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1、1.1AnoverviewofEnglishvocabularyWhatisaword?Theminimalfreeformofalanguage,whichhasagivensound,meaningandsyntactic（语法的）function.WordsareformedbymorphemesBloomfielddistinguishesbetweentwotypesoflinguisticforms:freeformandboundform(自由形位和粘附形位）1Thetermwordreferstothefundamentalunitofag
2、ivenlanguage,withsoundandmeaning(lexicalandgrammatical),capableofperformingagivensyntacticfunction(句法功能)(awordactsasastructuralunitofasentence).2Allthewordsinalanguagetogetherconstitutewhatisknownasitsvocabulary.3Lexicology:Whatislexicology?lexicologylexic-（词汇的）-ology（科学，学问）eg.bio
3、logypsychology…Lexicon（词典）lexisvocabularyBriefly,itisthe“scienceoftheword”,andabranchoflinguisticsdealingwithvocabularyofalanguage.4Lexicologythestudyofthelexis（词汇的）inhumanlanguage(HowardJackson&EtienneZė2001,陆国强1999，et.al)generallexicology&speciallexicologystudytheuniversalprinci
4、plesstudythelexisinaspeciallanguage5Notes:lexis“词汇学”可以定义为“对某一种语言的词汇(lexis)的研究”。“词汇”在英语里可以用vocabulary、lexis和lexicon来表示,三个术语大致上是同义的,但是,vocabulary比较口语化、lexicon比较学术化、而lexis界乎两者之间。(汪榕培)61.2DevelopmentofEnglishvocabularyTheWorldLanguagesItisestimatedthatthereareabout5000languagesallover
5、theworld,whichcanbegroupedintoabout300languagefamilies,suchasSino-TibetanFamily(汉藏语系),Indo-EuropeanFamily,AltaicFamily（阿尔泰语系）,andsoon.ChineseisamemberintheSino-TibetanFamily,whileEnglishisamemberintheIndo-EuropeanFamily.thecriteria（标准）todividelanguagefamilies?1.thebasisofsimilarit
6、iesintheirbasicwordstock2.grammar71.2.1HistoricaldevelopmentofEnglishvocabularyThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintothreeperiods.OldEnglish(449-1100)MiddleEnglish(1100-1500)ModernEnglish(1500-present)8TheOldEnglish(450-1100)ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagebeginswiththeconquest
7、andsettlementofwhatisnowEnglandbytheAngles,Saxons,andtheJutesfromabout450AD.ThelanguagetheyspokewasAnglo-Saxon,whichreplacedtheCelticspokenbytheformerinhabitantsCelts.ThevocabularyoftheOldEnglishconsistedmainlyofAnglo-Saxonwords,85%ofwhichwasnolongerinusenow.OldEnglishwasratherdif
8、ferentfromModernEnglishinpronunci
