2000-2011年英语四级考试真题及答案

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2000-2011年英语四级考试真题及答案2011年6月大学英语四级真题及答案PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions: Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofOnlineShopping.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2．网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题3．我的建议OnlineShopping注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.BritishCuisine:theBestofOldandNewBritishcuisine(烹饪)hascomeofageinrecentyearsaschefs(厨师)combinethebestofoldandnew.WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?Becauseitisbad!ThosearenotthemostencouragingwordstohearjustbeforeeatinglunchatoneofHongKong'ssmartestBritishrestaurants,Alfie'sbyKEE,butheadchefNeilTomeshasmoretosay."Thepast15yearsorsohavebeenanoticeableperiodofimprovementforfoodinEngland,"theEnglishchefsays,citingthetrendinBritishcuisineforbetteringredients,preparationandcookingmethods,andmoreappealingpresentation.ChefssuchasDeliaSmith,NigelSlater,JamieOliverandGordonRamsaymadethepublicrealisethatcooking-andeating-didn'thavetobeaboringthing.Andnow,mostoftheBritishpublicisfamiliarevenwiththeextremesofHestonBlumenthaPsmoleculargastronomy,aformofcookingthatemploysscientificmethodstocreatetheperfectdish."It'snolongerthecasethatthecommonmaninEnglandisembarrassedtoshowheknowsaboutfood,"Tomessays.Therewasplentyofroomforimprovement.Theproblemswiththenation'scuisinecanbetracedbackto

1theSecondWorldWar.BeforetheWar,muchofBritain'sfoodwasimportedandwhenGermanU-boatsbeganattackingshipsbringingfoodtothecountry,Britainwentonrations(配给)."Asrationingcametoanendinthe1950s,technologypickedupandwasusedtomass-producefood,"Tomessays."Andbythenpeoplewerejusthappytohaveadecentquantityoffoodintheirkitchens."Theyweren'tlookingforcuredmeats,organicproduceorbeautifulpresentation;theywerelookingforwhatevertheycouldgettheirhandson,andthisprioritisationofquantityoverqualityprevailedfordecades,meaningagenerationwasbroughtupwithfoodthatcouldn'tcompetewithneighbouringFrance,Italy,BelgiumorSpain.BeforestarchefssuchasOliverbeganmakingcookingfashionable,itwashardtofindarestaurantinLondonthatwasopenafter9pm.Butinrecentyearsthecapital'sculinary(烹饪的)scenehasdevelopedtothepointthatitisnowconfidentofitsabilitytopleasethetastesofanyinternationalvisitor.WiththeopeningofAlfie'sinApril,andotherssuchasThePawn,twoyearsago,modernBritishfoodhasmadeitswaytoHongKong."WithBritishfood,IthinkthatHongKongrestaurantsarekeepingup,"saysDavidTamlyn,theWelshexecutivechefatThePawninWanChai."HongKongdinersareextremelyresponsivetonewideasorpresentations,whichisgoodnewsfornewdishes."ChefsagreethatdinersinHongKongareembracingthemodernBritishtrend.Somerestaurantsaremodifyingtherecipes(菜谱)ofBritishdishestobreathenewlifeintotheclassics,whileothersareusingbetterqualityingredientsbutremainingtruetoBritishtraditionsandtastes.Tamlynisinthesecondcamp."Weselectourfoodveryparticularly.WeuseUSbeef,NewZealandlambandforourcustards(牛奶蛋糊)weuseBird'sCustardPowder,"Tamlynsays."Somerestaurantsgoforcustardmadefreshwitheggs,sugarandcream,butBritishcustardisdifferent,andwestaytruetothat."MatthewHill,seniormanageratthetwo-year-oldSoHorestaurantYorkshirePudding,alsousesbetteringredientsasameansofimprovingdishes."TherearealotofexistingperceptionsaboutBritishfoodandsowecan'talterthesetoomuch.We'reatraditionalBritishrestaurantsotherearesomestaples(主菜)thatwillremainessentiallyunchanged."Thesetraditionaldishesincludefishandchips,steakandkidneypieandlargepiecesofroastedmeats.AtAlfie's,thenewestoftheBritishrestaurantsintownandperhapsthemostgentlemen'sclub-likeindesign,NeilTomesexplainshispassionforprovenance(原产地)."Britainhasstartedtobecomereallyproudofthefoodit'sproducing.Ithasexcellentorganicfarms,beautifullycraftedcheeses,high-qualitymeats."However,theBritishdon'thaveahistoryofexportingtheirfoodstuffs,whichmakesitdifficultforrestaurantsinHongKongtosourceauthenticingredients."WecangetalotofouringredientsonceaweekfromtheUK,"Tamlynexplains."Butthereisalsopressuretobuylocalandsaveonfoodmiles,whichmeanswetakeourvegetablesfromthelocalmarkets,and

2therearealotthatworkwellwithBritishstaples."ThePhoenix,inMid-Levels,offersthewidestinterpretationof"Britishcuisine",whilestilltryingtomaintainitssoul.Thegastro-pubhasexistedinvariouslocationsinHongKongsince2002.SingaporeanheadchefTommyTehKumChaioffersdailyspecialsonablackboard,ratherthanstickingtoamenu.ThisenableshimtoreinterpretBritishcuisinedependingonwhatisavailableinthelocalmarkets."Weusealotofingredientsthatpeoplewouldn'tperhapsassociateasBritish,butarepresentedinaBritishway.Bellpeppersstuffedwithcouscous,alongsideratatouille,isaverypopulardish."Althoughtheingredientsmaynotstrikedinersasbeingtraditional,theycanbefoundindishesacrossBritain.Eventhetraditionalchefsareawareoftheneedtoadapttolocaltastesandcustoms,whilemaintainingtheBritishnessoftheircuisine.AtYorkshirePudding,Hillsaysthathisstaffasksdinerswhethertheywouldliketosharetheirmeals.Smalldishes,sharedmealsand"mixingitup"isnotsomethingcommonlydoneinBritain,butYorkshirePuddingwillbringfulldishestothetableandofferindividualplatesforeachdiner."Thatway,peoplestillgetthepresentationofthedishesastheyweredesigned,butcancarvethemuphowevertheylike,"Hillsays.ThispracticeisalsopopularatThePawn,althoughlargelyforrotisseries(烤肉馆),Tamlynsays."SometableswillarriveonaSunday,orderawholechickenandashoulderoflamborababypig,andjuststayforhoursenjoyingeverythingwebringoutforthem."SomeBritishtraditionsaretoosacred(神圣的)tomesswith,however,Tomessays."I'dneverchangeafullEnglishbreakfast."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.WhatisBritishfoodgenerallyknownfor?A)Itsuniqueflavour.C)Itsspecialcookingmethods.B)Itsbadtaste.D)Itsorganicingredients.2.TheSecondWorldWarledtoinBritain.A)aninadequatesupplyoffoodC)anincreaseinfoodimportB)adecreaseofgrainproductionD)achangeinpeople'seatinghabits3.Whycouldn'tBritaincompetewithsomeofitsneighbouringcountriesintermsoffoodinthepost-wardecades?A)Itsfoodlackedvariety.C)Itwasshortofwell-trainedchefs.B)Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity.D)Itdidn'thaveflavourfulfoodingredients.4.Withculinaryimprovementinrecentyears,London'srestaurantsarenowabletoappealtothetastesof.A)mostyoungpeopleC)allkindsofoverseasvisitors

3A)elderlyBritishdinersD)upper-classcustomers5.WhatdoHongKongdinerswelcome,accordingtoWelshexecutivechefDavidTamlyn?A)Authenticclassiccuisine.C)Newideasandpresentations.B)Locallyproducedingredients.D)Thereturnofhome-styledishes.6.Whileusingqualityingredients,DavidTamlyninsiststhatthedishesshould.A)benefitpeople'shealthC)beofferedatreasonablepricesB)lookbeautifulandinvitingD)maintainBritishtraditionaltastes7.WhydoesNeilTomessayhelovesfoodingredientsfromBritain?A)Theyappealtopeoplefromallovertheworld.B)Theyareproducedonexcellentorganicfarms.C)Theyareprocessedinascientificway.D)Theycomeinagreatvariety.8.TamlynsaysthatbesidesimportingingredientsfromBritainonceaweek,hisrestaurantalsobuysvegetablesfrom_______.9.ThePhoenixinMid-LevelsmaynotuseBritishingredients,butpresentsitsdishes______.10.YorkshirePuddingisarestaurantwhichwillbringfulldishestothetablebutofferplatestothosedinerswhowouldliketo_______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Heiscarelessabouthisappearance.B)Heisashamedofhispresentcondition.C)Hechangesjobsfrequently.D)Heshaveseveryotherday.12.A)Janemaybecaughtinatrafficjam.B)Janeshouldhavestartedalittleearlier.

4B)HeknowswhatsortofpersonJaneis.C)HeisirritatedathavingtowaitforJane.13.A)TrainingfortheMid-AtlanticChampionships.B)Makingpreparationsforatrans-Atlantictrip.C)Collectinginformationaboutbaseballgames.D)Analyzingtheirrivals'on-fieldperformance.14.A)Hehadanarrowescapeinacaraccident.B)Heishospitalizedforaseriousinjury.C)Helosthismothertwoweeksago.D)Hehasbeenhavingahardtime.15.A)Thewomanhasknownthespeakerforalongtime.B)Themanhaddifficultyunderstandingthelecture.C)Themanismakingafussaboutnothing.D)Thewomanthinkshighlyofthespeaker.16.A)Hehasdifficultymakingsenseoflogic.B)Statisticsandlogicarebothchallengingsubjects.C)Thewomanshouldseekhelpfromthetutoringservice.D)Tutoringservicesareverypopularwithstudents.17.A)HerovercoatisasstylishasJill's.C)Jillworetheovercoatlastweek.B)Jillmissedherclasslastweek.D)Sheisinthesameclassastheman.18.A)Acomputergame.C)Anexcitingexperience.B)Animaginarysituation.D)Avacationbythesea.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Beautifulsceneryinthecountryside.C)Painandpleasureinsports.B)Dangersofcross-countryskiing.D)Asportheparticipatesin.20.A)Hecan'tfindgoodexamplestoillustratehispoint.B)Hecan'tfindapeacefulplacetodotheassignment.C)Hedoesn'tknowhowtodescribethebeautifulcountryscenery.D)Hecan'tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.21.A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.B)Muchtimeisspentoncollectingdata.C)Alotofeffortismadeinvain.

5B)Thewriter'spointofviewoftenchanges.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Journalistofalocalnewspaper.B)Directorofeveningradioprograms.C)Produceroftelevisioncommercials.D)Hostessoftheweekly"BusinessWorld".23.A)Heranthreerestaurantswithhiswife'shelp.B)Heandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.C)Heworkedbothasacookandawaiter.D)Hehiredacookandtwolocalwaitresses.24.A)Hehardlyneedstodoanyadvertisingnowadays.B)Headvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.C)HespendshugesumsonTVcommercialseveryyear.D)Hehireschildrentodistributeadsinshoppingcenters.25.A)Therestaurantlocation.C)Thefoodvariety.B)Therestaurantatmosphere.D)Thefoodprice.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Itsprotectionisoftenneglectedbychildren.B)Itcannotbefullyrestoredoncedamaged.C)Therearemanyfalsenotionsaboutit.D)Therearevariouswaystoprotectit.27.A)Itmaymakethewearerfeeltired.B)Itwillgraduallyweakentheeyesofadults.C)Itcanleadtothelossofvisioninchildren.D)Itcanpermanentlychangetheeyestructure.28.A)Itcanneverbedoneevenwithhightechnology.

6B)Itisthebestwaytorestoredamagedeyesight.C)Itisamajorachievementineyesurgery.D)Itcanonlybepartlyaccomplishednow.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Theythinktheyshouldfollowthecurrenttrend.B)Nursinghomesarewell-equippedandconvenient.C)Adultday-carecentersareeasilyaccessible.D)Theyhavejobsandothercommitments.30.A)Theydon'twanttouseupalltheirlifesavings.B)Theyfeartheywillregretitafterwards.C)Theywouldliketospendmoretimewiththem.D)Theydon'twanttoseetheirhusbandspoorlytreated.31.A)Provideprofessionalstandardcare.C)Befrankandseekhelpfromothers.B)Beaffectionateandcooperative.D)Makefulluseofcommunityfacilities.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Healthandsafetyconditionsintheworkplace.B)Rightsandresponsibilitiesofcompanyemployees.C)Commoncomplaintsmadebyofficeworkers.D)Conflictsbetweenlaborandmanagement.33.A)Replaceitsout-datedequipment.B)Improvethewelfareofaffectedworkers.C)Followgovernmentregulationsstrictly.D)Provideextrahealthcompensation.34.A)Theyrequestedtotransfertoasaferdepartment.B)Theyquitworktoprotecttheirunbornbabies.C)Theysoughthelpfromunionrepresentatives.D)Theywantedtoworkshorterhours.35.A)Toshowhowtheylovewintersports.

7B)Toattracttheattentionfromthemedia.C)Toprotestagainstthepoorworkingconditions.D)Toprotectthemselvesagainstthecoldweather.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Contrarytotheoldwarningthattimewaitsfornoone,timeslowsdownwhenyouareonthemove.Italsoslowsdownmoreasyoumovefaster,whichmeansastronauts(宇航员)somedaymay(36)_____solonginspacethattheywouldreturntoanEarthofthe(37)_____future.Ifyoucouldmoveatthespeedoflight,yourtimewouldstandstill.Ifyoucouldmovefasterthanlight,yourtimewouldmove(38)_____.Althoughnoformofmatteryet(39)_____movesasfastasorfasterthanlight,(40)_____experimentshavealreadyconfirmedthataccelerated(41)_____causesatraveler'stimetobestretched.AlbertEinstein(42)_____thisin1905,whenhe(43)_____theconceptofrelativetimeaspartofhisSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Asearchisnowunderwaytoconfirmthesuspectedexistenceofparticlesofmatter(44)____________________________________.Anobsession(沉迷)withtime–saving,gaining,wasting,losing,andmasteringit–(45)____________________________________.Humanityalsohasbeenobsessedwithtryingtocapturethemeaningoftime.Einstein(46)____________________________________.Thus,timeandtime'srelativityaremeasurablebyanyhourglass,alarmclock,oranatomicclockthatcanmeasureabillionthofasecond.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemark

8thecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth,scientistssaidyesterday.Whileelderlypeople__47__tosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger,thishasa(n)__48__effectontheirbrain'sperformanceandtheywouldbenefitfromgettingmore,accordingtoresearch.SeanDrummond,a.psychiatrist(心理医生)attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping__49__straightthroughthenight.Moresleepinoldage,however,is__50__withbetterhealth,andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore__51__iftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid.“Theabilitytosleepinonechunk(整块时间)overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto__52__welldoesnotchange,”DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.“It's__53__amyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis,themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere__54__.Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom__55__togetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.That's__56__frompersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesameamountasweneedat75.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)alertI)formallyB)associatedJ)functionC)attractingK)mixedD)clingL)negativeE)continuingM)sufficientF)definitelyN)tendG)differentO)youngerSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

9Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatbeingrandomly(随机地)assignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihood(可能性)ofconflict.Recentreportsfoundthatlodgingwithastudentofadifferentracemaydecreaseprejudiceandcompelstudentstoengageinmoreethnicallydiversefriendships.AnOhioStateUniversitystudyalsofoundthatblackstudentslivingwithawhiteroommatesawhigheracademicsuccessthroughouttheircollegecareers.Researchersbelievethismaybecausedbysocialpressure.InaNewYorkTimesarticle,SamBoakye–theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-saidthat"ifyou'resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove."Researchersalsoobservedproblemsresultingfrompairinginterracialstudentsinresidences.Accordingtotworecentstudies,randomlyassignedroommatesofdifferentracesaremorelikelytoexperienceconflictssostrainedthatoneroommatewillmoveout.AnIndianaUniversitystudyfoundthatinterracialroommateswerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogetherbytheendofthesemester.GraceKao,aprofessoratPennsaidshewasnotsurprisedbythefindings."Thismaybethefirsttimethatsomeofthesestudentshaveinteracted,andlived,withsomeoneofadifferentrace,"shesaid.AtPenn,studentsarenotaskedtoindicateracewhenapplyingforhousing."Oneofthegreatthingsaboutfreshmanhousingisthat,withsomeexceptions,theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly,"saidUndergraduateAssemblychairmanAlecWebley."Thisisthedefinitionofintegration.""I'veexperiencedroommateconflictsbetweeninterracialstudentsthathavebothbrokendownstereotypesandreinforcedstereotypes,"saidonePennresidentadvisor(RA).TheRAoftwoyearsaddedthatwhilesomeconflicts"providedmoremulticulturalacceptanceandmelding(融合),"therewerealso"jarringculturalconfrontations."TheRAsaidthattheseconflictshavealsooccurredamongroommatesofthesamerace.Kaosaidshecautionsagainstforminganygeneralizationsbasedonanyoneofthestudies,notingthatmorebackgroundcharacteristicsofthestudentsneedtobestudiedandexplained.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?A)Conflictsbetweenstudentsofdifferentracesareunavoidable.B)Studentsofdifferentracesareprejudicedagainsteachother.C)Interraciallodgingdoesmoreharmthangood.D)Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.58.WhatdoesSamBoakye'sremarkmean?

10A)Whitestudentstendtolookdownupontheirblackpeers.B)Blackstudentscancompetewiththeirwhitepeersacademically.C)Blackstudentsfeelsomewhatembarrassedamongwhitepeersduringthefreshmanyear.D)Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.59.WhatdoestheIndianaUniversitystudyshow?A)Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.B)Fewwhitestudentslikesharingaroomwithablackpeer.C)Roommatesofdifferentracesjustdon'tgetalong.D)Assigningstudents'lodgingrandomlyisnotagoodpolicy.60.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe"definitionofintegration"?A)Studentsofdifferentracesarerequiredtosharearoom.B)Interraciallodgingisarrangedbytheschoolforfreshmen.C)Lodgingisassignedtostudentsofdifferentraceswithoutexception.D)Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.61.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?A)Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.B)Schoolsshouldbecautiouswhenmakingdecisionsaboutstudentlodging.C)Students'racialbackgroundshouldbeconsideredbeforelodgingisassigned.D)Experiencedresidentadvisorsshouldbeassignedtohandletheproblems.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(营养不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,

11saidtheForum'sreportwas"amethodologicalembarrassment"becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受伤害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention.”Butthereport,hesaid,"willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)."However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.62.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?A)Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.B)Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.C)Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.D)Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.63.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?A)Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.B)Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.C)Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.D)Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.64.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum'sreport?A)Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.C)Itdeservesourclosestattention.B)Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.D)Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.65.WhatisSorenAndreasen'sviewofthereport?A)Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.B)Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.C)ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.D)Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.66.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?A)Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.

12A)Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.B)Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.C)Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Whenitcomestoeatingsmartforyourheart,thinkingaboutshort-termfixesandsimplifylifewithastraightforwardapproachthatwillserveyouwellforyearstocome.Smarteatinggoesbeyondanalyzingeverybiteadyoulift__67__yourmouth."Inthepastweusedtobelievethat__68__amountsofindividualnutrients(营养物)werethe__69__togoodhealth,"LindaVanHorn,chairoftheAmericanHeartAssociation'sNutritionCommittee."Butnowwehavea__70__understandingofhealthyeatingandthekindsoffoodnecessaryto__71__notonlyheartdiseasebutdisease__72__general,"sheadds.Scientistsnow__73__onthebroaderpictureofthebalanceoffoodeaten__74__severaldaysoraweek__75__thanonthenumberofmilligrams(毫克)ofthisorthat__76__ateachmeal.Fruits,vegetablesandwholegrains,forexample,providenutrientsandplant-basedcompounds__77__forgoodhealth.“Themorewelearn,themore__78__wearebythewealthofessentialsubstancesthey__79__,"VanHorncontinues,"andhowthey__80__witheachothertokeepushealthy."You'llautomaticallybe__81__therightheart-healthytrackifvegetables,fruitsandwholegrainsmake__82__threequartersofthefoodonyourdinnerplate.__83__intheremainingonequarterwithleanmeatorchicken,fishoreggs.Thefoodsyouchoosetoeataswellasthoseyouchooseto__84__clearlycontributetoyourwell-being.Withouta__85__,eachofthesmalldecisionsyoumakeinthisrealmcanmakeabig__86__onyourhealthintheyearstocome.67.A)betweenB)throughC)insideD)to68.A)seriousB)splendidC)specificD)separate69.A)keyB)pointC)leadD)center70.A)strictB)differentC)typicalD)natural71.A)rescueB)preventC)forbidD)offend

1372.A)inB)uponC)forD)by73.A)turnB)putC)focusD)carry74.A)overB)alongC)withD)beyond75.A)otherB)betterC)ratherD)sooner76.A)conveyedB)consumedC)enteredD)exhausted77A)vitalB)initialC)validD)radical78.A)disturbedB)depressedC)amazedD)amused79.A)retainB)containC)attainD)maintain80.A)interfereB)interactC)reckonD)rest81.A)atB)ofC)onD)within82.A)outB)intoC)offD)up83.A)EngageB)FillC)InsertD)Pack84.A)deleteB)hinderC)avoidD)spoil85.A)notionB)hesitationC)reasonD)doubt86.A)outcomeB)functionC)impactD)commitmentPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,_____________________(也没有解释为什么).88.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshe_____________________(能被分配做另一项工作).89.Johnrescuedthedrowningchild_____________________(冒着自己生命危险).90.Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutit_____________________(接电话的却是他的助手).91.Althoughhewasinterestedinphilosophy,_____________________(他的父亲说服他)majoringinlaw.答案解析PartIWriting标准版

14DoingShoppingOnlineWiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,shoppingisnolongeratiringthing.Justclickyourmousetochoosethearticlesyoulike,andthepurchaseisdone.Youdon'tevenhavetostepoutoftheroom.Itseemsalleasyandquick.However,people'sopinionsvaryonthistrend.Somebelievethatonlineshoppingistimeandmoneysaving.Withplentifulselectionoptions,theycanbuywhatevertheylikeatanytimeconvenient.Stillothersinsistthatmis-purchasingaloneisannoyingenough,nottomentionthecredibilityofthesellersandthesafetyoftheiraccounts.Inmyopinion,theconvenienceandexcitementofonlineshoppingisbeyondalldoubts.Inthemeantime,wemustalwaysbearinmindthatcertaintrapsdoexist,sowe'dbettermakesurethesellersaretrustworthybeforebuying.Inaddition,weshouldalsoguardourselvesfromthepotentialhackerswhomightstealouraccountinformation.文章点评：这是一篇“中等偏上”的学生作文。本文先对网购热潮进行简介，引出全篇；接着对网络购物的正反两方面进行对比；最后提出自己的看法结束全篇。整体看思路清晰，逻辑严密，行文流畅，用语较为地道。下面说一下这篇文章的有待提高之处：1.文章结构上，能看得出该同学试图采用议论文的“三段式”（提出问题、分析问题、解决问题）。但是，以“WiththedevelopmentoftheInternet”为开首语，有些落入俗套，有硬套模板的嫌疑。稍加注意，应该能写出更好的句子。2.微观语言点方面，有些语句稍显啰嗦，比如Withplentifulselectionoptions…简化成Withplentifulselections…更好，意思没有丝毫减损，表达力反而增强许多。高分版Withthehelpoftheeverrapiddevelopmentofinternettechnology,onlineshoppingiscomingintofashioninmostofcities.Onlineshoppingiswelcomedbymostpeopleduetovariousreasons.Fromtheperspectiveofconsumer,itcansavesometimeforpeoplewhodon'thavemuchsparetime.Justclickthemouse,theycangetwhatevertheywantwhilestayingathome.Fortheretailers,itcancutsomecostsforthosewhodon'thavemuchcirculatingfunds.Theydon'thavetorentahouseandspendmoneyonemployeescomparedwiththetraditionaltrademode.However,therearestillsomedefectsinonlineshopping.First,laceoffacetofacedealmakesonlineshoppinglessreliableandtrustworthy.Second,peoplewilllosethefunofbargain.Itisundeniablethatshoppingontheinternethasbecomeanirresistibletrendinmodernsociety.It'sofgreaturgencythatweneedtoregulatetherelativelawsaccordancewiththerapidgrowthofonlineshopping.

15Onlyinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureandconvenienceofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingtreated.点评：本次四级作文探讨的是最近的热点话题之一——互联网网购。目前网购的风靡程度是众所周知，因此，考生对于该话题还是比较熟悉的。但是，比较特殊的是，题干所列出的要求的是考生从一个客观的角度来阐述该话题，而不是简单陈述自己的意见。所以，考生应当审清楚题，在写作时不仅仅要列出网购的优点，还必须给出相应的缺点。按照四级作文的要求，考生在第一段时应该总述现象并引出话题；第二段考生应当从正反两方面来论述网购，分别铺陈其优缺点；关于优点，网购的优点很多，考生可择其最突出显著的方面来阐述，比如说网购可以节省很多时间；网购可以节省很多成本开支等；其次，缺点方面考生可以把重心放在诚信方面；为了不至于跟优点相比，缺点方面太轻，考生可以考虑稍微提一下其他缺点，比如说与传统购物相比，网购少去了很多砍价的乐趣；第三点要求考生对于第二段列出的缺点给出自己的建议。此处我们可以根据第二段列出的缺点方面给出相应的防范应对措施。整篇作文话题比较好展开，难度不大，只要考生审好题，列出相应点，相信作文不会他是难题。外教版Onlineshoppinghasbeenaboontomanyindustriesandcompanieslookingtoexpandtheirmarkets.Also,it'sconvenientforshopperswhoaretoobusytoleavethehouse.However,insomecasesnothingcanreplaceatruefacetofaceshoppingexperience.Internetshoppingisconvenientforthemotherswhospendalldaydoinghousechoresandforthefatherswhoworkafull-timejob.Ontheotherhand,therearelimitstoshoppingonline,forexample:guessingthecorrectsizeofclothingonacomputerscreencanbeveryfrustrating.Forthebusymotherandfather,onlineshoppingisaveryusefulandconvenienttool.But,thereareinstances,likeclothesshopping,wherenothingbeatstherealthing.点评：作者在第一段描述了网购作为一种时尚给大家的生活带来了便利，然后话锋一转，说网购仍然取代不了面对面的购物交流。第二段主要还是从正反两方面分析了网购的优势和不足，以此描述大家对网购的不同反应。第三段作者表明了自己的观点，对网购的便利和不足之处都做了描述。综合来讲，本篇文章观点明确，结构清晰，语言表达地道，有不少闪光词汇，但是，内容深度上来讲还有些欠缺，另外，最后一部分表达个人观点，和第二段稍有重复。考生需要注意观点的清晰，不宜模棱两可。

16PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.B.Itsbadtaste解析：题干中generallyknownfor对应原文areputationfor，根据原文第一句WhydoesBritishfoodhaveareputationforbeingsobad?Becauseitisbad!可知关键词为bad，故选B。2.A.aninadequatesupplyofproduction解析：由题干关键词theSecondWorldWar可以定位到原文第四段，二战之前，英国的食品都是进口的，二战之后，食品供应船只遭到攻击，只能依靠配给。故选A，食品供给不足。3.B.Itspeoplecaredmoreforquantity解析：由competewithsomeofitsneighbouringcountries可以定位到原文第6段，theyweren'tlookingfor…,theywerelookingfor…,thisprioritizationofquantityoverqualityprevailedfordecades.可见他们对数量的追求高于质量，因此选B。4.C.allkindsofoverseasvisitors解析：由题干关键词culinary定位到原文第7段，根据最后一句…itsabilitytopleasethetastesofanyinternationalvisitor.而anyinternationalvisitor就等同于答案allkindsofoverseasvisitors。故选C.5.C.Newideasandpresentations解析：问题是按照DavidTamlyn的观点，香港的饮食者喜欢什么。先根据DavidTamlyn这个人名定位到原文第八段，再根据最后一句话HongKongdinersareextremelyresponsivetonewideasorpresentations,…这里的areextremelyresponsiveto在意思上等于题干中的welcome。6.D.maintainBritishtraditionaltastes解析：一些饭店修改菜谱，采用新样式，而另外一些则保留英式口味，再根据Tamlynisinthesecondcamp，可知Tamlyn属于后者，即保留原汁原味。故答案选D。7.B.Theyareproducedonexcellentorganicfarms解析：由NeilTomes定位到原文第12段，根据最后两句话…Ithasexcellentorganicfarms,beautifullycraftedcheeses,high-qualitymeats可选出答案B，NeilTomes喜欢英国原料的原因就在于原料产于优秀的有机农场。8.thelocalmarkets解析：根据原文，…whichmeanswetakeourvegetablesfromthelocalmarkets,…即除了从英国直接进口，还有部分蔬菜从本地市场购买的。9.inaBritishway解析：先定位到ThePhoenix那一段，再找到下一段，Weusealotofingredientsthatpeoplewouldn'tperhapsassociateasBritish,butarepresentedinaBritishway.

1710.sharetheirmeals解析：AtYorkshirePudding,Hillsaysthathisstaffasksdinerswhethertheywouldliketosharetheirmeals.餐厅之所以在上菜之后再供应碟子，原因就在于可能会有人愿意和别人分享食物。PartIIIListeningComprehensionSectionA11.M:Shawn'sbeentryingformonthstofindajob.ButIwonderhowhecouldgetajobwhenhelookslikethat.W:Oh,thatpoorguy!Hereallyshouldshavehimselfeveryotherdayatleastandputonsomethingclean.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutShawn?答案：A.Heiscarelessabouthisappearance.解析：男生首先对肖恩能否找到工作表示怀疑，因为他邋遢。女生接着提到肖恩不修边幅，又说他应该每隔一天刮一次胡子，把自己弄得整洁干净一点。由此可知，肖恩是一个对仪容仪表不太注重，比较粗线条的人shave，刮胡子；becarelessabout不在乎，不介意；12.W:IwishJanewouldcallwhensheknowshe'llbelate.Thisisnotthefirsttimewe'vehadtowaitforher.M:Iagree.Butshedoeshavetodrivethroughveryheavytraffictogethere.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?答案：A.Janemaybecaughtinatrafficjam.解析：本题是推理题，在做题时要注意仔细推敲。女生说：“Jane已经不是第一次迟到让我们等了，我希望她能事先打电话告诉我们一下”，可见女生对Jane迟到的作法是不满的。男生又说：“Iagree.Butshedoeshavetodrivethroughveryheavytraffictogethere.”（我同意。但是她到这里的确要遭受很拥堵的交通。）由此得出，男生对此事的态度是理解或宽容的。Jane可能被堵在半路了。13.M:Congratulations!IheardyourbaseballteamisgoingtotheMiddleAtlanticChampionship.W:Yeah,we'reallworkingrealhardrightnow!Q:Whatisthewoman'steamdoing?答案：A.TrainingfortheMid-AtlanticChampionship.解析：对话开头男生提到女生所在的棒球队要参加Mid-AtlanticChampionship.女生说：“we'reallworkingrealhardrightnow!”（我们现在正紧锣密鼓地练习呢！）由此可知，女生所在的棒球队正在进行赛前训练。此题还有一个迷惑选项B,Makingpreparationsforatrans-Atlantictrip,

18必须注意的是：这里并不是准备旅行，而是准备参赛。14.W:John'sbeenlookingafterhismotherinthehospital.Shewasinjuredinacaraccidenttwoweeksagoandstillincriticalcondition.M:Oh,that'sterrible.Andyouknowhisfatherpassedawaylastyear.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutJohn?答案：D.Hehasbeenhavingahardtime.解析：根据听力原文可知，“John'smotherisinthehospitalandhisfatherdiedlastyear.”（约翰的母亲出车祸住院了，父亲两年前也过世了）由此可见，John的近况还是蛮悲惨的；答案也就显而易见了。15.M:Whataboringspeaker!Icanhardlystayawake.W:Well,Idon'tknow.Infact,Ithinkit'sbeenalongtimesinceI'veheardanyoneisgood.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?答案：DThewomanthinkshighlyofthespeaker解析：根据听力原文可知，男生觉得演讲无趣，女生却很淡定地说：“其实我已经很久没有听到那么好的发言了”。由此可见，女生对发言还是很肯定的。选项D中“thinkshighlyof”即“对…评价高”，故D是正确答案。16.W:I'mhavingalotoftroublewithlogicanditseemsmyprofessorcan'texplainitinawaythatmakessensetome.M:Youknow,thereisatutoringserviceoncampus.Iwasabouttodropstatisticsbeforetheyhelpedmeout.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?答案：C.Thewomanshouldseekhelpfromtutoringservices.解析：首先女生说她逻辑学得很辛苦，接受不了老师的讲课方式也理解不了课程内容。而后男生说学校有辅导班，他在参加之前几乎要挂科了，辅导班帮了他大忙。言下之意是推荐女生也去上辅导班。17.M:Thisisastylishovercoat.Isawyouwearingitlastweek,did'tI?W:Oh,thatwasn'tme.ThatwasmysisterJill.She'sinyourclass.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?答案：C.Jillworetheovercoatlastweek.解析：首先男生问女生上周是否穿过拉风外套，然后女生说：“ThatwasmysisterJill.She'sinyour

19class.”（那是我姐姐Jill，她和你同班）也就是说男生很有可能看到的那个穿着拉风外套的人是女生的姐姐Jill。18.M:Jane,supposeyoulostallyourmoneywhiletakingavacationoverseas,whatwouldyoudo?W:Well,IguessI'dsellmywatchorcomputerordosomeoddjobstillIcouldaffordareturnplaneticket.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?答案：B.Animaginarysituation.解析：根据原文录音可知，对话开头男生讲到：“Jane,supposeyoulostallyourmoneywhiletakingavacationoverseas,whatwouldyoudo?”这里的"suppose"表明“假定、料想”由此可见，两人谈论的是一个虚拟场景。ConversationOne听力原文M:Hello,professorJohnson.W:Hello,Tony.Sowhatshallweworkontoday?M:Well,theproblemisthatthiswritingassignmentisn'tcomingoutright.WhatIthoughtIwaswritingonwastotalkaboutwhatparticularsportmeanstomewhenIparticipatein,W:Whatsportdidyouchoose?M:Idecidedtowriteaboutcross-countryskiing.W:Whatareyougoingtosayaboutskiing?M:That'stheproblem.IthoughtIwouldwriteabouthowpeacefulitistobeoutinthecountry.W:Sowhyisthataproblem?M:AsIstartdescribinghowquietitistobeoutinthewoods.Ikeepmentioninghowmucheffortittakestokeepgoing.Cross-countryskiingisn'taseasyassomepeoplethink.Ittakesalotofenergy,butthat'snotpartofmypaper.SoIguessIshouldleaveitout.ButnowIdon'tknowhowtoexplainthatfeelingofpeacefulnesswithoutexplaininghowhardyouhavetoworkforit.Itallfitstogether.It'snotlikejustsittingdownsomewhereandwatchingthecloudsrollby.That'sdifferent.W:Thenyou'llhavetoincludethatinyourpoint.Thepeacefulnessofcross-countryskiingisthekindyouearnbyeffort.Whyleavethatout?Partofyourpointyouknewbeforehandbutpartyoudiscoveredasyouwrote.That'scommon,right?M:Yeah,Iguessso.Q19:Whatisthetopicoftheman'swritingassignment?C)PainandpleasureinsportsQ20:Whatproblemdoesthemanhavewhileworkingonhispaper?

20D)Hecan'tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.Q21:Whatdoesthewomansayiscommoninwritingpapers?A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.19.D)Asportheparticipatesin解析：题目问的是，男生论文的主题是什么，从talkaboutwhatparticularsportmeanstomewhenIparticipatein一句中，可得对应选项D。C选项是一个干扰项，painandpleasureinsports,意为运动中的痛苦与快乐，其中sports一词范围太大，对话中只谈到了cross-countryskiing,因此，C选项错。20.D)Hecan'tdecidewhethertoincludetheeffortpartofskiing.解析：当男生打算将越野滑雪的艰辛剔除出论文时，教授说了一句“Thenyou'llhavetoincludethatinyourpoint.”对应选项D21.A)Newideascomeupasyouwrite.解析：在对话的最后，教授提到“Partofyourpointyouknewbeforehandbutpartyoudiscoveredasyouwrote.That'scommon,right?”这句话意思是说，在写论文之前，论点的一部分我们已经有了，但另一部分在写的过程中才会发现，因此，对应选项A。A选项与D选项较易混淆，但从教授的话中，我们可以看出，不是论点发生变化，而是在写作过程中，会有新的想法产生。这篇长对话因为是围绕论文写作展开，而且涉及了一项我们中国人并不熟悉的运动，越野滑雪，因此，乍听之下，有些小抽象，小陌生。但细听之后，我们会发现，文中有一大段都提到了男生在写作中遇到的纠结处，那就是越野滑雪的畅快和由此所付出的艰辛，文章的主旨自然呼之欲出了。这篇对话主要考察对文章大意的理解，而不是纠结于一词一句的得失，因此，大家在做题时，也要注意把握主干，不要因为听到了一个自己不太熟悉的运动就舍本逐末。ConversationTwoW:Goodeveningandwelcometothisweek'sBusinessWorld.Itprogramforandaboutbusinesspeople.TonightwehaveMr.AngelenowhocametotheUSsixyearsago,andisnowanestablishedbusinessmanwiththreerestaurantsintown.TellusMr.Angeleno,howdidyougetstarted?M:WellIstartedoffwithasmalldiner.Ididallthecookingmyselfandmywifewaitedontables.Itwasreallytoomuchworkfortwopeople.Mycookingisgreat.Andwordgotaroundtownaboutthefood.Withinayear,Ihadtohireanothercookandfourwaitresses.Whenthatrestaurantbecameverybusy,Idecidedtoexpandmybusiness.Nowwiththreeplacesmymainconcerniskeepingthebusinesssuccessfulandrunningsmoothly.W:Doyouadvertise?M:Ohyes.Idon'thaveanyTVcommercials,becausetheyaretooexpensive.ButIadvertisealotonradioandinlocalnewspapers.Mychildrenusedtodistributeads.innearbyshoppingcentres,butwedon'tneedtodo

21thatanymore.W:Whydoyoubelieveyou'vebeensosuccessful?M:Em,IalwaysservethefreshestpossiblefoodandImaketheatmosphereascomfortableandaspleasantasIcan,sothatmycustomerswillwanttocomeback.W:Soyoualwaysaimtopleasethecustomers?M:Absolutely!WithoutthemIwouldhavenobusinessatall.W:ThankyouMr.Angeleno.Ithinkyouradvicewillbehelpfulltothosejuststaringoutinbusiness.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22Whatisthewoman'soccupationD)Hostessoftheweekly“BusinessWorld”23whatdowelearnaboutMr.Angeleno'sbusinessatitsbeginningB)Heandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.24whatdoesMr.Angelenosayaboutadvertisinghisbusiness.B)Headvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.25Whatdoesthemansaycontributetohissuccess?B)Therestaurantatmosphere22.D)Hostessoftheweekly“BusinessWorld”解析：从对话中可以听出，这是一个访谈节目，因此这个女性是节目主持人。23.B)Heandhiswifedideverythingbythemselves.解析：题目问的是，刚开始的时候，Angeleno的生意怎么样？对话中提到，Ididallthecookingmyselfandmywifewaitedontables.Angeleno负责做菜，他妻子负责接待，对应选项B。24.B)Headvertisesalotonradioandinnewspapers.解析：从ButIadvertisealotonradioandinlocalnewspapers.一句中，可以得到对应选项。25.B)Therestaurantatomsphere解析：题目问的是，什么有助于餐厅的成功？对话中提到，IalwaysservethefreshestpossiblefoodandImaketheatmosphereascomfortableandaspleasantasIcan,sothatmycustomerswillwanttocomeback.可见，Angeleno会提供尽可能新鲜的食物和舒适的用餐环境以吸引顾客，因此，对应选项B，也许，有童鞋会问，为什么不选C？注意，C选项是指各种各样的食物，与文意中“新鲜的食物”不符，是错误选项。这篇对话是一篇较为简单的访谈节目，主要涉及一些细节问题，其中，关键细节包括餐馆经营情况，广告宣传情况等，也是考点所在。童鞋们在听时，可以相应地做些简单的笔记，从而准确地选出选项。SectionBPassageOne

22Therearemanycommonlyheldbeliefsabouteyeglassesandeyesightthatarenotprovenfacts.Forinstance,somepeoplebelievethatwearingglassestoosoonweakenstheeyes.Butthereisnoevidencetoshowthatthestructureofeyesischangedbywearingglassesatayoungage.Wearingthewrongglasses,however,canproveharmful.Studiesshowthatforadultsthereisnodanger,butchildrencandeveloplossofvisioniftheyhaveglassesinappropriatefortheireyes.Wehaveallheardsomeofthecommonmythsabouthoweyesightgetsbad.Mostpeoplebelievethatreadingindimlightcausespooreyesight,butthatisuntrue.Toolittlelightmakestheeyesworkharder,sotheydogettiredandstrained.Eyestrainalsoresultsfromreadingalot,readinginbed,andwatchingtoomuchtelevision.However,althougheyestrainmaycausesomepainorheadaches,itdoesnotpermanentlydamageeyesight.Anothermythabouteyesisthattheycanbereplaced,ortransferredfromonepersontoanother.Thereareclosetoonemillionnervefibresthatconnecttheeyeballtothebrain,asofyetitisimpossibletoattachthemallinanewperson.Onlycertainpartsoftheeyecanbereplaced.Butifwekeepclearingupthemythsandlearningmoreabouttheeyes,somedayafulltransplantmaybepossible.篇章类型及提要：论证文听力点睛：本文主要介绍关于纠正一些对眼镜及视力的常识的错误认识。注意文章首句"Therearemanycommonlyheldbeliefsabouteyeglassesandeyesightthatarenotprovenfacts."通常这种文章首句就是主旨句。这是做听力短文题必须要高度关注的。接下去可以推测下面内容必然围绕主题句展开，通过举例等来论证作者要表明的观点。所以听的时候也要高度专注那些关键词句，如forinstance,however,but,evidence,although,Studiesshowthat...这些关键词句后面的内容是听力常考的地方。最后文章给出一个总结句呼吁人们破除固有的一些认识，去更多了解我们的眼睛，头尾呼应。Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttotellusabouteyesight?答案：C）Therearemanyfalsenotionsaboutit.解析：从"eyesight"可以把答案定位于第一段，关键词有"weakenstheeyes""lossofvision".注意题目中是问speaker要告诉我们的，所以不要被somepeoplebelieve...误导，看清题目要问什么很重要。容易混淆的是A选项，文中提到如果孩子戴不合适的眼镜会使孩子的视力减弱，但并没有提到孩子经常忽视保护视力。B、D选项文中没有提及，可以排除。27.Whatdostudiesaboutwearingthewrongglassesshow?答案：C）Itcanleadtothelossofvisioninchildren.解析：本题关键词是"studies""wearingthewrongglasses".文章中作者很明显地给出了"Studiesshowthatforadults..."因此了解这个后面的内容，做出本题难度不大。文中说到"foradultsthereisnodanger"

23，因此排除B选项。"thereisnoevidence...thestructureofeyesischanged""itdoesnotpermanentlydamageeyesight"可以排除D选项，注意如果漏听了no，很可能就会选错。A选项前文没有提及，可以排除。28.Whatdowelearnabouteyetransplantingfromthetalk?答案：D）Itcanonlybepartlyaccomplishednow.解析：本题关键词"eyetransplanting"，迅速定位于听力后面部分。A、B、C选项文中没有提及，排除。文章最后部分"Onlycertainpartsoftheeyecanbereplaced""Onlycertainpartsoftheeyecanbereplaced"可以推断出答案是D选项。PassageTwoWhenpeoplecareforanelderlyrelative,theyoftendonotuseavailablecommunityservicessuchasadultdaycarecenters.Ifthecaregiversareadultchildren,theyaremorelikelytousesuchservices,especiallybecausetheyoftenhavejobsandotherresponsibilities.Incontrast,aspouseusuallythewife,ismuchlesslikelytousesupportservicesortoputthedependentpersoninanursinghome.Socialworkersdiscoverthatthewifenormallytriestotakecareofherhusbandherselfforaslongasshecaninordernottouseuptheirlifesavings.Researchershavefoundthatcaringfortheelderlycanbeaverypositiveexperience.Theelderlyappreciatedthecareandattentiontheyreceived.Theywereaffectionateandcooperative.However,evenwhencaregivingissatisfying,itishardwork.Socialworkersandexpertsonagingoffercaregiversandpotentialcaregivershelpwhenarrangingforthecareofanelderlyrelative.Oneconsiderationistoaskparentswhattheywantbeforetheybecomesickordependent.Perhapstheyprefergoingintoanursinghomeandcanselectoneinadvance.Ontheotherhand,theymaywanttolivewiththeiradultchildren.Caregiversmustalsolearntostatetheirneedsandopinionsclearlyandaskforhelpfromothersespeciallybrothersandsisters.Brothersandsistersareoftenwillingtohelp,buttheymaynotknowwhattodoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.Whyareadultchildrenmorelikelytousecommunityservicestohelpcareforelderlyparents?答案：D）Theyhavejobsandothercommitments.解析：细节题。本题询问原因，文章开头很快就给出了本题答案"becausetheyoftenhavejobsandotherresponsibilities."注意D选项中的commitments的意思是“承诺，保证；承担义务”和responsibilities意思相近。这也是四级考试中常见的选项设置，用同义词或近义词替换掉文中的词汇。这要求考试在备考时，重点词汇及其同义词反义词都要有所了解。其他选项文中没有提及，可排除。30.Whyaremostwivesunwillingtoputtheirdependenthusbandsintonursinghomes?答案：A)Theydon'twanttouseupalltheirlifesavings.解析：细节题。关键词"wives""husbands"。本题不难，文章中已经直接给出答案"inordernottouseuptheirlifesavings"。31.Accordingtothepassage,whatmustcaregiverslearntodo?

2431.Accordingtothepassage,whatmustcaregiverslearntodo?答案：C）Befrankandseekhelpfromothers.解析：关键词"caregivers""learntodo"，问看护人应该要学会做的事情，然后迅速定位于最后部分，"Oneconsiderationistoask..."，"Caregiversmustalsolearntostate..."主要有两件事情，C选项是其中一个，另外一个选项中没有，排除A、B和D选项。PassageThreeSinceaunionrepresentativevisitedourcompanytoinformusaboutourrightsandprotections.Mycoworkershavebeenworryingabouthealthconditionsandcomplainingaboutsafetyhazardsintheworkplace.Severaloftheemployeesinthecomputerdepartment,forexample,claimtobedevelopingvisionproblemsfromhavingtostareatavideodisplayterminalforabout7hoursaday.Thesupervisorofthelaboratoryisbeginningtogetheadachesanddizzyspellsbecauseshesaysit'sdangeroustobreathesomeofthechemicalsmokethere.AnX-raystechnicianisrefusingtodoherjobuntilthefirmagreestoreplaceitsout-datedequipment.Sheinsiststhatit'sexposingworkerstounnecessarilyhighdosesofradiation.ShethinksthatshemayhavetocontacttheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministrationandaskedthatgovernmentagencytoinspectthedepartment.I'veheardthatatafactoryintheareatwopregnantwomenwhowereworkingwithpaintrequestedatransfertoasaferdepartment,becausetheywantedtopreventdamagetotheirunbornbabies.Thesupervisorofpersonnelrefusedtherequest.Inanotherfirmtheworkerswereconstantlycomplainingaboutthemalfunctioningheatingsystem,buttheownerswastoobusyortoomeantodoanythingaboutit.Finally,theyallmetanagreetowearski-clothingtoworkthenextday.Theownerwastooembarrassedtotalktohisemployees.Buthehadtheheatingsystemreplacedrightaway.Questions32-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32Whatdoesthetalkfocuson?A)Healthandsafetyconditionsinworkplace.解析：主旨题。本题简单，了解了文章主要内容后，就可以直接选出答案。注意不要被文章中员工们得对工作环境的complaints影响而混淆了。33WhatdidtheX-raytechnicianaskhercompanytodo?Replaceitsout-datedequipments.答案：A）Replaceitsout-datedequipments.解析：细节题。作者有直接读出答案，比较简单。34Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetwopregnantwomenworkingwithpaint?A)Theyrequestedtotransfertoasaferdepartment.答案：A)Theyrequestedtotransfertoasaferdepartment.解析：细节题。作者有直接读出答案，比较简单。注意选B

25选项的同学可能犯了想当然的错误。做题还是要按照文章的事实根据来。35Whydidtheworkersinthefirmwearski-clothingtowork?C)Toprotestagainstthepoorworkingconditions.答案：C）Toprotestagainstthepoorworkingconditions.解析：推理题。本题容易误选D选项。因为是heatingsystem出了故障。但通过下文"tooembarrassed""hadtheheatingsystemreplacedrightaway"从老板的反应及采取的措施可以推断出，员工们穿滑雪服地原因其实为对差的工作环境向老板提出抗议。SectionCCompoundDictationContrarytotheoldwarningthattimewaitsfornoone,timeslowsdownwhenyouareonthemove.Italsoslowsdownmoreasyoumovefaster,whichmeansastronauts（宇航员）somedaymaysurvivesolonginspacethattheywouldreturntoanearthofthedistantfuture.Ifyoucouldmoveatthespeedoflight,yourtimewouldstandstill,ifyoucouldmovefasterthanlight,yourtimewouldmovebackward.Althoughnoformofmatteryetdiscovered,movesasfastasorfasterthanlight,scientificexperimentshasalreadyconfirmedthatacceleratedmotioncausesatraveler'stimetobestretched.AlbertEinsteinpredictedthisin1905,whenheintroducedtheconceptofrelativetimeaspartofhisspecialtheoryofrelativity.Asearchisnowunderwaytoconfirmthesuspectedexistenceofparticlesofmatterthatmoveataspeedgreaterthanlight,andtherefore,mightserveasourpassportstothepast.Anobsessionwithtime-saving,gaining,wasting,losingandmasteringit-seemstohavebeenapartofhumanityforaslongashumanhaveexisted.Humanityalsohasbeenobsessedwithtryingtocapturethemeaningoftime.Einsteinusedadefinitionoftimeforexperimentalpurposes,asthatwhichismeasuredbyaclock.Thustimeandtime'srelativityaremeasurablebyanyhourglass,alarmclock,oratomicclockthatcanmeasureabillionthofasecond.本文提要：本篇属于科技类文章，主要围绕时间和运动的关系展开；用谚语开篇引出全文，很有吸引力。中间引用爱因斯坦的相对论相关概念，具体阐述主题。答案：36.survive解析：文章描述：运动越快，时间变慢得也更快，这也就意味着宇航员有朝一日可以在太空中生存（survive）很久，如此一来他们就可以在遥远（distant）的未来重返地球。37.distant解析：这个空在future前面，所以预判该填形容词常用搭配无非near，close，distant等，根据听力原文，如上所述，确定是遥远的未来；填distant。38.backward解析：速度达到光速，时间静止；根据常识推断，若速度快于光速，那么时间将后退，即move

26backward，根据听力原文可确定这一推断。39.discovered解析：空缺部分作后置定语，从音频可知是发现(discovered)，用其过去完成时态。40.scientific解析：该空后接名词，应为形容词，scientific。41.motion解析：原文描述，实验已证明运动加快会使宇航员的时间延长。这里的运动为motion。42.predicted解析：爱因斯坦在1905年时作出预测，用过去时predicted。43.introduced解析：这是爱因斯坦提出的一个相对时间的概念，用过去时introduced。44.thatmoveataspeedgreaterthanlight,andtherefore,mightserveasourpassportstothepast.解析：当下进行的研究旨在证实，是否有这样的物质，即能以超光速运行，并可以作为我们回归过去的“通行证”。填句只需意思相近就可以，关键抓住核心：超光速运行，可帮助人类回到过去。45.seemstohavebeenapartofhumanityforaslongashumanhaveexisted.解析：人类对时间的节约，获取，浪费以及流失等的着迷，自人类诞生以来就一直是其生活的一部分。核心：人类诞生以来就一直存在的，如影随形的。46.usedadefinitionoftimeforexperimentalpurposes,asthatwhichismeasuredbyaclock.解析：人类也对时间的含义非常着迷，爱因斯坦就曾提出一个试验性的定义，这个定义下的时间可以用钟表来测量。核心意思：试验性的定义，可以用钟表来测量。解题密钥：听类似文章时首先要注意把握逻辑结构，也即听第一遍听时把握大意，先不要急于填写所有空缺，重点是要缕清思路，听懂文章在说什么，记录关键信息词；有了对文章整体的把握后，第二遍听时就容易许多，这时就可以把空缺进量补齐，注意填句部分不一定非得按原文填写，只要意思相近就行；第三遍是最后一遍，此时要边听边检查已填写空缺，另外也可补填遗漏。听力音频结束后，可对所填词汇进行检查，此时主要根据语法知识保证词形，词性准确无误；另外也可重新组织语句，完善填句部分。PartIVReadingComprehension(Readingindepth)SectionA

27文章大意：47Ntend48Lnegative49Hefficiently50Bassociated51Aalert52Jfunction/53Fdefinitely54Oyounger55Econtinuing56Gdifferent文章大意：本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间？47.tendto固定搭配；表示“倾向于；”符合句意；48.空格后是effect，前面是a(n)，由此可见，该处需要填入一个形容词；题目给出的形容词有negative,sufficient,younger；根据前后语意，填入negative最为恰当，表示“少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。”49.根据推测，该处应该填入一个副词，题目给出的副词有efficiently,definitely,formally；前面提到，老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断，而后面用while提出一个对比的概念，年轻人相比起来能获得更_______的睡眠；综合起来，选用efficiently（最有效率的）最为准确。50.beassociatedwith固定搭配；表示“与…联系在一起”；本句话表示“更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起”；51.先看整句话的含义，“如果他们能睡更长的时间，他们的感觉应该会更好以及…”那么，该处应该填入一个褒义词，选择alert比较恰当，表示“更加警觉，机灵”；52.根据判断，此处应该填入一个动词，剩下的动词有cling,function；整句话的意思是“当我们上了年纪的时候，我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我们需要…的睡眠量并没有改变；”空格后的单词是well，cling在这里并不合适，一般与to连用；选用function最为适合；53.作者在首段已经提出这个观点是一个myth，那么显而易见最后一段中出现的myth是作为一种强调手段，应填入definitely；54.空格的前面是whentheywere…，“当他们年轻的时候”；应填入younger；55.本句的意思是“我们的数据显示老年人将从…获益；”空格的后面是“得到和他们在三十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多”；根据上下文意思，该处应填入“continuing”；56.differentfrom固定搭配；表示“和…不同”；

28总的说来，建议大家在做题之前对所给的所有词汇进行一下简单的词性分类，这样，更有助于考生快速有效地从最小的范围内选出答案。SectionBPassageOne57.Whatcanwelearnfromsomerecentstudies?答案：D.Interraciallodgingmayhavediverseoutcomes.关键词：recentstudies,butalso定位：题干中somerecentstudies提示答案定位在第一段第一句话。解析：问题提问从最近的研究中我们可以了解到什么？第一段第一句中Severalrecentstudiesfoundthat…与题干对应，由此可知that后的就是recentstudies的内容，即beingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherracecanleadtoincreasedtolerancebutalsotoagreaterlikelihoodofconflict。其中“beingrandomlyassignedtoaroommateofanotherrace”对应了选项D中的“interraciallodging”，“can…butalso…”说明了interraciallodging是有利有弊的。因此D选项符合文意。而C选项“弊大于利”不符合文意,A“不同种族学生之间的争执是不可避免的”选项与B“不同种族的学生相互存在偏见”原文中没有明确提及58.WhatdoesSamBoakye'sremarkmean?答案：D.Beingsurroundedbywhitepeersmotivatesablackstudenttoworkhardertosucceed.关键词：surrounded,somethingtoprove定位：题干中出现的人名SamBoakye提示答案定位在第四段第一句话。解析：问题提问SamBoakye的话是什么意思？通过定位可以找到SamBoakye的那段话，即ifyou'resurroundedbywhites,youhavesomethingtoprove.这句话前面的插入语-theonlyblackstudentonhisfreshmanyearfloor-介绍了SamBoakye作为黑人学生的背景，帮助我们理解之前那句话：如果你的周围都是白人，那么一定会去证明些什么，言下之意就是选项D“白人同伴的存在会激励黑人学生更加努力地去取得成功”。而选项A,B,C在文中没有明确提及。本题选项C有个干扰信息“thefreshmanyear”，在原文中出现。某些考生看到这个词，不假思索就选择了这个选项，但没有搞懂原文的意思，导致错误选择。请考生留意。59.WhatdoestheIndianUniversitystudyshow?答案：A.Interracialroommatesaremorelikelytofallout.关键词：IndianUniversity,morelikely,定位：题干中出现的机构名称IndianUniversity提示答案定位在第七段第一句话。解析：问题提问IndianUniversity的研究显示了什么？通过定位可以发现研究结果显示Interracialroommatewerethreetimesaslikelyastwowhiteroommatestonolongerlivetogether，与选项A中的morelikelytofallout对应，因此选择D。此处，fallout应该理解为“散伙，分开”有些考生可能因为不理解意思而产生歧义，请考生留意。

2960.WhatdoesAlecWebleyconsidertobethe“definitionofintegration”?答案：D.Theschoolrandomlyassignsroommateswithoutregardtorace.关键词：AlecWebley,definitionofintegration定位：题干出现的人名AlecWebley提示答案定位在第十段第一句。解析：通过定位找到人名，人名后出现“Thisisthedefinitionofintegration”，由“this”可知人名前就是我们要找的答案，即theprocessthrowsyoutogetherrandomly，“throwyoutogetherrandomly”与“randomlyassign”对应。意思与选项D符合。因此，此处选择D。61.WhatdoesGraceKaosayaboutinterraciallodging?答案：A.Itisunscientifictomakegeneralizationsaboutitwithoutfurtherstudy.关键词：GraceKao,generalizations定位：题干中出现的人名GraceKao以及generalizations提示答案定位在文章最后一段。根据最后一段意思：要得出Interraciallodging的一般规律，需要对学生的背景特征有更多的研究，与选项D的意思相同。而选项ABC在文中没有明确提及。PassageTwo本篇文章主要是围绕一份来自GlobalHumanitarianForum的报告展开的，在解题之前，通过对5个题干的浏览，以及在原文中的定位，可以发现，这篇文章是严格按照顺序原则来出题的。每一个题干中都有大写的字母，这些首字母大写的单词既是关键词，也是定位词，可以有效地帮助我们到原文中准确定位，节省答题时间。62.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?答案：B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesseshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.关键词：GlobalHumanitarianForum定位：第一段、第二段解析：一般而言，四级的阅读题目大致遵循顺序原则，此篇文章正好是遵循此规律的。在文章的第一段，第一行，我们看到“…300,000deathsandabout$125billion…”,根据这里，我们可以把答案锁定在选项A（economic）和选项B(Ratesofdeath)，然后我们接着往下看，可以发现，第二段就没有再提到金钱方面了，而都是在讲死亡和疾病的话题，如第二段的第三行“…deathratesfromillnesses…”。所以，最后正确的选项是B。63.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum'sreportfromthepassage?答案：A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.关键词：learn、Forum'sreport定位：第三段解析：根据顺序原则，我们在接下来的第三段里就找到了63题的答案。第三段的第一行就讲到“thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk”，这和A选项是完全相一致的，challenged是

30criticism的同义替换。B选项中的“interest”表示“兴趣”，主要用于好的事物，这里讲的都是对theForum'srepor的批评，显然就不合适了。C选项表达的意思跟原文正好相反，这个是肯定要排除的。然后，有的同学可能会选到D选项，可能是受到文中第四段“…primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyeffected…”这句话的影响。但是D选项中“abigstir”“一阵巨大的骚乱”文中是完全没有提到的。64.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum'sreport?答案：B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.关键词：Dr.Pielke、say定位：第五段解析：在第五段，我们可以很快找到Pielke，然后找到他说的话，第二行“theForum'sreportwas‘amethodologicalembarrassment'”,然后在第六行“butthereport,hesaid‘willharmthe…itissodeeplyflawed'”。根据这两句话，选项中invalid是flawed的同义替换，我们可以很容易地选到B。65.WhatisSorenAndreasen'sviewofthereport?答案：D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.关键词：SorenAndreasen定位：第六段解析：在第六段的第二行和第三行，可以看到“thenumberwereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders…”,根据这两句话，我们就能较轻松地将正确答案锁定在D选项。66.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?答案：D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.关键词：KofiAnnan、focusoftheCopenhagenconference定位：第七段（即文中的最后一段）解析：最后一段是KofiAnnan说的一段话。我们在最后一段的第二行，focuson后面“…fromrichtopoorregionstohelpreduce…”后面的内容就无需再花时间去看了，因为他focus（关注）的地方，在此就已经陈述清楚了，正确答案就是D。PartVCloze文章大意：67.to68.specific69.key70.different71.prevent72.in

3173.focus74.over75.rather76.consumed77.vital78.amazed79.contain80.interact81.on82.up83.fill84.avoid85.doubt86.impact这是一篇关于科学饮食的科技新闻。为了让学生快速进入语境，文章第一段没有挖空。从第一段中，我们可以获得全文主旨：科学饮食的真谛是从大处着眼，67.第二段首句有个定语从句：科学饮食远不止分析每一口放到嘴里的饭。这里要选择一个介词，lift的原意是高举，在这里的意思就是“放到嘴边”，to表示方向。between表示在某某之间，不合题意。inside表示静态，与lift这个动作相矛盾。同理，B选项through，表示穿过，lift这个动作，到嘴边就结束了，并没有穿过嘴巴。68.按照原文的逻辑，接下来的一句话，表达过去人们如何如何，是为了给出“靶子”加以批评，所以，我们需要继续往后读，读到作者提倡的做法，然后反向理解一下，便可选出答案。69.根据语法搭配，只有key才可以和后面的to相搭配，所以选择A选项。70.句首的but，是题眼，表达对比之意，所以，下文开始讲述“另一种”“不同的”饮食习惯。因此，选择B选项，different。71.这里是个不定式短语，需要一个动词，由宾语heartdisease可知，“prevent”（预防）是最佳搭配。72.考察和general搭配的介词，只有in符合语法。73.需要一个动词和on搭配，语法上四个选项都可以搭配，只能从词义上判断，turnon表示打开，focuson表示注重，puton表示穿衣，carryon表示执行。根据宾语，“更广的层面”，可知应该选择focuson。74.需要一个和“时间段”搭配的介词，overaperiodoftime表示一段时间以来，符合题意。75.这里表示“是什么而不是什么”，应该用ratherthan才能准确达意。

3276.这是个分词短语作后置定语修饰前面的“thisorthat”，这里的thisorthat代指食物。convey是表达，不搭配。enter可以表示“输入，记下”，也不和食物搭配。和食物搭配的只有B和D，consume表示，消费或消耗。exhaust表示耗尽。很明显，这里的食物并不会耗尽，所以只能选B选项。这里我们可以回过头来，看一下第68题，文章的主旨是，“Scientistnowfocusonthebroaderpictureofthebalanceoffoodeatenoverseveraldaysoraweek”即“科学家现在注重最近几天内的均衡饮食”，与此能够形成对比的，“单个营养元素的定量摄入”，这里能表达特定量的词只有“certain”或者“specific”，这里用certain更自然，但是没有提供选项，因此就只能选择specific，表示“特定的”。77.需要个形容词，做后置定语，和forgoodhealth搭配，这里只有vital能和for搭配，表示“对…重要”。78.这里是一个Themore…themore的固定表达，表示“越……越……”，这里用amazed表达科研人员，对新发现所产生的“惊奇之感”。79.这里的they表示食物，结合后面的动词，构成定语从句，修饰“必备营养元素”，这里的用contain才能准确达意，“食物包含必备营养元素”80.需要一个动词和with搭配，只能选择A和B，但从语义上判断，必备营养元素之间会相互反应，肯定不会相互干扰。因此只能选择interact。81.这里需要一个介词和track搭配，只有ontherighttrack才符合语法82.这里根据题意，“蔬菜、水果和谷物构成了饭菜的四分之三”，这里makeup表达“构成”之意。83.这里需要一个动词，宾语是“剩余的四分之一”，从语义上理解，我们需要选择“填充”，因此，fillin是符合语法的。84.这里需要一个动词，结合题意，这个空应该表达“不吃”，才能和前面的eat形成对比，这里的avoid，表达避免的意思，比delete（删除）更切题。85.文章在最后一句，要下一个结论，这里用withoutadoubt表达“毫无疑问”，符合题目要求。86.这里需要一个名词，和on搭配，只有impact符合题意。总之，今年四级的完型填空，涉及3处名词，5处介词，7处动词，4处形容词和1处副词。只有1题（第68题）需要整体把握，其余部分只要在句子内部或者句子之间进行上下文逻辑比对或语法搭配，即可完成。PartVITranslation87.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,nordidtheymakeanyexplanation/nordidtheygivethereasonfordoingso(也没有解释为什么).解析：本题考察了两个知识点。①nor的倒装句用法，后半句表示“也不”的否定意义，注意助动词的时态与上半句保持一致；②对某事做出解释的表达，考察了汉译英中动词转名词的技巧，explain→explanation，或者nordidtheygivethereasonfordoingso同样可以。

3388.Janeistiredofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshecouldbeassigned(to)anotherjob（能被分配做另一项工作）解析：本题考察了wish从句的虚拟语气用法（can→could）和“分配某人做某事”的词组搭配，assignsb.tosth.或者assignsb.sth.89.Johnrescuedthedrowningchildattheriskofhisownlife(冒着自己生命危险).解析：本题考察了“冒着…的危险/风险做某事”的词组搭配，可以用attherisk/expenseofone'sownlife（冒着某人的生命危险做某事）90.Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutit①washisassistantwhoanswered/pickedupthephone；②turnedoutthathisassistantanswered/pickedupthephone（接电话的却是他的助手）解析：该句比较灵活，在句法上，既可以使用强调句结构，也可以采用turnout的惯用搭配；在“接电话”的表达上，可以用pickup/answerthephone。强调句结构为itbesb.whodosth.,而turnout变化则较多，可以用turnouttobesb.whodosth.或者turnout+that+从句。91.Althoughhewasinterestedinphilosophy,hisfatherpersuadedhiminto/talkedhiminto（他的父亲说服他）majoringinlaw.解析：本题考察“说服某人做某事”的表达，persuade/talksb.intodoingsth.整体评价：今年6月的翻译题难度适中，89和91题的词组搭配是拿分题，而87题的倒装结构和88题的虚拟语气用法也是广大四级考生的“老朋友”，不熟悉实在说不过去。2010年12月英语四级考试真题答案完整版，CET4真题、答案0X1[(q(Q#h9p7Z.v#F%q)T2M*DPartⅠ2V9f8[  \"[5S2T$~Writing)\;K!T-p#d-Z.L*\7U2QHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentobeIndependent:|7e!w/a;@9T+n;{Nowadays,thereisagrowingconcernoversuchaphenomenon,thatis,someparentstakecareofalmosteverythingconcernedwiththeirchildren,includingstudy,work,marriage.Someparentsbelievethatthisislove,however,itisonlytodestroychildren’sindependencethoroughly.,Z(|-n&f2FForthefutureofthenextgeneration,moreeffortsshouldbemadebyparentstohelptheirchildrentobeindependent.Thefundamentaloneistocultivatetheawareness,namely,theimportanceandnecessityofbeingindependent,whichissupposedtobeginfromchildhood.Childrenshouldbetaughtthatnoonecanbestrongerandmorehelpfulthanthemselvesinthisworld.#v.F$T&M0@2{(R7Q8}"^!h5B

34Thequalityofindependenceissoindispensableforusthatparentshadbetteractasatutor,notadictator.Andonlywithparents’trust,canthenextgenerationaccumulateconfidencestepbystep.2R2]:d*v9V!Q1f2A今年的作文主题非常贴近考生的生活，给了考生很大的发挥空间，擅长写日常生活细节的学生可以写上三五个句子勾勒父母对于子女的过度关爱，而擅长逻辑思考的学生则可以更多地阐述父母怎样的行为才可以培养子女独立的品格，而过度宠爱正导致了独立精神的消失。$`  \/~(X&c(r4]从具体操作的角度来说，对于基础较为薄弱的考生，这次的考试题目是比较容易套用模板的，第一段，把现实状况描述清楚；第二段，写清楚父母亲帮助子女独立的策略；第三段，呼吁父母亲多给自己一些自由。怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点);p-{,T8I.g7f$F沪江考前模板专题里面关于解决问题类作文提到了类似的结构：4H(y(M,i%P:T"TInrecentdays,wehavetofaceaproblem-----A,whichisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.--------(说明A的现状)．9V3o;M,I'i+@'j;S;GConfrontedwithA,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestocopewiththesituation.Foronething,---------------(解决方法一).Foranother-------------(解决方法二).Finally,--------------(解决方法三).  z3Z  n9`0]%F+dPersonally,Ibelievethat-------------(我的解决方法).Consequently,I’mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecause--------------(带来的好处).;b/X4n+N!L.K(\$t像这样子的模板能够帮助无话可说，或者说英语表达能力比较弱的同学迅速找到思路，只需要填入关键的字词就可以完成作文。-S;A;b'N(Q)E但是对于能够用流畅的英语表达自己的思路的同学来说，写作如果希望取得比较高的分数，则需要注意语言必须尽可能简洁才能够在规定字数以内说清楚自己的论点，而句子的表达要求，也从有话可说，上升到言之有理，甚至上升到语言精致优美，内在逻辑严密的高度了。#H*S6Q1R5i(|在我们给出大家的这篇范文里面，三段文字结构清晰，语言简明优美又没有落入模板的窠臼，属于在临场作文中的优秀之作。;G5_)J*d3|#H:Q;Z+m'P,L/uPartⅡ*b(C-q&P)v$qReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）'~6s0o.F3c!`2@1．A)Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.)e9_,o1n(V;U解析：第一段最后一句直接给出关键字profoundbelief,whether引导的从句对应答案中的instinctively9?4s:p6C%d"{:W#k&k2．D)Thingsthatarepurchased.0L1A*Q6Q%u,^7L解析：第二段最后一句，whatisbest对应题目中的prefer,thatistosay作为暗示直接引出之后的thingsthatcanbebought,选择D0^8e(i4y:c3．B)Moreaccesstonaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.)a$I%I%E%C#G8}6M6l解析：题干中有关瑞典研究，定位到第四段第一句，结合语义，不难得出B的正确答案

35.`.w#v2a(U4Y,};l*p$~+_4．D)arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying.O$o$\4N5]$e!U解析：A选项具有干扰性，第三段结尾给出自然熏陶能够提高学生学科水平的线索，但考虑到快速阅读题的传统，即题目顺序对应文章顺序，所以应该定位到第四段之后的内容，即大段有关bullying的段落，得出答案D。3[.j+X5E1K$W5F-Y#O5．B)Providemoregreenspacesforthem."\2~,\%t!x  i4W!Q解析：对应第八段内容，作者通过否定患儿对药物的依赖性来给出自己的建议，结合全文主旨自然环境的重要性，得出B答案*a/},u%\&H8Q6M4X0V*H2P&N6．B)Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.3h*R2~1A  d9z6P解析：第九段第二句点出老龄人口增长的侧重点是在高质量的生活水平上，紧接着又指出绿色的生活方式是达到该种高质量生活水平的最重要因素。  L#F8t3x"U8L4w5d+i7．C)accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence0{%R"W9^$M5r;c解析：十一段引文中canreduceviolentbehavior，直接对应C选项,g$L(D3e;h;n+X+|8．separated9]3f  ~7Q0b0f5u解析：题干是有关人们错误观念的问题，找到倒数第三段的关键段error引导的内容，再对应到humanityandthenaturalworld，得出separated(照抄原文separable与can重复，separable本身词义即能够分离的)8L9@%l5u(b/X9．thewildworld&D9Y9M'|*u,R:G,c,k解析：最后一段第二句直接命中题干，照抄thewildworld即可。&D*M&?8x3D6z10.harmony&W.A)K/`*U*O%[解析：最后几段内容的小标题直接给出harmony#W%k/l:V"o+}7|3P9_'U  g6x9q3~7XPartⅢ6T8b-g0r8C8dListeningComprehension,C2[4y)V"M'`SectionA4J#m+U3V&|,P#l短对话（11~18）:N3A'M-A(E6e答案及解析：4S5~![4c.p8\3F3N8Q11.A)Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.B)Shecan’tstandthehotweather.8`/u!J!U/|)H$AC)Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.D)SheenjoysstayinginWashington.#{'n$q,?$_(F答案：D:d)Y*X6n#V4n)F1V.I4]解析：Woman最后说到I’llbehappyherenomatterwhatthetemperature.这表明了她待在这里很愉快，很享受待在华盛顿，故选D。$@9~/F,Q&Q3^8T.p12.A)Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.7R1K.|9V5J'q2OB)Whatherjobprospectsare.'N-N!K!b(Z  U+o-i&Q:^C)Whatthecustomers’feedbackis.

36!l*y0b:F(N)_:x&R.x;^D)Thedirector’sopinionofherwork.4O$p0G1O$F/a)z4P答案：D!Z(x"e,e/e2Q7S'_解析：Woman说到butIwishthedirectorwouldgivemesomefeedback.这表明了她希望得到director的意见（即反馈），故选D。.`;K  F6\,U(C13.A)Combinehertrainingwithdieting.,|%}&O+Y,V-x)[;|1bB)Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.6N0c,U+@#C  ]%t2@'B:q+gC)Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.3O3Z  c/^+[/uD)Includeweightliftingintheprogram.+i&?:I3d4i/~-h,[答案：C%Q&Z'}#?2g#C+C解析：Man以自己上次因运动（举重）过量而受伤为例，建议女士应该量力而行，避免过量运动，故选C。)}+\8s*X1e9e;c"`14.A)Whenshewillreturnhome.B)Whethershecangobyherself.7_0V9i+x!D.[/LC)Whethershecantravelbyair.D)Whethershewillcompletelyrecover./n!{'Y&~.S)C  m9a#h-M/F"]答案：C;F0}.M  \&]解析：Man开头就说到I’mworriedabouthergoingonaplane.从中可知，他担心的是年老的母亲能不能乘飞机，故选C。4O+N8N&p0G15.A)Thewomanknowshowtodealwiththepolice.#X,v8D2d:w9w0uB)Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.  o9y3o$h+XC)Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.,{'P!h6b8b0b/c1GD)Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcuses./}7|7U&u+c4m!F'A&~,\答案：C6j3u5U/e0P解析：警察开头问到Whydidn’tyoustopwhenwefirstsignaledyouatthecrossroads?通过这句话就可以知道女士没有遵守交通规则，故选C。#~9X+E0|;B#M6D3^7|1w16.A)Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.$W*W;c5g$Y#u#q4]3L(TB)Havesomeonerepairtherefrigerator.-m'|*b1o'K!QC)Askthemantofixtherefrigerator.#G.o:i4y#A8yD)Buyarefrigeratorofbetterquality.;C4}3?1f%z#{)b4m5d4_;P*c&K!I)z3^5i-?/`,k答案：B%T8m5?)r2a  p5B1M,V8]解析：Man说到Maybeyoushouldhaveitfixed，女士回答到You’reright.5y7L(X3b4N)r4L.O这说明女士也同意男士的看法，但并未提到让这个男士来修，故选B。-E4M8M.^8L-e17.A)Heownsapieceoflandinthedowntownarea.9L8d4a-D4})|B)Hehasgotenoughmoneytobuyahouse.

37'I8f8K  L,s(J&H5_2o.{C)Hecanfinallydowhathehasdreamedof./|2T(g,p:T*W,Y/I7oD)Heismovingintoabiggerapartment.9Q5I7]+a*P3w7i2q#y答案：C'h!u5t.y  V解析：Man第二句话说到Now,IhaveenoughmoneytobuythatpieceoflandI’vehadmyeyeonandbuildahouseonit.表明他能实现买地建房的理想了，故选C。!l%Z9Y4d3K7}#{#`9Z3z18.A)Sheisblackandblueallover.&n5k.d-k;b5T*F3oB)Shehastogotoseeadoctor.3{/d%o3e&S.@2}6h0T$WC)Shestayedawayfromworkforafewdays.,w  O*Z4[(T0^D)Shegothurtinanaccidentyesterday..n!|0G0A)N-_&a答案：D&|!w-G2U!E8I1c(I'v解析：Woman说的第一句话是Myhandsstillhurtsfromthefallontheiceyesterday.从中可知这位女士昨天在冰上滑倒受伤了，但是男士认为伤势并不严重，只建议她休养几天就可以了，不必去看医生。C是较强的干扰项，应该是女士现在需要休息而不是过去已经休息了几天，故选D。!Z;X*x6t2S;_对话精析：  _"n9r8k;^'s6t第一个短对话：1J3G6w:b%Z5E&}5R1G谈论天气theheatisunbearable，强调有了华盛顿的museumsandrestaurants，天气再热也无所谓I’llbehappyherenomatterwhatthetemperature./k-k9U%S"Z7Y2A*k学会看看生活中的积极因素，有了博物馆和餐馆，天气再热都热爱华盛顿，这是何等的乐天精神啊！  j$^*l.w2w6?!f第二个短对话：1x%s!e4G4t谈论新工作，I’mlearningalotofnewthings,butIwishthedirectorwouldgivemesomefeedback.我学了很多新东西呢，但是我希望上司能给我点反馈！！！feedback是反馈也是答案的题眼。这位女士想知道什么呢，想知道上司对她的看法嘛！;f$B.j:D9?5S%_6d  c0L第三个短对话：%x6J)K(~'Q*I6S)x关于锻炼身体的，还是关于制定锻炼身体的计划的！Canyouhelpmeworkoutaphysicaltrainingprogram,John?你能帮我制定个锻炼的项目吗？Sure,butwhateveryoudobecarefulnottooverdoit.当然啦，不过不管你做什么，得小心点别过头啊！接下来的句子是举例子LasttimeIhadtwoweeks’worthofweight-liftinginthreedaysandIhurtmyself.上次我三天就完成了两个星期的举重的训练，结果我就受伤了。3R7k'z"C!S!]$s4N"s问题是这个男人要建议这个女人什么？+]  @!L4y6\/[%}&{:l四六级考试委员会一片苦心啊，这里分明在告诫同学们，平时锻炼身体悠着点儿。2h6]3Z  l6];_;k6u/o/V第四个短对话：8o  ^)Y0O  s'I'a这个对话好！弘扬爱护老人的美德的！6W3c(U9G5^-?儿子说，我妈妈年纪大啦，Ihaveanelderlymother然后表达他对妈妈乘飞机的担心I’mworriedabouther

38goingonaplane.Isthereanyrisk?有没有危险啊？;N7c!E!h7R;M#v2d"G接下来，医生的回答，再次体现四六级客观而乐观的精神，Notifherheartisallright.Ifshehasaheartcondition,I’drecommendagainstit.她心脏没问题就没事啊，如果她心脏有问题的话，那我就不建议她去（乘飞机啦）2I0Y6A9y2K-j$R第五个短对话：.[*A'k#E2u%J:}2p交通违规怎么做？！四六级听力教你谦恭有礼做回答。首先，第一句的男士质问，Whydidn’tyoustopwhenwefirstsignaledyouatthecrossroads?我们第一次示意让你在交叉口停车，你干嘛不停呢?(潜台词是，瞧，还不是被我给逮回来训话了么？！在这种情况之下，这位女士态度是诚恳的，Sorry,Iwasjustabitabsent-minded.Anyway,doIhavetopayafine?对不起啊，我有点心不在焉。但不管怎么说，我需要罚款吗?&N;y1W(X5E-q$c-T人嘛，都是有时候情绪化的嘛，并且我认罚，这句子学会了顺便大家开车的素质都提高了哈！!X#L)T#k&Q,_&b#D;i:W第六个短对话：3|)K'Y9V+~)X&|"K1{家庭琐事。/~!k!m#P1W([7L第一个人说，I’mnoexpert我不是专家butthatnoiseinyourrefrigeratordoesn’tsoundright.Maybeyoushouldhaveitfixed.但是你冰箱里面的噪音听起来不大对啊，也许你应该去修理了吧。haveitfixed这个结构是考官们发誓要考生学会的havesthdone的结构。3F/i,V2w3S.o*J+N0c第二个人开腔了，You’reright.对话基调钉牢，我同意你，就是冰箱确实坏了。AndIsupposeI’veputitofflongenough.我恐怕我已经拖得够久了，putoff,另一个考官立誓要教会全中国考生的内容，拖延，putoff,核心之核心。9t'Q1V;Q  J问题，这女的可能会怎么做呢？0m#T5X7e5c她学会了核心单词听懂了整个对话以后，一定会去修冰箱！！并且，这里强调是找人修冰箱，haveitfixed而不是她自己修！shewillfixitherself.){5N6R1m*d  K  [第七个短对话：'h  t$d'A(}买房问题。全国热议啊，考试考到的角度那是真叫一个艺术！'i2H7m${:K'J(K'R$b5q.K我市区的公寓卖得不错！Ididextremelywellonthesaleofmydowntownapartment.也就是说卖了一个好价钱啦！Now,IhaveenoughmoneytobuythatpieceoflandI’vehadmyeyeonandbuildahouseonit.现在，我可有钱买一块我早就看中的地啦，我能建一所房子啦！&A*{%l1Q8~$R#n'R(p偷偷感叹下，这说明了城乡的房价是多么滴有茶具啊！不过考官还是仁慈的，不考那么隐晦的，来个简单的，听到这句话的人呢说Congratulations！Doesthatmeanyou’llbemovingsoon?+f4s3N2\9\0Y5x2S5e;z恭喜你啊，那这是不是说明你很快要搬家了啊？！#Z3X  V;r/|(M/o.P'o问题问我们知道第一个陈述的那个男人什么情况？！简单，字面意思就够你用来解答了，卖公寓了有了钱买地建房子了！

393F%s8Z:k:A&R)@3A9w#H+f第八个短对话：&o1n%O1~;L+J还是运动，不过这里面涉及了一点点西方的固定搭配，blackandblue又黑又蓝，这实际上说的是咱中文里面的，身上摔得又青又紫。,K+f,n;~7g)m(w第一个人是在说她昨天在冰上摔了一跤，手到现在还疼呢，Myhandstillhurtsfromthefallontheiceyesterday.IwonderifIbrokesomething.我想知道我是不是摔坏哪儿了啊#t'I6h7q;}'D#E（Iwonderif这个句型好，走过路过不要错过，IwonderifIcouldgetmarriedwithSisterPhoenix我真想知道我能不能娶凤姐啊？！）7O,k;v8i2U-L.]-y下面这位男士的回答是，I’mnodoctor,butit’snotblackandblueoranything.Maybeyoujustneedtorestitforafewdays.我不是医生，但是如果没有什么又青又紫也没其他问题的话，也许你只是需要休息几天罢了。*_*R8`9D'R1q0m问题，此女发生了什么问题?8g$O  N&b'J"m答案，手摔了，焦虑，问了一男的，这男的很冷静，告诉她没啥事。8o/w.o:y$C/b!_2`9K*V长对话（19~25）+g!t)w;`;p9`5c答案及解析：:?%d)B-|9~)B#`"N"g"t19.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman?"J)R4D9?2i8_  l"F答案：D)Shewasawitnesstothecrime.9Q#[8z0p8P8J/?(B+j+?解析：文中男士需要女士描述一下抢劫银行的人（describethemanwhorobbedthebank）。选项中B提到了robbery，但是对话中没有说明女士是受害者（victim）；D选项提到了她目击了某个犯罪经过，robbery显然是crime的一种。:{5@#k#W0i#g20.Whatdidthesuspectlooklike?/Y*R.f5y  R/m;Q答案：A)Atallmanwithdarkhairandamoustache.)J"T3H*s$T!\,n/f解析：原文中提到Themanwastall,sixfoot,andhehaddarkhair,andhehadmoustache.，对应选项A。8r0k/C/P0`&E21.Whatdidthemanfinallyaskedthewomantodo?4_1o*g-k;I8E/V,|答案：A)Identifythesuspectfrompictures.,x.i9n(o-n0C'O2Q解析：对话结尾处，男士要求女士lookatsomephotographs，很显然，他的目的是让女士通过照片来辨别嫌疑人。因此选择A。-b1m7N/E3o8a&b6j22.Howdidthewomangettoknowaboutthejobvacancy?0l5C9U!|;q答案：A)Byreadinganewspaperad.7z'M  @7b&i$U.d,y)M解析：jobvacancy指空缺的职位。在对话一开始，女士就说到她的目的：I’mcallingaboutthejobthatwasinthepaperlastnight.从这句话中可以看出她得知职位信息的来源是thepaperlastnight，对应A选项。!P)A*e&@+`!R23.Whydidthewomanfindthejobappealing?3{,G6y.c0e(^:l9U6~-t

40答案：B)Shecouldworkclosetoherfamily.&W3m3P1o$B;u*q解析：本题关键词是appealing，意为引起兴趣的。女士提到她喜欢这份工作的原因是beneartothefamily.，close是near的同义替换词，因此选择B选项。7p0N)^3k7I*_/a/v,I#}(W24.WhathadthewomanbeendoinginGeneva?7|5F3o)|-@+S)U2k2n答案：C)Workingasasecretary.)|!i.C9a$o/C解析：女士提到她在日内瓦做了一些secretarialwork，也就是选项C中的secretary。虽然她也提到之前在大学学习，但是她取得的学位是adegreeinEnglish，而非选项D中的adegreeinFrench.!d  C8|2S!G+g9a#i4R25.Whatwasthewomanaskedtodointheend?'e;V$c1v:^9F$E"k4\答案：C)Sendinawrittenapplicationassoonaspossible.2Z;u+k*n8k*k%v![+i:x:D解析：对话中女士希望得到面试机会，但是男士要求先要递交书面申请（replyawritingtotheadvertisement），并不是所有人都能得到面试机会，因此选择答案C。)\9q%h6r7{题材考点分析：5y4c)o5H2T1}长对话第二篇围绕女士求职面试展开，男士问了很多关于女士个人信息的问题，女士做出回答。做题时需要考生把握住对话大意、抓住细节信息以及两人的态度。4S*G  U0u!T  z对话中的考点主要集中在细节、重点一些词组含义，以及同意词组替换。对话中关键信息包括：beenworkinginGeneva,secretarialwork,degreeinEnglish,beneartothefamily,applicationsinwriting等。考题也正是针对这些关键信息出的，在听的时候考察考生对于细节的把握，尤其是叙述相同类型的事情时，更需要记下其中的区别，从而在做题时能够准确的选出选项。如对话中提到女士会French和English，区别是会说French，拿到了degreeinEnglish.6m"J%[-h(?4t/Q其中有几题考察同义词组替换。比如23题中用close替换了near，24题中用secretary替换了secretarialwork。选项中频频出现同义词组替换，由此可见考生平时应该注意积累同一个意思不同的表达法。$x0g)?9],k2F-|另外，从说话的语气和表达情绪的词，也可以听出说话人的态度。比如女士在问到能否安排面试时，男士的回答“Well,I’mafraid…”由此看出男士否定了女士的想法。因此在做题中，很容易地排除了安排面试的选项。'k1A(v;P$H(S总体来说，这篇听力难度中等，关键是要抓住细节。5?!V!_$I9z5w1t2a6\SectionB:u;E&Q(E#\3H!d-\  i+A1]3APassageOne)y-|0v9H8P听力文章分析：1@%L4]0A%@本文难度不大，生词和难词不是很多，关键是整体上的及关键句的理解。先是消防队员在营救火灾中时常遇到小孩对消防队员的设备不熟悉，以为是带着面具的怪兽（monster），从而躲起来，无法得到及时营救而丧失的现象入手，引出EricVelez为了防止此类现象再次发生，在社区里开始对孩子消防知识的教育

41。再举例进一步说明教育性质的演讲在拯救生命的巨大作用。最后再简略地说下此类演讲的其他作用。0I3Y.p;G1f4H1^做题要点：8C5Q4n$p7V.g7L（1）抓关键句。一般篇章类听力，篇幅较长，听的时候一定要学会准确提取有用的信息，如原因目的、结果、数字、开头和结尾部分等。#X9z7S5[*a1C“becausetheythinktheyhaveseenamonster”“Topreventsuchtragedies,firefighterEricVelezgivestalkstochildreninhiscommunity,explainingthattheyshouldneverhideduringafire.”“Butit’safactthatinformativespeakingsaveslives.”“PeteGentryinNorthCarolinarescuedhisbrotherwhoischokingonfood,”“Inadditiontosavinglives,”/y$K:Q1]4}.y这几句就包括了所有题目的答案，只要抓住这几句并理解了其意，题目就不难做出。,S'a.M$Z'^（2）抓住细节，但无需执着于细节。%t#T9T)S%x6U/k/D本文的题目每题都设置了很多细节干扰项。如果太过执着于细节，如frightenedbysmokeandnoise；EricVelezlearntSpanishfromhisimmigrantparents就会使得做题时容易被细节分心，从而无法立即准确地判断和加以选择。1w;K8i-^1Q&A&m5?.J$i5\重点词汇：,O/a'_'d;S6x4z6p"N$n1ifirefighters消防队员monster怪兽、怪物heartbreaks伤心事catchaglimpseof瞥见masked戴面具的oxygenmask氧气面罩informative教育性的，有益的4H-y0k)U+{6V$l答案及解析：5`&W&~2B:e7T/e8l-@6t26.D)Theymistakethefirefightersformonsters.5i2t"o3i8].?8K解析：细节题，从开始whenchildrencatchaglimpseofthemaskedfirefighterbuthidebecausetheythinktheyhaveseenamonster一句中便可得出因为不熟悉消防人员戴面具的形象，孩子们以为来救援的消防人员是怪兽，所以躲起来。所以选D。其他选项文中都没有涉及到。&K(\.Y#Q9^;E27.B)Heoftenteacheschildrenwhattododuringafire.;}"E+Q3]'O解析：本篇文章大篇幅讲的是EricVelez给社区里的孩子讲解消防知识，让他们熟悉消防人员及消防工具的过程。选项A，putoutfire虽然是EricVelez的工作，但是本文重点不是在其消防员救活这个工作上，C、D选项很容易就可以排除。所以选B。0I:\"m4Z'g(_5I28.A)Hesavedthelifeofhisbrotherchokingonfood.$p-x(F$U+K,Q  E%M9T._  f3D7[解析：细节题，从PeteGentryinNorthCarolinarescuedhisbrotherwhoischokingonfood一句便可得出答案，文章中关于PeteGentry的主要信息就是他救了噎着食物的弟弟。所以选A。做题时一定要把人名及其所做的事准确对应起来。4W3\:},}$]5M-j29.D)Informativespeechescansavelives..V2p6x"v8O!X3~解析：主旨题，本文举了一个大例子，一下小例子来证明教育性的演说有救人性命的好处。虽然在文章最后也列举了下其他好处，但是主旨还是拯救生命。所以选D。其他几个选项都主要讲细节处，很容易就可以排除。

42  e,{,J9D8M&}PassageTwo-}:E+D"y  \9}-C(o3D听力文章分析：1t+|+x)j:_8W.k)e.o本篇听力讲述的是截然不同的两种生活态度，一种是“makeandsavealotofmoneyinordertoretireearly”，另一种则是“liveonlyfortoday”，作者在陈述两种不同态度之后，针对两种态度给出了自己的看法“it'sbettertopickthespend-allapproach”。本篇听力不是太难，没有较难的词汇，虽然有几个需要注意的句式，如：“Attheotherextremearepeoplewholiveonlyfortoday.Whybothersaving…”等，但是通过上下文也是不难理解的，而且结构也比较清楚，基本上可以分为三部分：两种不同的态度和作者的观点，所考察的三道题也上针对了这三个主要的点。由此可见，听听力的时候依然首先要从全文来把握，把握文章的要点，在把握要点的基础上，有重点的去听一些细节，如与要点相关的原因和后果，以及作者本人对这些事情的看法，遇到与此相关的信号词或者关键词时就一定要注意重点记忆。$M0l'O9|"H"A$^  L,^答案及解析：*D0s2L+P2N,`'S8a6r-I30.C)Tomakemoneyforearlyretirement.%e8S/U'I*G*b  Z-J解析：本题考察原因，问为什么人们喜欢比较苛求但收入较高的工作，其实听力一开始就用inorderto给出了原因，即：retireearly，所以选C项。!D-O  a:d4c+F"^&^#x3V31.A)Theymayhavetocontinuetoworkinoldage.1^&z4M5r9^1p解析：本题考察后果，问只为当下而活的人面临着什么危险，从“Theearlierneglectofsaving,however,makesitdifficultnottoworkwhenyouareolder.”中可以看出A是正确选项，及在年老时有可能不得不继续工作。.K;\8s1q2P6~7|)o'^32.B)Enjoyingyourselfwhileyoucan.9\+h*Y1B5|"x5t!t,Q0]解析：本课考察文章作者的态度，从“Postponingdoingwhatyouloveandbeingwithpeopleyouloveuntilretirementcanbeamistake.”中可以看出，作者认为想等到退休后再做自己想做的事情以及和自己喜欢的人在一起可能是一种错误，所以选B，即趁着自己还可以的时候要懂得享受生活。"C&D9Z/}8@)p"QPassageThree4[3L#v:D(f听力文章分析："|3M3g1a'T0x8E此篇短文听力难度适中。叙述者，即文中的speaker，通过记叙自己的境遇表达个人观点。三个自然段分别对应文章后的三道题，结构清晰明了，题目答案导向明确。8A9t*T4~,h1D"a第一段通过开篇点题引出本文话题，“以偏概全”着实有失公平；1{"_0O6y1F,I第二段记叙一个发生在GrabenGore饭店的故事，关键句：Anewsigninthewindowtoldthestory.“Nomorethantwostudentsatatime”；8@;J8q3J/i)C!q8c  b%A*B第三段同样是记叙一个发生在药店的故事，故事情节较为简单。$K)z(`3A9^"m;d(j.o此三题听时关键在于抓关键句子，个别人名等不需做过多关注。$H3x#X*a7B2{3g$r答案及解析：/b#u9q$@1~0N:j3G5K+A1}33.C)Innocentpeoplebeingsuspectedgroundlessly。4R3Q5y3q3~0i文章第一段中，由”Howfairwillthat

43be”的前一句和后一句均可推出此答案。前一句即“一个邻居犯了法，所有的邻居们都成了怀疑对象”。后一句即“因为有些学生小偷小摸，所有的学生就都被当成小偷来看待……”，二者表明一个意思，即“无辜者被毫无理由的怀疑属实不公平”。!Z8_)P.e)w#F7R3o%t34.D)Allowingonlytwostudentstoenteratatime。8T4q$w,a!Z7f第一个小故事中的一个关键句后面紧跟答案。该关键句为，”Anewsigninthewindowtoldthestory.”'n/m2b0|:`2W%@"|1s0Y而这个sign的内容就是紧随其后的“Nomorethantwostudentsatatime”."Y1X#A-r#L'u;}&C35.B)Hewascloselywatched.$`,S#S4G+I;f8H此题需要自己稍作总结，最后一个小故事说到文中的“我”去药店，却一直被盯着；此事让“我”很是不满。"h&d2a*h"n*sSectionC#^8^:Q2o%e&v/W$g36.preserve5[5[.^&I.]'U"{.E*^,Z37.appreciate"r6f3B/b;e-f1_1z8W(b38.households3J;I/E-p7n  X4O4s!m  \6A4\39.chat7_5Z.C#f,e5q40.convenient:\#Q  G  {$L'b$g41.rates7i6I+R*?"X8M42.receive6K$L#B%j#a43.submit/K,?2R4`8a2x  |'G'C44.Theyarealsosharinginformationaboutconcertsandsportsevents,aswellasjokesandtheirphilosophiesoflife.&[#q(F'X2l)F45.Ahand-writtennotetoafriendorafamilymemberisthebestwaytocommunicateimportantthoughts.6a-I"R(H(c46.Thiswritingpracticebringsrewardsthatcan’tbeseeninbankaccounts8S%y0@*h:C*Q:}.^.W/R!H,r'L:\!TPartⅣ,t;_3X*A.[+\ReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）-y)O%]&R#k(D*vSectionA"T1}-{:I4F9y;u47.M)raised2n*b8Y7I5\6}:R7['Z48.L)psychological%x&p7J2U6r/g&j*`)H"a4K,P(}49.E)contributions!q2W.}5`4e6a;w+m50.A)abilities#~1u2Q1L(`9e*a51.B)achieve4F)E#C  O2e'P+N&@52.N)smart6~-?1Q-y$v0L53.I)extent)e6F/T6`.^54.J)indicates3y*U"K(A#x

4455.G)essentially0O9D,A2k'b'_0Y)c56.H)eventually4\'x8g8|)d+j.O'p4u47.raise在这里的意思是“养育”，theenvironmentinwhichyouwereraised意思是“你成长的环境”。+M-F3B!b.l!h%a*b,J48."psychologicalactivity"意思是“心理活动”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学”。(y9d%o%M5C49.“makecontributionsto”为固定搭配，意为“为……做贡献”。't*Z%d  K4X6h  j-X50.“abilityto…”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此处，全句意思是“任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的”。*C/n4f#U"[3Q-t9\:E5t51."limitationstowhatyoucanachieve"意思是“对你所能达到的水平的限制”。7L'X7l(^#f.F"Q/G52.此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示“机灵，可爱”。4M7R)\$}6|#U5Z+L53.此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，“totheextent…”译为“……的程度”。&G)O'j!f+M$o:L8h54.indicate意思是“表明，显示”。全句意为“越来越多的科学（现象）表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用”。!G  q$D.a  c$L0v/I6T55.essentially的意思是“实际上，本质上”。全句意为“从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片：相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了”。6|9x/x%F(L7a56.eventually副词，意思是“最终，最后”。$O"u#^9G-o.w'?$gSectionB0|:B!y6U(a2vPassageOne.@-y(U&^6@-`!h8o-`-C57.C)fewindustrialscientistswouldquittoworkinauniversity7{1g$R$L"K,s6\推理题。“one-waystreet”字面意思是“单行道”，含有只能从一个方向前进却很难往相反方向前进的意思，用了比喻用法。文章第二句就解释说明了这个“one-waystreet”在文中的含义。大学里的学者去商界创业的现象不算稀奇，但是反过来就不怎么常见。所以选择C选项。"L;f)l:?+q'P'h7h58.A)keepssomeonefromtakingaction"G(w$?$B,U'F/s+n&Y推理题。“deterrent”有妨碍物的意思。在文中需要通过上下文来理解。单词前的意思是“薪水永远是最大的…因为很多人觉得到大学里工作就会减少工资，从而无法养家糊口。”从后面半句，我们可以推断出deterrent的意思，所以选A选项。*q'O3N'P2|59.B)Herresearchinterests.0A6`5R,o!K(?细节题。答案在Para3Line3可以找到。“Hermainreasonfor…totakeadvantageofthegreatfreedomtochooseresearchquestions.”表明HelenLee换行主要考虑到的是自己可以比较自由地选择研究领域，即个人的研究兴趣。所以选择B选项。'i3E"z!S/D)Z2g/y#\2a60.D)exploitbetterintellectualopportunities#V-?;B&Z#t+o,A细节题。本题比较简单，在Para3最后一句“feltitworthwhileforthegreatintellectual

45opportunities”就可以找到答案。&B(X4R$P9g!@6D8L61.A)Increaseitsgraduates’competitivenessinjobmarket.$X1l6\$j  q2e推理题。本着一题对应一段的一般原则，我们应该在最后一段里找答案。“thedemandforscientistswithawealthofexperienceinindustryin…“thatwillhelpstudentsgetajobwhentheygraduate”段落主要是在讲industrialscientists到大学教学后的主要贡献。所以选择A项。6C8V6L#f-a*z"U4?4|;c:pPassageTwo9M$T'T*M6E:Y  w2b2P62.D)marriagecontributestoagreatdealoflongevity.d6A.?(s-d;X0h!p,P解析：第一段提到“butthebiggestlongevityboostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.”紧接着就说到“Theeffectwasfirstnotedin1958byWilliamFarr,…”。句中的boost和选项D中的contribute有相近的意思，故选择D。"G,Q6c"q+Y/_:{1N63.B)marriagecanhelpmakeupforillheath2v  D7]2K9o3m1B2c7N解析：LindaWaite举例子说到一个有心脏病的已婚男人可以比未婚但是健康的男人多活4年。因此，婚姻可以弥补身体不健康带来的不利因素，故选B。2k%j1b)_7U9D6B64.A)thedisadvantagesofbeingmarried9X'{&j/Y4c解析：flipside的愿意是唱片的另一面，在这里前面已经分析过婚姻的好处，这里指的就是婚姻的反面，故选A。$A!r(p#F1Z65.A)Theyhaveeffectssimilartothoseamarriage.*O,{)j.x'U0q0b解析：第二段最后一句…howallkindsofsocialnetworkshavesimilareffects.故选择A。5R$|#T;@5p#n66.B)Tostayhealthy,oneshouldhaveapropersocialnetwork.+e.r!T%i:T1h解析：最后一段提到如果想生活的更长久到100岁，就要发展自己的社交网络，故选B。!M/D'l4W(E&j*P2U:Z&i&T9lPartⅤ9`4w+?+_;v(zCloze+U0\(H:@,N答案：4T)s5d/K0n.].l-[67.Dcameout%e!d6`.e5b*l8x!\${4X'o68.Cless(k:K%v1i#W#_8x69.Dby'`  ^$t4}+?-I$Y,h)_/W)a70.Aalmost.n!\!e"w9`.U71.Bdeveloped't  T"n:D  V72.Cgrowth.o5Y2f$n*Z73.Blead:Y2U1|&^3[74.Apressure6q3C0H%a*S4^5a!q75.Bservices

461?4{)r#u3X-a,[76.Binto!L'L  y/`;v77.Cdriven:i7S(c9R5g7P*{78.Cwealth/~"|  B'[.Z%e6X%a79.Cunless%k1H!h.d;{$}'w(|$|  I80.Dexpand.S(r,B;J1U  b  z5f'S+C81.Cat,G'`-F1A%t1g-h82.Ccommon8?-m5Q)i,{83.Amajor8w*E,e,V+f6\2N84.Dtrend,b#S8t%[)H5N!?85.Cbut8I3g-i(G,C-|+f86.Bpossibilities8R7I%~8V  f5{7L(I4E解析：2]3S/s3o&q!w67.Dcameout表示出版，公布，这里表示报告的公布。*]3i.H(^;l;^*Q2x68.Cless根据上下文可知这里说的是都市人口的增长，强调之前的少和现在的多，所以用少于更合适。lessthan：少于，不到。3m6k/v1Q*h:C69.Dby在这里表示截止到某时间为止。5s+Q,o/Z  d5b0o70.Aalmost几乎，将近，对前面的解释，说明人口有多少。/`2p2K-z2Z1h%r71.Bdeveloped根据上下文意思，以及后文相对的developingworld可知应该是发达国家，即：developedcountries。4D/f,H4r)u(^)y0x(i72.Cgrowth仔细阅读的话可以发现下文就有答案，这里讲的是都市人口的增长，所以用growth。#a:M(a;\$M*u2M/L6e*Q73.Bleadleadto表示导致，通向，本段末也有出现过，在这里是说都市化有助于社会和经济的进步。:_.j5V"P4i.r74.Apressure从下文的描述可以看出过快的都市化也给城市带来了巨大压力，所以选pressure。;o3J:o2F  ~&U)V75.Bservices服务，城市为人们提供住房和服务。7S:N*K'~)p)Y.a;L76.Binto介词选择，moveinto移入，迁入；固定搭配。1q-V;~$N+Y&I.|5t#\77.Cdriven表示推动，驱动，drivenby由…驱动，由什么原因引起的。7S/c)Y)E,e$^1W2|78.Cwealth财富；socialdivisionanddifferencesinwealth社会分化和财富上的差距。7T7K6\!e(z;V'Z2~:@;a4V4}-P;y79.Cunless除非，这里说的是除非城市规划更好，否则各部分财富分配不均的局面将可能导致犯罪问题。1A.R3I$r'q:r1P80.Dexpand指扩张，expandintoruralareas扩张到农村地区。5U#P5^"J1B+o0j&}81.Catatamuchfasterrate以更快的速度，固定搭配6j8O$t2X5b

4782.Ccommon表示某事件很普遍，平常。从下文的acrossAmerica可知这种情况很普遍很常见。#f,i"?&q0i!D&c+f/m83.Amajormajorcities，大城市，与后文中的smallercities形成对比+p#N:Q.H3Q6S#j,y2E(o+t84.Dtrend趋势，这里是对前面情况的概括，atrendtowardde-urbanization表示一种逆城市化的发展趋势。4Y4u  Y4E1[.G,?1K85.Cbut表示转折，说城市还是有自身优点的，与前面的“逆城市化”形成转折关系。.M4|2e0k%^'L$M86.Bpossibilities可能性，这里表示城市依然能够提供农村所不能提供的机会和可能性。)c#g!N,J"{9`6N-R整篇解析：1[0G)X;t1t/C+F这篇完型填空取材自2009年10月9日的VOASpecialEnglish节目，谈论的是城市发展的问题。从抓主旨的角度来说，这样一篇小小200词的文章，纵览了世界城市发展史，又横览了城市化带来的种种问题，里面的核心论点之间逻辑关联紧密，考生如果没有任何背景知识和推理能力，解题会遇到一定的困难。比如说第二个空格，很多考生在more和less之中犹豫不决，在没有具体背景信息的情况之下，就需要依据上下文的文脉进行推理。既然强调的是城市化的迅速发展，从5%到几乎70%，这个5%前面究竟填入超过还是不到。从作者的叙述语气一致可以推知，他必定在感叹这个变化的巨大，因此前文应该是不到5%。对于into/at这样一些介词小词的考查历来都是完型填空的重点，moveintocities/atafasterrate，这都是比较容易选择的基础搭配。9f+b*r"S6d5B+e5{)T,?;g#x1A,n-}/D:O'h({6SPartⅥ;F2i3X*g7U3T(A'q:v0|Translation-e*q/E*J4j*S5N5j87．___________________(为了确保他参加会议)，Icalledhimupinadvance.%F  r9o0q.@.p*w解析：Inordertoensurehimtoattendthemeeting&v$f:e#U:V)`3fToensurehisattendanceatthemeeting%D$\$Q/T)N,a4E%W【结构分析】本题句子的主干“Icalledhimupinadvance”已经给出，无需翻译，需要翻译部分为“为了确保他能参加会议”。该部分在句子中作目的状语3n/^'?9I4B【考点解释】本题考查是目的状语。①目的状语可以由to/inorderto来引导。②确保ensuresbtodo确保某人做某事，ensuresth确保某事3B7K,c"S!_;Q:_(n3f'Y【原句精释】为了确保他参加会议，我已经提前给他电话了。4g&g.K'A0i+l  N(N88．Thesignificantmuseum________________(据说建成于)aboutahundredyearsago.!Q._*w8J6H8U  V(a解析：issaidtohavebeenbuilt'V0w$T#?5s1w/Q【结构分析】本题句子的主语为thesignificantmuseum，缺谓语，即（据说建成于）5a*~/q(y/o*K&Caboutahundredyearsago为时间状语。&m7]4U4A'd,F&G9f5h"j%z【考点解释】本题重点考查：①被动语态。主语museum与动词build之间为被动关系;

48且bulid这一动作发生在过去。②据说besaidto；besaidto+动词不定式的完成时，表示不定式表示的动作已经完成。&D.v9['~  P/X/a1Y【原句精释】据说这座意义深远的博物馆大约建成于一百年前。-X"u*|.g;z*u1A89．Therewouldbenolifeonearth____________________(没有地球独特的环境)。!D  V%T0n:}$W解析:withoutitsuniqueenvironment  i.D(x'R(G7a4gbutforitsuniqueenvironment8]3G*R0Q+F%R/a【结构分析】本题句子含有Therebe结构。主干完整，there主语，wouldbe谓语，nolife表语，onearth地点状语1j+}0U7a9s(R:y【考点解释】本题重点考查：①without的用法without是介词，后接名词；同时，表示“没有”，除without外，还可用butfor；②单词拼写uniqueadj.独特；environmentn.环境③当名词重复出现时，可适当使用代词，避免重复。%d"|;r!D2L;`【原句精释】没有地球独特的环境，地球上就不会有生命。  X.Q*s$z5M2M,s-O90．______________________________(给游客印象最深的)wasthefriendlinessandwarmthofthelocalpeople..b5[.q9r)Q;N3~*b解析：Whatimpressedthetouristsmost%U0L6s9w"o&z1i(c  G4Q【结构分析】本题句子为主系表结构，主语即考查部分，was系动词，剩余部分为表语。  d+?!?"\3C$C【考点解释】本题重点考查①what引导的主语从句；what可引导句子充当主语；②impress用法给…留下印象impresssb；③最高级的用法most；结合考点②③，可推出“给…印象最深”为impresssbmost2L2j,j"P;h)^【原句精释】当地人的友善与热情给游客们留下了最深的印象。0W!w3u)[,l!F91．Theyrequestedthat___________________________(我借的书还回图书馆)bynextFriday.+`8i)d%?$S!L#y解析：booksIborrowed(should)bereturnedtothelibrary6F#\6[0I!f0?*j5B!e#vI(should)returnthebookIborrowedtothelibrary*W,J  S-S5F*Q【结构分析】本题句子的主干部分分别是they主语，request谓语，后接that引导的宾语从句。(h'|3I"~:U:H【考点解释】①request的用法。requestv.要求；当request表示“要求”时，引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。②定语从句。“我借的书”，thebook(that)Iborrowed；③单词的拼写。归还return，借borrow，图书馆library④本题就此题提供了两个版本的答案，但在表示“规定，规则”时，被动语态更为常用。;p7}$m;N)t6w2h0A9s0{【原句精释】他们要求我在下周五之前把借的书还回图书馆。2010年6月英语四级考试真题

49PartIWriting(30minutes)　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofDueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写　　2.出现这种情况的原因　　3.为了改变这种状况，我认为…　　DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling　　_______________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.　　CaughtintheWeb　　Afewmonthsago,itwasn'tunusualfor47-year-oldCarlaToebetospend15hoursperdayonline.She'dwakeupearly,turnonherlaptopandchatonInternetdatingsitesandinstant-messagingprograms–leavingherbedforonlybriefintervals.Herhouseholdbillspiledup,alongwiththedishesanddirtylaundry,butittooknear-constantcomplaintsfromherfourdaughtersbeforesherealizedshehadaproblem.　　"Iwasstartingtofeellikemywholeworldwasfallingapart–kindofslippingintoadepression,"saidCarla."IknewthatifIdidn'tgetoffthedatingsites,I'djustkeepgoing,"detaching(使脱离)herselffurtherfromtheoutsideworld.　　Toebe'sconclusion:Shefeltlikeshewas"addicted"totheInternet.She'snotalone.　　ConcernaboutexcessiveInternetuseisn'tnew.Asfarbackas1995,articlesinmedicaljournalsandtheestablishmentofaPennsylvaniatreatmentcenterforoverusersgeneratedinterestinthesubject.There'sstillnoconsensusonhowmuchtimeonlineconstitutestoomuchorwhetheraddictionispossible.　　ButasrelianceontheWebgrows,therearesignsthatthequestionisgettingmoreseriousattention:Lastmonth,astudypublishedinCNSSpectrumsclaimedtobethefirstlarge-scalelookatexcessiveInternetuse.TheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationmayconsiderlistingInternetaddictioninthenexteditionofitsdiagnosticmanual.AndscoresofonlinediscussionboardshavepoppeduponwhichpeoplediscussnegativeexperiencestiedtotoomuchtimeontheWeb.　　"There'snoquestionthatthere'repeoplewho'reseriouslyintroublebecausethey'reoverdoingtheir

50Internetinvolvement,"saidpsychiatrist(精神科医生)IvanGoldberg.Goldbergcallstheproblemadisorderratherthanatrueaddiction.　　JonathanBishop,aresearcherinWalesspecializinginonlinecommunities,ismoreskeptical."TheInternetisanenvironment,"hesaid."Youcan'tbeaddictedtotheenvironment."Bishopdescribestheproblemassimplyamatterofpriorities,whichcanbesolvedbyencouragingpeopletoprioritizeotherlifegoalsandplansinplaceoftimespentonline.　　ThenewCNSSpectrumsstudywasbasedonresultsofanationwidetelephonesurveyofmorethan2,500adults.Likethe2005survey,thisonewasconductedbyStanfordUniversityresearchers.About6%ofrespondentsreportedthat"theirrelationshipssufferedbecauseofexcessiveInternetuse."About9%attemptedtoconceal"nonessentialInternetuse,"andnearly4%reportedfeeling"preoccupiedbytheInternetwhenoffline."　　About8%saidtheyusedtheInternetasawaytoescapeproblems,andalmost14%reportedthey"foundithardtostayawayfromtheInternetforseveraldaysatatime."　　"TheInternetproblemisstillinitsinfancy,"saidEliasAboujaoude,aStanfordprofessor.Nosingleonlineactivityistoblameforexcessiveuse,hesaid."They'reonlineinchatrooms,checkinge-mail,orwritingblogs.[Theproblemis]notlimitedtoporn(色情)orgambling"websites.　　ExcessiveInternetuseshouldbedefinednotbythenumberofhoursspentonlinebut"intermsoflosses,"saidMaressaOrzack,aHarvardUniversityprofessor."Ifit'saloss[where]you'renotgettingtowork,andfamilyrelationshipsarebreakingdownasaresult,thenit'stoomuch."　　Sincetheearly1990s,severalclinicshavebeenestablishedintheU.S.totreatheavyInternetusers.TheyincludetheCenterforInternetAddictionRecoveryandtheCenterforInternetBehavior.　　ThewebsiteforOrzack'scenterliststhefollowingamongthepsychologicalsymptomsofcomputeraddiction:　　●Havingasenseofwell-being(幸福)orexcitementwhileatthecomputer.　　●Longingformoreandmoretimeatthecomputer.　　●Neglectoffamilyandfriends.　　●Feelingempty,depressedorirritablewhennotatthecomputer.　　●Lyingtoemployersandfamilyaboutactivities.　　●Inabilitytostoptheactivity.　　●Problemswithschoolorjob.　　Physicalsymptomslistedincludedryeyes,backaches,skippingmeals,poorpersonalhygiene(卫生)andsleepdisturbances.　　PeoplewhostrugglewithexcessiveInternetusemaybedepressedorhaveothermooddisorders,Orzack

51said.WhenshediscussesInternethabitswithherpatients,theyoftenreportthatbeingonlineoffersa"senseofbelonging,andescape,excitement[and]fun,"shesaid."Somepeoplesayrelief…becausetheyfindthemselvessorelaxed."　　SomepartsoftheInternetseemtodrawpeopleinmorethanothers.Internetgamersspendcountlesshourscompetingingamesagainstpeoplefromallovertheworld.Onesuchgame,calledWorldofWarcraft,iscitedonmanysitesbyposterscomplainingofa"gamingaddiction."　　AndrewHeidrich,aneducationnetworkadministratorfromSacramento,playsWorldofWarcraftforabouttwotofourhourseveryothernight,butthat'snothingcomparedwiththe40to60hoursaweekhespentplayingonlinegameswhenhewasincollege.Hecutbackonlyafterafull-scalefamilyintervention(干预),inwhichrelativestoldhimhe'dgainedweight.　　"There'sthiswholecultureofcompetitionthatsuckspeoplein"withonlinegaming,saidHeidrich,nowafatheroftwo."Peopledoitattheexpenseofeverythingthatwasaconstantintheirlives."Heidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussgamingaddictionregularly"toremindmyselftokeepmyloveforonlinegamesincheck."　　ToebealsoregularlyvisitsasitewherepostersdiscussInternetoveruse.InAugust,whenshefirstrealizedshehadaproblem,shepostedamessageonaYahooInternetaddictiongroupwiththesubjectline:"IhaveanInternetAddiction."　　"I'mself-employedandneedtheInternetformywork,butI'mfailingtoaccomplishmywork,totakecareofmyhome,togiveattentiontomychildren,"shewroteinamessagesenttothegroup."Ihavenomoneyorinsurancetogetprofessionalhelp;Ican'tevenpaymymortgage(抵押贷款)andfacelosingeverything."　　Sincethen,Toebesaid,shehaskeptherpromisetoherselftocutbackonherInternetuse."Ihaveaboyfriendnow,andI'mnotinterestedinonlinedating,"shesaidbyphonelastweek."It'salotbetternow."　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。　　1.WhateventuallymadeCarlaToeberealizeshewasspendingtoomuchtimeontheInternet?　　A)Herdaughter'srepeatedcomplaints.　　B)Fatigueresultingfromlackofsleep.　　C)Thepoorlymanagedstateofherhouse.　　D)Thehighfinancialcostsaddingup.　　2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutexcessiveInternetuse?　　A)Peopleshouldbewarnedofitsharmfulconsequences.　　B)Ithasbecomevirtuallyinevitable.　　C)Ithasbeensomewhatexaggerated.　　D)Peoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition.　　3.JonathanBishopbelievesthattheInternetoveruseproblemcanbesolvedifpeople______.

52　　A)trytoimprovetheInternetenvironment　　B)becomeawareofitsseriousconsequences　　C)canrealizewhatisimportantinlife　　D)canreachaconsensusonitsdefinition　　4.AccordingtoProfessorMaressaOrzack,Internetusewouldbeconsideredexcessiveif______.　　A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships　　B)onevisitedpornwebsitesfrequently　　C)toomuchtimewasspentinchatrooms　　D)peoplegotinvolvedinonlinegambling　　5.AccordingtoOrzack,peoplewhostrugglewithheavyrelianceontheInternetmayfeel______.　　A)discouraged　　B)pressured　　C)depressed　　D)puzzled　　6.WhydidAndreHeidrichcutbackonlinegaming?　　A)Hehadlostalotofmoney.　　B)Hisfamilyhadintervened.　　C)Hehadoffendedhisrelatives.　　D)Hiscareerhadbeenruined.　　7.AndrewHeidrichnowvisitswebsitesthatdiscussonlinegamingaddictionto______.　　A)improvehisonlinegamingskills　　B)curbhisdesireforonlinegaming　　C)showhowgoodheisatonlinegaming　　D)exchangeonlinegamingexperience　　8.Inoneofthemessagesshepostedonawebsite,Toebeadmittedthatshe______.　　9.ExcessiveInternetusehadrenderedToebesopoorthatshecouldn'taffordtoseek______.　　10.Nowthatshe'sgotaboyfriend,Toebeisnolongercrazyabout______.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron

53AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　11.A)Hehasprovedtobeabetterreaderthanthewoman.　　B)Hehasdifficultyunderstandingthebook.　　C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.　　D)Hecannotfinishhisassignmentbeforethedeadline.　　12.A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.　　B)Themanshouldbuyacarofhisown.　　C)Themanneedn'tgoshoppingeveryweek.　　D)Shecanpickthemanupatthegrocerystore.　　13.A)Getmorefoodanddrinks.　　B)Askhisfriendtocomeover.　　C)Tidyuptheplace.　　D)Holdaparty.　　14.A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.　　B)HecouldchangehisscheduletomeetJohnSmith.　　C)Thefirst-roundtalksshouldstartassoonaspossible.　　D)ThewomanshouldcontactJohnSmithfirst.　　15.A)Heunderstandsthewoman'sfeelings.　　B)Hehasgonethroughasimilarexperience.　　C)Thewomanshouldhavegoneonthefieldtrip.　　D)Theteacherisjustfollowingtheregulations.　　16.A)Shewillmeetthemanhalfway.　　B)ShewillaskDavidtotalkless.　　C)Sheissorrythemanwillnotcome.　　D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.　　17.A)FewstudentsunderstandProf.Johnson'slectures.　　B)FewstudentsmeetProf.Jonson'srequirements.　　C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson'slecturesboring.　　D)ManystudentshavedroppedProf.Johnson'sclass.　　18.A)Checktheircomputerfiles.　　B)Makesomecomputations.

54　　C)Studyacomputerprogram.　　D)Assembleacomputer.　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A)Itallowshimtomakealotoffriends.　　B)Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.　　C)Itenableshimtoapplytheorytopractice.　　D)Ithelpshimunderstandpeoplebetter.　　20.A)Itisintellectuallychallenging.　　B)Itrequireshimtodowashing-upallthetime.　　C)Itexposeshimtooilysmokealldaylong.　　D)Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience.　　21.A)Inahospital.　　B)Atacoffeeshop.　　C)Atalaundry.　　D)Inahotel.　　22.A)Gettingalongwellwithcolleagues.　　B)Payingattentiontoeverydetail.　　C)Planningeverythinginadvance.　　D)Knowingtheneedsofcustomers.　　Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.　　B)TheannualinflationrateinBritain.　　C)ThethingsBritishchildrenspendmoneyon.　　D)TherisingcostofraisingachildinBritain.　　24.A)Itenableschildrentolivebetter.　　B)Itgoesdownduringeconomicrecession.　　C)Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.　　D)Ithasgoneup25%inthepastdecade.　　25.A)Saveupfortheirfutureeducation.　　B)Payforsmallpersonalthings.　　C)Buytheirownshoesandsocks.　　D)Makedonationswhennecessary.来源:考试大-英语四级考试SectionB

55　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　PassageOne　　Questions26to29arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　26.A)Districtmanagers.　　B)Regularcustomers.　　C)Salesdirectors.　　D)Seniorclerks.　　27.A)Thesupportprovidedbytheregularclients.　　B)Theinitiativeshownbythesalesrepresentatives.　　C)Theurgencyofimplementingthecompany'splans.　　D)Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers.　　28.A)Someofthemwerepolitical-minded.　　B)Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale.　　C)Onethirdofthemwereseniormanagers.　　D)Mostofthemwereratherconservative.　　29.A)Heusedtoomanyquotations.　　B)Hewasnotgendersensitive.　　C)Hedidnotkeeptothepoint.　　D)Hespenttoomuchtimeondetails.　　PassageTwo　　Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　30.A)Stateyourproblemtotheheadwaiter.　　B)Demandadiscountonthedishesordered.　　C)Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly.　　D)Askthenameofthepersonwaitingonyou.　　31.A)Youproblemmaynotbeunderstoodcorrectly.　　B)Youdon'tknowifyouarecomplainingattherighttime.　　C)Yourcomplaintmaynotreachthepersonincharge.　　D)Youcan'ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting.

56　　32.A)Demandapromptresponse.　　B)Provideallthedetails.　　C)Senditbyexpressmail.　　D)Sticktothepoint.　　PassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　33.A)Fashiondesigner　　B)Architect.　　C)Cityplanner.　　D)Engineer.　　34.A)Dosomevolunteerwork.　　B)Getawell-paidpart-timejob.　　C)Workflexiblehours.　　D)Gobacktoherpreviouspost.　　35.A)Fewbaby-sitterscanbeconsideredtrustworthy.　　B)Itwilladdtothefamily'sfinancialburden.　　C)Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.　　D)Thechildrenwon'tgetalongwithababy-sitter.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Almosteverychild,onthefirstdayhesetsfootinaschoolbuilding,issmarter,more(36)______,lessafraidofwhathedoesn'tknow,betteratfindingand(37)______thingsout,moreconfident,resourceful(机敏的),persistentand(38)______thanhewilleverbeagaininhisschooling–or,unlessheisvery(39)______andverylucky,fortherestofhislife.Already,bypayingcloseattentiontoand(40)______withtheworldandpeoplearoundhim,andwithoutanyschool-type(41)______instruction,hehasdoneataskfarmoredifficult,complicatedand(42)______thananythinghewillbeaskedtodoinschool,orthananyofhisteachershasdoneforyears.Hehassolvedthe(43)______oflanguage.Hehasdiscoveredit–babiesdon'tevenknowthat

57languageexists–and(44)________________________________________________.Hehasdoneitbyexploring,byexperimenting,bydevelopinghisownmodelofthegrammaroflanguage,(45)________________________________________________untilitdoeswork.Andwhilehehasbeendoingthis,hehasbeenlearningotherthingsaswell,(46)________________________________________________,andmanythataremorecomplicatedthantheonestheydotrytoteachhim.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Whenwethinkofgreenbuildings,wetendtothinkofnewones–thekindofhigh-tech,solar-paneledmasterpiecesthatmakethecoversofarchitecturemagazines.ButtheU.S.hasmorethan100millionexistinghomes,anditwouldbe_incredibly_47__wastefultotearthemalldownand__4protect8__themwithgreenerversions.Anenormousamountofenergyandresourceswentintotheconstructionofthosehouses.Anditwouldtakeanaverageof65yearsforthe__vast9__carbonemissionsfromanewenergy-efficienthometomakeupfortheresourceslostbydestroyinganoldone.Sointhebroadestaccommodations__50__,thegreenesthomeistheonethathasalreadybeenbuilt.Butatthesametime,nearlyhalfofU.S.carbonemissionscomefromheating,coolingand_powering_51__ourhomes,officesandotherbuildings."Youcan'tdealwithclimatechangewithoutdealingwithexistingbuildings,"saysRichardMoe,thepresidentoftheNationalTrust.　　Withsome__52__,theoldesthomestendtobetheleastenergy-efficient.Housesbuiltbefore1939useabout50%moreenergypersquarefootthanthosebuiltafter2000,mainlyduetothetinycracksandgapsthat_replace_53__overtimeandletinmoreoutsideair.　　Fortunately,therearea__clumsy54__numberofrelativelysimplechangesthatcangreenolderhomes,fromhistoric__55__oneslikeLincoln'sCottagetoyourownpostwarhome.Andefficiencyupgrades(升级)cansavemorethanjusttheearth;theycanhelp_supplying__propertyownersfromrisingpowercosts.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)accommodationsB)clumsyC)doubtfulD)exceptionsE)expandF)historicG)incrediblyH)poweringI)protectJ)reducedK)replaceL)senseM)shiftedN)supplyingO)vastSectionB

58　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Youneverseehim,butthey'rewithyoueverytimeyoufly.Theyrecordwhereyouaregoing,howfastyou'retravelingandwhethereverythingonyourairplaneisfunctioningnormally.Theirabilitytowithstandalmostanydisastermakesthemseemlikesomethingoutofacomicbook.They'reknownastheblackbox.　　Whenplanesfallfromthesky,asaYemeniairlinerdidonitswaytoComorosIslandsintheIndiaoceanJune30,2009,theblackboxisthebestbetforidentifyingwhatwentwrong.SowhenaFrenchsubmarine(潜水艇)detectedthedevice'shomingsignalfivedayslater,thediscoverymarkedahugesteptowarddeterminingthecauseofatragedyinwhich152passengerswerekilled.　　In1958,AustralianscientistDavidWarrendevelopedaflight-memoryrecorderthatwouldtrackbasicinformationlikealtitudeanddirection.Thatwasthefirstmodeforablackbox,whichbecamearequirementonallU.S.commercialflightsby1960.Earlymodelsoftenfailedtowithstandcrashes,however,soin1965thedevicewascompletelyredesignedandmovedtotherearoftheplane–thearealeastsubjecttoimpact–fromitsoriginalpositioninthelandingwells(起落架舱).Thesameyear,theFederalAviationAuthorityrequiredthattheboxes,whichwereneveractuallyblack,bepaintedorangeoryellowtoaidvisibility.　　Modernairplaneshavetwoblackboxes:avoicerecorder,whichtrackspilots'conversations,andaflight-datarecorder,whichmonitorsfuellevels,enginenoisesandotheroperatingfunctionsthathelpinvestigatorsreconstructtheaircraft'sfinalmoments.Placedinaninsulated(隔绝的)caseandsurroundedbyaquarter-inch-thickpanelsofstainlesssteel,theboxescanwithstandmassiveforceandtemperaturesupto2,000℉.Whensubmerged,they'realsoabletoemitsignalsfromdepthsof20,000ft.ExpertsbelievetheboxesfromAirFranceFlight447,whichcrashednearBrazilonJune1,2009,areinwaternearlythatdeep,butstatisticssaythey'restilllikelytoturnup.Intheapproximately20deep-seacrashesoverthepast30years,onlyoneplane'sblackboxeswereneverrecovered.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　57.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheblackbox?　　A)Itensuresthenormalfunctioningofanairplane.　　B)Theideaforitsdesigncomesfromacomicbook.　　C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.　　D)Itisanindispensabledeviceonanairplane.　　58.WhatinformationcouldbefoundfromtheblackboxontheYemeniairliner?

59　　A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.　　B)Thetotalnumberofpassengersonboard.　　C)Thesceneofthecrashandextentofthedamage.　　D)Homingsignalssentbythepilotbeforethecrash.　　59.Whywastheblackboxredesignedin1965?　　A)Newmaterialsbecameavailablebythattime.　　B)Toomuchspacewasneededforitsinstallation.　　C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.　　D)Theearlymodelsdidn'tprovidetheneededdata.　　60.WhydidtheFederalAviationAuthorityrequiretheblackboxesbepaintedorangeoryellow?　　A)Todistinguishthemfromthecolouroftheplane.　　B)Tocautionpeopletohandlethemwithcare.　　C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.　　D)Toconformtointernationalstandards.　　61.WhatdoweknowabouttheblackboxesfromAirFranceFlight447?　　A)Thereisstillagoodchanceoftheirbeingrecovered.　　B)Thereisanurgentneedforthemtobereconstructed.　　C)Theyhavestoppedsendinghomingsignals.　　D)TheyweredestroyedsomewherenearBrazil.PassageTwo　　Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　The$11billionself-helpindustryisbuiltontheideathatyoushouldturnnegativethoughtslike"Ineverdoanythingright"intopositiveoneslike"Icansucceed."ButwaspositivethinkingadvocateNormanVincentPealeright?Istherepowerinpositivethinking?　　ResearchersinCanadajustpublishedastudyinthejournalPsychologicalSciencethatsaystryingtogetpeopletothinkmorepositivelycanactuallyhavetheoppositeeffect:itcansimplyhighlighthowunhappytheyare.　　Thestudy'sauthors,JoanneWoodandJohnLeeoftheUniversityofWaterlooandElainePerunovicoftheUniversityofNewBrunswick,beginbycitingolderresearchshowingthatwhenpeoplegetfeedbackwhichtheybelieveisoverlypositive,theyactuallyfeelworse,notbetter.IfyoutellyourdimfriendthathehasthepotentialofanEinstein,you'rejustunderlininghisfaults.Inone1990sexperiment,ateamincludingpsychologistJoelCooperofPrincetonaskedparticipantstowriteessaysopposingfundingforthedisabled.Whentheessayistswerelaterpraisedfortheirsympathy,theyfeltevenworseaboutwhattheyhadwritten.

60　　Inthisexperiment,Wood,LeeandPerunovicmeasured68students'self-esteem.Theparticipantswerethenaskedtowritedowntheirthoughtsandfeelingsforfourminutes.Every15seconds,onegroupofstudentsheardabell.Whenitrang,theyweresupposedtotellthemselves,"Iamlovable."　　Thosewithlowself-esteemdidn'tfeelbetteraftertheforcedself-affirmation.Infact,theirmoodsturnedsignificantlydarkerthanthoseofmembersofthecontrolgroup,whoweren'turgedtothinkpositivethoughts.　　Thepaperprovidessupportfornewerformsofpsychotherapy(心理治疗)thaturgepeopletoaccepttheirnegativethoughtsandfeelingsratherthanfightthem.Inthefighting,wenotonlyoftenfailbutcanmakethingsworse.Meditation(静思)techniques,incontrast,canteachpeopletoputtheirshortcomingsintoalarger,morerealisticperspective.Callitthepowerofnegativethinking.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraphabouttheself-helpindustry?　　A)Itisahighlyprofitableindustry.　　B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking.　　C)ItwasestablishedbyNormanVincentPeale.　　D)Ithasyieldedpositiveresults.　　63.WhatisthefindingoftheCanadianresearchers?　　A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmanydomoreharmthangood.　　B)Therecanbenosimpletherapyforpsychologicalproblems.　　C)Unhappypeoplecannotthinkpositively.　　D)Thepowerofpositivethinkingislimited.　　64.Whatdoestheauthormeanby"…you'rejustunderlininghisfaults"(Line4,Para.3)?　　A)Youarenottakinghismistakesseriouslyenough.　　B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted.　　C)Youareemphasizingthefactthatheisnotintelligent.　　D)Youaretryingtomakehimfeelbetterabouthisfaults.　　65.WhatdowelearnfromtheexperimentofWood,LeeandPerunovic?　　A)Itisimportantforpeopletocontinuallyboosttheirself-esteem.　　B)Self-affirmationcanbringapositivechangetoone'smood.　　C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem.　　D)Peoplewithlowself-esteemseldomwritedowntheirtruefeelings.　　66.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?　　A)Theeffectsofpositivethinkingvaryfrompersontoperson.　　B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy.

61　　C)Differentpeopletendtohavedifferentwaysofthinking.　　D)Peoplecanavoidmakingmistakesthroughmeditation.PartVCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。　　Theterme-commercereferstoallcommercialtransactionsconductedovertheInternet,includingtransactionsbyconsumersandbusiness-to-businesstransactions.Conceptually,e-commercedoesnot__67__fromwell-knowncommercialofferingssuchasbankingbyphone,"mailorder"catalogs,orsendingapurchaseordertosupplier__68__fax.E-commercefollowsthesamemodel__69__inotherbusinesstransactions;thedifference__70__inthedetails.　　Toaconsumer,themostvisibleformofe-commerceconsists__71__onlineordering.Acustomerbeginswithacatalogofpossibleitems,__72__anitem,arrangesaformofpayment,and__73__anorder.Insteadofaphysicalcatalog,e-commercearrangesforcatalogstobe__74__ontheInternet.Insteadofsendinganorderonpaperorbytelephone,e-commercearrangesfororderstobesent__75__acomputernetwork.Finally,insteadofsendingapaperrepresentationofpaymentsuchasacheck,e-commerce__76__onetosendpaymentinformationelectronically.　　Inthedecade__77__1993,e-commercegrewfroman__78__novelty(新奇事物)toamainstreambusinessinfluence.In1993,few__79__hadawebpage,and__80__ahandfulallowedonetoorderproductsorservicesonline.Tenyears__81__,bothlargeandsmallbusinesseshadwebpages,andmost__82__userswiththeopportunitytoplaceanorder.__83__,manybanksaddedonlineaccess,__84__onlinebankingandbillpayingbecame__85__.Moreimportantly,thevalueofgoodsandservices__86__overtheInternetgrewdramaticallyafter1997.　　67.A)distractB)descendC)differD)derive　　68.A)withB)viaC)fromD)off　　69.A)appearedB)usedC)resortedD)served　　70.A)situatesB)liesC)rootsD)locates　　71.A)onB)ofC)forD)to　　72.A)reflectsB)detectsC)protectsD)selects　　73.A)sendsinB)putsoutC)standsforD)carriesaway　　74.A)visibleB)responsibleC)feasibleD)sensible　　75.A)besideB)overC)beyondD)up

62　　76.A)appealsB)admitsC)advocatesD)allows　　77.A)afterB)behindC)untilD)toward　　78.A)optionalB)invalidC)occasionalD)insignificant　　79.A)communitiesB)corpsC)corporationsD)compounds　　80.A)largelyB)slightlyC)solelyD)only　　81.A)latelyB)laterC)lateD)latter　　82.A)offeredB)convincedC)equippedD)provided　　83.A)InsteadB)NeverthelessC)HoweverD)Besides　　84.A)andB)orC)butD)though　　85.A)differentB)flexibleC)widespreadD)productive　　86.A)acquiredB)adaptedC)practicedD)proceededPartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。　　87.Becauseofthenoiseoutside,Nancyhadgreatdifficulty__________________(集中注意力在实验上).　　88.Themanagerneverlaughed;neither__________________(她也从来没有发过脾气).　　89.Welookforwardto__________________(被邀请出席开幕式).　　90.Itissuggestedthattheairconditioner__________________(要安装在窗户旁).　　91.The16-year-oldgirldecidedtotravelabroadonherowndespite__________________(她父母的强烈反对).　作文范文：　　DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling　　CorrectspellingisabasicskillinEnglishstudy.However,nowadaysmanystudentsdonotpaymuchattentiontoit.　　Theyhavetheirownreasonsformisspelling.Firstofall,theylikeaneasywayofstudying,whichcausessomeomissionsandchangesinspelling.Second,theteachersmightnotbeverystrictinstudents’spelling.InChina,teachersseemtobemoreconcernedwithgrammarandvocabularybutnotspelling.　　Tochangethissituation,inmyopinion,theteachersandthestudentsshouldworktogether.Ononeand,theteachersshouldgivemoreattentiontostudents’spelling,askingthestudentstobeconsciousoftheimportanceofcorrectspellingfromtheverybeginningoftheirEnglishstudy.Ontheotherhand,thestudentsthemselvesaresupposedtobeawarethatcorrectspellingisamustinEnglishstudy.

63　　Tosumup,correctspellingissoimportantthatbothstudentsandtheteachersshouldsparenoeffortstoachievecorrectspelling.2010年6月大学英语四级答案　　1.A)herdaughters'repeatedcomplains　　2.D)Peoplehaven'tyetreachedagreementonitsdefinition　　3.C)canrealizewhatisimportantinlife　　4.A)itseriouslyaffectedfamilyrelationships　　5.C)depressed　　6.B)Hisfamilyhadintervened　　7.B)curbhisdesireforonlinegaming　　8.hadanInternetaddiction　　9.professionalhelp　　10.onlinedating　　听力答案　　SectionA　　shortconversation　　11.C)Hecannotgetaccesstotheassignedbook.　　12.A)Shewilldrivethemantothesupermarket.　　13.C)Tidyuptheplace.　　14.A)ThetalkscanbeheldanydayexceptthisFriday.　　15.A)Heunderstandsthewoman’sfeelings.　　16.D)ShehastoinviteDavidtotheparty.　　17.C)ManystudentsfindProf.Johnson’slecturesboring.　　18.D)Assembleacomputer.　　longconversation　　19.B)Itrequireshimtoworklonghours.　　20.D)Itdemandsphysicalenduranceandpatience.　　21.D)Inahotel.　　22.B)Payingattentiontoeverydetail.　　23.A)ThepocketmoneyBritishchildrenget.　　24.C)Itoftenriseshigherthaninflation.　　25.B)Payforsmallpersonalthings.　　SectionB

64　　Passage1　　26.B)Districtmanagers　　27.D)Theimportantpartplayedbydistrictmanagers　　28.B)Fiftypercentofthemwerefemale　　29.B)Hewasnotgendersensitive　　Passage2　　30.C)Asktoseethemanagerpolitelybutfirmly　　31.D)Youcan’ttellhowthepersononthelineisreacting　　32.D)Sticktothepoint　　Passage3　　33.B)Architect　　34.A)Dosomevolunteerwork.　　35.C)Ababy-sitterisnoreplacementforamother.　　SectionC　　36.curious37.figuring　　38.independent　　39.unusual　　40.interacting　　41.formal　　42.abstract　　43.mystery　　44.hehasfoundouthowitworksandlearnttouseitappropriately　　45.bytryingitoutandseeingwhetheritworks,bygraduallychangingitandrefiningit　　46.includingmanyoftheconceptsthattheschoolsthinkonlytheycanteachhim　　仔细阅读答案　　SectionA　　47.Gincredibly　　48.Kreplace　　49.Jreduced　　50.Lsense　　51.Hpowering　　52.Dexceptions

65　　53.Eexpand　　54.Ovast　　55.Fhistoric　　56.Iprotect　　SectionB　　Passage1　　57.C)Itsabilitytowardoffdisastersisincredible.　　58.A)Dataforanalyzingthecauseofthecrash.　　59.C)Theearlymodelsoftengotdamagedinthecrash.　　60.C)Tomakethemeasilyidentifiable.　　61.A)Thereisstillagoodchancefortheirbeingrecovered.　　Passage2　　62.B)Itisbasedontheconceptofpositivethinking　　63.A)Encouragingpositivethinkingmaydomoreharmthangood　　64.B)Youarepointingouttheerrorshehascommitted　　65.C)Forcingapersontothinkpositivethoughtsmaylowertheirself-esteem　　66.B)Meditationmayprovetobeagoodformofpsychotherapy　　完型答案　　67.B)differ　　68.B)via　　69.B)used　　70.B)lies　　71.B)of　　72.D)selects　　73.A)sendsin　　74.A)visible　　75.C)beyond　　76.D)allows　　77.B)behind　　78.D)insignificant　　79.C)corporations　　80.D)only　　81.B)later

66　　82.D)provided　　83.D)besides　　84.A)and　　85.C)widespread　　86.A)acquired　　翻译答案　　87.(in)concentratingontheexperiment/focusingherattentionontheexperiment.　　88.didshebecomeangry/didshelosehertemperbefore.　　89.beinginvitedtoattendtheopeningceremony.　　90.(should)befixed/installedbythewindow　　91.thestrongoppositionofherparents/herparents’strongopposition.2009年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案　　PartⅠWriting(30minutes)　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。　　Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofCreatingaGreenCampus.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:　　1.建设绿色校园很重要　　2.绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境……　　3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该……　　CreatingaGreenCampus　　PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)　　Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.Collegestakinganotherlookatvalueofmerit-basedaid　　Goodgradesandhightestsscoresstillmatter—alot—tomanycollegesastheyawardfinancialaid.　　Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownas“meritaid”,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.

67　　GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,saidlastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(接受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.　　Now,HamiltonCollegeinClinton,N.Y.,saysitwillphaseoutmeritscholarshipsaltogether.Nocurrentmerit-aidrecipientswilllosetheirscholarships,butneed-basedaidalonewillbeawardedbeginningwithstudentsenteringinfall2008.　　Notallcollegesoffermeritaid;generally,themoreselectiveaschool,thelesslikelyitistodoso.HarvardandPrinceton,forexample,offergenerousneed-basedpackages,butmanyfamilieswhodon’tmeetneedeligibility(资格)havebeenwillingtopaywhatevertheymustforabig-nameschool.　　Forsmallregionalcollegesthatstrugglejusttofillseats,meritaidcanbeanimportantrevenue-builderbecausemanyrecipientsstillpayenoughtuitiondollarsoverandabovethescholarshipamounttokeeptheinstitutionrunning.　　Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofits.“They’retryingtobuystudents,”saysSkidmoreCollegeeconomistSandyBaum.　　Studiesshowmeritaidalsotendstobenefitdisproportionatelystudentswhocouldaffordtoenrollwithoutit.　　“Aswelooktothefuture,weseeamorepressingneedtoinvestinneed-basedaid,”saysMonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,whichhasofferedmeritscholarshipsfor10years.Duringthattime,itroseinUSNews&WorldReport’srankingofthebestliberalartscolleges,from25to17.　　Meritaid,whichbenefitedabout75studentsayear,orabout4%ofitsstudentbody,atacostofabout$1millionayear,“serveduswell,”Inzersays,but“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”　　Need-basedaidremainsbyfarthelargestshareofallstudentaid,whichincludesstate,federalandinstitutionalgrants.Butmeritaid,offeredprimarilybyschoolsandstates,isgrowingfaster,bothoverallandattheinstitutionallevel.　　Between1995-96and2003-04,institutionalmeritaidaloneincreased212%,comparedwith47%forneed-basedgrants.Atleast15statesalsooffermeritaid,typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.　　Butinrecentyears,agrowingchorus(异口同声)ofcriticshasbegunpressuringschoolstodropthepractice.RecentdecisionsbyHamiltonandothersmaybe“asignthatpeoplearestartingtorealizethatthere’sthisdestructivecompetitiongoingon,”saysBaum,co-authorofarecentCollegeReportthatraisesconcerns

68abouttheroleofinstitutionalaidnotbasedonneed.　　DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaidbutfearthatindoingso,theywouldlosetopstudentstotheircompetitors.　　“Noonecantakeone-sidedaction,”saysLaird,whoisexploringwhethertoseekanexemption(豁免)fromfederalanti-trustlawssomembercollegescandiscusshowtheycouldjointlyreducemeritaid,“Thisisamerry-go-roundthat’sgoingveryfast,andnoneoftheinstitutionsbelievetheycansustaintherisksoftryingtobreakawaybythemselves.”　　Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavecometodependonit.And,astuitionscontinuetoincrease,thelinebetweenmeritandneedblurs.　　That’sonereasonAlleghenyCollegedoesn’tplantodropmeritaidentirely.　　“Westillbelieveinrewardingsuperiorachievementsandknowthatthesetopstudentstrulyvaluethescholarship,”saysScottFriedhoff,Allegheny’svicepresidentforenrollment.　　EmoryUniversityinAtlanta,whichboastsa$4.7billionendowment(捐赠),meanwhile,istakinganotherapproach.Thisyear,itannounceditwouldeliminateloansforneedystudentsandcapthemformiddle-incomefamilies.Atthesametime,itwouldexpandits28-year-oldmeritprogram.　　“Yeah,we’replayingthemeritgame,”acknowledgesTomLancaster,associatedeanforundergraduateeducation.Butithasitsstrongpoint,too,hesays.“Thefactofthematteris,it’snotjustaboutthelowest-incomepeople.It’stheaverageAmericanmiddle-classfamilywho’sbeingpricedoutofthemarket.”　　*Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid:　　Merit-basedaidisaidofferedtostudentswhoachieveexcellenceinagivenarea,andisgenerallyknownasacademic,athleticandartisticmeritscholarships.　　Academicmeritscholarshipsarebasedonstudents’grades,GPAandoverallacademicperformanceduringhighschool.Theyaretypicallymeantforstudentsgoingstraighttocollegerightafterhighschool.However,therearescholarshipsforcurrentcollegestudentswithexceptionalgradesaswell.Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify.Insomecases,studentsmayneedtoberecommendedbytheirschoolorateacheraspartofthequalificationprocess.　　Athleticmeritscholarshipsaremeantforstudentsthatexcel(突出)insportsofanykind,fromfootballtotrackandfieldevents.Recommendationforthesescholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).Applicantsneedtosendinatapecontainingtheirbestperformance.　　Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea.Thisgenerallyincludesany

69creativefieldsuchasart,design,fashion,music,danceorwriting.Applyingforartisticmeritscholarshipsusuallyrequiresthatstudentssubmitaportfolio(选辑)ofsomesort,whetherthatincludesacollectionofartwork,arecordingofamusicalperformanceoravideoofthemdancing.　　1.Withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation,anumberofcollegesare________.　　A)offeringstudentsmoremerit-basedaidB)revisingtheirfinancialaidpolicies　　C)increasingtheamountoffinancialaidD)changingtheiradmissionprocesses　　2.WhatdidAlleghenyCollegeinMeadvilledothreeyearsago?　　A)Ittriedtoimplementanovelfinancialaidprogram.　　B)Itadded$2.5milliontoitsneed-basedaidprogram.　　C)Itphasedoutitsmerit-basedscholarshipsaltogether.　　D)Itcutsitsmerit-basedaidtohelptheneedystudents.　　3.Thechiefpurposeofrankings-consciouscollegesinofferingmeritaidisto______.　　A)improveteachingqualityB)boosttheirenrollments　　C)attractgoodstudentsD)increasetheirrevenues　　4.MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHamilton,believes______.　　A)itdoesn’tpaytospend$1millionayeartoraiseitsranking　　B)itgivesstudentsmotivationtoawardacademicachievements　　C)it’sillogicaltousesomuchmoneyononly4%ofitsstudents　　D)it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition　　5.Inrecentyears,merit-basedaidhasincreasedmuchfasterthanneed-basedaiddueto______.　　A)moregovernmentfundingtocollegesB)fiercecompetitionamonginstitutions　　C)theincreasingnumberoftopstudentsD)schools’improvedfinancialsituations　　6.Whatistheattitudeofmanyprivatecollegestowardmeritaid,accordingtoDavidLaird?　　A)Theywouldliketoseeitreduced.　　B)Theyregarditasanecessaryevil.　　C)Theythinkitdoesmoreharmthangood.　　D)Theyconsideritunfairtomiddle-classfamilies.　　7.Whydoesn’tAlleghenyCollegeplantodropmeritaidentirely?　　A)Raisingtuitionshavemadecollegeunaffordableformiddle-classfamilies.　　B)Withrisingincomes,fewerstudentsareapplyingforneed-basedaid.　　C)Manystudentsfrommiddle-incomefamilieshavecometorelyonit.　　D)Risingincomeshavedisqualifiedmanystudentsforneed-basedaid.

70　　8.Annualrenewalofacademicmeritscholarshipsdependsonwhethertherecipientsremain______.　　9.Applicantsforathleticmeritscholarshipsneedarecommendationfromacoachorarefereewho______theirexceptionalathleticperformance.　　10.Applicantsforartisticmeritscholarshipsmustproduceevidencetoshowtheir______inaparticularartisticfieldPartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestansweris.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　Questions11to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　11.A)Getsomesmallchange.B)Findashoppingcenter.　　C)Cashacheckatabank.D)Findaparkingmeter.　　12.A)Shoppingwithhisson.B)Buyingagiftforachild.　　C)Promotinganewproduct.D)Bargainingwithasalesgirl.　　13.A)Takingphotographs.B)Enhancingimages.　　C)Mendingcameras.D)Paintingpictures.　　14.A)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoung.　　B)Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.　　C)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimore.　　D)Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.　　15.A)Heisratherdisappointed.B)Heishighlyambitious.　　C)Hecan’tfaceuptothesituationD)Heknowshisownlimitation.　　16.A)Shemusthavepaidalot　　B)Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.　　C)Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.　　D)Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.　　17.A)Femalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysics.　　B)Hecanserveasthewoman’stutor.　　C)Physicsisanimportantcourseatschool.　　D)Theprofessor’ssuggestionisconstructive.　　18.A)Indifferent.B)Doubtful.C)Pleased.D)Surprised.

71　　Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.B)Hehassignedupforadaycourse.　　C)Hehastoworkduringtheday.D)Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.　　20.A)Learnacomputerlanguage.B)Learndataprocessing.　　C)Buysomecomputersoftware.D)Buyafewcoursebooks.　　21.A)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.B)FromSeptember1toNewYear’seve.　　C)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal.　　22.A)Whattobringforregistration.B)Wheretoattendtheclass.　　C)HowhecangettoFrostHall.D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.　　Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.A)Atrainingcoach.B)Atradingadviser.　　C)Aprofessionalmanager.D)Afinancialtrader.　　24.A)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.B)Heconsiderscookingcreative.　　C)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.D)Hethinkstake-awayistasteless.　　25.A)Itissomethinginevitable.　　B)Itisfrustratingsometimes.　　C)Ittakespatiencetomanage.　　D)Itcanbeagoodthing.　　SectionB　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne　　Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　26.A)Therewerenoplanetswithoutmoons.B)TherewasnoairorwateronJupiter.　　C)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.D)Themysteryoflifecouldnotberesolved.　　27.A)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.B)Ithasanatmosphereliketheearth’s.　　C)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.D)Ithasdeepcavesseveralmileslong.　　28.A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.B)Lifecanforminveryhottemperatures.　　C)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.D)Oxygenisnotneededforsomelifeforms.PassageTwo　　Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　29.A)Whethertheyshouldtakethechildhome.　　B)WhatDr.Mayer’sinstructionsexactlywere.

72　　C)Whoshouldtakecareofthechildathome.　　D)Whenthechildwouldcompletelyrecover.　　30.A)Sheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswhenindoubt.　　B)Shemakesthemwritedownallherinstructions.　　C)Shehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoathome.　　D)Sheasksthemtorepeatwhattheyaresupposedtodo.　　31.A)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.B)Itcontainsmanygrammaticalerrors.　　C)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.D)ItfacilitatesinterpePassageThree　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　32.A)Jobsecurity.B)Goodlabourrelations.　　C)Challengingwork.D)Attractivewagesandbenefits.　　33.A)Manytediousjobscontinuetobedonemanually.　　B)Moreandmoreunskilledworkerswilllosejobs.　　C)Computerswillchangethenatureofmanyjobs.　　D)Boringjobswillgraduallybemadeenjoyable.　　34.A)Offerthemchancesofpromotion.　　B)Improvetheirworkingconditions.　　C)Encouragethemtocompetewitheachother.　　D)Givethemresponsibilitiesaspartofateam.　　35.A)Theywillnotbringrealbenefitstothestaff.　　B)Theyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleonly.　　C)Theyarearbitrarilysetbytheadministrators.　　D)Theyarebeyondthecontrolofordinaryworkers.　　SectionC　　Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上。　　Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36)______intothree

73typesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andprocess.　　Factualwritingprovides(37)______informationonanauthor,composer,orartistoronatypeofmusic,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor(38)______coverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39)______course.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40)______foryourstudyofthehumanities.　　Asitsname(41)______,descriptivewritingsimplydescribes,orprovidesan(42)______of,apieceofmusic,art,orliterature.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanartistusedinapaintingorthe(43)______acomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesorsoundsinthereader’smindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44)________.　　Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45)________.Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46)_________.　　PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)　　SectionA　　Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Infamilieswithtwoworkingparents,fathersmayhavemoreimpactonachild’slanguagedevelopmentthanmothers,anewstudysuggests.　　Researchers4792familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.Overall,itwasagroupofwell-classfamilies,withmarriedparentsbothlivinginthehome.　　Whenthechildrenwere2,researchersvideotapedthemathomeinfree-playsessionswithbothparents,48alloftheirspeech.ThestudywillappearintheNovemberissueofTheJournalofAppliedDevelopmentalPsychology.　　Thescientistsmeasuredthe49numberofutterance(话语)oftheparents,thenumberofdifferentwordstheyused,thecomplexityoftheirsentencesandother50oftheirspeech.Onaverage,fathersspokelessthanmothersdid,buttheydidnotdifferinthelengthofutterancesorproportionofquestionsasked.　　Finally,theresearchers51thechildren’sspeechatage3,usingastandardizedlanguagetest.Theonlypredictorsofhighscoresonthetestwerethemother’slevelofeducation,the52ofchildcareandthenumberofdifferentwordsthefatherused.

74　　Theresearchersare53whythefather’sspeech,andnotthemother’s,hadaneffect.　　“It’swell54thatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.Itcouldbethatthehigh-functioningmothersinthestudyhad55hadastronginfluenceontheirchildren’sspeechdevelopment,Ms.Pancsofarsaid,“oritmaybethatmothersare56inawaywedidn’tmeasureinthestudy.”　　注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。　　A)alreadyB)analyzedC)aspectsD)charactersE)contributingF)describing　　G)establishedH)qualityI)quotedJ)recordingK)recruitedL)total　　M)unconsciousN)unsureO)yetSectionB　　Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　PassageOne　　Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.Rightlyso,butselfishly,I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,notjustforthiscountry,butformeasanAfrican-Americanwoman.AsthepotentialFirstLady,shewouldhavetheworld’sattention.AndthatmeansthatforthefirsttimepeoplewillhaveachancetogetupcloseandpersonalwiththetypeofAfrican-Americanwomantheysorarelysee.　　Usually,thelivesofblackwomengolargelyunexamined.Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.　　Theseimageshavehelpeddefinethewayallwomenareviewed,includingMichelleObama.Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,hermosturgentandperhapsmostcomplicateddutymaybesimpletobeherself.　　Itwon’tbeeasy.Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,littleisknownaboutwhoweare,whatwethinkandwhatwefaceonaregularbasis.Forbetterorworse,Michellewillrepresentusall.　　Justasshewillhavehercritics,shewillalsohavemillionsoffanswhousuallyhavelittleinterestintheFirstLady.ManyAfrican-Americanblogshavewrittenaboutwhatthey’dliketoseeMichellebringtotheWhiteHouse—mainlyshowingtheworldthatablackwomancansupporthermanandraiseastrongblack

75family.Michellewillhavetoworktopleaseeveryone—animpossibletask.ButformanyAfrican-Americanwomenlikeme,justalittleofherpoise(沉着),confidenceandintelligencewillgoalongwayinchanginganimagethat’sbeenaroundforfartoolong.　　57.WhydoesMichelleObamaholdastrongfascinationfortheauthor?　　A)SheservesasarolemodelforAfricanwomen.　　B)ShepossessesmanyadmirablequalitiesbecomingaFirstLady.　　C)ShewillpresenttotheworldanewimageofAfrican-Americanwomen.　　D)ShewillpaycloserattentiontotheinterestsofAfrican-Americanwomen.　　58.WhatisthecommonstereotypeofAfrican-Americanwomenaccordingtotheauthor?　　A)Theyarevictimsofviolence.B)Theyareofaninferiorviolence.　　C)Theyusequitealotofbodylanguage.D)Theyliveoncharityandsocialwelfare.　　59.WhatdomanyAfrican-Americanswriteaboutintheirblogs?　　A)WhetherMichellecanliveuptothehighexpectationsofherfans.　　B)HowMichelleshouldbehaveasapublicfigure.　　C)HowproudtheyaretohaveablackwomanintheWhiteHouse.　　D)WhatMichelleshoulddoaswifeandmotherintheWhiteHouse.　　60.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMichelleObamaasaFirstLady?　　A)Howevermanyfansshehas,sheshouldremainmodest,　　B)Sheshouldn’tdisappointtheAfrican-Americancommunity.　　C)Howeverhardshetries,shecan’texpecttopleaseeverybody.　　D)ShewillgiveprioritytoAfrican-Americanwomen’sconcerns.　　61.WhatdomanyAfrican-AmericanwomenhopeMichelleObamawilldo?　　A)Helpchangetheprevailingviewaboutblackwomen.　　B)HelpherhusbandinthetaskofchangingAmerica.　　C)OutshinepreviousFirstLady.　　D)Fullydisplayherfinequalities.　　PassageTwo　　Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Whennextyear’scropofhigh-schoolgraduatesarriveatOxfordUniversityinthefallof2009,they’llbejoinedbyanewface;AndrewHamilton,the55-year-oldprovost(教务长)ofYale,who’llbecomeOxford’svice-chancellor—apositionequivalenttouniversitypresidentinAmerica.　　Hamiltonisn’ttheonlyeducatorcrossingtheAtlantic.SchoolsinFrance,Egypt,Singapore,etc,havealsorecentlymadetop-levelhiresfromabroad.Highereducationhasbecomeabigandcompetitivebusiness

76nowadays,andlikesomanybusinesses,it’sgoneglobal.Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.　　ThechiefreasonisthatAmericanschoolsdon’ttendtoseriouslyconsiderlookingabroad.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.“Wedidn’tdoanyglobalconsideration,”saysPatriciaHayes,theboard’schair.TheboardultimatelypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivist(活动家)whoislikelytodowellinthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising.Fund-raisingisadistinctivelyAmericanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.Thefund-raisingabilityislargelyaproductofexperienceandnecessity.　　ManyEuropeanuniversities,meanwhile,arestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber.Thedeclineingovernmentsupporthasmadefunding-raisinganincreasingnecessaryabilityamongadministratorsandhashiringcommitteeshungryforAmericans.　　Inthepastfewyears,prominentschoolsaroundtheworldhavejoinedthetrend.In2003,whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”　　Ofcourse,fund-raisingisn’ttheonlyskilloutsidersoffer.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindofpromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices.　　62.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?　　A)InstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheU.S.　　B)Alotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasadministrators.　　C)Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.　　D)Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raising.　　63.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?　　A)Thepoliticalcorrectness.B)Theirabilitytoraisefunds.　　C)Theirfameinacademiccircles.D)Theiradministrativeexperience.　　64.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?　　A)Thetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.　　B)Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentsupervision.　　C)Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.　　D)Mostoftheirrevenuescomefromthegovernment.　　65.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause_____.

77　　A)shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoney　　B)shecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYale　　C)sheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseas　　D)shehadboostedYale’sacademicstatus　　66.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?　　A)Theycanenhancetheuniversity’simage.　　B)Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.　　C)Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.　　D)Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.PartⅤCloze(15minutes)　　Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.　　Olderpeoplemustbegivenmorechancestolearniftheyaretocontributetosocietyratherthanbeafinancialburden,accordingtoanewstudyonpopulationpublishedrecently.　　Thecurrentpeopleapproachwhich67onyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentisnot68tomeetthechallengesofdemographic(人口结构的)change,itsays.Only1%oftheeducationbudgetis69spentontheoldestthirdofthepopulation.　　The70includethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesin71,thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleare72statepensionage.　　“73needstocontinuethroughoutlife.Ourhistoricconcentrationofpolicyattentionandresources74youngpeoplecannotmeetthenew75,”saysthereport’sauthor,ProfessorStephenMcNair.　　Themajor76ofoureducationbudgetisspentonpeoplebelowtheageof25.77peoplearechangingtheirjobs,78,partnersandlifestylesmoreoftenthan79,theyneedopportunitiestolearnateveryage80,somepeoplearestartingnewcareersintheir50sandlater.　　Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlifereview”to81tothelaterstageofemployedlife,andtoplanforthetransition(过渡)82retirement,whichmaynowhappen83atanypointfrom50toover90,saysMcNair.　　Andthereshouldbemoremoney84tosupportpeopleinestablishinga85ofidentityandfindingconstructive86forthe“thirdage”,the20ormoreyearstheywillspendinhealthyretiredlife.　　67.A)operatesB)focusesC)countsD)depends　　68.A)superiorB)regularC)essentialD)adequate　　69.A)currentlyB)barelyC)anxiouslyD)heavily

78　　70.A)regulationsB)obstaclesC)challengesD)guidelines　　71.A)enjoymentB)retirementC)stabilityD)inability　　72.A)overB)afterC)acrossD)beside　　73.A)IndentifyingB)LearningC)InstructingD)Practicing　　74.A)atB)byC)inD)on　　75.A)desiresB)realmsC)needsD)intentions　　76.A)measureB)ratioC)areaD)portion　　77.A)WhenB)UntilC)WhetherD)Before　　78.A)neighborsB)moodsC)homesD)minds　　79.A)ageB)everC)previouslyD)formerly　　80.A)ForexampleB)BycontrastC)InparticularD)Onaverage　　81.A)transformB)yieldC)adjustD)suit　　82.A)withinB)fromC)beyondD)to　　83.A)unfairlyB)unpredictablyC)instantlyD)indirectly　　84.A)reliableB)considerableC)availableD)feasible　　85.A)senseB)conscienceC)projectD)definition　　86.A)ranksB)assetsC)idealsD)roles　　PartVITranslation(5minutes)　　Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.　　87.Youwouldnothavefailedifyou__________________________(按照我的指令去做).　　88.Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever______________(放弃对知识的追求).　　89.Scientistsagreethatitwillbealongtime______________(我们找到治愈癌症的方法).　　90.Productionhastobeincreasedconsiderablyto__________________(与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步).　　91.Themoreexerciseyoutake,________________________(你越不大可能得感冒).2009年12月大学英语四级考试答案详解　　PartⅠWriting　　审题谋篇　　本次四级作文主题为“绿色校园”，这是一个看似简单普通的话题，写起来却不是那么容易。因为很多考生对于“绿色校园”所表达的内涵感觉比较生僻。假如对“绿色校园”这一主题感到难以把握，考生可以从作文提纲入手进行分析以获取对“绿色校园”这一概念的相关信息。根据作文提示2，可以看出此处的“绿色校园”

79指的决不仅仅是青青的草地和高大的树木构成的校园绿色风景，也不仅仅指对校园环境的珍视和爱护，而是指一种环境保护的文化氛围和师生具有的环境素养，以及由此带来的和谐的人文环境和社会绩效。在深入理解概念的基础上，考生还应对“绿色校园”的重要性进行剖析，这时，考生可以从多个角度组织素材，比如从校园的环境问题出发，进而扩展到师生的环境意识对“绿色校园”所产生的长远意义以及为未来环境改善所做的贡献。最后是阐述建设“绿色校园”所要采取的措施。需要注意的就是作文给分的重点在于考生如何用恰当的语言词汇表达自己的思想观点。而不是写得越多，得分就越高。一般分成三个自然段，大概十句话，基本的分布为首段、末段合起来五句或六句，中间段五句或四句，做到结构清楚，重点突出，就可以了。　　参考范文　　CreatingaGreenCampus　　Recently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining“agreenearth”beingthefocusofthesociety,“greencampus”hasbecomeamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusanever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.　　Theconceptof“greencampus”doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople’smind.Campusplaysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof“greencampus”willdefinitelyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents’variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What’smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.　　Tomake“greencampus”cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,itcallsforpeople’sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat“greencampus”canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.　　建设绿色校园　　近来，随着建设并保持“绿色地球”的观念成为社会关注的焦点，“绿色校园”也成为校园里流行的话题。这无疑会给我们的校园和社会带来长远的利益。　　“绿色校园”不仅仅指绿色的环境，还包括人们头脑中的环境意识。学校在培养年轻一代上起着关键作用，“绿色校园”的意识必定会对学生毕业后的环境保护意识产生长远影响。更为重要的是，年轻一代面临着严重的环境污染，有太多问题等待他们去解决。　　为使“绿色校园”成为现实，首先应该制定出可持续发展、可长远发展的有效政策。其次，还需要人们对环境污染的严肃性有正确认识并采取实际行动切实减少污染。最后但同样重要的是，有必要加强学校和社会的联系以便在全社会共同努力下使“绿色校园”顺利实施。　　范文点评　　范文以“绿色校园”开篇，保证了文章切题。第一段开门见山，强调当今环保理念下构建“

80绿色校园”的长远意义。第二段，着重讨论“绿色校园”的含义，指出“绿色校园”不仅指校园中的绿化，还指生活在校园中的人们的绿色和环保意识，把校园这个小环境和社会这个大环境结合起来，说理更加深刻。第三段是谈及具体的做法，分一、二、三点进行论述，无疑是使“绿色校园”的理念落在实处。结构完整，首尾呼应，用词准确。关系词的正确使用让句与句之间、段与段之间衔接紧凑，思想表达成熟有深度。　　【生动的用词】maintain保持;concept概念;profound长远的;sustainable可持续的;recyclable可循环的。　　【丰富的短语】bringbenefitto带来利益;playacrucialrolein发挥关键作用;undertheburdenof在……重负下;cometrue实现;callfor要求。　　【多变的句式】　　范文中长句、短句、简单句、复杂句交叉使用。不同句型之间的转换，能让阅卷老师更好地了解考生对句子结构的掌握运用，从而获得高分。　　避错指导　　本次作文在题材上，虽然仍然延续了我们所熟悉校园类话题，但与社会背景有很大关系。刚刚闭幕的哥本哈根世界气候大会使环保减排这个主题成为焦点，在全世界都提倡可持续发展、和谐发展这一背景下的“绿色校园”，同时也是一个社会热点话题，这是我们审题时所必须考虑的。另外开篇时，切忌拖泥带水，应直截了当，使阅卷老师对文章主题一目了然。　　除正确审题之外，考生还应注意语言的准确运用，不落俗套。不同句型之间转换时，考生应对句子结构全面掌握，避免句式错误造成扣分。　　最后，应尽量避免单词拼写错误。本次作文常见的卷面拼写错误如下表：　　正确拼写词性及词义错误的拼写　　focusn.焦点focuse　　effectn.影响effection/affect　　environmentn.环境envirment/invironment　　burdenn.负担burdon　　solvev.解决slove　　seriousa.严肃的serous　　truea.真的ture　　societyn.社会soceity　　theoryn.理论thery　　总之，考生在构思和写作过程中要尽可能做到思路完整，恰如其分地选择词汇。毕竟，无错表达才是四级语言表达合格的核心。　　能力拓展

81　　【同义词转换】　　作文表达除了准确，还要做到句式多变，词汇灵活多样。　　1.realize→beawareof意识到　　We’dbetterbeawareoftheseriousnessofpollutionaroundus.我们最好意识到周围污染的严峻性。　　2.keep→preserve保持　　Itisnecessarytoeducatethestudentstobeconsciousoftheimportancetopreservetheenvironment.有必要教育学生意识到保护环境的重要性。　　3.lead→conduct引导　　Thiswillhelpconducttheactivitiesofthecollegestudents.这有助于引导大学生的行为。　　【话题备考锦囊】　　6.Theideaof“agreencampus”isbeyondagreenenvironment.“绿色校园”绝不仅仅是一个绿色环境。　　7.Theconstructionof“agreencampus”willgreatlystimulatestudentstotakepartinvariousenvironmentalprotectionactivities.建设“绿色校园”将会极大激励学生参与环境保护。　　8.Tobring“agreencampus”toitsfullplay,effectivemeasuresshouldbetaken.为全面实施“绿色校园”，必须采取有效措施。　　9.Campusconstructionisofvitalimportancenotonlytothephysicaldevelopmentofstudentsbuttotheirmentalhealthaswell.校园建设不仅对学生的身体发展很重要，而且对他们的心理健康也很重要。　　10.Thereislittledoubtthatfurtherconsiderationmustbepaidtoourgreencampus.毫无疑问，对于绿色校园应该给与更多的思考。　　【话题词汇拓展】　　devastationn.毁坏　　　　　　　　　　　　disastrousa.损失惨重的　　doomv.厄运，毁灭　　　　　　　　　　　existencen.存在，生活　　healthfula.健康的　messya.肮脏的，凌乱的　　participationn.分享，参与preservev.保存，保护　　preventivea.预防性的purifyv.澄清，净化　　stimulationn.激励，鼓舞arouseconsciousness唤起意识　　命题风向标　　本次作文难度适中，与之前考试中出现的“限塑”主题有千丝万缕的联系。考生要想在本次作文中获取高分，除了审题恰当独到，还要有扎实的语言基础。如本文主题“绿色校园”可以采用多种表达：greencampus和environmental-friendlycampus;“绿色校园的构建”可以使用create，buildup，establish和construct等，以体现考生对词汇多样性的积累。

82　　从关注白色污染到关注博物馆免费开放，再到绿色校园构建，四级作文命题重点在侧重校园类话题的同时开始向与大学生生活有关的话题转移。由此也凸显了对历年真题分析的重要意义。更多地立足真题，总结规律，切实提高自己语言能力，始终是四级作文备考的根本。　PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)　　篇章结构核心词汇　　1.aidn.①帮助，援助②助手v.帮助，援助　　【用】financialaid经济援助;meritaid/Merit-based奖学金;need-basedaid助学金或经济资助;foreignaid外援，对外援助;hearingaid助听器;aidsandappliances用具，设备【搭】inaidto用来帮助，起……作用;leadone’said(to)援助，给予帮助;inaidof作为援助……之用【拓】aidancen.协助，帮助;aidanta.帮助的;aideda.辅助的　　2.projectv.①设计②发射n.事业，计划，工程　　【用】ProjectHope希望工程;projectmanager项目经理;projectplan项目规划;projectbudget项目预算，工程预算【拓】projectionn.突出，发射;projectinga.突出的　　3.selectivea.选择性的　　4.【用】selectiveanalysis重点分析;selectivebreeding选择育种，选择性繁殖【拓】selectv.挑选，选拔a.精选的;selectionn.选择，挑选，选集　　5.packagen.包裹;套装软件，程序包a.一揽子的　　【用】packagedesign包装设计;packageagreement一揽子安排，一揽子方案;packageholiday(旅行社安排一切的)一揽子旅游;packagetour包办旅行(路线、地点、时间和费用等均作统一规定和安排的旅游);packageprogram组装程序【拓】packn.包装，背包v.包装，压紧;packageda.袋装的;packagern.打包机

83　　6.rankinga.头等的;n.等级，地位【用】rankinglist排名;rankingmethod等级法，排序法【拓】rankn.等级;队列;v.排列，列队　　7.grantv.①授予②承认;n.①授予物②拨款　　【用】grantofapatent授予专利权【搭】take…forgranted认为……是理所当然;Granted/Grantingthat即使……(也)【拓】grantsn.补助金，津贴(grant的复数)　　8.enrolv.登记，入学，参军，注册　　【搭】enrolin选课，参加【拓】enrollmentn.登记，入伍;enrolleen.入学者，入伍者　　9.eliminatev.消除，排除　　【用】eliminateilliteracy扫盲;eliminatepoverty消除贫困;eliminatenoise消除噪声【拓】eliminate是指把已进入者从中排除;excludev.指把想进入者拒之门外　　10.qualifyv.使具有资格，证明……合格【用】qualifyingexamination资格考试，初试;qualifyingcompetition预选赛，资格赛【搭】qualifyas取得……资格，作为……合适;qualifyfor有……的资格，合格【拓】qualifieda.有资格的，合格的　　11.excelv.胜过，优于，擅长n.[计算机]软件名称【搭】toexcelin/at(在某方面)胜过(或超过)别人;toexcelinmusic擅长音乐【拓】excellenta.极好的，卓越的;excellencen.优秀，长处　　12.submitv.使服从，提交【用】submitoneselftodiscipline遵守纪律;submitregistration提交登记表，提交注册【搭】submitto服从;submit…to将……呈交给【拓】submissionn.服从，投降　　试题详解　　1.【原题译文】随着越来越多的低收入学生追求高等教育，一些学院__。　　B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是moreandmore，low-incomestudents和pursuinghighereducation。由此即可定位到原文第二段，全文的主旨段。　　【篇章分析】原文第二段指出：“Butwithlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulationincomingyears,someschoolsarere-examiningwhetherthataid,typicallyknownasmeritaid,isthemosteffectiveuseofpreciousinstitutionaldollars.”原文中withlow-incomestudentsprojectedtomakeupanever-largershareofthecollege-boundpopulation和题干中withmoreandmorelow-incomestudentspursuinghighereducation意思一致;原文中re-examining和B选项中revise意思相同。所以答案为B。　　2.【原题译文】位于米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前做了什么?　　D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是大学名称AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville和do，由此定位到原文第三段。　　【篇章分析】原文第三段指出：“GeorgeWashingtonUniversityinWashington,D.C.,forexample,said

84lastweekthatitwouldcutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients(接受者),pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid.AlleghenyCollegeinMeadville,Pa.,madeasimilardecisionthreeyearsago.”题目中的D项Itcutitsmerit-basedaidhelptheneedystudents与原文cutthevalueofitsaveragemeritscholarshipsbyaboutone-thirdandreducethenumberofrecipients,pouringthesavings,about$2.5million,intoneed-basedaid意思相同，所以答案为D。　　3.【原题译文】有排名意识的大学提供奖学金的主要目的是__。　　C【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是rankings-conscious和purpose，由此可定位到原文第七段。　　【篇章分析】原文第七段指出：“Butforrankings-consciousschoolsinbetween,meritaidhasservedprimarilyasatooltorecruittopstudentsandtoimprovetheiracademicprofiles.”原文中的recruit表示“招收”，和答案C中的attract意思相似，所以答案为C。　　4.【原题译文】汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽相信__。　　D【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是MonicaInzer,deanofadmissionandfinancialaidatHanilton，由此可定位到原文第十段。　　【篇章分析】原文第十段指出：“tobediscountingthepriceforfamiliesthatdon’tneedfinancialaiddoesn’tfeelrightanymore.”原文与D项it’snotrighttogiveaidtothosewhocanaffordthetuition意思相同，所以答案为D。　　5.【原题译文】近年来，奖学金的增长比助学金快得多，是因为__。　　B【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是merit-basedaid和increased，由此即可定位到原文第十二段第二句。　　【篇章分析】原文第十二段第二句指出：“typicallyinabidtoenrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions.”inabidto可以理解为“为了……，力求……”。enrolltopstudentsinthestate’spublicinstitutions符合原题意思，所以答案为B6.【原题译文】依大卫•莱尔德来看，许多私立学院对奖学金的态度是什么?　　A【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是DavidLaird，attitude，privatecolleges和meritaid，由此即可定位到原文第十四段。　　【篇章分析】原文第十四段指出：“DavidLaird,presidentoftheMinnesotaPrivateCollegeCouncil,saysmanyofhisschoolswouldliketoreducetheirmeritaid”。原文和答案A项Theywouldliketoseeitreduced意思一致，所以答案为A。　　7.【原题译文】为什么阿勒格尼学院不打算完全取消奖学金?　　C【快速解题】本题的题干是AlleghenyCollege和dropmeritaid。由此即可定位到原文第十六段。　　【篇章分析】原文第十六段指出：“Acomplicatingfactoristhatmeritaidhasbecomesopopularwithmiddle-incomefamilies,whodon’tqualifyforneed-basedaid,thatmanyhavetodependonit.”。原文中dependon和答案C选项中的relyon意思相同，所以答案为C。

85　　8.qualified　　【原题译文】每年是否可以继续享受学术奖学金取决于奖学金得主是否继续________。　　【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是annualrenewal，academic，meritscholarships和recipient，由此即可定位到原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分。　　【篇章分析】原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid部分第四句指出：“Thesemeritscholarshipsusuallyhelpstudentspaytuitionbills,andtheycanberenewedeachyearaslongastherecipientscontinuetoqualify”。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。原文中的eachyear在本题中被换成了annual，原文中的renewed在本题中被换成了名词renewal，原文中的continue被转换成了remain，所以本题应该填形容词qualified。　　9.recognizes　　【原题译文】体育奖学金申请者要求有______其在运动方面有杰出表现的教练或裁判的推荐。　　【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是athletic和acoachorareferee，由此即可定位到原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分第三段。　　【篇章分析】原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分第三段：“Recommendationforthisscholarshipsisrequired,sinceexceptionalathleticperformancehastoberecognizedbyacoachorareferee(裁判).”本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。题目把原文的被动结构变成了主动，而acoachorareferee是第三人称单数，所以本题应该填的答案是recognizes。　　10.excellence　　【原题译文】艺术奖学金要求申请者必须提交能表明其在某一领域______的证明。　　【快速解题】本题的题干关键词是applicants，artisticmeritscholarships，produceevidence和show，由此可定位到原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分第四段。　　【篇章分析】原文Afewwordsaboutmerit-basedaid这一部分第四段指出：“Artisticmeritscholarshipsrequirethatapplicantsexcelinagivenartisticarea”。艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。原文中的inagivenartisticfield和题目中的inaparticularartisticfield同义，题目中需要填的是动词show的宾语，即一个名词，而原句中对应的excel却是动词词性，需要变成名词形式，所以答案就是excel的名词形式excellence。　　全文精译　　大学重新审视奖学金的价值　　许多大学给予学生经济资助时，最重要的依据仍然是学生良好的评估等级和较高的试卷分数。　　但是在未来几年里，预计低收入家庭的学生数占大学生总数的比例越来越大。一些学校正在重新考虑奖学金是否是利用大学宝贵的资金最有效的途径。　　例如，华盛顿特区的乔治•

86华盛顿大学上周公布说将削减约三分之一的奖学金，减少奖学金得主数，而将节省下来的大约250万美元用于助学金。位于宾夕法尼亚州米德维尔的阿勒格尼学院三年前也做出了类似的决定。　　纽约克林顿市的哈密尔顿学院说它将逐步淘汰奖学金。该规定不会使现有的奖学金得主失去奖学金，助学金制度将从2008年秋天入学的学生开始实行。　　并不是所有的大学都提供奖学金;一般来说，淘汰率越高的学校，越不太可能提供奖学金。例如，哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学慷慨地提供了各种助学金，但是许多不符合助学条件的家庭为了上名牌大学不管付多少钱都愿意。　　对于规模较小的地方性学院来说，他们只是努力填满空缺，奖学金只是财政收入的重要来源，因为许多奖学金得主仍需支付比奖学金金额更高的学费，而正是这些学费维持大学的运转。　　但是对于有排名意识的学校，奖学金已经成为招收一流学生和改善他们的学术效益的一种主要工具。斯基德莫尔大学的经济学家桑迪•波美说，“他们试图购买学生”。　　研究表明奖学金存在一种倾向，即大部分奖学金得主不依靠奖学金仍能支付得起学费。　　“展望未来，更迫切需要的助学金投资”，汉密尔顿的入学和助学金办公室主任莫尼卡•英泽说。汉密尔顿大学已提供10年的奖学金。在这段时间里，在《美国新闻和世界报导》对最好的文学院的排名中，它从第25名上升到第17名。　　奖学金每年帮助了大约75名学生，或大约4%的学生，花费大约为一年1百万美元，“奖学金给我们带来了好处”，英泽说，但“奖学金这种变相优惠学费的做法对不需要经济援助的家庭来说，似乎不妥。”　　助学金目前仍是学生接受资助的主要方式，包括国家助学金、联邦助学金和机构助学金。但是，从总体上和大学层面上来看，主要由学校和州提供的奖学金增长速度很快。　　一项由美国宾州州立大学教授唐纳德•海勒主持的研究报告表明，在1995-96和2003-04年之间，仅就大学的奖学金而言，增加了212%，而助学金增加了47%。至少有15个州也提供奖学金，通常是为了在公立大学中招收优等生。　　但是近年来，越来越多的批评已经迫使大学开始减少这种做法。汉密尔顿和其他大学最近的决策可能是“一种迹象，表明人们开始意识到这种破坏性的竞争”，波美说。波美与他人合作，共同发表了一份《大学报告》，对于大学资助不是建立在需要的基础之上表示担忧。　　明尼苏达私立大学委员会主席大卫•莱尔德认为，很多私立学校想减少奖学金，但害怕这样做，会使优秀学生流失到他们的竞争对手那里去。　　“没有人可以采取单方面行动，”莱尔德说。他正在探索是否能获得联邦反托拉斯法的豁免，以使会员大学可以讨论如何共同降低奖学金。“这是一个跑得很快的旋转木马，没有大学相信他们能承受摆脱木马束缚的风险。”　　一个复杂因素就是，奖学金已经在不符合助学金条件的中产阶级家庭中变得很受欢迎，结果许多家庭都依靠它。并且，随着学费不断增加，奖助学金之间的界限也变得模糊了。　　这是阿勒格尼大学并不打算完全取消奖学金的理由之一。

87　　“我们仍然相信对成绩优异者进行奖励的效用，好学生很重视奖学金”，阿勒格尼大学负责招生的副校长斯科特•弗利达霍夫说。　　位于亚特兰大的艾莫利大学以拥有47亿美元的捐赠而自豪。同时该校拟采取新政策。今年，该大学宣布将取消特困生贷款，同时对中产阶级家庭的贷款进行限额，但它将扩大其已有28年历史的奖学金项目。　　“是的，我们在玩奖学金游戏，”负责大学本科教育的副院长汤姆兰•卡斯特承认。但这也有它的优势，他说，“事实上，这不仅仅关系到低收入人群，它还关系到无缘问津助学金、普通的美国中产阶级家庭。”　　*关于奖学金制度的几点补充　　奖学金是向在某一领域杰出的学生提供的资助，通常是指学术、体育和艺术奖学金。　　学术奖学金是以学生在高中阶段的分数，平均成绩和学术表现为基础。它们通常是专门为学生在高中毕业后直接进入大学而设置的。然而，还有为学习成绩格外突出的在校大学生准备的奖学金。这些奖学金通常帮助学生交纳学费，只要他们继续符合条件，每年都可以继续享受。某些情况下，学生在申请过程中可能需要学校或者一位教师推荐。　　运动奖学金是为在任何一种体育运动中突出的学生设置的奖学金，从足球到田径项目。本奖学金必须有人推荐，因为杰出的运动表现必须得到教练或裁判的认可。申请者需要寄送包含他们最佳表现的一盘磁带。　　艺术奖学金要求申请者在一定艺术领域有突出表现。一般包括创作领域，如艺术、设计、时装、音乐、舞蹈或写作。申请艺术奖学金，通常要求学生提供一个选辑，它可以包括艺术作品集、音乐表演录像或舞蹈的视频PartⅢListeningComprehension　　SectionA　　试题详解　　11.A)Getsomesmallchange.A)换取零钱。　　B)Findashoppingcenter.B)找一个购物中心。　　C)Cashacheckatabank.C)在银行兑现支票。　　D)Findaparkingmeter.D)找一个停车计费器。　　【听音指导】选项均缺少主语，属于细节题加转折题型，预读时无需关注句意，直接找相似场景即可，并且按照听力短对话规律，重点仍然在女士话语当中，典型的“转折”出答案题型。　　【正确项分析】由but后的moneychanger可知男生需要换零钱，可快速排除选项B(购物中心)和选项D(停车)二个场景，答案应在选项A、C当中。C选项虽也和“钱”有关，但对话中对该选项中的银行只字未提，由此可知答案为选项A。　　【原文及译文】

88　　M:Excuseme.Doyouhavechangeforaten-dollarnote?Ineedtopaytheparkingmeter.　　W:I’msorry,butIthinkyoucangetitthroughthemoneychangerintheshoppingcenteracrossthestreet.　　Q:Whatisthemantryingtodo?　　男士：打扰一下，你能给我换开一张10美元的钞票吗?我需要支付停车费。　　女士：很抱歉，但我觉得你可以到马路对面的购物中心里的货币兑换中换取零钱。　　问题：男士要干什么?　　【词汇点拨】parkingmeter停车计费器;cashacheck支票兑现;changen.零钱　　12.A)Shoppingwithhisson.A)与儿子一起购物。　　B)Buyingagiftforachild.B)给孩子买礼物。　　C)Promotinganewproduct.C)促销新产品。　　D)Bargainingwithasalesgirl.D)与女售货员讨价还价。　　【听音指导】预览选项，可发现均缺少主语，与11题一样，属于细节题加建议题型，直接寻找相似场景即可，可快速排除选项C，因为只有C选项是关于“出售”(促销)，而其它选项都和“购买”有关;答案应在选项A、B、D中。　　【正确项分析】女士话语仍具有绝对指导意义，非常简单的建议考点，竟然直接用到了suggest，其后必有答案，女生提到toytrain和brand，加上男生说的schoolboy，可确定答案为选项B。　　【干扰项分析】A选项中的son是无中生有，切忌主观猜测。选项D可在听时排除，原文中并无任何涉及关于“还价”或具体金额的内容。　　【原文及译文】　　M:Canyourecommendsomethingthataschoolboyof7or8willreallylike?　　W:I’dsuggestthistoytrain,sir.It’sanexcellentbrand.Verypopularallovertheworldthesedays.　　Q:Whatisthemandoing?　　男士：你能给我推荐一个七八岁学童真正喜欢的东西吗?　　女士：我给你推荐这款玩具火车。这是一个优秀的品牌。在世界各地都非常受欢迎。　　问题：男士正在做什么?　　【词汇点拨】recommendv.推荐;brandn.品牌;promotev.促销;bargainv.讨价还价　　13.A)Takingphotographs.A)拍照。　　B)Enhancingimages.B)突显形象。　　C)Mendingcameras.C)修理相机。　　D)Paintingpictures.D)画画。　　【听音指导】选项仍均缺少主语，属于细节考查题。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。第一句由女士发出，需仔细聆听，原文提到takingpictures(拍照)，由此确定话题方向。

89　　【正确项分析】女士说话中提到takingpictures，与选项A中的takingphotographs一致，答案为A选项。　　【原文及译文】　　W:Doyouletpeopleknowwhenyou’retakingpicturesofthem?　　M:Itrynotto.Youknowanypictureofapersonwhoposesforthecamerawouldlookdullandunnatural.　　Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?　　女士：你给人们拍照时，会让他们知道吗?　　男士：尽量不让他们知道。你也知道一个人为拍照摆出的姿势看起来呆滞、不自然。　　问题：讲话人在谈论什么?　【词汇点拨】posev.摆姿势n.姿势，姿态;enhancev.提高，加强;imagen.图像，形象　　14.A)HemovedtoBaltimorewhenhewasyoung.A)他年轻的时候搬到巴尔的摩。　　B)Hecanprovidelittleusefulinformation.B)他提供不了太多有用信息。　　C)HewillshowthewomanaroundBaltimore.C)他将领女士参观巴尔的摩。　　D)Hewillasksomeoneelsetohelpthewoman.D)他将找其他人来帮助女士。　　【听音指导】此题考查意义解释题加转折题型，此类题型答案多为“听见什么不选什么”。本题需要对考生有一定的实力要求，属于可“失分”的题目。关注动词moveto，provide，showaround和ask。　　【正确项分析】经典转折考法，直接用but定位答案即可，男生说自己当时还很年轻，言下之意自己对当地情况不够了解。答案为B选项。　　【干扰项分析】根据四级听力中短对话“尾词错误原则”，即结尾内容听得越清楚越不能选，可顺利排除A选项。选项C没有提及。选项D与选项B为相似项，其中应有答案，男士并未主动提出找人帮忙，故排除选项D。　　【原文及译文】　　W:IneedtotalktosomeonewhoknowsBaltimorewell.I’mtoldyoulivedthere.　　M:Oh,butIwasreallyyoungatthetime　　Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?　　女士：我需要找个非常了解巴尔的摩的人。我听说你曾在那里居住过。　　男士：哦，但是我那时候太年轻了。　　问题：男士是什么意思?　　【词汇点拨】showaround领……参观15.A)Heisratherdisappointed.A)他非常失望。　　B)Heishighlyambitious.B)他很有抱负。　　C)Hecan’tfaceuptothesituation.C)他不能面对处境。

90　　D)Heknowshisownlimitation.D)他知道自己的不足。　　【听音指导】预读四个选项时只有B提到了“正面、积极”的方向，可初步排除。选项预读较难，但本题属于经典转折题型，关注相应标志词即可。but出现表示“前否后肯”，直接用but定位答案，就可选出正确选项。　　【正确项分析】原文是“承担责任前需要积累更多经验”，表明他知道自己的不足之处，与选项D同义。　　【干扰项分析】A选项中是rather，与原文的alittle不一致，可排除。C选项原文中未曾提及。　　【原文及译文】　　W:Aren’tyoudisappointedthatyoudidn’tgetthepromotion?　　M:Maybealittle,butIknowIneedmoreexperiencebeforeI’mreadyforthatkindofresponsibility.　　Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromthisconversation?　　女士：你没有被提升，不觉得失望吗?　　男士：可能有一点，但我觉得承担责任前需要积累更多经验。　　问题：从此对话可以得知男士的什么信息?　【词汇点拨】disappointeda.失望的;ambitiousa.有雄心的;promotionn.晋升;responsibilityn.责任　　16.A)Shemusthavepaidalotforthegym.A)她一定在健身房花了很多钱。　　B)Sheisknowntohaveaterrificfigure.B)她以身材好而闻名。　　C)Hergymexercisehasyieldedgoodresults.C)她的健身锻炼取得了很好的效果。　　D)Herefforttokeepfitisreallypraiseworthy.D)她努力健身的做法值得称赞。　　【听音指导】预读四个选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。选项B、C都是关于锻炼效果极佳的表达，按照惯例其中应该有答案。本题为意义解释题，同义替换是答案。　　【正确项分析】男士提到yourefforthaspaidoff，这与选项C中的hasyieldedgoodresults一致，故选择C项。　　【干扰项分析】男士赞扬女士身材好，但未曾提到她以此闻名，B选项可排除。男士也未称赞她的作法，故排除选项D。　　【原文及译文】　　W:I’vebeenworkingoutthegymsinceJanuary.Iwasabitoutofshape.　　M:Youlookterrific.Itseemsthatyourefforthaspaidoff.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutthewoman?　　女士：我从一月份一直在健身房锻炼。我之前都有些走形了。　　男士：现在你看起来很棒。看来你的努力没有白费。　　问题：男士暗示女士什么?　　【词汇点拨】gymn.健身房;yieldv.产生;keepfit保持体型;workout体育锻炼;outofshape

91走形，走样;payoff得到好结果　　17.A)Femalestudentsareunfitforstudyingphysics.A)女学生不适合学习物理。　　B)Hecanserveasthewoman’stutor.B)他可以担当女士的家庭教师。　　C)Physicsisanimportantcourseatschool.C)在学校，物理是一门很重要的学科。　　D)Theprofessor’ssuggestionisconstructive.D)教授的建议是有建设性的。　　【听音指导】本题选项预读最难，找不出明显的相反或相似选项，听前可暂时确定两组方向。选项A、C与物理有关，选项B、D是导师的建议，待场景明确后再排除。　　【正确项分析】首句用到suggest接着说到tutor场景明确，和选项B、D有关，排除选项A、C。首句ProfessorClarksuggestedIgetatutorforadvancedphysics，可知答案为选项D。　　【原文及译文】　　W:ProfessorClarksuggestedIgetatutorforadvancedphysics.　　M:Well,thatmighthelp.Advancedphysicsisaprettydifficultcourse.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?　　女士：克拉克教授建议我得为高等物理找个家庭教师。　　男士：嗯，那可能有帮助。高等物理确实是一门比较难的科目。　　问题：男士的意思是什么?　　【词汇点拨】tutorn.家庭教师;constructivea.有益的，建设性的　　18.A)Indifferent.A)漠不关心的。　　B)Doubtful.B)怀疑的。　　C)Pleased.C)高兴的。　　D)Surprised.D)惊奇的。　　【听音指导】预读时可排除唯一的“积极”选项C。本题为加了“弦外之音”意义解释题，同义替换是答案，此类题有较少的明显的语言点可以指示答案，难度较大。听音时关注说话者的语气。　　【正确项分析】女士所谓的好消息是谈话的两个人都没有被炒鱿鱼。男士却既不兴奋，也没有表示怀疑，所以轻易排除选项B、C。因为他已经有点厌倦这份工作了，甚至想到要去辞职。与选项A意义相符。　　【原文及译文】　　W:Bill,haveyouheardthelatestnews?Itappearswetwowon’tbelaidoffafterall.　　M:Oh,I’msomewhattiredofworkinghere.I’vebeenwonderingwhetherIshouldresign.Anyway,thenewsseemstobegoodforyou.　　Q:Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthenews?　　女士：比尔，知道最新消息吗?好像我俩都没有被炒鱿鱼。

92　　男士：哦，我在这儿工作有些厌烦了，我一直在考虑我是否应该辞职。无论如何，这个消息对你来说是个好事。　　问题：男士对新闻是怎么看的?　　【词汇点拨】indifferenta.漠不关心的;doubtfula.持怀疑态度的;layoff解雇;resignv.辞职;betiredof…对……厌倦Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　19.A)Heprefersthesmallereveningclasses.A)他更喜欢晚上的小班课程。　　B)Hehassignedupforadaycourse.B)他已经报名参加白天课程。　　C)Hehastoworkduringtheday.C)他白天上班。　　D)Hefindstheeveningcoursecheaper.D)他发现晚上课程更便宜。　　【听音指导】预览选项，选项A、D讨论eveningclass，选项B讲述daycourse，立刻可推测此长对话与课程有关，且该课程有dayclass和eveningclass之分。从这四个选项暗含的意义推测，男士应偏重于eveningclass，可初步推测，此题考查男士选择eveningclass的原因。　　【正确项分析】原文中男士明确说明itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday，关键词在于since，正所谓“因果必考”，选项C与原文相符。　　20.A)Learnacomputerlanguage.A)学习一门计算机语言。　　B)Learndataprocessing.B)学习数据处理。　　C)Buysomecomputersoftware.C)买一些电脑软件。　　D)Buyafewcoursebooks.D)买一些课本。　　【听音指导】行为动作考查题，根据19题推测，本对话涉及报班，由本题四个选项可知，所报课程与电脑有关，因为前三项均与computer有关。可知选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题也为一细节题，在听力过程中，应适时记录相关信息。　　【正确项分析】女士先提到了Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing，在其后紧跟着又对其进行了解释dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebeforeyoucantakecomputerprogramming。对于dataprocessing在对话中重复出现，且与问题相符，故选择B选项。　　21.A)Thursdayevening,from7:00to9:45.A)周四晚，7点至9点45分。　　B)FromSeptember1toNewYear’seve.B)从9月1号至新年前夕。　　C)EveryMonday,lastingfor12weeks.C)每周一，持续12周。　　D)Threehoursaweek,45hoursintotal.D)一星期三小时，总共45小时。　　【听音指导】由选项即可知本题考查数字的细节题，且考查的数字为持续的时间，初步推测为某一课程所持续的时间。所以如在听力过程中涉及数字都要作笔记，且应注意数字的上下文场景。　　【正确项分析】对该问题的回答，信息较分散，最初提到了everyMonday,from7to9:45。接下来在letmesee停顿之后出现答案12weeks，fromSeptember1toChristmaseve.整合以上信息，应选C。　　【干扰项分析】选项A错在Thursdayevening，原文中明确给出应该是Monday

93evening。选项B中的NewYear’seve也是偷梁换柱，应为Christmaseve。选项D涉及小计算，每晚3小时，持续12周，应大约总共36小时才正确。　　22.A)Whattobringforregistration.A)登记时需要带什么。　　B)Wheretoattendtheclass.B)到哪里去上课。　　C)HowhecangettoFrostHall.C)去弗罗斯特大厅怎么走。　　D)Whetherhecanuseacheck.D)他是否能用支票。　　【听音指导】根据“前二后二必考”原则，本题又为本对话的最后一题，此题必在文章后面出题。由四选项的形式可初步推测，本题考查的是问题的内容。　　【正确项分析】本题的问题直截了当，在原文中男士给出了明确的提问，IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?与选项A同义。　　【干扰项分析】许多考生按照常理或主观臆测选定选项B，此项在原文中恰恰没有提到。原文中男士也明确表明Iknowhowtogetthere，选项C是多余的。文中虽提到checkbook，是女士对男士问题的回答，而非男士的发问，故排除。　　【原文及译文】　　W:Hello,ParksonCollege.MayIhelpyou?　　M:Yes.I’mlookingforinformationoncoursesincomputerprogramming.Iwouldneeditforthefallsemester.　　W:Doyouwantadayoreveningcourse?　　M:Well,itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday.　　W:Aha.Haveyoutakenanycoursesindataprocessing?　　M:No.　　W:Oh!Well,dataprocessingisacourseyouhavetotakebeforeyoucantakecomputerprogramming.　　M:Oh,Isee.Well,whenisitgiven?IhopeitisnotonThursdays.　　W:Well,there’saclassthatmeetsonMondayeveningsat7.　　M:Justonceaweek?　　W:Yes.Butthat’salmost3hoursfrom7to9:45.　　M:Oh!Well,that’salright.Icouldmanagethat.Howmanyweeksdoesthecourselast?　　W:Mm,letmesee.12weeks.YoustartthefirstweekinSeptember,andfinish,oh,justbeforeChristmas.December21st.　　M:Andhowmuchisthecourse?　　W:That’s300dollarsincludingthenecessarycomputertime.　　M:Ah-hum.Okay,Eh,wheredoIgotoregister?　　W:RegistrationisonthesecondandthirdofSeptemberbetween6and9inFrostHall.

94　　M:Isthattheroundbuildingbehindtheparkinglot?　　W:Yes,that’stheone.　　M:Oh,Iknowhowtogetthere.IsthereanythingthatIshouldbringwithme?　　W:No,justyourcheckbook.　　M:Well,thankyouverymuch.　　W:You’reverywelcome.Bye!　　M:Bye!　　19:Whydoesthemanchoosetotakeaneveningcourse?　　20:Whatdoesthemanhavetodobeforetakingthecourseofcomputerprogramming?　　21:Whatdowelearnaboutthescheduleoftheeveningcourse?　　22:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknowattheendoftheconversation?　　女士：你好。帕克森大学，有什么事需要帮忙吗?　　男士：是的。我想咨询有关计算机程序设计课程的信息。我想在秋季学期上课。　　女士：白天上课还是晚上上课?　　男士：哦，因为我白天工作，我想晚上上课。　　女士：嗯。你学过关于数据处理的课程吗?　　男士：没有。　　女士：哦!好的，在学习计算机编程之前必须学习数据处理。　　男士：哦，我明白了。数据处理什么时候上课?我希望不是星期四。　　女士：哦，有一个班在周一晚上7点。　　男士：一周仅上一次?　　女士：是的。从7点到9点45分，差不多3个小时。　　男士：哦!没关系，我可以做到。几个星期的课程?　　女士：嗯，让我看看。12周。你从九月第一次周末开始，哦，圣诞节前夕12月21日结课。　　男士：这门课程多少钱?　　女士：300美元，包括必要的上机时间。　　男士：好的，嗯，我到哪里去登记?　　女士：在9月2号、3号6点至9点在弗罗斯特大厅登记。　　男士：是停车场后面的圆形大楼吗?　　女士：是的，就是那儿。　　男士：哦，我知道怎么到那儿去。我必须要带什么东西吗?　　女士：不用，只要带着支票簿即可。　　男士：哦，太谢谢了。

95　　女士：不用客气。再见!　　男士：再见!　　19：为什么男士选择晚间上课?　　20：在上计算机程序设计课程之前必须要做什么?　　21：我们能从晚间课程了解到什么信息?　　22：在谈话最后男士想了解什么信息?　　【词汇点拨】coursen.课程;computerprogramming计算机编程;dataprocessing数据处理;parkinglot停车场;schedulen.时间表Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.　　23.A)Atrainingcoach.A)教练员。　　B)Atradingadviser.B)商业顾问。　　C)Aprofessionalmanager.C)职业经理。　　D)Afinancialtrader.D)金融交易商。　　【听音指导】本题为本长对话的第一题，出题点必在对话开始，由选项可知，本题涉及职业，对于职业的考查也是前几年四级考试的重点。　　【正确项分析】男士在文中明确提及tradinginfinancialmarkets，根据同义推断原理，可推断该男士的职业是financialtrader.　　24.A)Hecansaveonlivingexpenses.A)他可以节省生活费用。　　B)Heconsiderscookingcreative.B)他认为烹饪是具有创新性的。　　C)Hecanenjoyhealthierfood.C)他喜欢健康食物。　　D)Hethinkstake-awayistasteless.D)他觉得外带食品不好吃。　　【听音指导】预览选项，可知选项A与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。本题与食物或烹饪有关。所以在听音过程中，如提及cooking或food，应多加注意，适时记录。　　【正确项分析】听音过程中听到此句Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatake-away，即可知答案就在附近，接下来的一句Todosomethingmybrainwillregardascreative中，出现了关键词creative，选项B与之相符，故选择B选项。　　25.A)Itissomethinginevitable.A)是某种不可避免的事情。　　B)Itisfrustratingsometimes.B)有时候令人沮丧。　　C)Ittakespatiencetomanage.C)它需要耐心来管理。　　D)Itcanbeagoodthing.D)它可能是件好事。　　【听音指导】本题是细节加评论题，关键要弄清楚各选项中it所指代的内容。本文出现频率最多的词是stress，可大胆推测，此题考查的是对stress的评述。本题又是此长对话的最后一题，答案应在听力对话的后两句。

96　　【正确项分析】Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.只要抓住此句中的一个关键词uncertainty，此题便可轻易而解，选项A正确。　　【原文及译文】　　W:So,whyexactlydoesyourjobhaveareputationforbeingstressful?　　M:Stressisgenerallydrivenbythefeelingofbeingoutofcontrolofasituationandthefeelingofasituationcontrollingyou.Tradinginfinancialmarketscombinesboth.　　W:Howdoyourelaxintheevening?　　M:Iveryrarelydoanythingwork-relatedsoit’seasytoescapethemarkets.Igenerallygotothegymorgoforarun,especiallyifI’vehadabadday.Ialwayscookamealratherthanhaveatake-away.Todosomethingmybrainwouldregardascreative.　　W:Doyouthinkwhatyoudoforrelaxationisaneffectivewaytobeatstress?　　M:Idon’tthinkthereisaspecificruleabouthowtobeatstress.IgenerallyfindoutwhatIdoiseffectiveforme.　　W:Wouldyouconsiderchangingyourjobbecauseofthehighstressfactor?　　M:Ihaveconsideredleavingmyjobduetostress-relatedfactors.However,Idothinkthatanelementofstressisagoodthing,andifusedtherightway,itcanactuallybeapositivething.　　W:Whatdoyouenjoyaboutthestressfulaspectsofyourjob?　　M:Havingsaidallthat,Idoactuallyenjoyanelementofuncertainty.Ienjoyamentalchallenge.Tradinggeneratesawiderangeofemotionssecondbysecond.Howyoudealwithandmanagethoseemotionsdictatesshort,mediumandlongtermtradingperformanceandsuccess.　　23:Whatistheman’sjob?　　24:Whydoesthemanprefertocookamealratherthanhaveatake-away?　　25:Whatdoesthemansayaboutanelementofstressinhisjob?　　女士：那么，到底为什么你的工作以紧张出名呢?　　男士：当人们束手无策或感觉被控制时，就会有压力感。金融市场上的交易正是这两者的结合。　　女士：你晚上如何放松?　　男士：我很少做与工作有关的事情，所以很容易逃脱市场。我通常去健身房或是出去跑步。尤其是在我感觉某天很糟糕的时候，更是如此。我总是做饭，而不是叫外卖。做点儿有创意的事。　　女士：你认为你放松自己的方法对消除压力有效吗?　　男士：消除压力没有特定的法宝。总的来说，我发现我所做的一切对我来说都是有效的。　　女士：你是否因压力大而考虑换工作呢?　　男士：因为压力的因素我曾考虑过离开我的工作。但是，我认为压力是一件好事。如果运用得当，压力实际上是有益的。

97　　女士：你喜欢工作中的哪些压力?　　男士：说了这么多，我的确喜欢不确定因素。我喜欢挑战。交易会在瞬间产生一系列大范围的情绪波动。你如何处理及管理这些情绪支配着中短期及长期交易业绩和成功。　　23：男士的工作是什么?　　24：为什么男士喜欢做饭，而不是叫外卖?　　25：关于工作中的压力感，男士说了什么?　　【词汇点拨】reputationn.名声，名气;combinev.合并;financiala.金融的;take-away外带食品;positivea.积极的，有益的;uncertaintyn.不确定性SectionB　　PassageOne　　篇章结构　　本次四级听力篇章从内容难度上来讲，比2009年6月的更难。此篇文章属于天文类，讲的是除地球以外的星球上形成生命的可能性。曾经科学家们认为其他星球上存在生命的可能性不大，但是现在科学家在渐渐地定位那些有可能会形成生命的地方。文章对此举了一个例子，就是木星的一个卫星，叫木卫二。　　词汇点拨　　fascinateda.着迷的;surfacen.表面;bacterian细菌;automaticallyad.自动地;proben.探头，探针;evolutionn.进化　　话题词汇　　beneathprep.在……之下　　Jupitern.木星　　moonn.卫星，月球　　nitrogenn.氮　　planetn.行星，星球　　volcanicactivity火山活动　　难句解析　　1.Sinceearlytimes,peoplehavebeenfascinatedwiththeideaoflifeexistingsomewhereelsebesidesearth.　　【解析】sinceearlytimes作时间状语，主句主语为people，谓语为befascinatedwith，即“对……着迷”，着迷的对象是ideaoflife，existingsomewhereelsebesidesearth为现在分词作定语修饰名词life。　　2.TheprobeshavealsomadescientiststhinkthatunderitssurfaceEuropahasarockycoregivingoffvolcanicheat.　　【解析】本句主句部分谓语成分为makesb.do

98sth.，让某人做某事，that引出think的从句。从句的主语为Europa，givingoffvolcanicheat作定语修饰has的宾语arockycore。　　试题详解　　26.A)Therewerenoplanetswithoutmoons.A)除了卫星外没有行星。　　B)TherewasnoairorwateronJupiter.B)在木星上没有空气或水。　　C)Lifewasnotpossibleinouterspace.C)在外空是没有生命的。　　D)ThemysteryoflifecouldnotberesolvedD)生命的奥秘是不能解决的。　　【听音指导】预览选项，可知本题考查细节事实题。鉴于此题位于本短文的第一题，答案应在最初几句中找到，具体的说，是在开头30秒。选项D与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时关注noplanets，noairorwater还是nolife。　　【正确项分析】第一题问的是科学家曾经(once)相信什么事实?那么根据我们的理解，应该是他们认为外太空不可能存在生命。这个答案出现在原文的第二句，原文是Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedthatlifeonotherplanetswasjustahopefuldream，意为科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。故选择C项。　　27.A)Ithasanumberofactivevolcanoes.A)有很多活火山。　　B)Ithasanatmosphereliketheearth’s.B)有像地球上的大气层。　　C)Ithasalargeoceanunderitssurface.C)在它的表面有一个大海洋。　　D)Ithasdeepcavesseveralmileslong.D)有几英里长的深洞穴。　　【听音指导】通过选项即可确定本题为对于某一事物的细节描述题，所以首先要解决各选项中it所指的内容。由第一题选项可初步推测，本题很可能考查的是对一个星球的描述。　　【正确项分析】问题为科学家在木卫二星球上找到什么，那么应该是SpaceprobeshaveprovidedevidencethatEuropahasalargeoceanunderitssurface，意为航空观测镜发现了星球表面下有个大的海洋。C选项与原文一模一样。　　28.A)Lightisnotanessentialelementtoit.A)光不是必备因素。　　B)Lifecanforminveryhottemperatures.B)生命在很热的温度下能够形成。　　C)Everyformoflifeundergoesevolution.C)每种生命的形成都需要进化。　　D)Oxygenisnotneededforsomelifeforms.D)氧在生命形成过程中没有必要。　　【听音指导】根据惯例，最后一个问题答案出现在篇章结束前三十秒左右，选项均涉及生命形成因素，分别为light，hottemperatures，evolution和oxygen，根据这些信息，可轻易在短文结束前找到答案。　　【正确项分析】注意转折连词but前后，原文为Untilrecently,scientiststhoughtthatlightwasessential.Butnow,placeshavebeenfoundonearththatareintotalblacknesssuchascavesseveralmilesbeneaththeocean.Andbacteria,primitiveformsoflife,havebeenseenthere。意为科学家一直以为光是很重要的，但是现在他们发现完全黑暗的地方—比如几英里深的洞里，也有生命，即细菌。可见，光不是必备因素，选项A正确。

99　　原文及译文　　Sinceearlytimes,peoplehavebeenfascinatedwiththeideaoflifeexistingsomewhereelsebesidesearth.Untilrecently,scientistsbelievedthatlifeonotherplanetswasjustahopefuldream.Butnowtheyarebeginningtolocateplaceswherelifecouldform.In1997,theysawevidenceofplanetsnearotherstarslikethesun.Butscientistsnowthinkthatlifecouldbeevennearerinourownsolarsystem.OneplanetscientistsarestudyingverycloselyisEuropa,amoonofJupiter.SpaceprobeshaveprovidedevidencethatEuropahasalargeoceanunderitssurface.TheprobeshavealsomadethescientiststhinkthatunderitssurfaceEuropahasarockycoregivingoffvolcanicheat.Waterandheatfromvolcanicactivityaretwobasicconditionsneededforlifetoform.Athirdiscertainbasicchemicalssuchascarbon,oxygenandnitrogen.ScientistsbelievetheremightbesuchchemicalslyingatthebottomofEuropa’socean.Theymayhavealreadycreatedlifeormaybeaboutto.Youmaywonderiflightisalsoneededforlifetoform.Untilrecently,scientiststhoughtthatlightwasessential.Butnow,placeshavebeenfoundonearththatareintotalblacknesssuchascavesseveralmilesbeneaththeocean.Andbacteria,primitiveformsoflifehavebeenseenthere.SothelackoflightinEuropa’ssub-surfaceoceandoesn’tautomaticallyruleoutlifeforming.　　26.Whatdidscientistsoncebelieveaccordingtothepassage?　　27.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutEuropa,amoonofJupiter?　　28.Whathavescientistscometoknowrecentlyabouttheformationoflife?　　从很早以前，人们一直迷恋着地球以外的地方也存在生命的想法。直到近来，科学家们认为在其他星球上存在生命只不过是个充满希望的梦。但是，现在他们开始查找可能有生命的地方。1997年，科学家们在恒星附近，例如太阳，发现了行星的踪迹。科学家们现在认为生命可能我们更近，就在太阳系内。科学家们正密切关注的地方是木卫二，木星的一个卫星。太空探测器提供了证据表明木卫二表层之下有一个海洋。探测器也让科学家们认为木卫二表层有散发出火山热的岩石核心。火山活动的水和热量是生命形成的两个基本条件。第三个是一些基本的化学物质，如碳、氧和氮。科学家们认为在木卫二海洋底部可能存在这样的化学成分。他们可能已经创造了生命或即将产生生命。你可能在想光也是生命形成的必要条件。直到最近，科学家们仍认为光是不可或缺的。但现在已经在地球上发现，海洋几英里之下的黑暗的洞穴内有细菌，即原始生命形式的存在。所以不能排除缺乏光的木卫二地下海洋有生命形成的可能性。　　26.根据短文，科学家曾相信什么?　　27.科学家们发现关于木卫二的什么信息?　　28.最近，科学家就生命的形成了解到什么?　　PassageTwo　　篇章结构

100　　本篇讲述医生发现用纸记录下的东西比口语交流的信息更加准确和稳定。问题源自一位医生在对一个孩子的家庭口述交待了出院后的注意事项之后，发现这些亲属们竟然记不清到底医生讲了些什么，于是医生决定在以后交待注意事项的时候要把这些内容全印成纸质的东西，因为纸质的东西比口语更可靠。　　词汇点拨　　sufferv.遭受;confusinga.令人迷惑的;episoden.插曲;versionn.版本;challengev.挑战　　话题词汇　　contextn.上下文　　physiciann.内科医生　　recoverv.恢复　　stabilityn.稳定性　　actout表演出来　　emergencyroom急诊室　　oralcommunication口头交际　　tailoredto定制的　　难句解析　　1.Alsolisteningtoherwereahalfadozenotherfamilymembers.　　【解析】此句为倒装句，强调listeningtoher，主语为ahalfadozenotherfamilymembers。正常语序为：Ahalfadozenotherfamilymemberswerealsolisteningtoher.　　2.AllofthemhadheardthesimpleinstructionsIhavegivenjustafewhoursbefore,buttheyhavethreeorfourdifferentversions.　　【解析】本句两分句由连词but连接，hadheard为过去完成时，表示在家人问玛雅医生之前就发生了此动作。Ihavegivenjustafewhoursbefore做定语修饰thesimpleinstructions，省略连接词that。试题详解　　29.A)Whethertheyshouldtakethechildhome.A)他们是否应该将孩子带回家。　　B)WhatDr.Mayer’sinstructionsexactlywere.B)玛雅医生的医嘱到底是什么。　　C)Whoshouldtakecareofthechildathome.C)谁在家照顾孩子。　　D)Whenthechildwouldcompletelyrecover.D)什么时候这个孩子能完全恢复。　　【听音指导】浏览四个选项，应注意到都为wh-开头的疑问词，且提到了医生和孩子，takecareof以及recover，可初步推测此题涉及的场景为医院，病人为孩子。　　【正确项分析】问题为孩子的家人因为什么而争论，原文为thefamilyaskedhertosettleanargumentthey’dbeenhavingoverexactlywhatadviceshehadgiven，意为亲属们就医生到底讲过什么建议争论不休，问医生如何解决。选项B中的instructions与原文的advice同义，选项B正确。　　30.A)Sheencouragesthemtoaskquestionswhenindoubt.A)她鼓励他们拿不准时就提问题。　　B)Shemakesthemwritedownallherinstructions.B)她让他们记下她的医嘱。

101　　C)Shehasthemactoutwhattheyaretodoathome.C)她让他们把将在家里做的事情表演出来。　　D)Sheasksthemtorepeatwhataresupposedtodo.D)她让他们复述要做的事。　　【听音指导】由第一题的选项可很有把握地推测she指代的是DoctorMyer，而与医生相对的多半为病人。注意关键词askquestion，writedown，actout和repeat。　　【正确项分析】玛雅医生如何确定病人完全明白了自己的建议呢?原文为Sheasksthemtotellherwhattheythinktheyaresupposedtodo，原文的tellher与选项D中的关键词repeat一致，选项D为正确答案，　　31.A)Itlacksthestabilityoftheprintedword.A)它缺乏印刷体的稳定性。　　B)Itcontainsmanygrammaticalerrors.B)它包含许多语法错误。　　C)Itisheavilydependentonthecontext.C)它十分依赖上下文语境。　　D)Itfacilitatesinterpersonalcommunication.D)它有助于人际交往。　　【听音指导】本题为短文最后一题，应在文章最后出现。需要注意关键字stability，errors，context和communication。　　【正确项分析】此题是典型的篇章问题考法。答案出现在结尾处，问题是作者对于人类口语交流(humanspeech)总结了什么。原文为humanspeechlacksthestabilityandpermanenceoftheprintedword，与选项A一致。　　原文及译文　　Inherearlydaysasanemergencyroomphysician,DoctorJoannaMayertreatedachildwhohadsufferedaseconddegreeburn.Afterthechildhadbeentreatedandwasbeingpreparedfordischarge,DoctorMayertalkedtotheparentsabouthowtheyshouldcareforthechildathome.Alsolisteningtoherwereahalfadozenotherfamilymembers.Afewhourslater,whenshecametosaygoodbye,thefamilyaskedhertosettleanargumentthey’dbeenhavingoverexactlywhatadviceshehadgiven.“AsItalkedtothem,Iwasamazed.”shesaid,“AllofthemhadheardthesimpleinstructionsIhavegivenjustafewhoursbefore,buttheyhavethreeorfourdifferentversions.Themostbasicdetailswereunclearandconfusing.Iwassurprised,becausethesewereintelligentpeople.”ThisepisodegaveDoctorMayerherfirstcluetosomethingeverydoctorlearnssoonerorlater----mostpeoplejustdon’tlistenverywell.　　Nowadays,shesayssherepeatsherinstructions,andevenconductsarealitycheckwithsomepatients.Sheasksthemtotellherwhattheythinktheyaresupposedtodo.Shealsoprovidestake-homesheetswhicharecomputerprintoutstailoredtothepatients’situation.Doc.Mayer’slistenersarenotunusual.Whennewordifficultmaterialispresented,almostalllistenersarefacedwithachallengebecausehumanspeechlacksthestabilityandpermanenceoftheprintedword.Oralcommunicationisfast-movingandimpermanent.　　29.Whatdidthechild’sfamilymembersargueaboutinthehospital?　　30.WhatdoesDoc.Mayerdotoinsureherpatientsunderstandherinstructions?

102　　31.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthumanspeech?　　乔安娜•玛雅是一名急诊室医生。早年，她曾医治了一名二度烧伤的孩子。这个孩子接受完治疗准备出院时，玛雅医生告诉孩子父母在家如何照顾孩子，在场的还有六位家庭其他成员。几小时后，当她来与孩子再见的时候，孩子一家请她解决争论，他们一直争论她的医嘱到底是什么。“因为我已经告诉过他们，所以我很惊讶。”她说，“他们所有的人都在短短几小时前听到了我给出的简单的医嘱，但是他们有三、四个不同的版本。最基本的细节都不清楚且很困惑。我很吃惊，因为这些是聪明人。”这一段插曲给了玛雅医生第一个线索，而这迟早每个医生都会懂得，即大多数人听的不准确。　　如今，玛雅说她反复重复医嘱，甚至对一些病人进行现场核查。她要他们告诉她他们应该做的事。她还根据病人的情况提供可带回家的打印文本。玛雅医生的听众都是正常人。当面对新资料或难度较大的资料时，几乎所有的听众都会面临挑战，因为人类口语缺乏书面文字的稳定性和永久性。口头交流速度快但持续时间短。　　29.孩子的家庭成员在医院里争论的是什么?　　30.为确保病人明白她的医嘱，玛雅医生做了什么?　　31.说话者如何评述人类口语?　　PassageThree　　篇章结构　　此篇讲的是商务工作中对员工的激励机制。主要内容为公司对员工的激励机制并非是人们通常以为的工资或者工作环境，而是工作中的挑战。　　词汇点拨　　challenginga.挑战性的;logicala.合理的;manuallyad.手动地;identifyv.认同;tediousa.单调的，沉闷的　　话题词汇　　arbitrarilyad.专横地　　mechanicala.机械的　　roboticsn.机器人学　　bydefinition当然　　jobsecurity职业安全感　　laborrelations劳资关系　　难句解析　　1.It’slogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,goodworkingconditions,goodwagesandbenefitsandjobsecuritymotivateworkers,butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers.

103　　【解析】此句结构是由转折连词but引导的两个分句。前面一个分句中，it做形式主语，后面的不定式tosuppose是真正主语。That引导宾语从句，介词like以及其引导内容做things的后置定语。后面一个分句中，oneexpert与FrederickHerzberg为同位语，that后引导宾语从句。　　2.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there’realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.　　【解析】本句主句为therebe句型，常见的短语withthedevelopmentof作时间状语，意为“随着……的发展”。jobs和people为表语，三个并列形容词boring，repetitive和mechanical一起修饰jobs，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词unskilledpeople试题详解　　32.A)Jobsecurity.A)职业安全感。　　B)Goodlaborrelations.B)愉快的劳资关系。　　C)Challengingwork.C)挑战性的工作。　　D)Attractivewagesandbenefits.D)有吸引力的工资和利益。　　【听音指导】预览选项中的关键词jobsecurity，laborrelation，work，和wagesandbenefits可知，此篇短文主旨与工作有关，可初步推测与人们对工作的满足感有关。　　【正确项分析】此题问的是主题，到底什么可以真正激励员工好好工作呢。原文Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognitionandresponsibility，连接词incontrast附近出现了答案，意为起到激励作用的东西包括工作的挑战性和趣味性，以及工作中需承担的责任即最终获得的认可。所以选选项C，即挑战性的工作。　　【干扰项分析】原文首句虽谈及选项A、B、D各项内容，但是but转折后全盘否定butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers。故可全部排除。　　33.A)Manytediousjobscontinuetobedonemanually.A)许多单调工作继续由手工做。　　B)Moreandmoreunskilledworkerswilllosejobs.B)越来越多的非技术工人将失业。　　C)Computerswillchangethenatureofmanyjobs.C)电脑将改变很多工作性质。　　D)Boringjobswillgraduallybemadeenjoyable.D)无聊的工作将变得快乐。　　【听音指导】从选项内容可知，本题考查的是工作的性质，应注意关键提示词—tedious，unskilledandlosejob，computer和boringandenjoyable。　　【正确项分析】此题问到作者对电脑信息时代总结了什么。从原文中However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there’realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.，连接词however后出现了答案。意为，尽管电脑和机器人技术不断发展，还是存在无聊的、重复的、机械性的工作，需要人力完成，对应到正确答案A选项中的tedious以及manually。　　34.A)Offerthemchancesofpromotion.A)提供给他们晋升机会。　　B)Improvetheirworkingconditions.B)改善他们的工作条件。

104　　C)Encouragethemtocompetewitheachother.C)鼓励他们相互竞争。　　D)Givethemresponsibilitiesaspartofateam.D)给他们责任，让他们成为团队一部分。　　【听音指导】此题为一细节题。选项B与其他三项明显不同，可初步排除。听音时，注意选项中的promotion，compete和team。　　【正确项分析】原文中激励超市员工工作是个案，但是问题本身针对的是总结性的答案。即出现在forexample前的总结句：Givethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasapartofateam。but后强调的是team，正确答案为选项D。　　35.A)Theywillnotbringrealbenefitstothestaff.A)他们将不能给员工带来真正利益。　　B)Theyconcernasmallnumberofpeopleonly.B)他们与少数人相关。　　C)Theyarearbitrarilysetbytheadministrators.C)是管理人员随意制定的。　　D)Theyarebeyondthecontrolofordinaryworkers.D)他们超出了普通工人的控制。　　【听音指导】首先意识到最后一题的答案应在文章结束前几句找，由各选项可知，所描述的对象并不是积极的，而是有负面影响的。　　【正确项分析】为什么金钱诱惑刺激不了工作热情，答案出现在结尾前30秒处，即Suchvaluesaremorelikelytomotivateworkersthanfinancialtargetswhichautomaticallyonlyconcernafewpeople，意为团队精神更能激起工作热情，因为金钱利益最终只会与团队中的个别人相关。答案为选项B。　　原文及译文　　It’slogicaltosupposethatthingslikegoodlaborrelations,goodworkingconditions,goodwagesandbenefitsandjobsecuritymotivateworkers,butoneexpert,FrederickHerzbergarguedthatsuchconditionsdonotmotivateworkers.Theyaremerelysatisfiers.Motivators,incontrast,includethingssuchashavingachallengingandinterestingjob,recognitionandresponsibility.However,evenwiththedevelopmentofcomputersandrobotics,there’realwaysplentyofboring,repetitiveandmechanicaljobsandlotsofunskilledpeoplewhohavetodothem.Sohowdomanagersmotivatepeopleinsuchjobs?Onesolutionistogivethemsomeresponsibilities,notasindividuals,butasateam.Forexample,somesupermarketscombineofficestaff,thepeoplewhofilltheshelves,andthepeoplewhoworkatthecheckoutintoateam,andletthemdecidewhatproductlinestostock,howtodisplaythemandsoon.Manypeoplenowtalkabouttheimportanceofacompany’ssharedvaluesorculturewithwhichallthestaffcanidentify,forexample,beingthebesthotelchain,ormakingthebest,themostuser-friendlyorthemostreliableproductsinaparticularfield.Suchvaluesaremorelikelytomotivateworkersthanfinancialtargetswhichultimatelyonlyconcernafewpeople.Unfortunately,there’sonlyalimitednumberofsuchgoalstogoaroundandbydefinition,notallthecompetingcompaniesinanindustrycanseriouslyplayintobethebest.　　32:WhatcanactuallymotivateworkersaccordingtoFrederickHerzberg?　　33:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutjobsinthecomputerera?

105　　34:Whatdosomesupermarketsdotomotivateemployees?　　35:Whydoesthespeakersayfinancialtargetsarelesslikelytomotivateworkers?　　认为良好的劳资关系、愉悦的工作环境、较高的工资和福利待遇、工作安全性好能够激励员工，这是完全符合逻辑的。然而，专家弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格认为这些条件并不能激励员工，只是让员工得到满足的物质条件而已。相反，激励因素包括挑战性和趣味性的工作、认可和责任等。然而，即使随着计算机技术和机器人技术的发展，仍有大量无聊的、重复的和机械的工作，并且还必须有大量做这些工作的非技术人员。所以管理人员如何激励从事这种工作的人呢?一种解决办法就是让他们承担责任，不是作为个人，而是作为团队。例如，有些超市把办公室人员、填货人和收银员编成一组，让他们决定进什么货、产品如何陈列等。现在很多人在谈论员工认同的公司的价值观和公司文化的重要性，如怎样成为最好的旅馆连锁，或在某一特定领域做最好的，用户最亲善的或者最可靠的产品。这样的价值观比那些只与少数人有关的财务目标更有可能激励员工。不幸的是，只有个别公司才会有这样的目标，当然，并不是所有的竞争公司在业界都能做成最好的。　　32：根据弗洛迪克•赫兹伯格的观点，什么可以激励员工?　　33：说话者就计算机时代的工作发表了什么观点?　　34：一些超市为激励员工采取了什么措施?　　35：为什么说财务目标不太可能激发员工?SectionC　　原文重现　　Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.Thesemethodscanbe(36)classifiedintothreetypesofinformationalwriting:factual,descriptive,andprocess.Factualwritingprovides(37)backgroundinformationonanauthor,composerorartistoronatypeofmusic,literature,orart.Examplesoffactualwritingincludenotesonabookjacketor(38)albumcoverandlongerpieces,suchasanarticledescribingastyleofmusicwhichyoumightreadinamusic(39)appreciationcourse.Thiskindofwritingprovidesa(40)contextforyourstudyofthehumanities.　　Asitsname(41)implies,descriptivewritingsimplydescribesorprovidesan(42)imageof,apieceofmusic,artorliterature.Forexample,descriptivewritingmightlistthecolorsanartistusedinapaintingorthe(43)instrumentsacomposerincludedinamusicalcomposition,soastomakepicturesofsoundsinthereaders’mindbycallingupspecificdetailsofthework.(44)Descriptivewritinginhumanity,particularlyinliteratureisoftenmixedwithcriticalwriting.　　Processwritingexplainsaseriesofactionsthatbringaboutaresult.(45)Ittellsthereaderhowtodosomething,forexample,explainingthetechniqueusedtoshowafilm.Thiskindofwritingisoftenfoundinart,whereunderstandinghowanarthascreatedacertaineffectisimportant.(46)Authorsmayactuallyusemorethanonetypeoftechniquesinthegivenpieceofinformationalwriting.

106　　篇章结构　　此次复合式听写的话题比较专业，介绍了三类写作题材，即事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。短文结构，先总后分。原文中充斥了许多长难词，致使考生预读时就一头雾水。尤其是全文的首句：Inthehumanities,authorswritetoinformyouinmanyways.关键是要正确理解humanities(人文学科)一词。　　词汇点拨　　humanitiesn.人文学科;contextn.环境，语境，上下文;techniquen.技巧　　话题词汇　　composern.作曲家　　bookjacket护封　　instrumentn.乐器　　backgroundinformation背景知识　　musicappreciation音乐鉴赏　　musicalcomposition乐曲　　试题详解　　36.【听音指导】根据空前后内容，可推测此空意为“归类成……”，轻易可以联想到常考词classified，构成beclassifiedinto结构。　　37.【听音指导】事实性写作方式会提供什么样的信息，在预读时，很容易将其推测为形容词，但background是常见词，而backgroundinformation作为背景知识，在日常生活中常常用到。　　38.【听音指导】此空中的内容与book，longpiece并列，可知此空填写的词为名词，且与book等为一类。album发音特殊，一般不会与其他词相混，应注意拼写。　　39.【听音指导】由题意很容易判断此部分应为音乐鉴赏课，此空的难点在于appreciation(“鉴赏”)这个词的拼写。appreciate作动词，意为鉴赏，此空需要其名词形式。　　40.【听音指导】为研究人文学科提供环境，其中context是高频词，几乎在每次考试中都能考到，此题不易失分。　　41.【听音指导】此句话应理解为“正如名字所显示的那样”，立刻可以联系到show等词，而原文中的imply在以往四级考试中也反复出现。　　42.【听音指导】描述性的写作能提供什么?立刻就想到形象、印象。image这个词很容易填出。　　43.【听音指导】作曲家所用的音乐器具，自然为musicalinstrument。然而此空需要注意的是它的复数形式。　　44.【听音指导】此段讲述的是descriptivewriting，此句位于本段的最后一句，应为总结性话语。答案为Descriptivewritinginthehumanities,particularlyinliteratureisoftenmixedwithcriticalwriting。particularly可替换为especially，bemixedwith意为“与……混合”。也可写为Descriptivewritingismixedwithcritical

107writing，那么既保留了句子的大意，而且也能规避如particularly这样的长难词。采分点为descriptivewriting和criticalwriting。　　45.【听音指导】此段讲述的是processingwriting，按照惯例此句为对其的总结性解释。shootafilm，意为拍电影。采分点为howtodosomething和technique。　　46.【听音指导】整篇文章为总分式，先总述了三种写作题材，然后分别讲述每种写作题材的适用范围。此空独立成句，很可能论述三部分适用范围的交集。采分点为morethanonetypeoftechniqueisusedinwriting。　　全文精译　　在人文学科中，作者可以通过多种写作方式告知读者信息。这些方法可分为三类信息写作题材：事实性的，描述性的和解说性的。事实性写作提供了一位作家、作曲家或艺术家或者是一种音乐、文学或艺术的背景信息。事实性写作包括封面上的说明和专辑封面，较长的作品如音乐鉴赏课中可能读到的描述一种音乐风格的文章。这种写作题材为人文学科研究提供了依据。　　正如它的名字所暗示的，描写性写作指简单的描述或为一段音乐、一种艺术和文学树立一种形象。例如，描写性写作可能介绍一位艺术家在画中用过的色彩，或一位乐器作曲家在音乐作品中所用的乐器。通过具体描述，在读者的脑海里留下声音的图画。人文学科中的描写性写作，特别在文学中，经常与评论式写作共同使用。　　解说性写作是解释会带来某种结果的一系列的行动。它告诉读者如何做某事，例如，拍电影的技术。这种写作往往用于艺术中，因为理解艺术家如何创造了一种特定效果是很重要的。在一篇指定的信息写作中，作者可以运用多种写作技巧。　　PartIVReadingComprehension　　SectionA　　篇章结构　　全文共分为七段。第一段介绍了本文的主题——双职工家庭中，父亲可能比母亲对于孩子语言的发展有更大的影响力。第二至六段介绍研究者们对九十二个家庭的孩子的活动以及父母与之交流的语言进行了跟踪、调查，最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的言语进行了分析。研究者们发现父亲而非母亲的言语对孩子更有影响。最后一段，那达亚•潘克索发说可能因为在研究中能力强的母亲已经对孩子的言语发展产生了很大的影响，或者可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中没有测量。　　词汇热身　　【名词】aspects方面;characters性质，特征;quality质量　　【动词】analyzed分析;established确定的，证实的;quoted引用;recruited招聘，招募;contributing贡献，捐献;describing描述;recording记录　　【形容词】total总共的，总计的;unconscious不知道的，无意识的;unsure不确定;　　【副词】yet还，仍旧;already已经

108　　难句解析　　4.Researchersrecruited92familiesform11childcarecentersbeforetheirchildrenwereayearold,interviewingeachtoestablishincome,levelofeducationandchildcarearrangements.　　【解析】本句的主干是Researchersrecruited92families，主干之后form11childcarecenters是介词短语作定语,修饰families,而beforetheirchildrenwereayearold是时间状语从句。句子的第二部分interviewingeachto…是现在分词短语作谓语recruit的伴随状语。　　【译文】研究者们从十一个幼儿护理中心招募了九十二个家庭，他们的孩子都不到一岁，并且逐一了解他们的收入、受教育状况、以及孩子的照顾情况。　　5.“It’swellestablishedthatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact,”saidNadyaPancsofar,theleadauthorofthestudy.　　【解析】句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。其中It’swellestablishedthat…,意为“大家公认……”，而真正的主语thatthemother’slanguagedoeshaveanimpact中的does用来表示强调，意为“的确，确实”。　　【译文】该研究的主要作者那达亚•潘克索发说：“大家公认母亲的语言的确有影响力。”　　试题详解　　47.【快速解题】动词辨义题。　　K【火眼金睛】本句缺少谓语，根据句中before引导的时间状语从句中的过去时态，可以断定谓语动词应使用过去时。根据句意，备选动词中recruited符合题意。此外备选词中analyzed是强干扰项，但其实并不合适，因为“研究者们分析了92个家庭……，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。”其中“分析”与“逐一询问”在逻辑意义上不符。　　48.【快速解题】动词辨义题。　　J【火眼金睛】空格处在with短语中，且应该作宾语parents的补足语。根据句意可知此处应为“研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。”可以看出此处需填一个动名词，并含有“记录”的意思，备选动词中recording符合题意。　　49.【快速解题】动词辨义题。　　L【火眼金睛】空格位于the与number之间，可知此处需填入一个形容词作定语。备选形容词中total符合题意，意为“父母亲话语总的数量”。　　50.【快速解题】名词辨义题。　　C【火眼金睛】空格位于other之后，可知此处需填入名词，备选名词只有aspects符合题意，意为“科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量，使用不同词汇的数量，他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。”51.【快速解题】动词辨义题。　　B【火眼金睛】空格在主语the

109researchers之后，可知此处应填入谓语动词的过去时态。剩余的备选动词中analyzed符合题意，意为“最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究者们对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。”　　52.【快速解题】名词辨义题。　　H【火眼金睛】空格处前后分别为the与of，可知此处需填入名词，根据上下文可知该句意为“测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度，养育孩子的质量，父亲使用不同词汇的数量。”备选名词中quality符合题意。　　53.【快速解题】形容词辨义题。　　N【火眼金睛】空格位于be动词与why从句之间，可知需填入形容词或过去分词，以构成系表结构。动词中的剩余词汇，均不能使句意通顺。备选形容词中unsure可使句意通顺，意为“令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。”　　54.【快速解题】动词辨义题。　　G【火眼金睛】空格处在iswell和that从句之间，此处需要填入过去分词。备选动词中established符合题意,其中itiswellestablishedthat…，意为“大家公认……”。　　55.【快速解题】副词辨义题。　　A【火眼金睛】本句结构完整，空格处需填入一个副词。空格前后的had并不相同，前面的had是构成过去完成时态的助动词，后面的had是短语haveastronginfluenceon…，结合句意，备选副词中already符合题意。　　56.【快速解题】动词辨义题。　　E【火眼金睛】纵观全句，空格处应填入现在分词，与are构成现在进行时态。根据句意“最终对于整个学校的文化氛围都会产生有益的影响”。备选动词中contributing符合题意,意为“可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”　　全文精译　　一项新的研究表明，父母都工作的家庭，父亲可能比母亲对于孩子语言的发展有更大的影响力。　　研究者们从十一个幼儿护理中心招募了九十二个家庭，他们的孩子都不到一岁，并且逐一询问了他们的收入、受教育状况、孩子的照顾情况。总之，它们都是受过良好教育的中产阶级家庭，父母双亲都和孩子住在一起。　　当孩子两岁时，研究人员将他们与父母双方在家自由玩耍的情景录制下来，并记录他们所有的谈话。该研究将发表在《应用发展心理学杂志》第十一期。　　科学家们测量了父母亲话语总的数量、使用不同词汇的数量、他们的语句的复杂程度以及他们语言的其他方面。通常，父亲比母亲说的少，但是在话语的长度和问问题的多少方面，他们没有差别。　　最后，当孩子们三岁时，研究人员对孩子进行了标准化的语言测试，并对他们的语言进行了分析。测试中，预测高分的指标包括母亲受教育的程度、养育孩子的质量和父亲使用不同词汇的数量。　　令研究者们疑惑的是为什么父亲而非母亲的语言对孩子有影响。

110　　该研究的主要作者那达亚•潘克索发说：“大家都公认母亲的语言的确有影响力。”也可能因为在研究中能力强的母亲已经对孩子的语言发展产生了很大的影响。她又讲到，“或者可能母亲起作用的方式在研究中我们没有测量。”　　SectionB　　PassageOne　　篇章结构　　本文是一篇议论文，选自《新闻周刊》2008年11月刊，题目为MICHELLEOBAMAISABLACKSKINNEDBEAUTY!。全文共五段。第一段作者介绍作为黑人女性，她更关注米歇尔•奥巴马，因为作为准第一夫人，米歇尔代表的正是人们平时极少接触的非洲裔女性美国公民。第二至四段介绍过去人们对黑人女性带有成见的看法，因此米歇尔将代表所有黑人女性来改变世人对她们的看法。最后一段介绍米歇尔作为第一夫人，美国黑人对她的期望，以及她身上所具有的、黑人女性应该学习的品质。　　核心词汇　　9.candidaten.候选人，申请求职者　　【文中实例】Throughoutthislong,tenseelection,everyonehasfocusedonthepresidentialcandidatesandhowthey’llchangeAmerica.在这个持久而紧张的选举中，每个候选人都成为了众人的焦点，人们关注着他们如何来改变整个美国。　　【实例拓展】HeisrunningasacandidateforLiberalparty。他作为民主党候选人参选。　　【举一反三】同义词applicant，seeker，nomineen.申请者，候选人　　10.fascinatev.使着迷，使极感兴趣　　【文中实例】I’mmorefascinatedbyMichelleObamaandwhatshemightbeabletodo,….我更期待米歇尔•奥巴马，不止期待着她能够为这个国家做些什么，……。　　【实例拓展】Herbeautyfascinatedeveryboy.她的美貌使所有的男孩子都着了迷。　　【举一反三】派生词fascinateda.着迷的;fascinatinga.令人着迷的;fascinationn.魅力　　11.prevailinga.普遍的，盛行的，流行的　　【文中实例】Theprevailingtheoryseemstobethatwe’reallhot-temperedsinglemotherswhocan’tkeepaman.时下流行的看法是大多黑人女性都是脾气暴躁的单身妈妈，吸引不住男人。　　【实例拓展】aprevailingsetofculturalvalues一套盛行的文化价值观　　【举一反三】派生词prevail(over)v.胜过，压倒，占优势　　12.stereotypen.陈规，固定的看法　　【文中实例】Evenintheworldofmake-believe,blackwomenstillcan’tescapethestereotypeofbeingeye-rolling,oversexedfemalesraisedbyournever-married,alcoholic(酗酒的)mothers.在人们的想象中，黑人女性给人留下的刻板印象往往是：受人歧视，性交过度，通常被未婚的酒鬼老妈养大。　　【实例拓展】It’swrongtostereotypepeople,asiftheywereallalike.

111把人们看作都是一样的，这是错误的。　　【举一反三】派生词stereotypev.使模式化stereotypeda.固定化的，老一套的　　13.commitv.承诺，使受约束　　【文中实例】Beforesheevergetsthechancetocommittoacause,charityorfoundationasFirstLady,…在有机会作为第一夫人去成就一番事业，去做慈善或办基金会之前，……。　　【实例拓展】Hehascommittedhimselftosupportthem.他答应负担他们的生活。　　【举一反三】派生词committeda.坚定的，忠诚的;commitmentn.承诺，诺言　　6.featuren.特写，专题报道　　【文中实例】Becausefewmainstreampublicationshavedonein-depthfeaturesonregularAfrican-Americanwomen,….因为主流的媒体们都未曾深入地报道过普通非洲裔美国女性，……。　　【实例拓展】afrontpagefeatureoncoalmining头版上关于采煤的特写　　【举一反三】词义扩展featuren.特征，容貌;v.以……为特征，特写难句解析　　1.Forexample,whentheboardoftheUniversityofColoradosearchedforanewpresident,itwantedaleaderfamiliarwiththestategovernment,amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget.　　【解析】when引导时间状语从句，其后是主句，该主句中的familiarwiththestategovernment是形容词短语作定语，修饰leader;而句末amajorsourceoftheuniversity’sbudget是同位语来说明thestategovernment。　　【译文】例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，他们想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。　　2.In2003，whenCambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichard,anotherformerYaleprovost,asitsvice-chancellor,theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”　　【解析】句首的when从句是非限制性定语从句，补充说明2003。句子的主句是theuniversity…stressedthat…，其中that引出宾语从句。宾语从句中的主句为shehadoverseenamajorstrengthening。　　【译文】2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森•理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。　　3.Theglobalizationofeducationmeansmoreuniversitieswillbeseekingheadswithinternationalexperienceofsomekindtopromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody.　　【解析】本句的主干简单易懂，是Theglobalizationofeducationmeans…。但其后的宾语从句的结构复杂，该从句的主干是moreuniversitieswillbeseekingheads，heads之后的withinternationalexperienceofsomekind是介词短语做定语。句末的topromoteinternationalprogramsandattractaglobalstudentbody是目的状语。

112　　【译文】教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作，招收留学生。　　试题详解　　62.Whatisthecurrenttrendinhighereducationdiscussedinthepassage?62.文章中讨论的目前高等教育的趋势是什么?　　A)InstitutionsworldwidearehiringadministratorsfromtheU.S.A)世界范围的高校正在从美国聘请管理人员。　　B)Alotofpoliticalactivistsarebeingrecruitedasadministrators.B)大量政治活动家被聘为管理人员。　　C)Americanuniversitiesareenrollingmoreinternationalstudents.C)美国大学扩招留学生.　　D)Universitypresidentsarepayingmoreattentiontofunding-raisingD)大学校长更加注重筹措资金。　　【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中thecurrenttrendinhighereducation，定位答案在第二段最后两句。　　【正确项分析】根据这两句话Yetthetalentflowisn’tuniversal.High-levelpersonneltendtoheadinonlyonedirection:outwardfromAmerica.如今，高等教育已成为极具竞争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。选项A意思与之相近，故选择A。　　【干扰项分析】根据第三段末“筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须具备的能力”，D项表述与原文不符。B、C项文中均未提及。　　63.WhatisthechiefconsiderationofAmericanuniversitieswhenhiringtop-leveladministrators?62.在聘请高层管理人员时，美国大学主要考虑的问题是什么?　　A)Thepoliticalcorrectness.A)政治方向的准确性。　　B)Theirabilitytoraisefunds.B)筹措资金的能力。　　C)Theirfameinacademiccircles.C)学术界的声誉。　　D)Theiradministrativeexperience.D)管理经验。　　【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干中thechiefconsideration，定位答案在第三段第三段。　　【正确项分析】在第三段TheboardultimatelypickedBruceBenson,a69-year-oldColoradobusinessmanandpoliticalactivistwhoislikelytoexcelatthemaintaskofmodernuniversitypresidents:fund-raising。选项B中的raisefunds表示“筹款”。答案为B选项。　　64.WhatdowelearnaboutEuropeanuniversitiesfromthepassage?64.从文章中可以了解关于欧洲大学的哪些信息?　　A)Thetuitionstheychargehavebeenrisingconsiderably.A)学费迅速上涨。　　B)Theiroperationisunderstrictgovernmentsupervision.B)学校运转受到政府严格监督。　　C)Theyarestrengtheningtheirpositionbyglobalization.C)他们通过全球化强化自己的位置。

113　　D)Mostoftheirrevenuescomefromthegovernment.D)大部分资金来源于政府。　　【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干Europeanuniversities，答案可定位在第四段第一、二句。　　【正确项分析】根据第四段第一、二句ManyEuropeanuniversitiesarestillmostlydependentongovernmentfunding.Butgovernmentsupporthasfailedtokeeppacewithrisingstudentnumber。即很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。因此可知学校的大部分资金来源于政府，故选择D选项。　　【干扰项分析】B项是强干扰项，根据第四段第一、二句可知很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入，但却没有提及学校运转受到政府的严格监督。A、C项文中均未提及。　　65.CambridgeUniversityappointedAlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellorchieflybecause_______?65.牛津大学为什么任命艾莉森•理查德为副校长?　　A)Shewasknowntobegoodatraisingmoney.A)她在筹措资金方面有名　　B)ShecouldhelpstrengthenitstieswithYale.B)她可以加强与耶鲁大学的联系　　C)SheknewhowtoattractstudentsoverseasC)她知道如何吸引海外学生。　　D)shehadboostedYale’sacademicstatus.D)她提升了耶鲁大学的学术地位　　【快速解题】事实细节题。根据题干中的AlisonRichardasitsvice-chancellor，答案可定位在第五段第二句。　　【正确项分析】根据theuniversitypubliclystressedthatinherpreviousjobshehadoverseen“amajorstrengtheningofYale’sfinancialposition.”，学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。由此可知她有很强的筹措资金的能力，故选A选项。　　66.Inwhatwaydotop-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment?66.外国的高层领导从哪些方面促进了学校的发展?　　A)Theycanenhancetheuniversity’simage.A)他们可以提升学校的形象　　B)Theywillbringwiththemmoreinternationalfaculty.B)他们可以带来更多国际化人才　　C)Theywillviewalotofthingsfromanewperspective.C)他们将从新的角度审视问题。　　D)Theycansetupnewacademicdisciplines.D)他们能创立新的学科　　【快速解题】语义理解题。根据题干top-leveladministratorsfromabroadcontributetouniversitydevelopment答案定位在末段末句。　　【正确项分析】该句Foreignerscanofferafreshperspectiveonestablishedpractices，告诉读者外国人能够给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。此意与C选项的意思相近，故选C选项。　　全文精译　　2009年毕业的高中生进入牛津大学的同时，他们也会迎来一个新的面孔，安德鲁•汉密尔顿，55岁的耶鲁大学教务长。他将入主牛津，职位相当于美国大学的校长。

114　　汉密尔顿并不是第一位跨越大西洋到外国任职的教育家。法国、埃及、新家坡等一些国家的学校近年来纷纷从国外聘请学校的高层管理人员。像其他商业活动一样，如今，高等教育已成为极具竞争力的商业行为，并且日渐国际化。但是人才的流动并不是世界性的。高层的管理人员往往来自一个地方：美国。　　其主要原因是许多学校并不真地想从国外引进人才。例如，科罗拉多大学董事会在遴选新校长时，想聘用一个与州政府熟悉的领导人，因为州政府是学校的主要资金来源。“我们不会在全球范围内聘用校长”，帕特立夏•海说，该校最终聘用了布鲁斯•本森，69岁的科罗拉多州商人、政治活动家。他能够胜任现代大学校长的职务：筹措资金。筹措资金为美国大学所特有，因为美国大学的运转主要依赖捐款。筹措资金的能力在很大程度上依靠经验，也是美国校长必须具备的能力。　　与此同时，很多欧洲大学仍然依靠政府投入。而政府的投入却没能跟上不断扩大的学生规模。政府投入的减少，使得筹措资金成为学校管理部门的当务之急，于是对美国的人才求贤若渴。　　在过去几年里，世界各地的优秀学校都加入了这一行列。2003年，剑桥大学任命前耶鲁大学教务长艾莉森•理查德为副校长。学校公开强调艾莉森之前的工作确保了“耶鲁大学财政状况良好”。　　当然，这些外国管理者不仅只是筹措资金。教育全球化意味着更多的大学将要聘用那些具有国际经验的校长，以促进国际间项目的合作，招收留学生。外国人能够给学校业已成立的体系带来新的活力。PartVCloze　　篇章结构　　本次完形填空选自2009年1月20日www.guardian.co.uk网站的一则报道，题目是OlderPeople’sEducation‘neglected’(‘被忽视的’老年教育)，选入本文时略有删减。从题材看，本次完形填空属于论说文体，主题为教育。阐述了教育对于每个阶段的人的重要性和终身学习的意义。全文共六段，第一段首先指出学习对于老年人的重要意义。接着讲述老年人教育面临的种种问题和阻力，与此同时也指出了对老年人进行教育投入的必要性。文章最后提出了一个发人深思的问题：应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性和在“第三年龄段”发挥建设性作用。　　核心词汇　　1.contributev.捐助，捐献，贡献　　【搭】contributefor为……捐助;contributeto把……捐给【拓】contributionn.贡献，捐献;contributinga.贡献的　　2.focusn.集中，聚集　　【搭】focusone’sattention集中注意力;focuson/upon强调，使集中于焦点;focusthecameraon把照相机的焦点对准……　　3.concentratev.①专心于，注意②集中，聚集　　【搭】concentrateefforts集中力量;concentrateone’smind专心【拓】concentrationn.集中，专心　　难句解析　　4.Thecurrentapproachwhichfocusesonyoungerpeopleandonskillsforemploymentisnotadequateto

115meetthechallengesofdemographicchange.　　【解析】该句的主语是Thecurrentapproach，主语后跟了一个which引导的定语从句。“isnotadequate”是谓语，其后为动词不定式作目的状语。　　【译文】现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。　　5.Thechallengesincludethefactthatmostpeoplecanexpecttospendathirdoftheirlivesinretirement,thattherearenowmorepeopleover59thanunder16andthat11.3millionpeopleareoverstatepensionage.　　【解析】该句看起来很长但结构并不复杂。是由一个主句Thechallengesincludethefact和三个that引导的同位语从句构成的。　　【译文】这些挑战包括：多数人生命的三分之一将在退休后度过;五十九岁以上人口数高于十六岁以下人口数;一千一百三十万人达到国家法定领取退休金年龄。　　6.Peopleneedopportunitiestomakea“midlifereview”toadjusttothelaterstagesofemployedlife,andtoplanforthetransitiontoretirement,whichmaynowhappenunpredictablyatanypointfrom50toover90.　　【解析】本句主句成分为“Peopleneedopportunities”，其后是两个动词不定式作目的状语。划线部分是retirement的定语从句。　　【译文】人们需要一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色转化。这种转化可以发生在五十岁到九十多岁的漫长时间内。　　试题详解　　67.【快速解题】本题考查动词词义辨析。　　B【正确项分析】这四个动词都能够与介词on搭配，因此此处应在首段基础上着手分析该句句意。首段提出老年人学习的重要性，而该句“年轻人和技能性训练”指出了该项方法的侧重点。focuson“集中，针对”，因此确定答案为选项B。　　【干扰项分析】根据句意可以比较容易地排除其他三此个干扰项，dependon依靠，依赖;counton依靠，指望;operateon对……实施手术。　　68.【快速解题】本题考查形容词词义辨析。　　D【正确项分析】该空格所要填的词应该与前文内容相呼应，首段指出老年人需要学习，而本句侧重的是年轻人的职业技能。这说明该教育方法面临挑战，由此可见它是不充分的，因此确定答案为选项D。　　【干扰项分析】superior高级的，出众的;essential基本的;regular有规则的，有秩序的。均不符合该句上下文的关系，故排除。　　【篇章分析】该句句意为“现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。”olderpeople，youngerpeople和demographicchange之间的关系能够帮助考生迅速确定答案。另外从后句的表达也可以帮助找出该题的正确答案。

116　　69.【快速解题】本题为副词词义辨析题。　　A【正确项分析】only1%指出当前对老年人投入的教育资金之有限，符合题意的选项应为currently“通常，当前”。因此正确选项为选项A。　　【干扰项分析】barely表示“仅仅，刚刚”;heavily表示“沉重地”;anxiously表示“忧虑地，不安地”，均可轻易排除。　　70.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。　　C【正确项分析】该空在本句中作主语成分，其后面的内容均涉及老龄人口和退休人员的现状，结合前文教育状况，可以判断challenge“挑战”最符合该句句意。因此选C选项。　　【干扰项分析】regulation规则，规章;obstacle障碍;guideline方针;用在本句均显勉强。　　【篇章分析】虽然本题属于词义辨析题，但根据前后文信息复现能够迅速确定答案。如果考生细心的话，就会发现第二段曾经指出对“人口结构的挑战”，此处列举挑战的种种问题。　　71.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。　　B【正确项分析】解答本题除了能够辨析四个名词词义外，还要从句意入手推敲最符合题意的答案。该句说的是老龄人口的问题，同时指出他们退休后时间漫长，暗示对他们进行教育投入的必要性。所以正确答案为选项B。　　【干扰项分析】enjoyment享受，享乐;stability稳定性;inability无能，无力;均不符合题意，故排除。　　【篇章分析】本题并非单纯的词义辨析，应该在篇章的基础上把握上下文暗示的信息。　　72.【快速解题】本题是介词词义辨析题。　　A【正确项分析】从statepensionage“领退休金的年龄”，和前文指出的老龄人口之众，可以判断overstatepensionage“达到国家法定领取退休金年龄”。故正确选项为选项A。　　【能力拓展】age不仅仅指年龄，还有很多其他搭配，表示“时期“，如theStoneAge石器时代;thecomputerage电脑时代。　　73.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。　　B【正确项分析】前文一直在说老年人教育问题，同时强调对这些人进行教育投入的必要性。该句作为第四段主题句，承接上文指出“学习应贯穿人的一生“。所以正确选项为B。　　【干扰项分析】practice练习，训练;instruct教导，命令;identify识别，鉴别。均可根据上下文排除。　　74.【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。　　D【正确项分析】该句主语为concentration“集中，专注”，其后常跟介词on，构成concentrationon“集中于……”。因此答案为选项D。　　【能力拓展】英语中蕴含着丰富的词语搭配，考生在备考过程中有意识地对这些固定搭配进行识记，考试时便可从容应对。例如：liveon/by靠……生活，以……为食;liein在于;appealto呼吁，要求;aimat瞄准，针对。　　75.【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。

117　　C【正确项分析】该句要求考生选择动词meet的固定搭配，从其句意可以判断出是“满足要求”之意，meettheneeds/requirements是常用的表达。因此正确选项为选项C。　　【干扰项分析】realm领域;intention意图，目的;desire期望，欲望。均可排除。　　【能力拓展】英语中有些动词常跟固定搭配的名词构成词组，如payattentionto注意;bringaccessto接近;layemphasison强调。考生应在备考中注意积累。　　76.【快速解题】本题为词汇辨析题。　　D【正确项分析】该句句意为“大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁以下的年轻人身上。”portion意为“一部分”，故正确选项为选项D。　　【干扰项分析】measure度量标准;ratio比率;area区域;均不符合题意77.【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。　　A【正确项分析】该句为主从复合句，主句“处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机会”，从句作为一个时间状语指出当前的背景：人们工作和居住地不断变化，生活伴侣和生活方式也不断更新。因此应该选择选项A。　　【干扰项分析】whether引导让步状语从句，可迅速排除;until和before虽引导时间状语从句，但其表达的时间概念不符合本句句意。　　【篇章分析】该题所要填的是一个表示时间关系的连词，所以要从句意上着手分析。　　78.【快速解题】本题考查词义辨析。　　C【正确项分析】通过对本句句式结构的分析可以看出，该空缺处应添一个与jobs，partners和lifestyles相并列的词汇，所以正确选项为选项C。　　【干扰项分析】mind思想;mood心情;neighbour邻居。比较起来，home更加贴近文中的事实，“人们工作和居住地不断变化”。　　79.【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。　　B【正确项分析】四个选项都有“之前”的意思，所以很难通过词义辨析选出正确答案。但与比较词than搭配时，应固定地使用ever，表示“比以前任何时候都……”，因此正确选项为选项B。　　【干扰项分析】formerly“从前，以前”，一般常用former，较少使用formerly;previously“先前，以前”;ago常与某一过去时间段搭配。　　80.【快速解题】本题考查上下文逻辑关系。　　A【正确项分析】本句是在前文基础上的一个例证，是为了更好地支撑前面的观点的。所以正确选项为A。　　【干扰项分析】bycontrast与……相对比;onaverage一般地;inparticular尤其，特别。均与上下文逻辑关系不符，故排除。　　81.【快速解题】本题是词义辨析题。

118　　C【正确项分析】本题不属于固定搭配的考查，因为四个选项都能与to构成搭配。此处说持续学习的重要性，中年阶段的学习会让人们更好地适应以后的生活。adjust“调整，调节，使适应”，因此正确选项为选项C。　　【干扰项分析】transform转换;suit适应;yield屈服。均不符合题意。　　82.【快速解题】本题考查固定搭配。　　D【正确项分析】该题非常简单，属于对常见短语搭配的考查。与transition搭配的介词为to，表示“向……过渡“。所以正确选项为选项D。　　83.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。　　B【正确项分析】atanypoint表明上述事情发生的不确定性，unpredictably“不可预知地”。因此正确选项为选项B。　　【干扰项分析】indirectly间接地;unfairly不公平地;instantly立即地。可排除。　　84.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。　　C【正确项分析】本句句意“有足够支配的钱支撑……。”available“可用的”，因此正确选项为选项C。　　【干扰项分析】feasible可行的;reliable可靠的，可信赖的;considerable值得考虑的，相当可观的。故排除。　　85.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。　　A【正确项分析】此处表达的意思为“塑造个性感觉”。sense“感觉，感知”，因此确定正确选项为选项A。　　【干扰项分析】project计划，工程;definition定义;conscience良心，道德心。　　【篇章分析】本题干扰项具有很大的迷惑性，很容易导致误选。这就要求考生平时对相关的近义词进行辨析，分清他们的侧重点，同时还要从语篇的角度分析空缺处的意义。　　86.【快速解题】本题为词义辨析题。　　D【正确项分析】此处为“发挥建设性作用”。因此正确选项为选项D。　　【干扰项分析】ideal理想;asset资产，有用的东西;rank等级。故可排除。　　全文精译　　今天发表的一项新的人口研究报告表明：老年人要想不成为社会的负担，继续发挥余热，就必须有更多学习机会。　　该报告声称：现在的教育方法倾向于年轻人和技能性训练，难以应对人口结构变化的挑战。占人口总数三分之一的老年人只占有百分之一的教育预算。　　这些挑战包括：多数人三分之一的生命将在退休后度过;五十九岁以上人数高于十六岁以下人数;一千一百三十万人达到了国家法定领取退休金年龄。　　报告的作者史蒂芬•迈克威尔教授说：“学习应该贯穿人生的整个过程，我们以前的政策重心和资源配置更多偏重于年轻人，难以适应新的需求。

119　　绝大多数教育预算集中在二十五岁以下的年轻人身上。当今社会，由于人们工作和居住地不断变化，生活伴侣和生活方式也不断更新，处在各种年龄段的人们都渴望重新学习的机会。”例如，该报告指出有些人到了五十多岁又重新开始创业。　　人们需要一个“中年回首”的机会来适应以后的工作生涯，规划退休后的角色转化。这种转化可以发生在五十岁到九十多岁的漫长时间内。应该有更多的资金来保证人们塑造个性和在“第三年龄段”发挥建设性作用。　　命题风向标　　2009年12月19日的大学英语四级考试已经尘埃落定，纵观本次考试的完形填空题型，难度与往年相比差别不大。　　与往年有所不同的是本次考试完形填空首段没有空格，这无疑增加了信息的传达，一定程度上减少了解题的难度。尽管首段没有空格，但考生对于首段应该给予足够的重视，因为往往它就是文章的中心，它体现的观点决定全文的观点，所以多花一点时间看首段是值得的。　　词汇辨析仍然是考察的重点，如68，69，75，76，81，83，84，85，86。主要以近义词、形近异义词辨析为主。其中不乏难度词汇：adequate，superior，regulations，stability，ratio，realms，assets等。有关考察逻辑关系的题目出现频率较高，如72，78，80，81，83，85，86，但难度都不是很大，根据上下文语意均可轻松化解。　　另外，考生在选择时还要根据上下文的复现或同现以及这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇，围绕一个话题论述，因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则，某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词：原词、同义词、近义词、反义词等。如70challenges，71题retirement，73题learning等，都是在全文中复现较高的字眼。因此，在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。PartⅥTranslation　　87.hadfollowedmyinstructions/orders　　【结构分析】本句的主语是You。谓语动词是wouldnothavefailed。ifyouhadfollowedmyinstructions是if引导的条件状语从句。　　【要点解析】本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。①if从句的虚拟语气考查，根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would+have的形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构。②“按照……的指令”可表达为followmyinstructions/orders。③根据主句的wouldnothavefailed结构就可以推断这是对过去事实的虚拟，那么从句则是had+done结构，所以答案为youhadfollowedmyinstructions/orders。　　【原句精译】如果你按照我的指令去做，就不会失败了。　　88.gaveuppursuingknowledge　　【结构分析】本句的主语是Mark。谓语是gaveuppursuingknowledge。despitethehardshipheencountered是despite引导的状语从句。

120　　【要点解析】本题考查动词give的搭配。①“放弃”可译为giveup。②encounterthehardship也是非常重要的固定搭配，意为“遇到困难”。需要填写的部分应该采用过去时。③“对知识的追求”可译为pursuingknowledge.　　【原句精译】尽管马克遇到困难，但是他从未放弃对知识的追求。　　【能力拓展】动词give的常见搭配。①giveup放弃，交出例：Whenyougraduate,willyougiveupyourstudy?你毕业后会不会放弃学习?②giveoneselfupto献身于，沉溺于，热衷于例：Theboygiveshimselfuptoelectronicgames.这个男孩沉溺于电子游戏。③giveaway泄露，出卖例：Hegavemysecretaway.他泄露了我的秘密。④givein屈服，让步例：Youmustgiveinyourexaminationpapersnow.你们现在必须把试卷交上来。　　89.beforewefindthemethodsofcuringcancers/beforewefindthecureforcancer　　【结构分析】本句的主语是Scientists，谓语是agree，thatitwillbealongtime是that引导的宾语从句，beforewefindthemethodsofcuringcancers是before引导的时间状语从句。　　【要点解析】“治愈”可译为cure，而不应译为treat，treat是“治疗”的意思。cure有疗法的意思，所以治愈癌症的方法还可以译为cureforcancer。根据句子的已知部分，可以判断出填写的部分用一般现在时　　【原句精译】科学家们认为，要过很长时间才能找到治愈癌症的方法。　　【能力拓展】before引导的状语从句。①句型A：it+be+一段时间+before…：意思是“要过很久才会……”。例：ThefieldresearchwilltakeJohnandMikeaboutfivemonths;itwillbealongtimebeforewemeetthemagain.实地考察要花约翰和迈克五个月的时间;他们过很久才会再见面。②句型B：itwassometimebefore…：意思是“在……之前过了一段时间”。例：Hewastoldthatitwouldbeatleastthreemoremonthsbeforehecouldrecoverandreturntowork.他被告知至少过三个月才能康复，重返工作岗位。　　90.keeppacewiththeconstantlyincreasingdemandsofconsumers或keepupwiththeconstantlygrowingneedsofconsumers　　【结构分析】本句的主语是Production，谓语是hastobeincreased，后面的tokeeppacewiththeconstantlyincreasingdemandsofconsumers是目的状语。　　【要点解析】①固定搭配“与……保持同步”，可以翻译为keeppacewith或keepupwith。②“不断增长的”，可以翻译为increasing，growing或rising。③“需求”可翻译为demands或needs。④“消费者”翻译为consumer。　　【原句精译】只有大幅提高产量才能与消费者不断增长的需求保持同步。　　【能力拓展】①keeppacewith和……并驾齐驱，跟上例：Wemustworkhardtokeeppacewiththedevelopmentofmoderntechnology.我们必须努力学习才能跟上现代科技的发展。②keepupwith赶得上，和……保持联系例：Studentsmustworkhardtokeepupwiththeirschoolwork.学生必须努力学习才能跟上功课。

121　　91.thefewerchancesyouwillhaveofcatchingacold　　【结构分析】本句的前半部分是从句，后半部分是主句。主句的主语是You。谓语是willhave。【要点解析】本题主要考查themore，theless的用法。其用法与themore，themore一致，可翻译为“越……越……”。①固定搭配“可能做某事”，可翻译为belikelytodosth;②固定搭配“感冒”，可翻译为catchacold。　　【原句精译】锻炼越多，你越不大可能感冒。【能力拓展】“越……越……”句型：这种句型表达为：the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子。若themore修饰名词，则名词要提前，直接置于themore后，如试题中句子：Themoreexerciseyoutake,thefewerchancesyouwillhaveofcatchingacold注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案真题：PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutetowriteashortessayonthetopicofstudentsselectingtheirlectures.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:1.越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2.也会带来一些问题3.你的看法？FreeadmissiontomuseumsPartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.HowDoYouSeeDiversity?Asamanager,Tiffanyisresponsibleforinterviewingapplicantsforsomeofthepositionswithhercompany.Duringoneinterview,shenoticedthatthecandidatenevermadedirecteyecontact.Shewaspuzzled

122andsomewhatdisappointedbecauseshelikedtheindividualotherwise.Hehadaperfectresumeandgavegoodresponsestoherquestions,butthefactthatheneverlookedherintheeyesaid“untrustworthy,”soshedecidedtoofferthejobtohersecondchoice.“Itwasn’tuntilIattendedadiversityworkshopthatIrealizedthepersonwepassedoverwastheperfectperson,”Tiffanyconfesses.Whatshehadn’tknownatthetimeoftheinterviewwasthatthecandidate’s“different”behaviorwassimplyaculturalmisunderstanding.HewasanAsian-Americanraisedinahouseholdwhererespectforthoseinauthoritywasshownbyaverting(避开)youreyes.“Iwasjustthrownoffbythelackofyecontact;notrealizingitwascultural,”Tiffanysays.“Imissedout,butwillnotmissthatopportunityagain.”Manyofushavehadsimilarencounterswithbehaviorsweperceiveasdifferent.Astheworldbecomessmallerandourworkplacesmorediverse,itisbecomingessentialtoexpandourunder-standingofothersandtoreexaminesomeofourfalseassumptions.HireAdvantageAtatimewhenhiringqualifiedpeopleisbecomingmoredifficult,employerswhocaneliminateinvalidbiases(偏爱)fromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.Mycompany,MindsetsLLC,helpsorganizationsandindividualsseetheirownblindspots.Arealestaterecruiterweworkedwithillustratesthepositivedifferencesuchtrainingcanmake.“DuringmyMindsetscoachingsession,Iwastaughthowtorecruitadiversifiedworkforce.Irecruitedpeoplefromdifferentculturesandskillsets.Theagentswereabletoutilizetheirfullpotentialandexperiencestobuildupthecompany.Whentherealestatemarketbegantochange,itwasbecausewehadadiverseagentpoolthatwewereabletostayintherealestatemarketmuchlongerthanothersinthesameprofession.”BlindedbyGenderDaleisanaccountexecutivewhoattendedoneofmyworkshopsonsupervisingadiverseworkforce.“Throughoneofthesessions,Idiscoveredmypersonalbias,”herecalls.“IlearnedIhadnotbeenlookingatapersonasawholeperson,andbeingopentodifferences.”Inhiscase,theblindnesswasnotaboutculturebutrathergender.“Ihadamanagementpositionopeninmydepartment;andthetwofinalistswereamanandawoman.HadInotattendedthisworkshop,Iwouldhaveautomaticallyassumedthemanwasthebestcandidatebecausethepositionrequiredquiteabitofextensivetravel.Myreasoningwouldhavebeenthateventhoughbothcandidatesweregreatandcouldhavebeensuccessfulintheposition,Iassumedthewomanwouldhavewantedtobehomewithherchildrenandnottravel.”Dale’sassumptionsareanotherexampleofthe

123well-intentionedbutincorrectthinkingthatlimitsanorganization’sabilitytotapintothefullpotentialofadiverseworkforce.“Ilearnedfromtheclassthatinsteadofimposingmygenderbiasesintothesituation,Ineededtopresentthefullrangeofduties,responsibilitiesandexpectationstoallcandidatesandallowthemtomakeaninformeddecision.”Dalecreditstheworkshop,“becauseithelpedmemakedecisionsbasedonfairness.”YearoftheKnow-It-AllDougisanothersupervisorwhoattendedoneofmyworkshops.Herecallsamajorlessonlearnedfromhisownemployee.“OneofmymostembarrassingmomentswaswhenIhadaChinese-AmericanemployeeputinarequesttotaketimeofftocelebrateChineseNewYear.Inmyignorance,Iassumedhehadhisdateswrong,asthefirstofJanuaryhadjustpassed.WhenIadvisedhimofthis,Igavehimalongtalking-toaboutturninginrequestsearlywiththeproperdates.“Hepatientlywaited,thenwhenIwasdone,hesaidhewouldlikeChineseNewYeardidnotbeginJanuaryfirst,andthatChineseNewYear,whichistiedtothelunarcycle,isoneofthemostcelebratedholidaysontheChinesecalendar.Needlesstosay,Ifeltveryembarrassedinassuminghehadhisdatesmixedup.ButIlearnedagreatdealaboutassumptions,andthatthetimingofholidaysvariesconsiderablyfromculturetoculture.“AttendingthediversityworkshophelpedmerealizehowmuchIcouldlearnbysimplyaskingquestionsandcreatingdialogueswithmyemployees,ratherthanmakingassumptionsandtryingtobeaknow-it-all,”Dougadmits.“ThebiggestthingItookawayfromtheworkshopislearninghowtobemore‘inclusive’todifferences.”AbetterBottomLineAnopenmindaboutdiversitynotonlyimprovesorganizationsinternally,itisprofitableaswell.Thesecommentsfromacustomerservicerepresentativeshowhowaninclusiveattitudecanimprovesales.”MostofmycustomersspeakEnglishasasecondlanguage.Oneofthebestthingsmycompanyhasdoneistocontractwithalanguageservicethatofferstranslationsoverthephone.Itwasn’tuntilmybossreceivedMindsets’trainingthatshewasabletounderstandhowimportantinclusivenesswastocustomerservice.Asresult,ourcustomerbasehasincreased.”Oncewestarttoseepeopleasindividuals.anddiscardthestereotypes,wecanmovepositivelytowardinclusivenessforeveryone.Diversityisaboutcomingtogetherandtakingadvantageofourdifferencesandsimilarities.Itisaboutbuildingbettercommunitiesandorganizationsthatenhanceusasindividualsand

124reinforceoursharedhumanity.Whenwebegintoquestionourassumptionsandchallengewhatwethinkwehavelearnedfromourpast,fromthemedia,peers,family,friends,etc,webegintorealizethatsomeofourconclusionsareflawed(有缺陷的)orcontrarytoourfundamentalvalues.Weneedtotrainour-selvestothinkdifferently,shiftourmindsetsandrealizethatdiversityopensdoorsforallofus,creatingopportunitiesinorganizationsandcommunitiesthatbenefiteveryone.1.WhatbotheredTiffanyduringaninterviewwithhercandidate?A)Hejustwouldn’tlookherintheeye.B)Hewasslowinansweringherquestions.C)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.D)Hisanswerstosomeofherquestionswereirrelevant.2.Tiffany’smisjudgmentaboutthecandidatestemmedfrom.A)Racialstereotypes.C)Racialstereotypes.B)Invalidpersonalbias.D)Emphasisonphysicalappearance3.Whatisbecomingessentialinthecourseofeconomicglobalizationaccordingtotheauthor?A)Hiringqualifiedtechnicalandmanagementpersonnel.B)Increasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures.C)Constantlyupdatingknowledgeandequipment.D)Expandingdomesticandinternationalmarkets.4.WhatkindoforganizationisMindsetsLLC?A)Arealestateagency.C)Aculturalexchangeorganization.B)Apersonneltrainingcompany.D)Ahi-techcompany5.Afteroneoftheworkshops,accountexecutiveDalerealizedthat.A)Hehadhiredthewrongperson.B)Hecouldhavedonemoreforhiscompany.C)Hehadnotmanagedhisworkforcewell.

125D)Hemustgetridofhisgenderbias.6.WhatdidDalethinkofMindsetsLLC’sworkshop?A)Itwaswell-intentionedbutpoorlyconducted.B)Ittappedintotheexecutives’fullpotential.C)Ithelpedhimmakefairdecisions.D)Itmetparticipants’diverseneeds.7.HowdidDoug,asupervisor,respondtoaChinese-Americanemployee’srequestforleave?A)Hetoldhimtogetthedatesright.C)HeflatlyturneditdownB)Hedemandedanexplanation.D)Hereadilyapprovedit.8.Dougfeltwhenherealizedthathisassumptionwaswrong.9.AfterattendingMindsets’workshops,theparticipantscametoknowtheimportanceoftotheirbusiness.10.Whenweviewpeopleasindividualsandgetridofstereotypes,wecanachievediversityandbenefitfromthebetweenus.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35Minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Sheexpectedmorepeopleatherparty.B)Sheenjoysentertainingsmallchildren.C)ShethrewasurprisepartyforherfriendD)Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity.12.A)Theyarenotusedtolivinginacoldplace.

126B)TheyfeelluckytoliveinFlorida.C)Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday.D)Theyhavenotbookedtheirairticketsyet.13.A)Hewaspleasedtogetthemedal.C)Heusedtobeafirefighter.B)Hewasverycourageous.D)Hewasaccusedofcausingafire.14.A)Makeaprofitableinvestment.C)GetpartsforthemachinefromJapan.B)BuyanewwashingmachineD)Havetheoldwashingmachinefixed.15.A)Heispleasedwithhisexcitingnewjob.B)Hefindsthehugeworkloadunbearable.C)Hefindshisofficemuchtoobigforhim.D)Heisnotsoexcitedabouthisnewposition.16.A)Thewomanisgoingtoholdabigpartytomorrow.B)Themanhasnoideawhattherightthingtodois.C)Thewomandoesn’tknowhowtogettotheparty.D)Themanofferstodrivethewomantotheparty.17.A)Drawingupabusinessplan.C)Finalizingacontract.B)Discussingatermpaper.D)Reviewingaco-authoredarticle.18.A)Sheorderedsomepaper.C)ShechattedonlinewithafriendB)Shehadtheprinterrepaired.D)ShefilledinanapplicationformQuestions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hishealthisgettingworse.C)Hispastlifeupsetshimagooddeal.B)Hecannolongerworkatsea.D)Hehasnotgottheexpectedpension.20.A)Shepassedawayyearsago.C)Shehasbeenworkingataclinic.B)Sheusedtoworkasamodel.D)Shehasbeenseriouslyillforyears.21.A)Shehasmadelotsofmoneyasadoctor.

127B)Sheisgoingtotakecareofherolddad.C)Shehasnevergotonwithherfather.D)Sheiskindandgenerousbynature.22.A)Hedinesoutwithhiswifeeveryweekend.B)Heisexcellentbutlookshad-tempered.C)Hedoesnotcareabouthisappearance.D)Heisnotquitepopularwithhispatients.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)ThemanhassenttheordertothewomanbymistakeB)Someofthetelephonesystemsdon’tworkproperlyC)Someofthepacksdonotcontainanymanuals.D)Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.24.A)Sendaserviceengineertodotherepairs.B)Consultherbossaboutthebestsolution.C)Passtheman’sordertotherightperson.D)Thequalityofthegoodsisnotuptothestandard.25.A)Ideal.C)PartialB)TemporaryD)CreativeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage.Youwillhearsomequestions.Bossthepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Itisentertaining.C)Ittakeslotsoftime.

128B)Itisacostlyhobby.D)Itrequirestraining.27.A)Theycanharmnearbyplants.C)Theyfighteachotherforfood.B)Theymaycatchsomedisease.D)Theymaypollutetheenvironment.28.A)Placethefoodonwarmerspots.C)Avoidusinganycontaminatedfood.B)Usepreparedfeedmixturesonly.D)Continuethefeedingtillitgetswarm.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Hewillbetrayevenhisbestfriends.B)Heisabletomakeupgoodexcuses.C)Hewillliewheneverhewants.D)Hetriestoachievehisgoalatanycost30.A)ShemadehimapologizeC)Shebrokeupwithhim.B)ShereadilyforgavehimD)Sherefusedtoanswerhiscalls.31.A)Buyheranewsetoftires.C)Lendherhisbatteries.B)Helpcleanherapartment.D)Movefurnitureforher.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.A)Theatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal.B)Theirparentsputtoomuchpressureonthem.C)It’shardforthemtogetalongwithotherkids.D)Theyhavetoliveintheshadowoftheirparents.33.A)Healwaysboastsabouthisrichfather.B)Hewillgrowuptobegoodfornothing.C)Hehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings.D)Heistooyoungtomanagehisinheritedproperty.

12934.A)ShewantsAmandatogetprofessionalcare.B)Shehasnoexperienceinraisingchildren.C)Shewantstoshowoffherwealth.D)Shehasnotimetodoitherself.35.A)ThelifestyledepictedinHollywoodmovies.B)Theworshipofmoney,beautyandpleasure.C)Theattentionthemediafocusesonthem.D)Thepursuingofperfectioninperformance.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Around120yearsago,Ebbinghausbeganhisstudyofmemory.He(36).onstudyinghowquicklythehumanmindcanremember(37).Oneresultofhisresearchisknownasthetotaltimehypothesis(假设),whichsimplymeanstheamountyoulearn(38)onthetimeyouspendtryingtolearnit.Thiscanbetakenasourfirstruleoflearning.Althoughitisusuallytruethatstudyingforfourhoursisbetterthanstudyingforone,thereisstillthequestionofhowweshouldusethefourhours.Forexample,isitbettertostudyforfourhours(39)ortostudyforonehouradayforfourdaysina(40)?.Theanswer,asyoumayhave(41),isthatitisbettertospreadoutthestudytimes.This(42),throughwhichwecanlearnmore(43).bydividingourpracticetime,isknownasthedistributionofpracticeeffect.Thus,(44).Butwe’renotfinishedyet.Wehaven’tconsideredhowweshouldstudyoververyshortperiodsoftime.(45).Shouldyoulookatthesamewordinrapidsuccession,or

130lookatthewordandthenhavesomedelaybeforeyoulookatitagain?(46).PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.EveryyearinthefirstweekofmyEnglishclass,somestudentsinformmethatwrithingistoohard.Theyneverwrite,unlessassignments47it.Theyfinethewritingprocess48anddifficult.Howawfultobeabletospeakinalanguagebutnottowriteinit-49English,withitsrichvocabulary.Beingabletospeakbutnotwriteislikelivinginan50mansion(豪宅)andneverleavingonesmallroom.WhenImeetstudentswhothinktheycan’twrite,Iknowasateachermy51istoshowthemtherestoftherooms.Mytaskistobuildfluencywhileprovidingtheopportunityinherentinanywritingactivityto52themoralandemotionaldevelopmentofmystudents.Onegreatwaytodothisisbyhavingstudentswriteinajournalinclasseveryday.Writingabilityislikestrengthtraining.Writingneedstobedone53,justlikeexercise;justasmusclesgrowstrongerwithexercise,writingskillsimprovequicklywithwritingpractice.Ioftenseeariseinstudentconfidenceand54afteronlyafewweeksofjournalwriting.ExpressingoneselfinwritingisoneofthemostimportantskillsIteachtostrengthenthewholestudent.Whenmystudentspracticejournalwriting,theyarepracticingfortheirfutureacademic,political,and55lives.Theybuildskillssothatsomedaytheymightwriteagreatnovel,apieceofsorelyneededlegislation,ortheperfectloveletter.Everydaythattheywriteintheirjournalsputsthemastep56tofluency,eloquence(雄辩),andcommandoflanguage.

131A)closerI)painfulB)dailyJ)performanceC)emotionalK)professionD)enhanceL)remarkablyE)enormousM)requireF)especiallyN)sensitiveG)hinderO)urgeH)missionSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exemplifiedhowfargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarthPledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainablefabricsforthefirsttime.Severalhavesincemadepledgestoincludeorganicfabricsintheirlines.Thedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychallenges.ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichusesall-organiccotton,sayshigh-qualitysustainablematerialscanstillbetoughtofine.“Mostdesignerswithexistinglabelsarefindingtherearen’tcomparablefabricsthatcanjustreplacewhatyou’redoingandshatyourcustomersareusedto,”hesays.Forexample,organiccottonandnon-organiccottonarevirtuallyindistinguishableoncewovenintoadress.Butsomepopularsynthetics,likestretchnylon,stillhavefeweco-friendlyequivalents.Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.LastyeartheinfluentialtradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingitsparticipationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurs(企业家)whoattenditstwospringtimeshowsinLosAngelesandNewYorkandgavespecialrecognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatleast25%sustainable.Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthana

132dozentwoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiativeaimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwillbuytransitional(过渡型的)cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyofakeysustainablematerial.“Mainstreamisabouttooccur,”saysHahn.Someanalysts(分析师)arelesssure.Amongconsumers,only18%areevenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NatalieHormilla,afashionwriter,isanexampleoftheunconvertedconsumer,whenaskedifsheownedanysustainableclothes,shereplied:“NotthatI’mawareof.”Likemostconsumers,shefindslittletimetoshop,andwhenshedoes,she’sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn’ttooexpensive.”Byherownadmission,greenjustisn’tyetonhermind.But–thankstothecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers–onedayitwillbe.57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion?A)Itinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.B)Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.C)Itservedasanexampleofhowfashionshowsshouldbeorganized.D)Itconvincedthepublicthatfashionableclothesshouldbemadedurable.58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchallengetodesignerswhowillgoorganicisthat.A)muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainablematerials.B)theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganicmaterials.C)customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organicmaterials.D)qualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable.59.WelearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreenfashion.A)canattendvarioustradeshowsfree.B)arereadilyrecognizedbythefashionworldC)canbuyorganiccottonatfavorableprices.D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport.60.WhatisNatalieHormilla’sattitudetowardecofashion?A)Shedoesn’tseemtocareaboutit.C)Sheisdoubtfulofitspracticalvalue.B)Shedoesn’tthinkitissustainableD)Sheisverymuchopposedtotheidea

13361.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion?A)Greenproductswillsoongomainstream.B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.C)Consumershavethefinalsay.D)Itwillappealmoretoyoungpeople.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Scientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughlywhereapersonhaslivedusingastrand(缕)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldhelptrackthemovementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.Themethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicalvariationsindrinkingwatershowupinpeople’shair.“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat’srecordedinyouhair,”saidThureCerling,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.WhileU.Sdietisrelativelyidentical,watersuppliesvary.Thedifferencesresultfromweatherpatterns.Thechemicalcompositionofrainfallchangesslightlyasraidcloudsmove.Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes(同位素).Theheaviestraidfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeliverheavierwatertoCaliforniathantoUtah.SimilarpatternsexistthroughouttheU.S.Bymeasuringtheproportionofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientistscanconstructageographictimeline.Eachinchofhaircorrespondstoabouttwomonths.Cerling’steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracyofthemapbytesting200hairsamplescollectedfrom65barbershops.Theywereabletoaccuratelyplacethehairsamplesinbroadregionsroughlycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems.“It’snotgoodforpinpointing(精确定位),”Cerlingsaid.“It’sgoodforeliminatingmanypossibilities.”ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtandseveralstrandsofhair.

134WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestotheresearchers.Chemicaltestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeherdeath,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemorespecificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.“It’sstillasubstantialarea,”Parksaid“Butitnarrowsitwaydownforme.”62.Whatisthescientists’newdiscovery?A)One’shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.B)Aperson’shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived.C)Hairanalysisaccuratelyidentifiescriminalsuspects.D)Thechemicalcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You’rewhatyoueatanddrink”(Line1,Para.3)?A)Foodanddrinkaffectone’spersonalitydevelopment.B)Foodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuals.C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinone’sbodytissues.D)Foodanddrinkareindispensabletoone’sexistence.64.WhatissaidabouttherainfallinAmerica’sWest?A)ThereismuchmorerainfallinCaliforniathaninUtah.B)Thewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland.C)Itschemicalcompositionislessstablethaninotherareas.D)Itgathersmorelightisotopesasitmoveseastward.65.WhatdidCerling’steamproduceintheirresearch?A)Amapshowingtheregionaldifferencesoftapwater.B)Acollectionofhairsamplesfromvariousbarbershops.C)Amethodtomeasuretheamountofwaterinhumanhair.D)Achartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem.66.WhatisthepracticalvalueofCerling’sresearch?

135A)Ithelpsanalyzethequalityofwaterindifferentregions.B)Ithelpsthepolicedeterminewhereacrimeiscommitted.C)Ithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibilitiesindetectivework.D)Ithelpsidentifythedrinkinghabitsofthepersonunderinvestigation.67.A)profitC)incomeB)paymentD)budget68.A)mostlyC)occasionallyB)partiallyD)rarely69.A)ThereforeC)OtherwiseB)BesidesD)Consequently70.A)driftC)currentB)tideD)trend71.A)remarkablyC)speciallyB)essentiallyD)particularly72.A)WhileC)WhenB)BecauseD)Since73.A)surgingC)slippingB)stretchingD)shaking74.A)unlessC)asB)ifD)after75.A)lowerC)broaderB)slighterD)larger76.A)liabletoC)thankstoB)intermsofD)inviewof77.A)uniqueC)mysteriousB)similarD)strange78.A)overC)onB)againstD)behindPartVCloze(15minutes)KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’sayoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable67.HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses68subwaysandgrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays69,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”Sudareflectsaworrisome70inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,71amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.72mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis73.Lastyearssalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent74youdon’tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen75one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin200776ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis77inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily78time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007.Alarmedbythisstateof79,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)80acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.Itfoundthata81wealthgap,demographic(人口结构的)changesand82lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir83longer,replacetheircarswithsmallerones84giveupcarownershipaltogether.JAMA85afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation(合并)intheautomotivesectoris86.79.A)messC)growthB)boomD)decay80.A)proceededC)launchedB)relievedD)revised81.A)quickeningC)strengtheningB)wideningD)lengthening82.A)averageC)abundantB)massiveD)general83.A)labelsC)vehiclesB)cyclesD)devices84.A)orC)butB)untilD)then85.A)concludesC)reckonsB)predictsD)prescribes86.A)distantC)temporaryB)likelyD)immediate

136PartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad(很难跟上班里的同学)inmathandEnglish.88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary(就不会被大雨淋湿了).89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare(更有可能增加体重).90.(很多人所没有意识到的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports.andfootballinparticular.91.Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbodyis(与缺乏锻炼密切相关).参考答案PartIWritingFreeAdmissiontoMuseums（满分版）Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareadmission-freetovisitorshomeandabroad.Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoanalyzeasthere’sagrowingawarenessfortheauthoritiesregardingtheurgencyofpopularizationofculture,knowledgeandhistorywitheveryaveragepersoninoursociety.Onlywithfreeaccesstothislive‘database’,canmostpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem.However,freeadmissiontomuseumsmightleadtosomesocialproblemsaswell.Themostobviousproblemisthatitmightgivemuseumsaveryheavyeconomicburdenwhichdirectlyimpedesthesustainabledevelopmentoftheseorganizations.Asaresult,ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectfundsfromdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ontheotherhand,freeadmissionattractstoomanyvisitors,someofwhichmightnotbewell-purposedanddosomeconsciousorunconsciousdamagetothevaluabletreasureswhichusedtobewell-preservedinthemuseums.Asauniversitystudent,Iaminfavorofthefree-admissionconduct.Yetitisproposedthatsomemeasuresshouldbetakentosolvethepotentialproblemscausedbyit.Forexample,museumscanmakesomeregulations

137toguidethebehaviorofvisitorsorsetsome‘closed’daysformuseumsforregularmaintenance.Onlyinthiswaycanfree-admissiontomuseumsbecomealong-lastingphenomenonandhavesustainabledevelopment.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)阅读答案　　1.A.Hejustwouldn’tlookherinthedye。　　2.Cculturalignorance　　3.BIncreasingunderstandingofpeopleofothercultures。　　4.BApersonneltrainingcompany。　　5.Dhemustgetridofhisgenderbias　　6.CIthelpedhimmakefairdecisions。　　7.AHetoldhimtogetthedatesright。　　8.embarrassed　　9.inclusiveness　　10.differencesandsimilarities　　听力：　　短对话　　11.Shehasalwaysenjoyedgreatpopularity　　12.Theyaregoingtohaveaholiday　　13.Hewasverycourageous　　14.Buyanewwashingmachine　　15.Heisnotexcitedabouthisnewposition　　16.Themanofferstodrivethewomentotheparty　　17.Finalizingacontract　　18.Sheorderedsomepaper　　长对话

138　　19Hecannolongerworkatsea　　20Shepassedawayyearsago　　21Shehasnevergotonwithherfather　　22Heisexcellentbutlooksbad-tempered　　23Someofthepacksdonotcontainmanuals　　24solvetheproblemathercompany’scost　　25Ideal　　短文：　　26Cit’sentertaining　　27Ctheymaycatchsomedisease　　28Dcontinuethefeedingtillitgetwarm　　29Chewillliewheneverhewants　　30Ashemadehimapologize　　31Dmovefurnitureforher　　32Atheatmospheretheyliveinisratherunreal　　33Dhehastoomuchtoknowthevalueofthings　　34Dshehasnotimetodoitherself　　35DthelifestyledepictedinHollywoodmovies　　复合式听写答案：　　36concentrated40row　　37information41suspected　　38depends42phenomenon(现象)　　39straight43efficiently　　44oursecondruleoflearningisthis:itisbettertostudyfairlybrieflybutoften。　　45Let’ssayyouaretryingtolearnsomenewandratherdifficultEnglishvocabularyusingastackof

139cards。　　46Theanswerisitisbettertospaceoutthepresentationsofthewordyouaretolearn。　　47.Mrequire48.Ipainful49.Fespecially50.Eenormous51.Hmission52.Denhance53.Bdaily54.Jperformance55.Kprofession56Adaily　　57Aitinspiredmanyleadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen　　58Dqualityorganicreplacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadilyavailable　　59Daregainingmoreandmoresupport　　60Ashedoesn'tseemtocareaboutit　　61Bithasaverypromisingfuture　　62Baperson'shairmayrevealwheretheyhavelived。　　63Cfoodanddrinkleavetracesinone'sbodytissues　　64Bthewateritdeliversbecomeslighterwhenitmovesinland。　　65Dachartillustratingthemovementoftherainsystem。　　66Cithelpsthepolicenarrowdownpossibililitiesindetectivework。　　完型：67.D.budget68.A.mostly69.B.besides70.D.trend71.D.particularly72.A.while73.D.shaking74.B.if75.D.larger76.D.inviewof77.A.unique78.A.over79.D.decay80.A.proceeded81.B.widening82.B.massive83.C.vehicles84.A.or85.B.predict86.B.likely翻译　　87.difficulty(in)catchingupwithhisclassmates　　88.wouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain　　89.morelikelytoputonweight　　90.Whatmanypeopledon’trealize　　91.closelyrelativetothelackofexercise

140注意：资料收集于网上，仅供参考。2008年12月大学英语四级考试真题PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledLimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBag.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义LimitingtheUseofDisposablePlasticBag________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.That’senough,kidsItwasalovelydayattheparkandStellaBianchiwasenjoyingthesunshinewithhertwochildrenwhenayoungboy,agedaboutfour,approachedhertwo-year-oldsonandpushedhimtotheground.“I’dwatchedhimforalittlewhileandmysonwasthefourthorfifthchildhe’dshoved,”shesays.”Iwentovertothem,pickedupmyson,turnedtotheboyandsaid,firmly,’No,wedon’tpush,”Whathappenednextwasunexpected.“Theboy’smotherrantowardmefromacrossthepark,”Stellasays,”Ithoughtshewascomingovertoapologize,butinsteadshestartedshoutingatmefordiscipliningherchild,AllIdidwaslethimknowhisbehaviorwasunacceptable.WasIsupposedtositbackwhileherkiddidwhateverhewanted,hurtingotherchildrenintheprocess?”Gettingyourownchildrentoplayniceisdifficultenough.Dealingwithotherpeople’schildrenhasbecomeaminefield.Inmyhouse,jumpingonthesofaisnotallowed.Inmysister’shouseit’sencouraged.Forher,it’saboutkidsbeingkids:“Ifyoucan’tdoitatthree,whencanyoudoit?”Eachofthesephilosophiesisvalidand,ithastobesaid,mysonlovesvisitinghisaunt’shouse.ButIfindmyselfsaying“no”alotwhenherkidsareoveratmine.That’sOKbetweensistersbutbecomesdangerous

141territorywhenyou’retalkingtothechildrenoffriendsoracquaintances.“Kidsaren’tallraisedthesame,”agreesProfessorNaomiWhiteofMonashUniversity.”Butthereisstillanideathatthey’rethepropertyoftheparent.Weseeourchildrenasanextensionofourselves,soifyou’resayingthatmychildisbehavinginappropriately,thenthat’ssomehowacriticismofme.”Inthosecircumstances,it’sdifficulttoknowwhethertoapproachthechilddirectlyortheparentfirst.Therearetwoschoolsofthought.“I’dgotothechildfirst,”saysAndrewFuller,authorofTrickyKids.Usuallyaquietreminderthat’wedon’tdothathere’isenough.Kidsnavefinelytunedantennae(直觉)forhowtobehaveindifferentsettings.”Hepointsoutbringingitupwiththeparentfirstmaymakethemfeelneglectful,whichcouldcauseproblems.Ofcourse,approachingthechildfirstcanbringitsownheadaches,too.ThisiswhyWhiterecommendsthatyouapproachtheparentsfirst.Raiseyourconcernswiththeparentsifthey’rethereandaskthemtodealwithit,”shesays.Askedhowtoapproachaparentinthissituation,psychologistMeredithFulleranswers:“Explainyourneedsaswellasstressingtheimportanceofthefriendship.Prefaceyourremarkswithsomethinglike:’Iknowyou’llthinkI’msillybutinmyhouseIdon’twant…’”Whenitcomestosituationswhereyou’recaringforanotherchild,whiteisstraightforward:“commonsensemustprevail.Ifthingsdon’tgowell,thenhaveachat.”There’reacoupleofnewgreyareas.Physicalpunishment,onceacceptedfromanyadult,isnolongerappropriate.“Anewsetofconsiderationshascometotheforeaspartofthedebateabouthowwehandlechildren.”ForAndrewFuller,thechild-centricnatureofoursocietyhasaffectedeveryone:”Therulesaredifferentnowfromwhentoday’sparentsweregrowingup,”hesays,“Adultsarescaredofsaying:’don’tswear’,oraskingachildtostanduponabus.They’reworriedthattherewillbeconflictiftheypointthesethingsout–eitherfromolderchildren,ortheirparents.”Heseesitasalossofthesenseofcommonpublicgoodandpubliccourtesy(礼貌),andsaysthatadultssufferformitasmuchaschild.MeredithFulleragrees:“Acodeofconductishardtocreatewhenyou’relivinginaworldinwhicheveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,andaworldinwhichnicepeopleareperceivedtofinishlast.”“It’saboutwhatI’mdoingandwhatIneed,”AndrewFullersays.”thedayswhenakidcamehomefromschoolandsaid,“Igotintotrouble”.Anddadsaid,‘youprobablydeservedit’.Areover.Nowtheparentsarecharginguptotheschooltohaveagoatteachers.”

142Thisjumpingtoourchildren’sdefenseispartofwhatfuelsthe“walkingoneggshells”feelingthatsurroundsourdealingswithotherpeople’schildren.Youknowthatifyouremonstrate(劝诫)withthechild,you’regoingtohavetodealwiththeparent.It’sadmirabletobeprotectiveofourkids,butisitgood?“Childrenhavetolearntonegotiatetheworldontheirown,withinreasonableboundaries,”Whitesays.“Isuspectthatit’sonlycertainsectorsofthepopulationdoingtherunningtotheschool–better–educatedparentsareprobablymorelikelytobetooinvolved.”Whitebelievesournotionsofamorechild-centered,it’awayoftalkingabouttreatingourchildrenlikecommodities(商品).We’recenteredonthembutinwaysthatreflectpositivelyonus.Wetreatthemasobjectswhoseappearanceandachievementsaresomethingwecanbeproudof,ratherthanservethebestinterestsofthechildren.”Onewayover-worked,under-resourcedparentsshowcommitmenttotheirchildrenistoleaptotheirdefence.Backatthepark,Bianchi’intervention(干预)onherson’behalfendedinanundignifiedexchangeofinsultingwordswiththeotherboy’mother.AsBianchiapproachedtheparkbenchwhereshe’dbeensitting,othermumscameuptoherandcongratulatedherontakingastand.“Apparentlytheboyhadalongstandingreputationforbadbehaviourandhismumforevenworsebehaviourifhewaschallenged.”AndrewFullerdoesn’tbelievethatweshouldbeafraidofdealingwithotherpeople’skids.“lookatkidsthataren’tyourownasapotentialminefield,”hesays.Herecommendsthatwedon’tstaysilentoverinappropriatebehaviour,particularlywithregularvisitors.1.WhatdidStellaBianchiexpecttheyoungboy’smothertodowhenshetalkedtohim?A)makeanapologyB)comeovertointerveneC)disciplineherownboyD)takeherownboyaway2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdealingwithotherpeople’schildren?A)it’simportantnottohurttheminanywayB)it’snousetryingtostoptheirwrongdoingC)it’sadvisabletotreatthemasone’sownkidsD)it’spossibleforonetogetintolotsoftrouble3.AccordingtoprofessorNaomiwhiteofMonashuniversity,whenone’skidsarecriticized,theirparentswillprobablyfeel___________________________A)discouragedB)hurt

143C)puzzledD)overwhelmed4.Whatshouldonedowhenseeingotherpeople’skidsmisbehaveaccordingtoAndrewfuller?A)talktothemdirectlyinamildwayB)complaintotheirparentspolitelyC)simplyleavethemaloneD)punishthemlightly5.Duetothechild-centricnatureofoursociety,______________________A)parentsareworriedwhentheirkidsswearatthemB)peoplethinkitimpropertocriticizekidsinpublicC)peoplearereluctanttopointourkids’wrongdoingsD)manyconflictsarisebetweenparentsandtheirkids6.Inaworldwhereeveryoneisexhaustedfromoverworkandlackofsleep,____________________________A)it’seasyforpeopletobecomeimpatientB)it’sdifficulttocreateacodeofconductC)it’simportanttobefriendlytoeverybodyD)it’shardforpeopletoadmireeachother7.Howdidpeopleusetorespondwhentheirkidsgotintotroubleatschool?A)they’dquestiontheteachersB)they’dchargeuptotheschoolC)they’dtellthekidstoclamdownD)They’dputtheblameontheirkids8.Professorwhitebelievesthatthenotionsofamorechild-centredsocietyshouldbe____________________9.Accordingtoprofessorwhite,today’sparentstreattheirchildrenassomethingthey___________________10.Andrewfullersuggeststhat,whenkidsbehaveinappropriately,peopleshouldnot______________________PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

14411.A)Onlytruefriendshipcanlastlong.B)Letterwritingisgoingoutofstyle.C)Shekeepsinregulartouchwithherclassmates.D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.12.A)Apainter.C)Aporter.B)Amechanic.D)Acarpenter.13.A)Lookforaplacenearheroffice.C)Makeinquirieselsewhere.B)Findanewjobdownthestreet.D)Rentthe$600apartment.14.A)Hepreferstowearjeanswithalargerwaist.B)Hehasbeenextremelybusyrecently.C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.D)HeenjoyedgoingshoppingwithJaneyesterday.15.A)Thewomanpossessesanaturalforart.B)Womenhaveabetterartistictastethanmen.C)Heisn’tgoodatabstractthinking.D)Hedoesn’tlikeabstractpaintings.16.A)Shecouldn’thavelefthernotebookinthelibrary.B)shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.C)sheshouldhavemadecarefulnoteswhiledoingreading.D)sheshouldn’thavereadhisnoteswithouthisknowingit.17.A)shewantstogetsomesleepC)shehasaliteratureclasstoattendB)sheneedstimetowriteapaperD)sheistroubledbyhersleepproblem18.A)Heisconfidenthewillgetthejob.B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.C)Itisn’teasytofindaqualifiedsalesmanager.D)Theinterviewdidn’tgoaswellasheexpected.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Hecanmanagehistimemoreflexibly.B)Hecanrenewcontactwithhisoldfriends.C)Hecanconcentrateonhisownprojects.D)Hecanlearntodoadministrativework.20.A)Readingitsadsinthenewspapers.B)Callingitspersonneldepartment.

145C)Contactingitsmanager.D)Searchingitswebsite.21.A)Tocutdownitsproductionexpenses.B)Tosolvetheproblemofstaffshortage.C)Toimproveitsadministrativeefficiency.D)Toutilizeitsretiredemployees’resources.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Buyatractor.B)Fixahouse.C)Seeapieceofproperty.D)Singabusinesscontract.23.A)Itisonlyfortymilesformwheretheylive.B)Itisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse.C)Itwasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.D)Ithasalargegardenwithfreshvegetables.24.A)Growingpotatoeswillinvolvelesslabor.B)Itssoilmaynotbeverysuitableforcorn.C)Itmaynotbebigenoughforraisingcorn.D)Raisingpotatoeswillbemoreprofitable.25.A)FinancesB)EquipmentC)LaborD)ProfitsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26A)Tointroducethechiefofthecity’spoliceforceB)TocommentonatalkbyadistinguishedguestC)Toaddresstheissueofcommunitysecurity

146D)Toexplainthefunctionsofthecitycouncil27A)HehasdistinguishedhimselfincitymanagementB)HeisheadoftheInternationalPoliceForceC)HecompletedhishighereducationabroadD)Heholdsamaster’sdegreeincriminology28A)TocoordinateworkamongpolicedepartmentsB)TogetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeopleC)TohelptheresidentsintimesofemergencyD)Toenablethepolicetotakepromptaction29A)PopularB)discouragingC)effectiveD)controversialPassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30A)peoplediffergreatlyintheirabilitytocommunicateB)therearenumerouslanguagesinexistenceC)MostpubliclanguagesareinherentlyvagueD)Biggapsexistbetweenprivateandpubliclanguages31A)itisasignofhumanintelligenceB)inimproveswithconstantpracticeC)itissomethingwearebornwithD)itvariesfrompersontoperson32A)howprivatelanguagesaredevelopedB)howdifferentlanguagesarerelatedC)howpeoplecreatetheirlanguagesD)howchildrenlearntouselanguagePassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33A)shewasatailorB)shewasanengineerC)shewasaneducatorD)shewasapublicspeaker

14734.A)Basingthemonscience-fictionmovies.B)IncludinginterestingexamplesinthemC)AdjustingthemtodifferentaudiencesD)Focusingonthelatestprogressinspacescience35.A)WhetherspacemencarryweaponsB)HowspacesuitsprotectspacemenC)HowNASAtrainsitsspacemenD)WhatspacemencatanddrinkSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Crimeisincreasingworldwide.Thereiseveryreasontobelievethe(36)____willcontinuethroughthenextfewdecades.Crimerateshavealwaysbeenhighinmulticultural,industrializedsocietiessuchastheUnitedStates,butanew(37)____hasappearedontheworld(38)____rapidlyrisingcrimeratesinnationsthatpreviouslyreportedfew(39)____.Streetcrimessuchasrobbery,rape(40)___andautotheftareclearlyrising(41)___ineasternEuropeancountriessuchasHungaryandinwesternEuropeannationssuchastheunitedKingdom.Whatisdrivingthiscrime(42)____?Therearenosimpleanswers.Still，therearecertainconditions(43)_______withrisingcrimeincreasingheterogeneity(混杂)ofpopulations,greaterculturalpluralism,higherimmigration,democratizationofgovernment,(44)_________________________________________________.Theseconditionsareincreasinglyobservablearoundtheworld.Forinstance,culturesthatwerepreviouslyisolatedandhomogeneous(同种类的),suchasJapan,DenmarkandGreece(45)_______________________.Multiculturalismcanbearewarding,enrichingexperience,butitcanalsoleadtoaclashofvalues.Heterogeneityinsocietieswillbetheruleinthetwenty-firstcentury,and(46)_______________________PartIVReadingComprehension（ReadinginDepth）（25minutes）SectionAQuestion47-56Abooklesslifeisanincompletelife.Booksinfluencethedepthandbreadthoflife.Theymeetthe

148natural______47_____forfreedom,forexpression,forcreativityandbeautyoflife.Learners,therefore,musthavebooks,andtherighttypeofbook,forthesatisfactionoftheirneed.Readersturn______48_____tobooksbecausetheircuriosityconcerningallmannersofthings,theireagernesstoshareintheexperiencesofothersandtheirneedto____49_____fromtheirownlimitedenvironmentleadthemtofindinbooksfoodforthemindandthespirit.Throughtheirreadingtheyfindadeepersignificancetolifeasbooksacquaintthemwithlifeintheworldasitwasanditisnow.Theyarepresentedwitha__50_____ofhumanexperiencesandcometo___51____otherwaysofthoughtandliving.Andwhile____52____theirownrelationshipsandresponsestolife,thereadersoftenfindthatthe___53__intheirstoriesaregoingthroughsimilaradjustments,whichhelptoclarifyandgivesignificancetotheirown.Booksprovide___54____materialforreaders’imaginationtogrow.Imaginationisavaluablequalityandamotivatingpower,andstimulatesachievement.Whileenrichingtheirimagination,books__55____theiroutlook,developafact-findingattitudeandtrainthemtouseleisure___56___.Thesocialandeducationalsignificanceofthereaders’bookscannotbeoverestimatedinanacademiclibrary.A.AbundantB.CharactersC.CommunicatingD.CompletelyE.DeriveF.DesireG.DiversityH.EscapeI.EstablishingJ.NarrowK.NaturallyL.PersonnelM.ProperlyN.RespectO.WidenSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne

149Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouareamaleandyouarereadingthis,congratulations:youareasurvivor.Accordingtostatistics.youaremorethantwiceaslikelytodieofskincancerthanawoman,andninetimesmorelikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeittotheendofyournaturalterm,about78yearsformeninAustralia,youwilldieonaveragefiveyearsbeforeawoman.Therearemanyreasonsforthis-typically,mentakemorerisksthanwomanandaremorelikelytodrinkandsmokebutperhapsmoreimportantly,mendon’tgotothedoctor.“Menaren’tseeingdoctorsasoftenastheyshould,”saysDr.Gullotta,“Thisisparticularlysofortheover-40s,whendiseasestendtostrike.”Gullottasaysahealthymanshouldvisitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.Forthoseover45,itshouldbeatleastonceayear.TwomonthsagoGullottasawa50-year-oldmawhohaddelayeddoinganythingabouthissmoker’scoughforayear.“WhenIfinallysawhimithadalreadyspreadandhehassincediedfromlungcancer”hesays,“Earlierdetectionandtreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butitwouldhaveprolongedthislife”Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95%ofwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseeadoctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmeninthesameagegroup.“Alotofmenthinktheyareinvincible（不可战胜的）”Gullottasays“Theyonlycomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegolfcourseandtheythink”Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim.Thenthereistheostrichapproach,”somemenarescaredofwhatmightbethereandwouldrathernotknow,”saysDr.RossCartmill.“Mostmengettheircarsservicedmoreregularlythantheyservicetheirbodies,”Cartmillsays.Hebelievesmostdiseasesthatcommonlyaffectmencouldbeaddressedbypreventivecheck-ups.Regularcheck-upsformenwouldinevitablyplacestrainonthepublicpurse,Cartmillsays.”Butpreventionischeaperinthelongrunthanhavingtotreatthediseases.Besides,theultimatecostisfargreater:itiscalledprematuredeath.”57.Whydoestheauthorcongratulatehismalereadersatthebeginningofthepassage?A.Theyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.B.Theiraveragelifespanhasbeenconsiderablyextended.C.Theyhavelivedlongenoughtoreadthisarticle.D.Theyaresuretoenjoyalongerandhappierlive.58.Whatdoestheauthorstateisthemostimportantreasonmendiefiveyearsearlieronaveragethanwomen?A.mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomen

150B.mendon’tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomenC.menaren’tascautionsaswomeninfaceofdangerD.menaremorelikelytosufferfromfataldiseases59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletesthesentence“Geez,ifitcouldhappentohim…’(line2,para,8)?A.itcouldhappentome,tooB.IshouldavoidplayinggolfC.IshouldconsidermyselfluckyD.itwouldbeabigmisfortune60whatdoesDr.RossCartmillmeanby“theostrichapproach”(lineqpara.9)A.acasualattitudetowardsone’shealthconditionsB.anewtherapyforcertainpsychologicalproblemsC.refusaltogetmedicaltreatmentforfearofthepaininvolvedD.unwillingnesstofindoutaboutone’sdiseasebecauseoffear61.WhatdoesCartmillsayaboutregularcheck-upsformen?A.TheymayincreasepublicexpensesB.TheywillsavemoneyinthelongrunC.TheymaycausepsychologicalstrainsonmenD.TheywillenablementoliveaslongaswomenPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.High-qualitycustomerserviceispreached(宣扬)bymany,butactuallykeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthandoneShoppersseldomcomplaintothemanagerorownerofaretailstore,butinsteadwillalerttheirfriends,relatives,co-workers,strangers-andanyonewhowilllisten.Storemanagersareoftenthelasttohearcomplaints,andoftenfindoutonlywhentheirregularcustomersdecidetfrequenttheircompetitors,accordingtoastudyjointlyconductedbyVerdegroupandWhartonschool“Storytellinghurtsretailersandentertainsconsumers,”saidPaulaCourtney,PresidentoftheVerdegroup.”thestorelosesthecustomer,buttheshoppermustalsofindareplacement.”Onaverage,everyunhappycustomerwillcomplaintoatleastfourother,andwillnolongervisitthespecificstoreforeverydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewillloseuptothreemoreduetonegativereviews.Theresulting“snowballeffect”canbedisastroustoretailers.Accordingtotheresearch,shopperswhopurchasedclothingencounteredthemostproblems.rankedsecondandthirdweregroceryandelectronicscustomers.

151Themostcommoncomplaintsincludefilledparkinglots,cluttered(塞满了的)shelves,overloadedracks,out-of-stockitems,longcheck-outlines,andrudesalespeople.Duringpeakshoppinghours,someretailerssolvedtheparkingproblemsbygettingmoonlighting（业余兼职的）localpolicetoworkasparkingattendants.Somehiredflagwaverstodirectcustomerstoemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidanceeliminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircletheparkinglotendlessly,andavoidedconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthesameparkingspace.Retailerscanrelievetheheadachesbyredesigningstorelayouts,pre-stockingsalesitems,hiringspeedyandexperiencedcashiers,andhavingsalesrepresentativesonhandtoanswerquestions.Mostimportantly,salespeopleshouldbediplomaticandpolitewithangrycustomers.“Retailerswho’reresponsiveandfriendlyaremorelikelytosmoothoverissuesthanthosewhoaren’tsofriendly.”saidProfessorStephenHoch.“Maybesomethingassimpleasagreeteratthestoreentrancewouldhelp.”Customerscanalsoimprovefutureshoppingexperiencesbyfilingcomplaintstotheretailer,insteadofcomplainingtotherestoftheworld.Retailersarehard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhavenoideawhatiswrong.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答62.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelasttohearcomplaints?AMostcustomerswon’tbothertocomplaineveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.BCustomerswouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.CFewcustomersbelievetheservicewillbeimproved.DCustomershavenoeasyaccesstostoremanagers.63.WhatdoesPaulaCourtneyimplybysaying“…theshoppermustalsofindareplacement”(Line2,Para.4)?ANewcustomersareboundtoreplaceoldones.BItisnotlikelytheshoppercanfindthesameproductsinotherstores.CMoststoresprovidethesameDNotcomplainingtothemanagercausestheshoppersometroubletoo.64.Shopownersoftenhiremoonlightingpoliceasparkingattendantssothatshoppers_____AcanstaylongerbrowsinginthestoreBwon’thavetroubleparkingtheircarsCwon’thaveanyworriesaboutsecurityDcanfindtheircarseasilyaftershopping65.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingoverissueswithcustomers?

152AMannersofthesalespeopleBHiringofefficientemployeesCHugesupplyofgoodsforsaleDDesignofthestorelayout.66.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,customersareadvisedto_________.AexertpressureonstorestoimprovetheirserviceBsettletheirdisputeswithstoresinadiplomaticwayCvoicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectlyDshoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetweenstoresPartVCloze（15minutes）Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D]ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagersthatthemforgranted.Thisisespeciallytrue__67__childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand__68__sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy__69__toparticipationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare__70__likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften__71__theresourcesneededtopayforparticipation__72__,equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames__73__theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand__74__sportsfieldsandfacilities.Organizedyouthsports__75__appearedduringtheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydeveloped__76__someeducatorsanddevelopmentalexperts__77__thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere__78__influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingandeverydayexperiences.This__79__manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildrenin__80__ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsofadultsthatthosechildrenwouldbecome.Thisbeliefthatthesocial__81__influencedaperson’soveralldevelopmentwasvery__82__topeopleinterestedinprogressandreformintheUnitedStates__83__thebeginningofthe20thcentury.Itcausedthemtothinkabout__84__theymightcontroltheexperiencesofchildrento__85__responsibleandproductiveadults.Theybelievedstronglythatdemocracydependedonresponsibilityandthata__86__capitalisteconomydependedontheproductivityofworker.67.A.amongB.withinC.onD.towards68.A.spreadB.speedC.spurD.sponsor69.A.accessB.entranceC.chanceD.route

15370A.littleB.lessC.moreD.much71.A.shrinkB.tightenC.limitD.lack72.A.billBaccountsC.feesD.fare73.A.soB.asC.andD.but74.A.maintainB.sustainC.containD.entertain75.A.lastB.firstC.laterD.finally76.A.beforeB.whileC.untilD.when77.A.realizedB.recalledC.expectedD.exhibited78.A.specificallyB.excessivelyC.stronglyD.exactly79.A.movedB.conductedC.putD.led80.A.preciseB.preciousC.particularD.peculiar81.A.engagementB.environmentC.stateD.status82.A.encouragingB.disappointingC.upsettingD.surprising83.A.forB.withC.overD.at84.A.whatB.howC.whateverD.however85.A.multiplyB.manufactureC.produceD.provide86.A.growingB.breedingC.raisingD.flyingPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems______________(他们至今还没有答案)88.______________________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.89.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou_____________________________________________(以防天气变冷)90.Throughttheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand__________________________(决定自己创业)91.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown___________________________________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)答案：（提示：答案来源于网络，仅供参考）快速阅读1.A2.D3.B4.A5.C6.B7.D8.challenged

1549.canbeproudof10.staysilent听力：11.D)Shehaslostcontactwithmostofheroldfriends.12.D)Apainter.13.C)Makeinquireselsewhere.14.C)Hehasgainedsomeweightlately.15.D)Hedoesn'tlikeabstractpaintings.16.B)Shemayhaveputhernotebookamidthejournals.17.A)Shewantstogetsomesleep.18.B)Hischanceofgettingthejobisslim.19.AHecanmanagehistimemoreflexible.20.DSearchingitswebsite.21.DToutilizeitsretiredemployee'sresources.22CSeeapieceofproperty.23.BItisasmallonewithatwo-bedroomhouse.24.CItmaynowbebigenoughforraisingcorn.25.AFinances.26.A)Tointroducethechiefofthecity'policeforce.27.D)Heholdsamaster'sdegreeincriminology.28.B)Togetpoliceofficersclosertothelocalpeople.29.C)Effective.30.B)Therearenumerouslanguagesinexistence.31.C)Itissomethingwearebornwith.32.D)Howchildrenlearntouselanguage.33.B)Shewasanengineer.34.C)Adjustingthemtodifferentaudiences.35.A)Whetherspacemencarryweapons.复合式听写36trend37phenomenon38scene39offenses

15540murder41particularly42explosion43associated44changingnationalborders,greatereconomicgrowth,andthelackofacceptedsocialideasofrightandwrong45arenowfacingthesortofculturalvarietythathasbeencommoninAmericaformostofitshistory46failuretorecognizeandplanforsuchdiversitycanleadtoseriouscrimeproblemsReadingComprehension阅读理解SectionA47.F/desire48.K/naturally49.H/escape50.G/diversity51.N/respect52.I/establishing53.B/characters54.A/abundant55.O/widen56.M/properly57Atheyaremorelikelytosurviveseriousdiseasestoday.58Bmendon'tseekmedicalcareasoftenaswomen,59Aitcouldhappentome,too60Dunwillingnesstofindoutaboutone'sdeceasebecauseoffear.61Btheywillsavemoneyinthelongrun.62Bcustomerwouldratherrelatetheirunhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.63Cmoststoresprovidethesamekindofservice.64Bwon'thavetotroubleparkingtheircars.65Amannersofthesalespeople66Cvoicetheirdissatisfactiontostoremanagersdirectly.完型填空67.A.among68.D.sponsor69.A.access

15670.B.less71.D.lack72.C.fees73.B.as74.A.maintain75.B.first76.D.when77.A.realized78.C.strongly79.D.led80.C.particular81.B.environment82.A.encouraging83.D.at84.B.how85.C.produce86.A.growing翻译87.(that/which)theyhaven'tfoundsolutionto88.Whatmostparentsconcern89.incaseit(should)turncold.90.decidedtolaunchtheirownenterprise91.untiladoctordiscovereditbychance.PartIWriting(30minutes)RecreationalActivitiesDirections:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteALetterofApologyaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)MediaSelectionforAdvertisementsAfterdeterminingthetargetaudienceforaproductorservice,advertisingagenciesmustselectthe

157appropriatemediafortheadvertisement.Wediscussherethemajortypesofmediausedinadvertising.Wefocusonattentiononseventypesofadvertising:television,newspapers,radio,magazines,out-of-home,Internet,anddirectmail.TelevisionTelevisioninanattractivemediumforadvertisingbecauseitdeliversmassaudiencestoadvertisers.WhenyouconsiderthatnearlythreeoutoffourAmericanshaveseenthegameshowWhoWantstoBeaMillionaire?youcanunderstandthepoweroftelevisiontocommunicatewithalargeaudience.Whenadvertiserscreateabrand,forexample,theywanttoimpressconsumerswiththebrandanditsimage.Televisionprovidesanidealvehicleforthistypeofcommunication.Buttelevisionisanexpensivemedium,andnotalladvertiserscanaffordtouseit.Television’sinfluenceonadvertisingisfourfold.First,narrowcastingmeansthattelevisionchannelsareseenbyanincreasinglynarrowsegmentoftheaudience.theGolfChannel,forinstance,iswatchedbypeoplewhoplaygolf.HomeandGardenTelevisionisseenbythoseinterestedinhouseholdimprovementprojects.Thus,audiencesaresmallerandmorehomogeneous(具有共同特点的)thantheyhavebeeninthepast.Second,thereisanincreaseinthenumberoftelevisionchannelsavailabletoviewers,andthus,advertisers.Thishadalsoresultedinanincreaseinthesheernumberofadvertisementstowhichaudiencesareexposed.Third,digitalrecordingdevicesallowaudiencemembersmorecontroloverwhichcommercialstheywatch.Fourth,controloverprogrammingisbeingpassedfromthenetworkstolocalcableoperatorsandsatelliteprogrammers.NewspapersAftertelevision,themediumattractingthenextlargestannualasrevenueisnewspapers.TheNewYorkTimes,whichreachesanationalaudience,accountsfor$1billioninadrevenueannually.Ithasincreaseditsnationalcirculation(发行量)by40%andisnowavailableforhomedeliveryin168cities.Locally,newspapersarethelargestadvertisingmedium.Newspapersarealessexpensiveadvertisingmediumthantelevisionandprovideawayforadvertiserstocommunicatealonger,moredetailedmessagetotheiraudiencethantheycanthroughtelevision.Givennewproductiontechniques,advertisementscanbeprintedinabout48hours,meaningnewspapersarealsoaquickwayofgettingthemessageout.Newspapersareoftenthemostimportantformofnewsforalocalcommunity,andtheydevelopahighdegreeofloyaltyfromlocalreaders.RadioAdvertisingonradiocontinuestogrow.Radioisoftenusedinconjunctionwithoutdoorbill-boards(广告牌)andtheInternettoreachevenmorecustomersthantelevision.Advertisersarelikelytouseradiobecauseitisalessexpensivemediumthantelevision,whichmeansadvertiserscanaffordtorepeattheiradsoften.Internetcompaniesarealsoturningtoradioadvertising.Radioprovidesawayforadvertiserstocommunicatewithaudiencemembersatalltimesoftheday.Consumerslistentoradioontheirwaytoschoolorwork,atwork,onthewayhome,andintheeveninghours.Twomajorchanges—satelliteandInternetradio—willforceradioadvertiserstoadapttheirmethods.Bothoftheseradioformsallowlistenerstotuneinstationsthataremoredistantthanthelocalstationstheycould

158receiveinthepast.Asaresult,radiowillincreasinglyattracttargetaudienceswholivemanymilesapart.MagazinesNewsweeklies,women’stitles,andbusinessmagazineshaveallseenincreasesinadvertisingbecausetheyattractthehigh-endmarket.Magazinesarepopularwithadvertisersbecauseofthenarrowmarketthattheydeliver.Abroadcastmediumsuchasnetworktelevisionattractsalltypesofaudiencemembers,butmagazineaudiencesaremorehomogeneous.IfyoureadSportsIllustrated,forexample,youhavesuchincommonwiththemagazine’sotherreaders.Advertisersseemagazinesasanefficientwayofreachingtargetaudiencemembers.Advertisersusingtheprintmedia—magazinesandnewspapers—willneedtoadapttotwomainchanges.First,theInternetwillbringlargeraudiencestolocalnewspapers.Theseaudienceswillbemorediverseandgeographicallydispersed(分散)thaninthepast.Second,advertiserswillhavetounderstandhowtouseanincreasingnumberofmagazinesfortheirtargetaudiences.Althoughsomemagazineswillmaintainnationalaudiences,alargenumberofmagazineswillentertainnarroweraudiences.Out-of-homeadvertisingOut-of-homeadvertising,alsocalledplace-basedadvertising,hasbecomeanincreasinglyeffectivewayofreachingconsumers,whoaremoreactivethaneverbefore.Manyconsumerstodaydonotsitathomeandwatchtelevision.Usingbillboards,newsstands,andbussheltersforadvertisingisaneffectivewayofreachingtheseon-the-goconsumers.Moreconsumerstravellongerdistancestoandfromwork,whichalsomakesout-of-homeadvertisingeffective.Technologyhaschangedthenatureofthebillboardbusiness,makingitamoreeffectivemediumthaninthepast.Usingthedigitalprinting,billboardcompaniescanprintabillboardin2hours,comparedwith6dayspreviously.Thisallowsadvertisersmorevarietyinthetypesofmessagestheycreatebecausetheycanchangetheirmessagesmorequickly.InternetAsconsumersbecomemorecomfortablewithonlineshopping,advertiserswillseektoreachthismarket.AsconsumersgetmoreoftheirnewsandinformationfromtheInternet,theabilityoftelevisionandradiotogetthewordouttoconsumerswilldecrease.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthataudiencemembersremember.Internetadvertisingwillplayamoreprominentroleinorganizations’advertisinginthenearfuture.Internetaudiencestendtobequitehomogeneous,butsmall.Advertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachtheseaudiencesandwillhavetoadapttheirpersuasivestrategiestotheinlinemediumaswell.DirectmailAfinaladvertisingmediumisdirectmail,whichusesmailingstoconsumerstocommunicateaclient’smessage.Directmailincludesnewsletters,postcards,andspecialpromotion.Directmailisaneffectivewaytobuildrelationshipswithconsumers.Formanybusinesses,directmailisthemosteffectiveformofadvertising.1.Televisionisanattractiveadvertisingmediuminthat________.

159A)ithaslargeaudiencesB)itappealstohousewivesC)ithelpsbuildupacompany’sreputationD)itisaffordabletomostadvertisers

1602.WiththeincreaseinthenumberofTVchannels,________.

161A)thecostofTVadvertisinghasdecreasedB)thenumberofTVviewershasincreased

162C)advertisers’interestinothermediahasdecreasedD)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased3.Comparewithtelevision,newspapersasanadvertisingmedium_______.

163A)earnalargerannualadrevenueB)conveymoredetailedmessagesC)usemoreproductiontechniquesD)getmessagesoutmoreeffectively

1644.Advertisingonradiocontinuestogrowbecause_______.

165A)morelocalradiostationshavebeensetupB)moderntechnologymakesitmoreentertainingC)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumersD)ithasbeenrevolutionizedbyInternetradio

1665.Magazinesareseenbyadvertisersasanefficientwayto_______.

167A)reachtargetaudiencesB)appealtoeducatedpeopleC)attractdiverseaudiencesD)conveyallkindsofmessages

1686.Out-of-homeadvertisinghasbecomemoreeffectivebecause_______.

169A)billboardscanbereplacedwithintwohoursB)consumerstravelmorenowthaneverbeforeC)suchadshavebeenmademuchmoreattractiveD)thepaceofurbanlifeismuchfasternowadays

1707.ThechallengetoInternetadvertisersistocreateadsthatare________.

171A)quicktoupdateB)pleasanttolookatC)easytorememberD)convenienttoaccess

1728.Internetadvertiserswillhavetoadjusttheirmethodstoreachaudiencesthattendtobe_______.9.Directmailisaneffectiveformofadvertisingforbusinesstodevelop________.10.Thispassagediscusseshowadvertisersselect________foradvertisements.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionA

17311.A)Givenhisankleagoodrest.B)Treathisinjuryimmediately.C)Continuehisregularactivities.D)Becarefulwhenclimbingsteps.

17412.A)Onatrain.B)Onaplane.C)Inatheater.D)Inarestaurant.

17513.A)Atragicaccident.B)Asadoccasion.C)Smith’sunusuallifestory.D)Smith’ssleepingproblem.

17614.A)Reviewthedetailofallherlessons.B)Comparenoteswithhisclassmates.C)Talkwithherabouthislearningproblems.D)Focusinthemainpointsofherlectures.

17715.A)Themanblamedthewomanforbeingcareless.B)Themanmisunderstoodthewoman’sapology.C)Thewomanofferedtopayfortheman’scoffee.D)Thewomanspiltcoffeeontheman’sjacket.

17816.A)Extremelytedious.B)Hardtounderstand.C)Lackingagoodplot.D)Notworthseeingtwice.

17917.A)Attendingeverylecture.B)Doinglotsofhomework.C)Readingveryextensively.D)Usingtest-takingstrategies.

18018.A)ThedigitalTVsystemwillofferdifferentprograms.B)Heiseagertoseewhatthenewsystemislike.C)Hethinksitunrealistictohave500channels.D)ThenewTVsystemmaynotprovideanythingbetter.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

18119.A)Anoticebytheelectricityboard.B)Adspromotingelectricappliances.C)Thedescriptionofathiefindisguise.D)Anewpolicyonpensioners’welfare.

18220.A)Speakingwithaproperaccent.B)Wearinganofficialuniform.C)Makingfriendswiththem.D)ShowingthemhisID.

18321.A)Tobeonthealertwhenbeingfollowed.B)Nottoleaveseniorcitizensaloneathome.C)Nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment.D)Towatchoutforthosefromtheelectricityboard.

18422.A)Shewasrobbedneartheparkinglot.B)Allhermoneyinthebankdisappeared.C)Thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen.D)Shewasknockeddowninthepostoffice.

185Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

18623.A)Marketingconsultancy.B)Professionalaccountancy.C)Luxuryhotelmanagement.D)Businessconferenceorganization.

18724.A)Havingagoodknowledgeofitscustoms.B)Knowingsomekeypeopleintourism.C)Havingbeentothecountrybefore.D)BeingabletospeakJapanese.

18825.A)Itwillbringherpotentialintofullplay.B)Itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel.C)ItwillenablehertoimproveherChinese.D)ItwillgivehermorechancestovisitJapan.

189SectionBPassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19026.A)Thelackoftime.B)Thequalityoflife.C)Thefrustrationsatwork.D)Thepressureonworkingfamilies.

19127.A)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.B)Theysawtheimportanceofcollectiveefforts.C)Theydidn’tcomplainasmuchasmodernman.D)Theylivedahardlifebyhuntingandgathering.

19228.A)Tolookforcreativeideasofawardingemployees.B)Toexplorestrategiesforloweringproductioncosts.C)Toseeknewapproachestodealingwithcomplaints.D)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19329.A)Familyviolence.B)TheGreatDepression.C)Herfather’sdisloyalty.D)Hermother’sbadtemper.

19430.A)Hisadvancedage.B)Hischildren’sefforts.C)Hisimprovedfinancialcondition.D)Hissecondwife’spositiveinfluence.

19531.A)Loveisblind.B)Lovebreedslove.C)Divorceoftenhasdisastrousconsequences.D)Happinessishardtofindinblendedfamilies.

196PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19732.A)Itwaslocatedinapark.B)Itsownerdiedofaheartattack.C)Itwentbankruptallofasudden.D)Itspottedplantswereforleaseonly.

19833.A)Plantingsometreesinthegreenhouse.B)Writingawantadtoalocalnewspaper.C)PuttingupaGoingOutofBusinesssign.D)Helpingacustomerselectsomepurchases.

19934.A)Openinganofficeinthenewofficepark.B)Keepingbetterrelationswithhercompany.C)Developingfreshbusinessopportunities.D)Buildingabiggreenhouseofhisown.

20035.A)Owningthegreenhouseoneday.B)Securingajobattheofficepark.C)Cultivatingmorepottedplants.D)Findingcustomersoutoftown.

201SectionCWe’renowwitnessingtheemergenceofanadvancedeconomybasedoninformationandknowledge.Physical(36)________,rawmaterials,andcapitalarenolongerthekey(37)________inthecreationofwealth.Now,the(38)_______rawmaterialinoureconomyisknowledge.Tomorrow’swealthdependsonthedevelopmentandexchangeofknowledge.And(39)_______enteringtheworkforceoffertheirknowledge,nottheirmuscles.Knowledgeworkersgetpaidfortheireducationandtheirabilitytolearn.Knowledgeworkers(40)________inmindwork.Theydealwithsymbols:(41)________,anddata.Whatdoesallthismeanforyou?Asafutureknowledgeworker,youcanexpecttobe(42)________,processing,aswellasexchanginginformation,(43)_______,threeoutofhourjobsinvolvesomeformofmindwork,andthatnumberwillincreasesharplyinthefuture.Managementandemployeesalike(44)_______________________________________________________________________.Inthenewworldofwork,youcanlookforwardtobeinginconstanttraining(45)_______________________________________________________________.Anddon’twaitforsomeoneto“empower”you.Youhavetoempoweryourself.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionASomeyearsagoIwasofferedawritingassignmentthatwouldrequirethreemonthsoftravelthroughEurope.Ihadbeenabroadacoupleoftimes,butIcouldhardly_47_toknowmywayaroundthecontinent.Moreover,myknowledgeofforeignlanguageswas_48_toalittlecollegeFrench.Ihesitated.HowwouldI,unabletospeakthelanguage,_49_unfamiliarwithlocalgeographyortransportationsystems,setup_50_anddoresearch?Itseemedimpossible,andwithconsiderable_51_Isatdowntowritealetterbeggingoff.Halfwaythrough,athoughtcanthroughmymind:youcanlearnifyoudon’ttry.SoIacceptedtheassignment.Thereweresomebad_52_.ButbythetimeIhadfinishedthetripIwasanexperiencedtraveler.Andeversince,Ihaveneverhesitatedtoheadforeventhemostremoteofplaces,withoutguidersoreven_53_bookings,confidentthatsomehowIwillmanage.Thepointisthatthenew,thedifferent,isalmostbydefinition_54_.Buteachtimeyoutrysomething,youlearn,andasthelearningpilesup,theworldopenstoyou.I’velearnedtoskiat40,andflownuptheRhineRiverina_55_.AndIknowI’llgoondoingsuchthings.It’snotbecauseI’mbraverormoredaringthanothers.I’mnot.ButI’llacceptanxietyasanothernameforchallengeandIbelieveIcan_56_wonders.

202A)accomplishB)advancedC)balloonD)claimE)constantlyF)declareG)interviewsH)limitedI)manufactureJ)momentsK)newsL)reducedM)regretN)scaryO)totally

203SectionBPassageOneGlobalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,butregardlessofwhetheritisorisn’t–wewon’tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargueoveritandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoidit.Butthemoredramaticandmeaningfulthesecommitmentsseem,thelesslikelytheyaretobeobserved.AlGorecallsglobalwarmingan“inconvenienttruth,”asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.Buttherealtruthisthatwedon’tknowenoughtorelieveglobalwarming,and–withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs—wecan’tdomuchaboutit.From2003to2050,theworld’spopulationisprojectedtogrowfrom6.4billionto9.1billion,a42%increase.Ifenergyuseperpersonandtechnologyremainthesame,totalenergyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,CO2)willbe42%higherin2050.butthat’stoolow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomicgrowthunlesswecondemntheworld’spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryoneelse’slivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmorethandoubleby2050.Nogovernmentwilladoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonalfreedom(limitsonelectricityusage,drivingandtravel)thatmightcutbackglobalwarming.Still,politicianswanttoshowthey’re“doingsomething.”ConsidertheKyotoProtocol(京都议定书).Itallowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidn’t.Butithasn’treducedCO2emissions(upabout25%since1990),andmanysignatories(签字国)didn’tadopttoughenoughpoliciestohittheir2008-2012targets.Thepracticalconclusionisthatifglobalwarmingisapotentialdisaster,theonlysolutionisnewtechnology.Onlyanaggressiveresearchanddevelopmentprogrammightfindwaysofbreakingdependenceonfossilfuelsordealingwithit.Thetroublewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoralproblemwhenit’sreallyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon’tsolvetheengineeringproblem,we’rehelpless.57.Whatissaidaboutglobalwarminginthefirstparagraph?

204A)Itmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisatall.B)Itisanissuerequiringworldwidecommitments.C)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoidorstopit.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.

20558.Accordingtotheauthor’sunderstanding,whatisAlGore’sviewonglobalwarming?A)Itisarealitybothpeopleandpoliticiansareunawareof.B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.D)Itisanareaweactuallyhavelittleknowledgeabout.59.Greenhouseemissionswillmorethandoubleby2050becauseof_______.

206A)economicgrowthB)thewideninggapbetweentherichandpoorC)wastefuluseofenergyD)therapidadvancesofscienceandtechnology

20760.Theauthorbelievesthat,sincethesigningoftheKyotoProtocol,________.A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituationB)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuseC)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatlycutbackglobalwarmingD)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentalproblems61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey?A)Globalwarmingismoreofamoralissuethanapracticalone.B)TheultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnologyC)Thedebateoverglobalwarmingwillleadtotechnologicalbreakthroughs.D)Peoplehavetogiveupcertainmaterialcomfortstostopglobalwarming.PassageTwoSomedayastrangerwillreadyoure-mailwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsitesyou’vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchaseorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact,it’slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmightbeaspouse,agirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen—the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked.Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thatit’simportanttorevealyourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(碎屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglyweliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret.Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme.”Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费站)toavoidusingtheEZ-Passsystemthatcantrackautomobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsurrenderpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon(优惠券).Butprivacydoesmatter–atleastsometimes.It’slikehealth:Whenyouhaveit,youdon’tnoticeit.Onlywhenit’sgonedoyouwishyou’ddonemoretoprotectit.62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“the21stcenturyequivalentofbeingcaughtnaked”(Lines3-4,Para.2)?A)People’spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstolookintoothers’secrets.

208C)Peopletendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.D)Criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.63.Whatwouldpsychologistsadviseontherelationshipsbetweenfriends?

209A)Friendsshouldopentheirheartstoeachother.B)Friendsshouldalwaysbefaithfultoeachother.C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.D)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetweenfriends.

21064.Whydoestheauthorsay“weliveinaworldwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret”(Line5,Para.3)?A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.C)Therearealwayspeoplewhoarecuriousaboutothers’affairs.D)Manysearchenginesprofitbyrevealingpeople’sidentities.65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection?A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.

211C)Theyrelymoreandmoreonelectronicdevices.D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.

21266.Accordingtothepassage,privacyislikehealthinthat________.

213A)peoplewillmakeeveryefforttokeepitB)itsimportanceisrarelyunderstoodC)itissomethingthatcaneasilybelostD)peopledon’tcherishituntiltheyloseit

214PartVCloze(15minutes)Universitiesareinstitutionthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed_67_extendingman’sknowledgeofthesesubjects.Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions_68_fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein_69_andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdonot_70_thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe_71_researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions._72_mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis_73_tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin_74_withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.Moststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto_75_theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen_76_.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe_77_one.Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen_78_judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.Forthisreason,they_79_studentstomeetotherswithdiffering_80_andtoreadwidelyto_81_theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy._82_asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown_83_.Heshouldbepreparedto_84_sacrificestostudyhischosen_85_indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome86contributiontoman’sknowledge.

21567.A)atB)byC)toD)in

21668.A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies

21769.A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor

21870.A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare

21971.A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast

22072.A)ButB)AsC)WhileD)For

22173.A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optional

22274.A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)grasp

22375.A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure

22476.A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference

22577.A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only

22678.A)withB)underC)onD)through

22779.A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate

22880.A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities

22981.A)broadenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify

23082.A)AmidB)AfterC)OverD)Upon

23183.A)objectB)courseC)effectD)sake

23284.A)takeB)makeC)sufferD)pay

23385.A)fieldB)scopeC)targetD)goal

23486.A)radicalB)truthfulC)meaningfulD)initial

235PartVITranslation(5minutes)87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsofthisresearch___________________(能应用于新技术的开发)。88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.something___________(一定出了什么毛病)withitsoperationsystem.89.Leavingone’sjob,________________(不管是什么工作),isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.90.__________________________(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.91._________________________________(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.答案（注：答案来源于网络，仅供参考）PartIWriting（作文答案略）PartⅡ快速阅读答案1.A)ithaslargeaudiences2.D)thenumberofTVadspeoplecanseehasincreased3.B)conveymoredetailedmessages4.C)itprovideseasyaccesstoconsumers5.A)reachtargetaudiences6.B)consumerstravelmorenowthaneverbefore7.C)easytoremember8.quitehomogeneous,butsmall.9.relationshipswithconsumers10.theappropriatemediaPartⅢ听力11.A)Givehisankleagoodrest.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

23612.C)Inatheater.13.B)Asadoccasion.14.D)Focusonthemainpointsofherlectures.15.D)Thewomansplitcoffeeontheman’sskirt.16.B)Hardtounderstand.17.A)Attendingeverylecture.18.D)ThenewTVprogrammaynotprovideanythingbetter.长对话119.C)Thedescriptionofathiefindisguise.20.D)ShowingthemhisID.21.C)Nottoletanyoneinwithoutanappointment.22.C)Thepensionshehadjustdrawnwasstolen.长对话223.A)Marketingconsultancy.24.D)BeingabletospeakJapanese.25.B)Itwillinvolvelotsoftraintravel.短文126.A)Thelackoftime.27.A)Theywerejustasbusyaspeopleoftoday.28.D)Tofindeffectivewaystogiveemployeesflexibility.短文2学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

23729.B)TheGreatDepression.30.D)Hissecondwife’spositiveinfluence.31.B)Lovebreedslove.短文332.B)Itsownerdiedofaheartstroke.33.C)PuttingupaGoingOutofBusinesssing.34.C)Developingfreshbusinessopportunities.35.A.Owningthegreenhouseoneday.复合式听写36)labor37)ingredients38)vital39)individuals40)engage41)figures42)generating43)Currently44)willbemakingdecisionsinsuchareasasproductdevelopment,qualitycontrol,andcustomersatisfaction.45)toacquirenewskillsthatwillhelpyoukeepupwiththeimprovedtechnologiesandprocedures46)Don'texpectthecompaniestoprovideyouwithaclearly-definedcareerpath.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

238PartⅣ阅读理解47.D)claim48.H)limited49.O)totally50.G)interviews51.M)regret52.J)moments53.B)advanced54.N)scary55.C)balloon56.A)accomplish57.D)Verylittlewillbedonetobringitundercontrol.58.C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.59.A)economicgrowth.60.B)fewnationshaveadoptedrealtoughmeasurestolimitenergyuse.61.B)Theultimatesolutiontoglobalwarmingliesinnewtechnology.62.A)People’spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.63.C)Thereshouldbeadistanceevenbetweenfriends.64.B)Peopleleavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.65.D)Theytalkalotbuthardlydoanythingaboutit.66.D)Peopledon’tcherishituntiltheylostit.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

239PartⅤ完形67.A)at68.D)varies69.C)control70.B)possess71.D)vast72.A)But73.B)essential74.C)touch75.A)acquire76.B)profession77.D)only78.A)with79.C)encourage80.C)interests81.A)broaden82.B)After83.D)sake84.B)make85.A)field86.C)meaningful学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

240PartVITranslation87.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearchcanbeappliedtothedevelopmentofnewtechnology.（能应用于新技术的开发）88.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Somethingmustbewrong（一定出了毛病）withitsoperatingsystem.89.Leavingone’sjob,nomatterwhatjobitis/whateverjobitis,（无论是什么工作）isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.90.Comparedwiththeplace(inwhich/where)Igrowup,（与我成长的地方相比）thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.91.Notuntilhefinishedhismission（直到他完成使命）didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.2007年12月四级考试真题PartⅠWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。PartⅡRadingcomprehension(Skimmingandscanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepasssagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.UniveraitiesBranchOutAsneverbeforeintheirlongstory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantages.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomeMoreself-consciousyglobal:seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepast学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

241threedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.0percent,from8000,000in1975to2.5millionin2994.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesidgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,2000participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships（实习）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconducingfromaword-classscientistandhisU.S.team.Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledoftheworldintheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheinternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofhismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.Mostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnational学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

242Economicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericansuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentsandlikeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengththenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewInstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1．Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent–dayuniversitieshavebecomeA．moreandmoreresearch-orientedB．in-servicetrainingorganizationsC．morepopularizedthaneverbeforeD．apowerfulforceforglobalintegration2．Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreasedA．by2.5millionB．by800,000C．atanannualrateof3.9percentD．atanannualrateof8percent3．IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?A．10%B．20%C．30%D．38%4．HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?A．Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

243B．TheyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpoliticsC．TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogramD．Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship5．Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationisA．Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearchB．Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojectsC．Yale’sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutionsD．Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld6．WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?A．IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvardB．ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompanyC．ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversityD．ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup7．WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?A．Ithasincreasedby3percentB．IthasbeenunsteadyforyearsC．IthasbeenmorethansufficientD．Itdoubledbetween1998and20038．ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.SafterSeptember11wascausedby9．ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill10．ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayandPartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirection:Inhissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.C)ShewassomewhatoverweightB)Shewaspopularamongboys.D)Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.12.A)Atheairport.C)Inabookingoffice.B)Inarestaurant.D)Atthehotelreception.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

24413.A)Teachinghersonbyherself.C)Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.B)Havingconfidenceinherson.D)Tellinghersonnottoworry.14.A)Haveashortbreak.C)Continueherworkoutdoors.B)Taketwoweeksoff.D)Goonvacationwiththeman.15.A)Heistakingcareofthistwinbrother.C)HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.C)Hehabeenfeelingillallweek.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.16.A)Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse.C)Sheplanstoputallheroldfurnitureinthebasement.D)ShebroughtanewsetoffurniturefromItalylastmonth.17.A)Thewomanwonderedwhythemandidn’treturnthebook.B)Thewomandoesn’tseemtoknowwhatthebookisabout.C)Thewomandoesn’tfindthebookusefulanymore.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman.18.A)Mostoftheman’sfriendsareathletes.B)Fewpeoplesharethewoman’sopinion.C)Themandoesn’tlooklikeasportsman.D)Thewomandoubtstheman’sathleticability.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhaveheard.19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.B)Shehasprobablyleftitinataxi.C)Sheidgoingtogetittheairport.D)Sheisafraidthatshehaslostit.20)A)Itendsinwinter.B)Itwillcostheralot.C)Itwilllastoneweek.D)Itdependsontheweather.21.A)Theplaneistakingoffsoon.B)Theremightbeatrafficjam.C)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.D)Thereisalotofstufftopack.22.A)Athome.B)Intheman’scar.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

245C)Attheairport.D)Bythesideofataxi.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Sheisthirstyforpromotion.B)Shewantsamuchhighersalary.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.D)Shewantstosavetravelexpenses.24.A)Translator.B)Travelagent.C)Languageinstructor.D)Environmentengineer.25.A)Livelypersonalityandinquiringmind.B)Communicationskillsandteamspirit.C)Devotionandworkefficiency.D)Educationandexperience.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassage.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestions.,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26．A）Theycarealotaboutchildren.B）Theyneedlookingafterintheiroldage.C）Theywanttoenrichtheirlifeexperience.D）Theywantchildrentokeepthemcompany.27.A.Theyareusuallyadoptedfromdistantplaces.B.Theirbirthinfromationisusuallykeptsecret.C.Theirbirthparentsoftentrytoconcealtheirbirthinformation.D.Theiradoptiveparentsdon’twantthemtoknowtheirbirthparents.28.A.Theygenerallyholdbadfeelingstowardstheirbirthparents.B.Theydonotwanttohurtthefeelingsoftheiradoptiveparents.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

246C.Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.D.Theyarefullyawareoftheexpensesinvolvedinthesearch.29.A.Earlyadoptionmakesforcloserparent-childrelationship.B.Mostpeopleprefertoadoptchildrenfromoverseas.C.Understandingisthekeytosuccessfuladoption.D.Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A.Hesufferedfrommentalillness.B.HeboughtThewashingonpost.C.Heturnedafailingnewspaperintoasuccess.D.Hewasonceareporterforamajornewspaper.31.A.ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.S.publishingcompany.B.ShegotherfirstjobasateacherattheUniversityofChicago.C.Shecommittedsuicidebecauseofhermentaldisorder.D.Shetookoverherfather’spositionwhenhedied.32.A.Peoplecametoseetheroleofwomeninthebusinessworld.B.KatharineplayedamajorpartinreshapingAmericans’mind.C.AmericanmediawouldbequitedifferentwithoutKatharine.D.Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A.It’llenablethemtoenjoythebestmedicalcare.B.It’llallowthemtoreceivefreemedicaltheatment.C.It’llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.D.It’llpreentthedoctorsfromoverchargingthem.34．A）Theycan’timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.B）Theyhavetogothroughverycomplicatedapplicationprocedures.C）Theycanonlyvisitdoctorswhospeaktheirnativelanguages.D）Theymaynotbeabletoreceivetimelymedicaltreatment.35．A）Theydon’thavetopayforthemedicalservices.B）Theyneedn’tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.C）Theymustsendthereceiptstotheinsurancecompanypromptly.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

247D）Theyhavetopayamuchhigherpricetogetaninsurancepolicy.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Moreandmoreoftheword’spopulationarelivingintownsorcities.Thespeedatwhichcitiesaregrowinginthelessdevelopedcountriesis（36）.Between1920and1960bigcitiesindevelopedcountries（37）twoandahalftimesinsize,butinotherpartsoftheworldthegrowthwaseighttimestheirsize.They（38）sizeofgrowthisbadenough,buttherearenowalsovery（39）signsoftroubleinthe（40）ofpercentagesofpeoplelivingintownsandpercentagesofpeopleworkinginindustry.Duringthenineteenthcenturycitiesgrewasaresultofthegrowthofindustry.InEuropethe（41）ofpeoplelivingincitieswasalwayssmallerthanthatofthe（42）workinginfactories.Now,however,the（43）isalmostalwaystrueinthenewlyindustrializedworld:（44）.Withoutabaseofpeopleworkinginindustry,thesecitiescannotpayfortheirgrowth;（45）.Therehasbeenlittleopportunitytobuildwatersuppliesorotherfacilities.（46）agrowthinthenumberofhopelessanddespairingparentsandstarvingchildren.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection．Thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aswarspreadstomanycomersoftheglobe,Childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecenterofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation47.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe48ofpeacemakers.TheChildren’sMovementforpeacemakerswasevennominated(提名)ortheNobelpeaceprizein1998.Groupsofchildren49is学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

248peacemakersstudiedhumanrightsanpovertyissuesinColombia,eventuallyformingagroupwithfiveotherschoolsinBogotaknownaTheSchoolsofPeace.Theclassroom50opportunitiesforchildrentoreplaceangry,violentbehaviorswith51,peacefulones.Itisintheclassroomthatcaringandrespectforeachpersonempowerschildrentotakeastep52towardbecomingpeacemakers.Fortunately,educatorshaveaccesstomanyonlineresourcesthatare53usefulwhenhelpingchildrenalongthepathtopeace.TheYoungPeacemakersClub,startedin1992,providesaWebsitewithresourcesforteachersand54onstaringaKindnessCampaign.TheWorldCentersofCompassionforChildrenInternationalcallattentiontochildren’srightsandhowtohelpthe55ofwar.StartingaPeacemakers’Clubisapraiseworthyventureforaclassanonethatcouldspreadtootherclassroomsanideallyaffectthecultureofthe56school.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)actingI)informationB)assumingJ)offersC)comprehensiveK)projectsD)cooperativeL)respectivelyE)entireM)roleF)especiallyN)technologyG)forwardO)victimsH)imagesSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonfollowingpassage.Byalmostanymeasure,thereisaboominInternet-basedinstruction.Injustafewyears,34percentofAmericanuniversitieshavebegunofferingsomeformofdistancelearning(DL),andamongthelargerschools,it’scloserto90percent.Ifyoudoubtthepopularityofthetrend,youprobablyhaven’t.Itenrolls90,000student,astatisticusedtosupportitsclaimtobethelargestprivateuniversityinthecountry.Whilethekindsofinstructionofferedintheseprogramswilldiffer,DLusuallysignifiesacourseinwhichtheinstructionspostsyllabi(课程大纲),readingassignments,andschedulesonWebsites,andstudentssendintheirassignmentsbye-mail.Generallyspeaking,face-to-facecommunicationwithaninstructorisminimizedoreliminatedaltogether.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

249Theattractionforstudentsmightatfirstseemobvious.Primarily,there’stheconveniencepromisedbycoursesontheNet:youcandothework,astheysay,inyourpajamas(睡衣).Butfiguresindicatethatthereducedeffortresultsinareducedcommitmenttothecourse.WhiledropoutratesforallfreshmenatAmericanuniversitiesisaround20percent,therateforonlinestudentsis35percent.Studentsthemselvesseemtounderstandtheweaknessesinherentinthesetup.InasurveyconductedforeCornell,theDLdivisionofCornellUniversity,lessthanathirdoftherespondentsexpectedthequalityoftheonlinecoursetobeasgoodastheclassroomcourse.Clearyformtheschoolsperspective,there’salotofmoneytobesaved.Althoughsomeofthemoreambitiousprogramsrequirenewinvestmentsinserversandnetworkstosupportcollaborativesoftware,mostDLcoursescanrunonexistingorminimallyupgraded(升级)systems.Themorestudentswhoenrollinacoursebutdon’tcometocampus,themoretheschoolsavesonkeepingthelightsonintheclassrooms,payingdoorkeepers,andmaintainingparkinglots,Andthere’sevindencethatinstructorsmustworkhardertorunaDLcourseforavarietyofreasons,won’tbepaidanymore,andmightwellbepaidless.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatisthemoststrikingfeatureoftheUniversityofPhoenix?A)Allitscoursesareofferedonline.B)Itsonlinecoursesareofthebestquality.C)ItboaststhelargestnumberofstudentsoncampusD)Anyonetakingitsonlinecoursesissuretogetadegree.58．Accordingtothepassage,distancelearningisbasicallycharacterizedby_____A)AconsiderableflexibilityinitsacademicrequirementsB)Thegreatdiversityofstudents’academicbackgroundsC)Aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstructionD)tthecasualrelationshipbetweenstudentsandprofessors59.ManystudentstakeInternet-basedcoursesmainlybecausetheycan_____A)EarntheiracademicdegreeswithmuchlesseffortB)SaveagreatdealontravelingandboardingexpensesC)SelectcoursesfromvariouscollegesanduniversitiesD)Workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever60.Whataccountsforthehighdrop-outratesforonlinestudents?A)Thereisnostrictcontrolovertheacademicstandardsofthecourses.B)Theevaluationsystemusedbyonlineuniversitiesisinherentlyweak.C)Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

250D)Lackofclassroominteractionreducestheeffectivenessofinstruction.61.Accordingtothepassage,universitiesshowgreatenthusiasmforDLprogramsforthepurposeof_____A)buildinguptheirreputationC)upgradingtheirteachingfacilitiesB)cuttingdownontheirexpensesD)providingconvenienceforstudentsPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyes.AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontest,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressuresoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface.Arevelation（启示）camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously（自由地）toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirsttradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfistmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit.Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIkonwverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting（借用）mydaughter’sexperence.Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。62.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivites.B)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime.C)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting.D)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays.63.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience?学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

251A)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter.B)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.C)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore.D)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers.64.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest?A)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting.B)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp.C)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.D)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest.65.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents?A)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.B)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.C)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheiropinions.PartVCloze（15minutes）Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA），B）,C）andD）ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodstate.Moodmaybedefined67a67．A）asC）bytemporaryandmildpositiveornegativefeelingB）aboutD）withthatisgeneralizedandnottied68anyparticular68．A）overC）toB）underD）upcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe69from69．A）derivedC）dividedB）descendedD）distinguishedemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,70to70．A）relatedC）attachedspecificcircumstances,andoftenconscious.B）referredD）associated71onesense,theeffectofaconsumer’smood71．A）OnC）InB）OfD）Bycanbethoughtofin72thesamewayascan72．A）thusC）evenB）muchD）stillourreactionstothe73ofourfriends—whenour73．A）signalC）view学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

252friendsarehappyand“up”,thattendstoinfluenceB）gestureD）behavioruspositively,74whentheyare“down”,thatcan74．A）forC）unlessB）butD）providedhavea75impactonus.Similarly,consumers75．A）relativeC）negativeB）decisiveD）sensitiveoperatingundera76moodstatetendtoreactto76．A）givenC）fixedB）grantedD）drivenstimulate（刺激因素）inadirection77withthat77．A）resistantC）insistentmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpectB）persistentD）consistenttosee78inapositivemoodstateevaluate78．A）consumerC）retailersB）businessmenD）manufacturersproductsinmoreofa79mannerthanthey79．A）casualC）seriousB）criticalD）favorablewouldwhennotinsuchastate,80moodstates80．A）HoweverC）MoreoverB）OtherwiseD）Neverthelessappearcapableof81aconsumer’smeomory.81.A)liftingC)raisingB)enhancingD)cultivatingMoodsappeartobe81influencedbymar-82.A)readilyC)cautiouslyketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitch,B)rarelyD)currentlyand81ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluence83.A)stepC)bandB)speedD)volumeBehaviorsuchasthe81oftimespentin84.A)extentC)scopeB)amountD)rangeSupermarketsor81topurchaseproducts.In85.A)facilitiesC)reflectionsAddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’B)capacitiesD)intensionsmoodswhich,in81,arecapableofinfluencing86.A)turnC)detailconsumers’reactionstoproducts.B)totalD)depthPartⅥTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CmpletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.（多亏了一系列的新发明），doctorscantreatthisdiseaseSuccessfully.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

25388.Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat（我比以前更容易累了）.89.Iamgoingtopurchasethiscourse,（无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）.90.Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause（它更加方便和省时）.91.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife（是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的），nothowmuchtheycanearn.1.B.inservicetrainingorganizations　　2.C.atanannualrateof3.9percent　　3.B.20%　　4.D.Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship　　5.A.Yale'scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch　　6.C.ItisintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.　　7.B.Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.　　8.changesinthevisaprocess　　9.taketheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome　　10.strengthenthenation　　听力　　11.C)Shewassomewhatoverweight　　12.D)Atahotelreception　　13.B)Havingconfidenceinherson　　14.A)Haveashortbreak　　15.D)Hehasbeeninperfectcondition　　16.B)Shestillkeepssomeoldfurnitureinhernewhouse　　17.D)Thewomanforgotlendingthebooktotheman　　18.C)Themandoesn'tlooklikeasportsman　　19.A)Shehaspackeditinoneofherbags.　　20.C)Itwilllastoneweek.　　21.B)Thetaxiiswaitingforthem.　　22.A)Athome.　　23.C)Sheistiredofherpresentwork.　　24.A)Translator.　　25.D)Educationandexperience.　　26.A)Theycarealotaboutchildren.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

254　　27.B)Theirbirthinformationisusuallykeptsecret.　　28.C)Theyhavemixedfeelingsaboutfindingtheirnaturalparents.　　29.D)Adoptionhasmuchtodowithlove.　　30.B)HeboughtTheWashingtonPost.　　31.A)ShewasthefirstwomantoleadabigU.Spublishingcompany.　　32.D)Katharinehadexertedanimportantinfluenceontheworld.　　33.C)It'llprotectthemfrompossiblefinancialcrises.　　34.A)Theycan'timmediatelygetbackthemoneypaidfortheirmedicalcost.　　35.B)Theyneedn'tpaytheentiremedicalbillatonce.　　36.alarming.　　37.increased　　38.sheer　　39.disturbing　　40.comparison　　41.proportion　　42.workforce　　43.reverse　　44.Thepercentageofpeoplelivingincitiesismuchhigherthanthepercentageworkinginindustry.　　45.Thereisnotenoughmoneytobuildadequatehousesforthepeoplethatlivethere,letalonethenewarrivals.　　46.Sothefiguresforthegrowthoftownsandcitiesrepresentproportionalgrowthofunemploymentandunderemployment　　阅读　　47.K.projects　　48.M.role　　49.A.acting　　50.J.offers　　51.D.cooperative　　52.G.forward　　53.F.especially　　54.I.information　　55.O.victims　　56.E.entire.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

255　　57.A.Allitscoursesareofferedonline.　　58.C.aminimumortotalabsenceofface-to-faceinstruction.　　59.D.workontherequiredcourseswheneverandwherever.　　60.C.Thereisnomechanismtoensurethattheymaketherequiredeffort.　　61.B.cuttingdownontheirexpenses.　　62.A.Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities.　　63.B.Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.　　64.C.Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders.　　65.C.shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamofbecomingawriter.　　66.B.Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience.　　完型　　67.Aas　　68.Cto　　69.Ddistinguished　　70.Arelated　　71.CIn　　72.Bmuch　　73.Dbehavior　　74.Bbut　　75.Cnegative　　76.Agiven　　77.Dconsistent　　78.Aconsumers　　79.Dfavorable　　80.CMoreover　　81.Benhancing　　82.Areadily　　83.Dvolume　　84.Bamount　　85.Dintentions　　86.Aturn2007年6月23日大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷及答案学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

256PartIWriting(30minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofWelcometoourclub.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:欢迎辞，欢迎加入俱乐部。标题：Welcometoourclub书写提纲：1.表达你的欢迎；2.对你们俱乐部作一个简要介绍。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestion8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.ProtectYourPrivacyWhenJob-huntingOnlineIdentitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.Thenumbersassociatedwithidentitytheftarebeginningtoaddupfastthesedays.ArecentGeneralAccountingOfficereportestimatesthatasmanyas750,000Americansarevictimsofidentitythefteveryyear.Andthatnumbermaybelow,asmanypeoplechoosenottoreportthecrimeeveniftheyknowtheyhavebeenvictimized.Identitytheftis“anabsoluteepidemic,”statesRobertEllisSmith,arespectedauthorandadvocateofprivacy.“It’scertainlypickedupinthelastfourorfiveyears.It’sworldwide.Itaffectseverybody,andthere’sverylittleyoucandotopreventitand,worstofall,youcan’tdetectituntilit’sprobablytoolate.”Unlikeyourfingerprints,whichareuniquetoyouandcannotbegiventosomeoneelsefortheiruse,youpersonaldata,especiallyyoursocialsecuritynumber,yourbankaccountorcreditcardnumber,yourtelephonecallingcardnumber,andothervaluableidentifyingdata,canbeused,iftheyfallintothewronghands,topersonallyprofitatyourexpense.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,forexample,manypeoplehavereportedthatunauthorizedpersonshavetakenfundsoutoftheirbankorfinancialaccounts,or,intheworstcases,takenovertheiridentitiesaltogether,runningupvastdebtsandcommittingcrimeswhileusingthevictims’names.Inmanycases,avictim’slossesmayincludednotonlyout-of-pocketfinanciallosses,butsubstantialadditionalfinancialcostsassociatedwithtryingtorestorehisreputationinthecommunityandcorrectingerroneousinformationforwhichthecriminalisresponsible.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

257AccordingtotheFBI,identitytheftisthenumberonefraudcommittedontheInternet.Sohowdojobseekersprotectthemselveswhilecontinuingtocirculatetheirresumesonline?Thekeytoasuccessfulonlinejobsearchislearningtomanagertherisks.HerearesometipsforstayingsafewhileconductingajobsearchontheInternet.1.Checkforaprivacypolicy.Ifyouareconsideringpostingyourresumeonline,makesurethejobsearchsiteyourareconsideringhasaprivacypolicy,likeCareerBuilder.com.Thepolicyshouldspellouthowyourinformationwillbeused,storedandwhetherornotitwillbeshared.Youmaywanttothinktwiceaboutpostingyourresumeonasitethatautomaticallysharesyourinformationwithothers.Youcouldbeopeningyourselfuptounwantedcallsfromsolicitors(推销员).Whenreviewingthesite’sprivacypolicy,you’llbeabletodeleteyourresumejustaseasilyasyoupostedit.Youwon’tnecessarilywantyourresumetoremainoutthereontheInternetonceyoulandajob.Remember,thelongeryourresumeremainspostedonajobboard,themoreexposure,bothpositiveandnot-so-positive,itwillreceive.2.Takeadvantageofsitefeatures.Lawfuljobsearchsitesofferlevelsofprivacyprotection.Beforepostingyourresume,carefullyconsideryourjobsearchobjectiveandthelevelofriskyouarewillingtoassume.CareerBuilder.com,forexample,offersthreelevelsofprivacyfromwhichjobseekerscanchoose.Thefirstisstandardposting.Thisoptiongivesjobseekerswhoposttheirresumesthemostvisibilitytothebroadestemployeraudiencepossible.Thesecondisanonymous(匿名的)posting.Thisallowsjobseekersthesamevisibilityasthoseinthestandardpostingcategorywithoutanyoftheircontactinformationbeingdisplayed.Jobseekerswhowishtoremainanonymousbutwanttosharesomeotherinformationmaychoosewhichpiecesofcontactinformationtodisplay.Thethirdisprivateposting.Thisoptionallowsajobseekertopostaresumewithouthavingitsearchedbyemployers.PrivatepostingallowsjobseekerstoquicklyandeasilyapplyforjobsthatappearonCareerBuilder.comwithoutretypingtheirinformation.3.Safeguardyouridentity.CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.Replaceyournameonyourresumewithageneric(泛指的)identifier,suchas“IntranetDeveloperCandidate,”or“ExperiencedMarketingRepresentative.”Youshouldalsoconsidereliminatingthenameandlocationofyourcurrentemployer.Dependingonyourtitle,itmaynotbeallthatdifficulttodeterminewhoyouareoncethenameofyourcompanyisprovided.Useageneraldescriptionofthecompanysuchas“Majorautomanufacturer,”or“Internationalpackagedgoodssupplier.”Ifyourjobtitleisunique,considerusingthegenericequivalentinsteadoftheexacttitleassignedbyyouremployer.4.Establishandemailaddressforyoursearch.Anotherwaytoprotectyourprivacywhileseekingemploymentonlineistoopenupanemailaccountspecificallyfor学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

258youronlinejobsearch.Thiswillsafeguardyourexistingemailboxintheeventsomeoneyoudon’tknowgetsholdofyouremailaddressandsharesitwithothers.Usinganemailaddressspecificallyforyoujobsearchalsoeliminatesthepossibilitythatyouwillreceiveunwelcomeemailsinyourprimarymailbox.Whennamingyournewemailaddress,besurethatitdoesn’tcontainreferencestoyournameorotherinformationthatwillgiveawayyouridentity.Thebestsolutionisanemailaddressthatisrelevanttothejobyouareseekingsuchassalesmgr2004@provider.com.5.Protectyourreference.Ifyourresumecontainsasectionwiththenamesandcontactinformationofyourreferences,takeitout.There’snosenseinsafeguardingyourinformationwhilesharingprivatecontactinformationofyourreferences.6.Keepconfidential(机密的)informationconfidential.Donot,underanycircumstances,shareyoursocialsecurity,driver’slicense,andbankaccountnumbersorotherpersonalinformation,suchasraceoreyecolor.Honestemployersdonotneedthisinformationwithaninitialapplication.Don’tprovidethiseveniftheysaytheyneeditinordertoconductabackgroundcheck.Thisisoneoftheoldesttricksinthebook–don’tfallforit.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.RobertEllisSmithbelievesidentitytheftisdifficulttodetectandonecanhardlydoanythingtopreventit.2.Inmanycases,identitytheftnotonlycausesthevictims’immediatefinanciallossesbutcoststhemalottorestoretheirreputation.3.Identitytheftisaminoroffenceanditsharmhasbeensomewhatoverestimated.4.Itisimportantthatyourresumenotstayonlinelongerthanisnecessary.5.OfthethreeoptionsofferedbyCareerBuilder.cominSuggestion2,thethirdoneisapparentlymoststronglyrecommended.6.Employersrequireapplicantstosubmitverypersonalinformationonbackgroundchecks.7.Applicantsareadvisedtousegenericnamesforthemselvesandtheircurrentemployerswhenseekingemploymentonline.8.Usingaspecialemailaddressinthejobsearchcanhelppreventyourfromreceiving________.9.Toprotectyourreferences,youshouldnotpostonlinetheir________.10.Accordingtothepassage,identitytheftiscommittedtypicallyfor________.PartIIIListingComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

259B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer,thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethoughthecentre.注意：此部分答题在答题卡2上作答。11.A)Itcouldhelppeopleofallagestoavoidcancer.B)Itwasmainlymeantforcancerpatients.C)Itmightappealmoretoviewersover40.D)Itwasfrequentlyinterruptedbycommercials.（C）12.A)Themanisfondoftraveling.B)Thewomanisaphotographer.C)Thewomantookalotofpicturesatthecontest.D)Themanadmiresthewoman’stalentinwriting.（D）13.A)Themanregretsbeingabsent-minded.B)Thewomansavedthemansometrouble.C)Themanplacedthereadinglistonadesk.D)Thewomanemptiedthewastepaperbasket.（B）14.A)HequitteachinginJune.B)Hehasleftthearmyrecently.C)Heopenedarestaurantneartheschool.D)Hehastakenoverhisbrother’sbusiness.（A）15.A)Sheseldomreadsbooksfromcovertocover.B)Sheisinterestedinreadingnovels.C)Shereadonlypartofthebook.D)Shewaseagertoknowwhatthebookwasabout.（C）16.A)Shewasabsentallweekowingtosickness.B)Shewasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident.C)Shecalledtosaythatherhusbandhadbeenhospitalized.D)Shehadtobeawayfromschooltoattendtoherhusband.（D）17.A)ThespeakerswanttorenttheSmiths’oldhouse.B)ThemanlivestwoblocksawayfromtheSmiths.C)Thewomanisnotsureifsheisontherightstreet.D)TheSmiths’newhouseisnotfarfromtheiroldone.（D）18.A)Themanhadahardtimefindingaparkingspace.B)Thewomanfoundtheyhadgottothewrongspot.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

260C)Thewomanwasoffendedbytheman’slatearrival.D)Themancouldn’tfindhiscarintheparkinglot.（A）Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Thehotelclerkhadputhisreservationunderanothername.B)Thehotelclerkinsistedthathedidn’tmakeanyreservation.C)Thehotelclerktriedtotakeadvantageofhisinexperience.D)Thehotelclerkcouldn’tfindhisreservationforthatnight.（C）20.A)Agrandweddingwasbeingheldinthehotel.B)Therewasaconferencegoingoninthecity.C)Thehotelwasundergoingmajorrepairs.D)Itwasabusyseasonforholiday-makers.（B）21.A)Itwasfreeofchargeonweekends.B)Ithada15%discountonweekdays.C)Itwasofferedtofrequentguestsonly.D)Itwas10%cheaperthaninotherhotels.（A）22.A)Demandcompensationfromthehotel.B)Askforanadditionaldiscount.C)Complaintothehotelmanager.D)Findacheaperroominanotherhotel.（C）Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)AnemployeeinthecitycouncilatBirmingham.B)AssistantDirectoroftheAdmissionsOffice.C)HeadoftheOverseasStudentsOffice.D)SecretaryofBirminghamMedicalSchool.（B）24.A)Nearlyfiftypercentareforeigners.B)AboutfifteenpercentarefromAfrica.C)AlargemajorityarefromLatinAmerica.D)AsmallnumberarefromtheFarEast.（A）25.A)Shewillhavemorecontactwithstudents.B)Itwillbringhercapabilityintofullerplay.C)ShewillbemoreinvolvedIpolicy-making.D)Itwillbelessdemandingthanherpresentjob.（C）SectionB学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

261Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)Herparentsthrivedintheurbanenvironment.B)HerparentsleftChicagotoworkonafarm.C)HerparentsimmigratedtoAmerica.D)Herparentssetupanice-creamstore.（C）27.A)HetaughtEnglishinChicago.B)Hewascrippledinacaraccident.C)Heworkedtobecomeanexecutive.D)Hewasbornwithalimp.（B）28.A)Shewasfondoflivinganisolatedlife.B)ShewasfascinatedbyAmericanculture.C)Shewasverygenerousinofferinghelp.D)Shewashighlydevotedtoherfamily.（D）PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Hesufferedanervousbreakdown.B)Hewaswronglydiagnosed.C)Hewasseriouslyinjured.D)Hedevelopedastrangedisease.（C）30.A)Hewasabletotalkagain.B)Heracedtothenursinghome.C)Hecouldtellredandblueapart.D)Hecouldnotrecognizehiswife.（A）31.A)Twenty-ninedays.B)Twoandahalfmonths.C)Severalminutes.D)Fourteenhours.（B）32.A)Theywelcomedthepublicityinthemedia.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

262B)Theavoidedappearingontelevision.C)Theyreleasedavideoofhisprogress.D)Theydeclinedtogivedetailsofhiscondition.（D）PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Forpeopletoshareideasandshowfarmproducts.B)Forofficialstoeducatethefarmingcommunity.C)Forfarmerstoexchangetheirdailynecessities.D)Forfarmerstocelebratetheirharvests.（A）34.A)Bybringingananimalrarelyseenonnearbyfarms.B)Bybringingabagofgraininexchangeforaticket.C)Byofferingtodovolunteerworkatthefair.D)Byperformingaspecialskillattheentrance.（B）35.A)TheycontributetothemodernizationofAmericanfarms.B)Theyhelptoincreasethestategovernments’revenue.C)Theyprovideastageforpeopletogiveperformances.D)TheyremindAmericansoftheimportanceofagriculture.（D）SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上；请在答题卡2上作答。Students’pressuresometimescomesfromtheirparents.Mostparentsarewell(36)________,butsomeofthemaren’tveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershavein(37)________tocollege,andafewofthemseemtogooutoftheirwaytoaddtotheirchildren’sdifficulties.Foronething,parentsareoftennot(38)________ofthekindsofproblemstheirchildrenface.Theydon’trealizethatthe(39)________iskeener,thattherequired(40)________ofworkarehigher,andthattheirchildrenmaynotbepreparedforthechange.(41)________toseeingA’sandB’sonhighschoolreportcards,theymaybeupsetwhentheirchildren’sfirst(42)________collegegradesarebelowthatlevel.Attheirkindest,theymaygently(43)________whyJohnorMaryisn’tdoingbetter,whetherheorsheistryingashardasheorsheshould,andsoon.(44)学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

263________________________________.Sometimesparentsregardtheirchildrenasextensionsofthemselvesand(45)________________________________.Intheirinvolvementandidentificationwiththeirchildren,theyforgetthateveryoneisdifferentandthateachpersonmustdevelopinhisorherownway.Theyforgetthattheirchildren,(46)________________________________.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients__47__ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain__48__.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein__49__aperson’swell-being.Weknowthatchronic(慢性的)paincandisrupt(扰乱)aperson’slife,causingproblemsthat__50__frommissedworktodepression.That’swhyagrowingnumberofhospitalsnowdependuponphysicianswho__51__inpainmedicine.Notonlydoweevaluatethecauseofthepain,whichcanhelpustreatthepainbetter,butwealsohelpprovidecomprehensivetherapyfordepressionandotherpsychologicalandsocial__52__relatedtochronicpain.Suchcomprehensivetherapyoften__53__theworkofsocialworkers,psychiatrists(心理医生)andpsychologists,aswellasspecialistsinpainmedicine.Thismodern__54__forpainmanagementhasledtoawealthofinnovativetreatmentswhicharemoreeffectiveandwithfewersideeffectsthaneverbefore.Decadesago,therewereonlya__55__numberofdrugsavailable,andmanyofthemcaused__56__sideeffectsinolderpeople,includingdizzinessandfatigue.Thiscreatedadouble-edgedsword:themedicationshelpedrelievethepainbutcausedotherproblemsthatcouldbeworsethanthepainitself.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A)resultI)determiningB)involvesJ)limitedC)significantK)gravelyD)range学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

264L)complainedE)relievedM)respectF)issuesN)promptingG)seriouslyO)specializeH)magnificentSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis.ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen.Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear.Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouavailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeand学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

265thefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans________.A)noonecanbebothcreativeandcriticalB)theycannotberegardedasequallyimportantC)theyareinconstantconflictwitheachotherD)onecannotusethematthesametime（D）58.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________.A)puttingtheirideasinrawformB)attemptingtoeditastheywriteC)ignoringgrammaticalsoundnessD)tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts（B）59.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting?A)Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically.B)Tochooseanappropriatetopic.C)Togetone’sideasdown.D)Tocollectrawmaterials.（C）60.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat________.A)itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemindB)ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwardsC)itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticismD)itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly（B）61.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess?A)Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.B)Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas.C)Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim.D)Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.（A）PassageTwoIdon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

266At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性别)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相对于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind.Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory.TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout.62.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain?A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields.B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination.C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind.D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.（B）63.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________.A)theveryfactthatsheisawomanB)herinvolvementingenderpoliticsC)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicistD)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety（A）64.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch?A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience.B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle.C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists.D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured.（C）65.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues.B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

267C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents.D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore.（D）66.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration.B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess.C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily.D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer.（C）PartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。AnearthquakehitKashmironOct.8,2005.ittooksome75,000lives,__67__130,000andleftnearly3.5millionwithoutfood,jobsorhomes.__68__overnight,scoresoftentvillagesbloomed__69__theregion,tendedbyinternationalaidorganizations,military__70__andaidgroupsworkingdayandnighttoshelterthesurvivorsbeforewinterset__71__.Mercifully,theseasonwasmild.Butwiththe__72__ofspringtherefugeeswillbemovedagain.Campsthat__73__healthcare,foodandshelterfor150,000survivorshavebeguntocloseastheywere__74__intendedtobepermanent.Formostoftherefugees,thethoughtofgoingbackbrings__75__emotions.Thepastsixmonthshavebeendifficult.Familiesof__76__manyas10peoplehavehadtoshelter__77__asingletentandsharecookstovesandbathing__78__withneighbors.“Theyarelookingforwardtothecleanwateroftheirrivers,”officialssay.“Theyare__79__offreefreshfruit.Theywanttogetbacktotheirherdsandstart__80__again.”Butmostwillbereturningto__81__butheapsofruins.Inmanyvillages,electrical__82__havenotbeenrepaired,norhaveroads.Aidworkers__83__thatitwilltakeyearstorebuildwhattheearthquaketook__84__.Andforthethousandsofsurvivors,the__85__willneverbecomplete.Yetthesurvivorshavetostartsomewhere.Newhomescanbebuilt__86__thestones,bricksandbeamsofoldones.Springiscominganditisagoodtimetostartagain.67.A)injuredB)ruinedC)destroyedD)damaged（A）68.A)AltogetherB)AlmostC)ScarcelyD)Surely（B）学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

26869.A)amongB)aboveC)amidD)across（D）70.A)ranksB)equipmentC)personnelD)installations（C）71.A)outB)inC)onD)forth（B）72.A)fallingB)emergenceC)arrivalD)appearing（C）73.A)strengthenedB)aidedC)transferredD)provided（D）74.A)neverB)onceC)everD)yet（A）75.A)puzzledB)contrastedC)doubledD)mixed（D）76.A)likeB)asC)soD)too（B）77.A)by学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

269B)belowC)underD)with（C）78.A)facilitiesB)instrumentsC)implementsD)appliances（A）79.A)seekingB)dreamingC)longingD)searching（B）80.A)producingB)cultivatingC)farmingD)nourishing（C）81.A)anythingB)somethingC)everythingD)nothing（C）82.A)linesB)channelsC)pathsD)currents（A）83.A)asideB)awayC)upD)evaluate（D）84.A)asideB)awayC)upD)out（B）85.A)reservationB)retreat学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

270C)replacementD)recovery（C）86.A)fromB)throughC)uponD)onto（A）PartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.PleasewriteyoutranslationonAnswerSheet2.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。87.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedto________________________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).88.ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis________________________(我们可以合作的领域).89.Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete________________________(决定退出比赛).90.Tomakedonationsorformoreinformation,please________________________(按以下地址和我们联系).91.Pleasecomehereattentomorrowmorning________________________(如果你方便的话).2007年6月23日四级参考答案PartIWriting四级英语参考范文：PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)1.Y2.Y3.N.4.Y.5.NG6.N7.Y8.unwelcomeemails9.namesandcontactinformation10.economicgainPartIIIListeningComprehension11.C12.D学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

27113.B14.A15.C16.D17.D18.A19.C20.B21.A22.C23.B24.A25.C26.C27.B28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.B35.D36.meaning37.adjusting38.aware39.competition40.standards41.accustomed42.semester43.inquire44.attheirworst,theymaythreatentotaketheirchildrenoutofcollegeorcutofffunds学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

27245.thinkitonlyrightandnaturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives46.whoarenowyoungadultsmust,betheonesresponsibleforwhattheydoandwhattheyare15.10PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)47.L48.G49.I50.D51.O52.F53.B54.M55.J56.C57.D58.B59.C60.B61.A62.B63.A64.C65.D66.CPartVCloze67.A68.B69.D70.C71.B72.C73.D74.A学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

27375.D76.B77.C78.A79.B80.C81.D82.A83.C84.B85.D86.APartVITranslation(5minutes)87.takepeople’ssleepqualityintoaccount88.thefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate89.decidedtoquitthematch90.contactusatthefollowingaddress91.ifitisconvenientforyou/atyourconvenience2006年12月23日四级考试真题（最新整理版）PartⅠWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitled.TheImportanceofReadingclassics.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.1、许多人喜欢在除夕夜观看春节晚会2、但有些人提出取消春节晚会3、我的看法PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswersheet1.Forquestions1-4,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

274Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SixSecretsofHigh-EnergyPeopleThere’sanenergycrisisinAmerica,andithasnothingtodowithfossilfuels.Millionsofusgetupeachmorningalreadywearyoverthedayholds.“Ijustcan’tgetstarted.”Peoplesay.Butit’snotphysicalenergythatmostofuslack.Sure,wecouldalluseextrasleepandabetterdiet.Butintruth,peoplearehealthiertodaythanatanytimeinhistory.Icanalmostguaranteethatifyoulongformoreenergy,theproblemisnotwithyourbody.Whatyou’reseekingisnotphysicalenergy.It’semotionalenergy.Yet,sadtosaylifesometimesseemsdesignedtoexhaustoursupply.Weworktoohard.Wehavefamilyobligations.Weencounteremergenciesandpersonalcrises.Nowondersomanyofussufferfromemotionalfatigue,akindofutterexhaustionofthespirit.Andyetweallknowpeoplewhoarefilledwithjoy,despitetheunpleasantcircumstancesoftheirlives.EvenasachildIobservedpeoplewhowerepoorordisabledorill,butwhononethelessfacedlifewithoptimismandvigor.ConsiderLauraHillenbrand,whodespiteanextremelyweakbodywrotethebest-sellerSeabiscuit.Hillenbrandbarelyhadenoughphysicalenergytodragherselfoutofbetowrite.Butshewasfueledbyhavingastoryshewantedtoshare.Itwasemotionalenergythathelpedhersucceed.Unlikephysicalenergy,whichisfiniteanddiminisheswithage,emotionalenergyisunlimitedandhasnothingtodowithgenesorupbringing.Sohowdoyougetit?Youcan’tsimplytellyourselftobepositive.Youmusttakeaction.Herearesixpracticalstrategiesthatwork.1.Dosomethingnew.Verylittlethat’snewoccursinourlives.Theimpactofthissamenessonouremotionalenergyisgradual,buthuge:It’slikeatirewithaslowleak.Youdon’titatfirst,buteventuallyyou’llgetaflat.It’suptoyoutoplugtheleak--eventhoughtherearealwaysadozenreasonstostaystuckinyourdullroutinesoflife.That’swhereMaura,36,awaitress,foundherselfayearago.Fortunately,Maurahadalifeline--agroupofwomenfriendswhomeetregularlytodiscusstheirlives.TheirlivelydiscussionsspurredMauratomakesmallbutneverthelesslifealteringchanges.Shejoinedagyminthenexttown.ShechangedherlookwithashorthaircutandnewblackT-shirts.Eventually,Mauragatheredthecouragetoquitherjobandstartherownbusiness.Here’sachallenge:Ifit’ssomethingyouwouldn’tordinarilydo,doit.Tryadishyou’venevereaten.Listentomusicyou’dordinarilytuneout.You’lldiscoverthesesmallthingsaddtoyouremotionalenergy.2.Reclaimlife’smeaning.Somanyofmypatientstellmethattheirlivesusedtohavemeaning,butthatsomewherealongthelinethingswentstate.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

275Thefirststepinsolvingthismeaningshortageistofigureoutwhatyoureallycareabout,andthendosomethingaboutit.AcaseinpointisIvy,57,apioneerininvestmentbanking."ImistakenlybelievedthatallthemoneyImadewouldmeansomething."shesays."ButIfeellost,likea22-year-oldwonderingwhattodowithherlife."Ivy’ssolution?ShestartedaprogramthatshowsWallStreetershowtodonatetimeandmoneytopoorchildren.Intheprocess,Ivyfilledherlifewithmeaning.3.Putyourselfinthefunzone.Mostofusgrown-upsareseriouslyfun-deprived.High-energypeoplehavethesameday-to-dayworkastherestofus,buttheymanagetofindsomethingenjoyableineverysituation.ArealestatebrokerIknowkeepsherselfamusedonthejobbymentallyredecoratingthehousessheshowstoclients."Iloveimaginingwhateventhemostrun-downhousecouldlooklikewithyalittletenderlovingcare,"shesays."It’sachallenge--andtheleastdesirablepropertiesareusuallythemostfun."Wealldefinefundifferently,ofcourse,butIcanguaranteethis:Ifyouputjustabitofitintoyourday,youenergywillincreasequickly.4.Bidfarewelltoguiltandregret.Everyone’spastisfilledwithregretsthatstillcausepain.Butfromanemotionalenergypointofview,theyaredeadweightsthatkeepusfromusfrommovingforward.Whiletheycan’tmerelybewilledaway,Idorecommendyouremindyourselfthatwhateverhappenedisinthepast,andnothingcanchangethat.Holdingontothememoryonlyallowsthedamagetocontinueintothepresent.5.Makeupyourmind.Sayyou’vebeenthinkingaboutcuttingyourhairshort.Willitlookstylish–ortooextreme?Youendlesslythinkitover.Havingthedecisionhangingoveryourheadisahugeenergydrain.Everytimeyoucan’tdecide,youburdenyourselfwithalternatives.Quitthinkingthatyouhavetomaketherightdecision;instead,makeachoiceanddon’tlookback.6.Givetoget.Emotionalenergyhasakindofmagicalquality;themoreyougive,themoreyougetback..Thisisthedifferencebetweenemotionalandphysicalenergy.Withthelatter.Youhavetogetittobeabletogiveit.Withtheformer,however,yougetitbygivingit.Startbyaskingeveryoneyoumeet,“Howareyou?”asifyoureallywanttoknow,thenlistentothereply.Betheonewhohears.Mostofusalsoneedtosmilemoreoften.Ifyoudon’tsmileatthepersonyoulovefirstthinginthemorning,you’resuckingenergyoutofyourrelationship.Finally,helpanotherperson—andmakethehelpreal,concrete.Giveamassage(按摩)tosomeoneyoulove,orcookherdinner,Then,expandthecircletowork.Tryaskingyourselfwhatyou’ddoifyourgoalweretobehelpfulratherthanefficient.Afterall,ifit’struethatwhatgoesaroundcomesaround,whynotmakesurethatwhat’scirculatingaround学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

276youisthegoodstuff?注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1.TheenergycrisisinAmericadiscussedheremainlyreferstoashortageoffossilfuels.2.Peoplethesedaystendtolackphysicalenergy.3.LauraHillenbrandisanexamplecitedtoshowhowemotionalenergycancontributetoone’ssuccessinlife.4.Theauthorbelievesemotionalenergyisinheritedandgeneticallydetermined.5.Evensmallchangespeoplemakeintheirlivescanhelpincreasetheiremotionalenergy.6.Theyfilledherlifewithmeaningbylaunchingaprogramtohelppoorchildren.7.Thereal-estatebrokertheauthorknowsistalentedinhomeredecoration.8.Peopleholdingontosadmemoriesofthepastwillfinditdifficultto__________.9.Whenitcomestodecision-making.Oneshouldmakeaquickchoicewithout_________.10.Emotionalenergyisinawaydifferentfromphysicalenergyinthatthemoreyougive,_________.PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11.A.PlanhisbudgetcarefullyB.Givehermoreinformation.C.Asksomeoneelseforadvice.D.Buyagiftforhisgirlfriend.12.A.She’llhavesomechocolatecake.B.She’lltakealookatthemenu.C.She’llgowithoutdessert.D.She’llpreparethedinner.13.A.Themancanspeakaforeignlanguage.B.ThewomanhopestoimproveherEnglish.C.Thewomanknowsmanydifferentlanguages.D.Themanwishestovisitmanymorecountries.14.A.Gotothelibrary.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

277B.Meetthewoman.C.SeeProfessorSmith.D.Haveadrinkinthebar.15.A.Sheisn’tsurewhenProfessorBloomwillbebackB.Themanshouldn’tbelateforhisclass.C.Themancancomebacksometimelater.D.Shecanpassonthemessagefortheman.16.A.Hehasastrangepersonality.B.He’sgotemotionalproblems.C.Hisillnessisbeyondcure.D.Hisbehaviorishardtoexplain.17.A.Theticketsaremoreexpensivethanexpected.B.Theticketsaresoldinadvanceathalfprice.C.It’sdifficulttobuytheticketsonthespot.D.It’sbettertotheticketsbeforehand.18.A.Heturnedsuddenlyandranintoatree.B.Hewashitbyafallenboxfromatruck.C.Hedrovetoofastandcrashedintoatruck.D.Hewastryingtoovertakethetruckaheadofhim.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.What’sthewoman’smainpurposeofvisitingQuebec?A.TogoboatingontheSt.LawrenceRiverB.TogosightseeinginQuebecProvinceC.TocallonafriendinQuebecCityD.ToattendaweddinginMontreal20.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodobeforethetrip?A.StudythemapofQuebecProvinceB.FindmoreaboutQuebecProvinceC.BrushuponherFrenchD.Learnmoreaboutthelocalcustoms21.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheQuebecCity?A.It’smostbeautifulinsummerB.Ithasmanyhistoricalbuildings.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

278C.Itwasgreatlyexpandedinthe18thcentury.D.It’stheonlyFrench-speakingcityinCanada.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustbeared.22.WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutMissRowling’sfirstbook?　A.Itwasaboutalittleanimal.B.Ittookhersixyearstowrite.C.Itwasadaptedfromafairytale.D.Itwasaboutalittlegirlandherpet.23.WhydoesMissRowlingconsiderhersoverylucky?A.Sheknowshowtowritebest-sellingnovels.B.Shecanearnalotofmoneybywritingforadults.C.Sheisabletowinenoughsupportfrompublishers.D.Shecanmakealivingbydoingwhatshelikes.24.WhatdictatesMissRowling’swriting?A.Thecharacters.B.Herideas.C.Thereaders.D.Herlifeexperiences.25.AccordingtoMissRowlingwheredidshegettheideasfortheHarryPorterbooks?A.Shedoesn’treallyknowwheretheyoriginatedB.Shemainlydrewonstoriesofancientsaints.C.Theypoppedoutofherchildhooddreams.D.Theygrewoutofherlonghoursofthinking.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Whatwereteacherstoldtodointheexperiment?A.Monitorstudents’sleeppatterns.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

279B.Helpstudentsconcentrateinclass.C.Recordstudents’weeklyperformance.D.Askstudentstocompleteasleepreport.27.Accordingtotheexperiment,whatproblemcaninsufficientsleepcauseinstudents?A.Declininghealth.B.Lackofattention.C.Lossofmotivation.D.Improperbehavior.28.Whatmessagedidtheresearcherintendtoconveytoparents?A.Theyshouldmakesuretheirchildrenarealwayspunctualforschool.B.Theyshouldensuretheirchildrengrowupinahealthyenvironment.C.Theyshouldhelptheirchildrenaccomplishhigh-qualitywork.D.Theyshouldseetoitthattheirchildrenhaveadequatesleep.PassageTwoQuestions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.WhatwasthesignificantchangeinPatriciaPena’slife?A.Shestoppedbeingahomemaker.B.Shebecameafamouseducator.C.Shebecameapublicfigure.D.Shequitdrivingaltogether.30.WhathadledtoPena’spersonaltragedy?A.Amotorist’sspeeding.B.Herrunningastopsign.C.Herlackofdrivingexperience.D.Amotorist’sfailuretoconcentrate.31.HowdidPenafeelwhenshebeganherfirstspeech?A.Nervousandunsureofherself.B.Calmandconfidentofherself.C.Courageousandforceful.D.Distractedandreluctant.32.WhatcouldbeexpectedasaresultofPena’sefforts?A.Morestricttrainingofwomendrivers.B.Restrictionsoncellphoneusewhiledriving.学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

280C.Improvedtrafficconditionsincities.D.Newregulationstoensurechildren’ssafety.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.Accordingtothepassage,whyhaven’tscientistsfoundacureforthecommoncold?A.Theyhaven’tdevotedasmuchenergytomedicineastospacetravel.B.Threearetoomanykindsofcoldvirusesforthemtoidentify.C.Itisnoteconomicaltofindacureforeachforeachtypeofcold.D.Theybelievepeoplecanrecoverwithouttreatment.34.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthesymptomsofthecommoncold?A.Theyrevealtheseriousnessoftheproblem.B.Theyindicatehowfastthevirusspreads.C.Theytelluswhatkindofmedicinetotake.D.Theyshowourbodyisfightingthevirus.35.Whatdosomescientistssayabouttakingmedicinesforthecommoncold,accordingtothepassage?A.Itactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.B.ItcausesdamagetosomeorgansofourbodyC.Itworksbetterwhencombinedwithotherremedies.D.Ithelpsustorecovermuchsooner.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2作答。Youprobablyhavenoticedthatpeopleexpresssimilarideasindifferentwaysdependingonthesituationtheyarein.Thisisvery(36)__________.Alllanguageshavetwogenerallevelsof(37)__________:aformallevelandaninformallevel.Englishisno(38)__________.Thedifferenceinthesetwolevelsisthesituationinwhichyouusea(39)___________level.Formallanguageisthekindoflanguageyoufindintextbooks,(40)__________booksandinbusinessletters.YouwouldalsouseformalEnglishincompositionsand学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

281(41)__________thatyouwriteinschool.Informallanguageisusedinconversationwith(42)__________,familymembersandfriends,andwhenwewrite(43)__________notesorletterstoclosefriends.Formallanguageisdifferentfrominformallanguageinseveralways.First,formallanguagetendstobemorepolite.(44)______________________________________________________.Forexample,Imightsaytoafriendorafamilymember“Closethedoor,please”,(45)___________________________________________________Anotherdifferencebetweenformalandinformallanguageissomeofthevocabulary.(46)_____________________________________________________________________________________.Let’ssaythatIreallylikesoccer.IfIamtalkingtomyfriend,Imightsay“Iamjustcrazyaboutsoccer”,butifIweretalkingtomyboss,Iwouldprobablysay“Ireallyenjoysoccer”.PartIVReadingComprehension(readingindepth)(25minutes)SectionADirection:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinbankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.ThefloodofwomenintothejobmarketboostedeconomicgrowthandchangedU.S.societyinmanyways.Manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedone47bywomen----rangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoing48work——stillneedtobedonebysomeone.Husbandsandchildrennowdosomeofthesejobs,a49thathaschangedthetargetmarketformanyproducts.Oraworkingwomanmayfaceacrushing“povertyoftime“andlookforhelpelsewhere,creatingopportunitiesforproducersoffrozenmeals,childcarecenters,drycleaners,financialservices,andthelike.Althoughthereisstillabigwage50betweenmenandwomen,theincomeworkingwomen51givesthemnewindependenceandbuyingpower.Forexample,womennow52abouthalfofallcars.Notlongago,manycarsdealers53womenshoppersbyignoringthemorsuggestingthattheycomebackwiththeirhusbands.Nowcarcompanieshaverealizedthatwomenare54customers.It’sinterestingthatsomeleadingJapanesecardealerswerethefirstto55payattentiontowomencustomers.InJapan,fewerwomenhavejobsorbuycars—theJapanesesocietyisstillverymuchmale—oriented.Perhapsitwasthe56contrastwithJapanesesocietythatpromptedAmericanfirmstopaymoreattentiontowomenbuyers.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答A）scaleB）retailedC）generateD）extremeE）technicallyF）affordableG）situationH）really学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

282I）potentialJ）gapK）voluntaryL）excessiveM）insultedN）purchaseO）primarilySectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestion57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ReadingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWaterwhichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada.ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,Wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater.”Hesays.Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive.Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare-thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater.Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinesdon’tnoticeorcare.Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinnersiftheywantit.Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。57.WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage?学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

283A.Itisakindoficedwater.B.Itisjustplaintapwater.C.Itisakindofbottledwater.D.Itisakindofmineralwater.58.Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4,Para2),vonWiesenbergwantstoconveythemessagethat________.A.plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinkingB.bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwaterC.bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstasteD.dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste59.The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para5)refersto________.A.tapwaterfromtheThamesRiverB.famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystoresC.PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniD.expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames60.Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater?A.Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits.B.Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense.C.Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable.D.Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.61.Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular?A.Itismuchcheaperthanwine.B.Itisconsideredhealthier.C.Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople.D.Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.PassageTwoAswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease–especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有营养的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalblood学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

284counts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier.Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well”.Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexerciseandtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe"well,"inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations."Wellness"mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife.62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________.A.keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalconditionB.monitoringpatients’bodyfunctionsC.removingpeople’sbadlivinghabitsD.ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being63.Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________.A.goodhealthismorethannotbeingillB.drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmfulC.regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfitD.preventionismoredifficultthancure64.Traditionally,apersonisconsidered"well"ifhe________.A.doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabitsB.doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicapsC.isabletohandlehisdailyroutinesD.isfreefromanykindofdisease65.Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof"wellness"isforpeople________.A.tobestsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneedsB.tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealthC.tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealth学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

285D.tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure66.Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy?A.Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures.B.Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease.C.Peoplewhotrytobeaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations.D.Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.完形填空Languageisthemostastonishingbehaviorintheanimalkingdom.Itisthespecies-typicalbehaviorthatsetshumanscompletely67fromallotheranimals.Languageisameansofcommunication,68itismuchmorethanthat.Manyanimalscan69.Thedanceofthehoneybeecommunicatesthelocationofflowers70othermembersofthehive(蜂群).Buthumanlanguagepermitscommunicationaboutanything.71thingslikeunicorns(独角兽)thathaveneverexisted.Thekey72inthefactthattheunitsofmeaning,words,canbe73togetherindifferentways,accordingto74,tocommunicatedifferentmeanings.Languageisthemostimportantlearningwedo.Nothing75humanssomuchasourabilitytocommunicateabstractthoughts,76abouttheuniversitythemind,love,dreams,ororderingadrink,Itisanimmenselycomplex77thatwetakeforgranted.Indeed,wearenotawareofmost78ofourspeechandunderstanding.Considerwhathappenswhenonepersonisspeakingto79.TheSpeakerhastotranslatethoughtsinto80language.Brainimagingstudiessuggestthatthetimefromthoughtstothe81ofspeechisextremelyfast.Only0.04seconds!Thelistenermusthearthesoundsto82outwhatthespeakermeans.Hemustusethesoundsofspeechto83thewordsspoken,understandthepatternof84ofthewords(sentences),andfinally85themeaning.Thistakessomewhatlonger,aminimumofabout0.5seconds.But86started,itisofcourseacontinuousprocess.67.A.apartB.offC.upD.down68.A.soB.butC.orD.for69.A.transferB.transmitC.conveyD.communicate70.A.toB.fromC.overD.on71.A.onlyB.almostC.evenD.just72.A.staysB.situatesC.hidesD.lies73.A.stuckB.strungC.rungD.consisted74.A.rulesB.scalesC.lawsD.standards75.A.combinesB.containsC.definesD.declares学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

28676.A.whatB.whetherC.whileD.if77.A.prospectB.progressC.processD.produce78.A.aspectsB.abstractsC.anglesD.assumptions79.A.anybodyB.anotherC.otherD.everybody80.A.bodyB.gestureC.writtenD.spoken81.A.growingB.fixingC.beginningD.building82.A.putB.takeC.drawD.figure83.A.identifyB.locateC.revealD.discover84.A.performanceB.organizationC.designD.layout85.A.prescribeB.justifyC.utterD.interpret86.A.sinceB.afterC.onceD.untilPartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesonAnswerSheet2bytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.87.Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaysthatitisnoteasyto_______________(适应不同文化中的生活)88.SincemychildhoodIhavefondthat_____________________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)89.Thevictim_______________________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime90.Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople___________________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)91.Thenation’spopulationcontinuestorise__________________(以每年1200万人的速度)参考答案A卷：（官方答案将会在成绩公布后发表）PartIWriting(15%)参考范文：TheapproachoftheChineseLunarNewYearposesanationalissueconcerningthenecessityofholdingtheCCTVSpringFestivalGala.Itsestablishedstatusisbeingchallengedbyagrowingnumberofpeople,especiallybyyoungergenerations.Itisincreasinglydifficulttocaterforalltastes.Someindividualsdeemthatitshouldbecanceledorreplacedbyotherprograms.TheseyoungpeoplefocustheirattentiononotherformsofcelebrationinsteadofimmersingthemselvesinTV.Despitethat,themajorityofmid-agedpeopleandseniorcitizensupholdtheimportanceofthetraditionalperformance.Themoststrikingfeatureofthisgalaisitstraditionallycloselinkwithordinarypeople’slives.MostofpeopleviewthisgalaasanannualstapleonthetraditionalChineseSpringFestivalEve.Theyallhavearestlessnightandgluetheireyesonthetelevision.Iamnotsupportiveoftheviewthatthegrandgalashouldbeabandoned.Undoubtedly,itplaysavitalroleinthecelebrationofChineseNewYear.Toincreaseitsappealandmeetyoungadults’need,theupcoming学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

287performanceshouldinvitesomebignamesincludingsuperstarsfromHongKongandTaiwan.Wearealleagerlyanticipatingthisunforgettableeveningshow.PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(10%)学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

2881.N2.N3.Y4.N5.Y6.Y7.NG8.moveforward9.lookingback10.themoreyougetback学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

289PartIIIListeningComprehension(35%)SectionA11.BGivehermoreinformation12.CShe’llgowithoutdessert13.AThemancanspeakaforeignlanguage14.CSeeProf.Smith15.DShecanpassonthemessagefortheman16.BHe’sgotemotionalproblems17.DIt’sbettertobuytheticketsbeforehand18.AHeturnedsuddenlyandranintoatree19.DtoattendaweddinginMontreal20.CBrushuponherFrench21.BIthasmanyhistoricalbuildings22.AItwasaboutalittleanimal23.DShecanmakealivingbydoingwhatshelikes24.BHerideas25.AShedoesn’treallyknowwheretheyoriginatedSectionB26.CRecordstudents’weeklyperformance27.BLackofattention28.DTheyshouldseetoitthattheirchildrenhaveadequatesleep29.CShebecameapublicfigure30.DAmotorist’sfailuretoconcentrate31.ANervousandunsureofherself32.BRestrictionsoncellphoneusewhiledriving33.BTherearetoomanykindsofcoldvirusesforthemtoidentify34.DTheyshowourbodyisfightingthevirus35.AItactuallydoesmoreharmthangoodSectionC学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

29036.natural37.usage38.exception39.particular40.reference41.essays42.colleagues43.personal学生范文网(http://www.xsfanwen.com)为您提供英语四六级考试、计算机考试、研究生考试、公务员考试等真题资料以及入党思想汇报、实习报告、自我鉴定、个人简历、事迹材料、心得体会等常用写作范文。

29144.Whatwemayfindinterestingisthatitusuallytakesmorewordstobepolite45.buttoastranger,Iprobablywouldsay"wouldyoumindclosingthedoor?"46.Thereareboundtobesomewordsandphrasesthatbelonginformallanguageandothersthatareinformal.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25%)SectionA47.O)primarily48.K)voluntary49.G)situation50.J)gap51.C)generate52.N)purchase53.M)insulted54.I)potential55.H)really56.D)extremeSectionB57.C)Itisakindofbottledwater58.B)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwater59.D)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames60.A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits61.B)Itisconsideredhealthier62.C)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabits63.A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingill64.D)isfreefromanykindofdisease65.B)tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealth66.C)Peoplewhotrytobeashealthyaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations听力原文：SectionA:ConversationsShortConversations短对话11.M:Christmasisaroundthecorner.AndI’mlookingforagiftformygirlfriend.Anysuggestions?W:Wellyouhavetotellmesomethingaboutyourgirlfriendfirst.Also,what’syourbudget?Q:Whatdoesthewomanwantthemantodo?12.M:Whatwouldyoulikefordessert?IthinkI’llhaveapplepieandicecream.

292W:Thechocolatecakelooksgreat,butIhavetowatchmyweight.Yougoaheadandgetyours.Q:Whatwouldthewomanmostprobablydo?13.W:Havingvisitedsomanycountries,youmustbeabletospeakseveraldifferentlanguages.M:IwishIcould.ButJapaneseandofcourseEnglisharetheonlylanguagesIcanspeak.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?14.M:ProfessorSmithaskedmetogotohisofficeafterclass.Soit’simpossibleformetomakeittothebaratten.W:Thenitseemsthatwe’llhavetomeetanhourlateratthelibrary.Q:Whatwillthemandofirstafterclass?15.M:It’salready11now.DoyoumeanIoughttowaituntilMr.Bloomcomesbackfromtheclass?W:Notreally.Youcanjustleaveanote.I’llgiveittoherlater.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?16.M:HowisJohnnow?Ishefeelinganybetter?W:Notyet.Itstillseemsimpossibletomakehimsmile.Talkingtohimisreallydifficultandhegetsupseteasilyoverlittlethings.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutJohnfromtheconversation?17.M:Dowehavetogettheoperaticketsinadvance?W:Certainly.Ticketsatthedoorareusuallysoldatahigherprice.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?18.M:Thetaxidrivermusthavebeenspeeding.W:Well,notreally.Hecrashedintothetreebecausehewastryingnottohitaboxthathadfallenoffthetruckaheadofhim.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthetaxidriver?LongConversations:长对话Conversation1　　W:Hey,Bob,guesswhat?I’mgoingtovisitQuebecnextsummer.I’minvitedtogotoafriend’swedding.　　ButwhileI’mthereI’dalsoliketodosomesightseeing.　　M:That’snice,Shelly.ButdoyoumeantheprovinceofQuebec,orQuebecCity?　　W:Imeantheprovince.Myfriend’sweddingisinMontreal.I’mgoingtherefirst.I’llstayforfivedays.IsMontrealthecapitalcityoftheprovince?　　M:Well,Manypeoplethinksobecauseit’sthebiggestcity.Butit’snotthecapital.QuebecCityis.ButMontrealisgreat.TheSaintRoyalRiverrunsrightthroughthemiddleofthecity.It’sbeautifulinsummer.

293　　W:Wow,anddoyouthinkIcangetbyinEnglish?MyFrenchisOK,butnotthatgood.IknowmostpeopletherespeakFrench,butcanIalsouseEnglish?　　M:Well,PeoplespeakbothFrenchandEnglishthere.Butyou’llhearFrenchmostofthetime.AndallthestreetsignsareinFrench.Infact,MontrealisthethirdlargestFrenchspeakingcityintheworld.Soyou’dbetterpracticeyourFrenchbeforeyougo.　　W:Goodadvice.WhataboutQuebecCity?I’llvisitafriendfromcollegewholivestherenow.What’sitlike?　　M:It’sabeautifulcity,veryold.Manyoldbuildingshavebeennicelyrestored.Someofthemwerebuiltinthe17thor18thcenturies.You’lllovethere.　　W:Fantastic.Ican’twaittogo.　　Questions:　　19.What’sthewoman’smainpurposeofvisitingQuebec?　　20.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodobeforethetrip?　　21.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheQuebecCity?Conversation2　　M:Hi,MissRowling,howoldwereyouwhenyoustartedtowrite?Andwhatwasyourfirstbook?　　W:IwrotemyfirstFinnish(finished)storywhenIwasaboutsix.Itwasaboutasmallanimal,arabbit,Imean.AndI’vebeenwritingeversince?　　M:Whydidyouchoosetobeanauthor?　　W:Ifsomeoneaskedmehowtoachievehappiness.StepOnewouldbefindingoutwhatyoulovedoingmost.Steptwowouldbefindingsomeonetopayyoutodothis.Iconsidermyselfveryluckyindeedtobeabletosupportmyselfbywriting　　M:Doyouhaveanyplanstowritebooksforadults?　　W:Myfirsttwonovelswereforadults.IsupposeImightwriteanotherone.ButIneverreallyimagineatargetaudiencewhenI’mwriting.Theideascomefirst.Soitreallydependsontheideasthatgraspmenext.　　M:wheredidtheideasforthe“HarryPotter”bookscomefrom?　　I’venoideaswheretheideascamefrom.AndIhopeI’llneverfindout.ItwouldspoilmyexcitementifitturnedoutIjusthaveafunnywrinkleonthesurfaceofmybrain,whichmakesmethinkabouttheinvisibletrainplatform.　　M:Howdidyoucomeupwiththenamesofyourcharacters?　　Iinventedsomeofthem.ButIalsocollectedstrangenames.I’vegotonefromancientsaints,maps,dictionaries,plants,warmemoirsandpeopleImet.　　M:Oh,youarereallyresourceful.

294　　Questions:　　22.WhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutMissRowling’sfirstbook?　　23.WhydoesMissRowlingconsiderhersoverylucky?　　24.WhatdictatesMissRowling’swriting?　　25.AccordingtoMissRowlingwheredidshegettheideasfortheHarryPorterbooks?SectionB:PassagesPassage1　　Reducingtheamountofsleepstudentsgetatnighthasadirectimpactontheirperformanceatschoolduringtheday.Accordingtoclassroomteachers,elementaryandmiddleschoolstudentswhostayuplateexhibitmorelearningandattentionproblems.ThishasbeenshownbyBrownMedicalSchoolandBradleyHospitalresearch.Inthestudy,teacherswerenottoldtheamountofsleepstudentsreceivedwhencompletingweeklyperformancereports,yettheyratedthestudentswhohadreceivedeighthoursorlessashavingthemosttroublerecallingallthematerial，learningnewlessonsandcompletinghigh-qualitywork.Teachersalsoreportedthatthesestudentshadmoredifficultypayingattention.Theexperimentisthefirsttoaskteacherstoreportontheeffectsofsleepdeficiencyinchildren.Juststayinguplatecancauseincreasedacademicdifficultyandattentionproblemsforotherwisehealthy,well-functioningkids,saidGarharnForlone,thestudy’sleadauthor.Sotheresultsprovideprofessionalsandparentswithaclearmessage:whenachildishavinglearningandattentionproblems,theissueofsleephastobetakenintoconsideration.“Ifwedon’taskaboutsleep,andtrytoimprovesleeppatternsinkids’strugglingacademically,thenwearen’tdoingourjob”,Forlonesaid.Forparents,hesaid,themessageissimple,“gettingkidstobedontimeisasimportantasgettingthemtoschoolontime”.　　Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　Question26:Whatwereteacherstoldtodointheexperiment?　　Question27:Accordingtotheexperiment,whatproblemcaninsufficientsleepcauseinstudents?　　Question28:Whatmessagedidtheresearcherintendtoconveytoparents?Passage2　　PatriciaPenaneverwantedtobeapublicfigure.Allshewantedtobewasamotherandhome-maker.Butherlifewasturnedupsidedownwhenamotorist,distractedbyhiscellphone,ranastopsignandcrashedintothesideofhercar.Theimpactkilledher2-year-olddaughter.Fourmonthslater,Penareluctantlybutcourageouslydecidedtotrytoeducatethepublicandtofightforlawstobandriversfromusingcellphoneswhileacarismoving.Shewantedtosaveotherchildrenfromwhathappenedtoherdaughter.Inherfirstspeech,Penagotofftoashakystart.Shewasvisiblytremblingandhervoicewassoftanduncertain.Butasshegotintoherspeech,adramatictransformationtookplace.Shestoppedshakingandspokewithastrongvoice.

295Fortherestofhertalk,shewasaforcefulandcompellingspeaker.Shewantedeveryoneintheaudiencetoknowwhatsheknewwithouthavingtolearnitfromapersonaltragedy.Manyintheaudienceweremovedtotearsandtoaction.Insubsequentpresentations,Penagainedreputationasahighlyeffectivespeaker.Herappearanceonatalkshowwasbroadcastthreetimes,transmittinghermessagetoover40millionpeople.Hercampaignincreasedpublicawarenessoftheproblem,andpromptedover300citiesandseveralstatestoconsiderrestrictionsoncellphoneuse.　　Questions29to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　Question29:WhatwasthesignificantchangeinPatriciaPena’slife?　　Question30:WhathadledtoPena’spersonaltragedy?　　Question31:HowdidPenafeelwhenshebeganherfirstspeech?　　Question32:WhatcouldbeexpectedasaresultofPena’sefforts?Passage3　　Manypeoplecatchacoldinthespringtimeorfall.Itmakesuswonderifscientistscansendamantothemoon,whycan’ttheyfindacureforthecommoncold.Theansweriseasy.There’reactuallyhundredsofkindsofcoldvirusesoutthere.Youneverknowwhichoneyouwillget,sothereisn’tacureforeachone.Whenavirusattacksyourbody,yourbodyworkshardtogetridofit.Bloodrushestoyournoseandcausesablockadeinit.Youfeelterriblebecauseyoucan’tbreathewell,butyourbodyisactuallyeatingthevirus.Yourtemperaturerisesandyougetafever,buttheheatofyourbodyiskillingthevirus.Youalsohavearunningnosetostopthevirusfromgettingintoyourcells.Youmayfeelmiserable,butactuallyyourwonderfulbodyisdoingeverythingitcantokillthecold.Differentpeoplehavedifferentremediesforcolds.IntheUnitedStatesandsomeothercountries,forexample,peoplemighteatchickensouptofeelbetter.Somepeopletakehotbathanddrinkwarmliquids.Otherpeopletakemedicinestorelievevarioussymptomsofcolds.Therewasoneinterestingthingtonote.Somescientistssaytakingmedicineswhenyouhaveacoldisactuallybadforyou.Thevirusstaysinyoulonger,becauseyourbodydoesn’tdevelopawaytofightitandkillit.　　Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.　　Question33:Accordingtothepassage,whyhaven’tscientistsfoundacureforthecommoncold?　　Question34:Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthesymptomsofthecommoncold?Question35:Whatdosomescientistssayabouttakingmedicinesforthecommoncold,accordingtothepassage?2006年6月四级试题PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionA

296Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)Theyenjoyedthepartybetterthantheotherguests.B)Theyknewnoneoftheotherguestsattheparty.C)Theydidn’tthinkmuchofthefoodanddrinks.D)Theywentalongwaytoattendtheparty.2.A)Tothedentist’s.B)Tothemarket.C)Tothepostoffice.D)Tothebookstore.3.A)ShedislikesDr.Andrewsasmuchasthenewphysician.B)Dr.Andrewshasbeenpromotedforhisthoroughness.C)ShedisagreeswithDr.Andrewsonmanyoccasions.D)Dr.Andrewsusedtokeephispatientswaiting.4.A)Tomisusuallytalkative.B)Tomhasaverybadtemper.C)Tomisdislikedbyhiscolleagues.D)Tomhasdozensofthingstoattendto.5.A)Tofindoutmoreaboutthetopicfortheseminar.B)Tomakeacopyofthescheduleforhisfriend.C)Togettheseminarscheduleforthewoman.D)Topickupthewomanfromthelibrary.6.A)Themandoesn’twanttosellhistextbookstothewoman.B)Thewomanhastogetthetextbooksinotherways.C)Thewomanhassoldherusedtextbookstothebookstore.D)Themanisgoingtobuyhistextbooksfromabookstore.7.A)Giveaspeech.B)Meethislawyer.C)Attendaconference.D)Makeabusinesstrip.

2978.A)Jessieshouldknowthemarketingdirectorbetter.B)Jessieiswrongtofindfaultwithherboss.C)Jessieseemstohavealotonhermind.D)Jessiealwayssayswhatshethinks.9.A)Helenisquiet.B)Helenistalkative.C)Helenissociable.D)Helenisactive.10.A)Jimmyisnotseriousinmakingdecisions.B)Jimmyisrichenoughtobuyabighouse.C)Jimmy’swordsareoftennotreliable.D)JimmywillregretmarryingaFrenchwoman.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)IthasdonemoreharmthangoodinthesouthernUSA.B)ItwasbroughttothenorthernUSAbyAsianfarmers.C)ItwasintroducedintotheUSAtokillharmfulweeds.D)Itcanbeusedbyfarmerstoprotectlargebuildings.12.A)Theywillbecometoohardtoplough.B)Theywillsoonbeovergrownwithkudzu.C)Peoplewillhavetorelyonkudzuforaliving.D)Peoplewillfindithardtoprotectthesoil.13.A)Thesoilthereisnotsosuitablefortheplant.B)Thefactoriestherehavefoundagooduseforit.C)Thefarmerstherehavebroughtitundercontrol.D)Theclimatethereisunfavorabletoitsgrowth.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29814.A)TheuniverseasawholeB)Asocietyoflegalprofessionals.C)Anassociationofteachersandscholars.D)Abusinesscorporation.15.A)Provincialcollegesweretakenoverbylargeruniversities.B)Itslargestexpansiontookplaceduringthatperiod.C)Smalluniversitiescombinedtoformbiggerones.D)Itsroleinsocietywentthroughadramaticchange.16.A)Privatedonations.B)Feespaidbystudents.C)Governmentfunding.D)Grantsfromcorporations.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Hewasinterestedinthestudyofwildanimals.B)HestartedtheorganizationHeiferInternational.C)HewaswoundedintheSpanishcivilwar.D)Hesoldhiscowstomanycountriesintheworld.18.A)Tomakeplansforthedevelopmentofpoorcommunities.B)Toteachpeoplehowtousenewskillstoraiseanimals.C)Tohelpstarvingfamiliestobecomeself-supporting.D)Todistributefoodtothepooraroundtheworld.19.A)Theyshouldsubmitareportoftheirneedsandgoals.B)Theyshouldprovidefoodforthelocalcommunities.C)Theyshouldofferallbabyanimalstotheirpoorneighbors.D)Theyshouldhelpotherfamiliesthewaytheyhavebeenhelped.20.A)Ithashelpedrelievehungerinsomedevelopingcountries.B)Ithasimprovedanimalbreedingskillsallovertheworld.C)IthasbridgedthegapbetweentherichandthepoorinAmerica.D)Ithaspromotedinternationalexchangeoffarmingtechnology.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebest

299choiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励),providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-theprophecy(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)ofneglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.21.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis_________.A)rewardingB)troublesomeC)expensiveD)labor-saving22.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling…”(Lines4-5,Para.2),theauthormeansthat__________.A)girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreachB)girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathomeC)girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreamsD)girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys23.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen________A)womencaremoreabouteducation

300B)parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’educationC)girlscangainequalaccesstoeducationD)afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren24.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?A)Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.B)Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments.C)Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.D)Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.25.Thepassagemainlydiscusses__________.A)unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountriesB)themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosocietyC)theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomenD)thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomenPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Psychiatrists(精神病专家)whoworkwitholderparentssaythatmaturitycanbeanassetinchildrearing----olderparentsaremorethoughtful,uselessphysicaldisciplineandspendmoretimewiththeirchildren.Butraisingkidstakesmoneyandenergy.Manyolderparentsfindthemselvesbalancingtheirlimitedfinancialresources,decliningenergyandfailinghealthagainstthegrowingdemandsofanactivechild.Dyingandleavingyoungchildrenisprobablytheolderparents’biggest,andoftenunspoken,fear.Havinglate-lifechildren,saysaneconomicsprofessor,oftenmeansparents,particularlyfathers,“endupretiringmuchlater.”Formany,retirementbecomesanunobtainabledream.HenryMetcalf,a54-year-oldjournalist,knowsittakesmoneytoraisekids.Buthe’salsoworriedthathisenergywillgiveoutfirst.Sure,hecanstillridebikeswithhisathleticfifthgrader,buthe’slearnedthatyoungatheartdoesn’tmeanyoung.Latelyhe’sbeentakingafternoonnaps(午睡)tokeepuphisenergy.“Mybodyisaging,”saysMetcalf,“Youcan’tgetawayfromthat.”Often,olderparentshearthetickingofanotherkindofbiologicalclock.Therapistswhoworkwithmiddle-agedandolderparentssayfearsaboutagingarenothingtolaughat.“Theyworrythey’llbemistakenforgrandparents,orthatthey’llneedhelpgettingupoutofthoselittlechairsinnurseryschool,”saysJoannGalst,aNewYorkpsychologist.Butatthecoreofthoselittlefearsthereisoftenamuchbiggerone:“thattheywon’tbealivelongenoughtosupportandprotecttheirchild,”shesays.Manylate-lifeparents,though,saytheirchildrencameatjusttherighttime.Aftermarryinglateandundergoingyearsoffertility(受孕)treatment,MarilynNolenandherhusband,Randy,hadtwins.“Weboth

301wantedchildren,”saysMarilyn,whowas55whenshegavebirth.Thetwinshavegiventhecouplewhattheydesiredforyears,“asenseoffamily.”Kidsofolderdadsareoftensmarter,happierandmoresociablebecausetheirfathersaremoreinvolvedintheirlives.“Thedadsareolder,moremature,”saysDr.Silber,“andmorereadytofocusonparenting.”26.Whydopsychiatristsregardmaturityasanassetinchildrearing?A)Olderparentscanbetterbalancetheirresourcesagainstchildren’sdemands.B)Olderparentsareusuallymoreexperiencedinbringinguptheirchildren.C)Olderparentsareoftenbetterpreparedfinancially.D)Olderparentscantakebettercareoftheirchildren.27.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Formany,retirementbecomesanunobtainabledream”(Lines7-8,Para.1)?A)Theyhavetogoonworkingbeyondtheirretirementage.B)Theycan’tgetfullpensionunlesstheyworksomeextrayears.C)Theycan’tobtaintheretirementbenefitstheyhavedreamedof.D)Theyarereluctanttoretirewhentheyreachtheirretirementage.28.TheauthorgivestheexampleofHenryMetcalftoshowthat_________.A)manypeopleareyounginspiritdespitetheiradvancedageB)takingafternoonnapsisagoodwaytomaintainenergyC)olderparentstendtobeconcernedabouttheiragingbodiesD)olderparentsshouldexercisemoretokeepupwiththeirathleticchildren.29.What’sthebiggestfearofolderparentsaccordingtoNewYorkpsychologistJoannGalst?A)Beinglaughedatbyotherpeople.B)Slowingdownoftheirpaceoflife.C)Beingmistakenforgrandparents.D)Approachingofdeath.30.WhatdowelearnaboutMarilynandRandyNolen?A)Theythoughttheywereanexampleofsuccessfulfertilitytreatment.B)Notuntiltheyhadthetwinsdidtheyfeeltheyhadformedafamily.C)Theybelievedthatchildrenbornofolderparentswouldbesmarter.D)Notuntiltheyreachedmiddleagedidtheythinkofhavingchildren.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Interestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedbychronic(长久的)

302personnelshortagesthatarecausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent.Professionalsseekcareerexperienceoutsideoftheirhomecountriesforavarietyofreasons.Theymayfeeltheneedtorechargetheirbatterieswithanewchallenge.Theymaywantapositionwithmoreresponsibilitythatencouragescreativityandinitiative.Ortheymaywishtoexposetheirchildrentoanotherculture,andtheopportunitytolearnasecondlanguage.Whenapplyingforajob,oneusuallyhastosubmitaresumeorcurriculumvitae(CV).Thetwotermsgenerallymeanthesamething:aone-ortwo-pagedocumentdescribingone’seducationalqualificationsandprofessionalexperience.However,guidelinesforpreparingaresumeareconstantlychanging.Thebestadviceistofindoutwhatisappropriateregardingthecorporate(公司的)culture,thecountryculture,andthecultureofthepersonmakingthehiringdecision.Thechallengewillbetoembracetwoormoreculturesinonedocument.Thefollowinglistisagoodplacetostart.lEducationalrequirementsdifferfromcountrytocountry.Inalmosteverycaseof“cross-border”jobhunting,juststatingthetitleofyourdegreewillnotbeanadequatedescription.Providethereaderwithdetailsaboutyourstudiesandanyrelatedexperience.lPayattentiontotheresumeformatyouuse---chronologicalorreverse-chronologicalorder.Chronologicalordermeanslistingyour“oldest”workexperiencefirst.Reverse-chronologicalordermeanslistingyourcurrentormostrecentexperiencefirst.Mostcountrieshavepreferencesaboutwhichformatismostacceptable.Ifyoufindnospecificguidelines,thegeneralpreferenceisforthereverse-chronologicalformat.lIfyouaresubmittingyourresumeinEnglish,findoutiftherecipient(收件人)usesBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglishbecausetherearevariationsbetweenthetwoversions.Forexample,universityeducationisoftenreferredtoas“tertiaryeducation”intheUnitedKingdom,butthistermisalmostneverusedintheUnitedStates.Areaderwhoisunfamiliarwiththesevariationsmayassumethatyourresumecontainserrors.31.Companiesarehiringmoreforeignemployeesbecause___________.A)theyhavedifficultyfindingqualifiedpersonnelathome.B)theyfindforeignemployeesareusuallymoretalentedC)theneedoriginalideasfromemployeeshiredoverseasD)theywanttoexpandtheirbusinessbeyondhomeborders32.Theauthorbelievesthatanindividualwhoappliestoworkoverseas___________.A)isusuallycreativeandfullofinitiativeB)aimstoimprovehisforeignlanguageskillsC)seekseitherhisownorhischildren’sdevelopment

303D)isdissatisfiedwithhisownlifeathome33.Whenitcomestoresumewriting,itisbestto__________A)knowtheemployer’spersonallikesanddislikesB)followappropriateguidelinesforjobhuntingC)learnaboutthecompany’shiringprocessD)takeculturalfactorsintoconsideration34.Whenwritingaboutqualifications,applicantsareadvisedto________.A)provideadetaileddescriptionoftheirstudyandworkexperiencesB)givethetitleoftheuniversitydegreetheyhaveearnedathomeC)highlighttheirkeeninterestinpursuinga“cross-border”careerD)stresstheiracademicpotentialtoimpressthedecisionmaker35.Accordingtotheauthor’slastpieceofadvice,theapplicantsshouldbeawareof________A)therecipient’spreferencewithregardtotheformatB)thedifferenteducationalsystemsintheUSandtheUKC)thedifferencesbetweenthevarietiesofEnglishD)thedistinctivefeaturesofAmericanandBritishculturesPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Speedingoffinastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisinforanunwelcomesurprise.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobiliser(锁止器),andaradiosignalfromacontrolcentremilesawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.Theideagoeslikethis.Acontrolboxfittedtothecarcontainsamini-cellphone,amicroprocessorandmemory,andaGPS(全球定位系统)satellitepositioningreceiver.Ifthecarisstolen,acodedcellphonesignalwilltellthecontrolcentretoblockthevehicle’senginemanagementsystemandpreventtheenginebeingrestarted.IntheUKasetoftechnicalfixesisalreadymakinglifeharderforcarthieves.“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged,”saysMartynRandall,asecurityexpert.Hesaysitwouldonlytakehimafewminutestoteachapersonhowtostealacar,usingabareminimumoftools.Butonlyifthecarismorethan10yearsold.Moderncarsarefartoughertosteal,astheirenginemanagementcomputerwon’tallowthemtostartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignition(点火)key.IntheUK,technologieslikethishavehelpedachievea31%dropinvehicle-relatedcrimesince1997.Butdeterminedcriminalsarestillmanagingtofindotherwaystostealcars,oftenbygettingholdoftheowner’skeys.Andkeytheftisresponsiblefor40%ofthetheftsofvehiclesfittedwithatrackingsystem.

304Ifthecartravels100metreswithoutthedriverconfirmingtheirID,thesystemwillsendasignaltoanoperationscentrethatithasbeenstolen.ThehundredmetresminimumavoidsfalsealarmsduetoinaccuraciesintheGPSsignal.Staffatthecentrewillthencontacttheownertoconfirmthatthecarreallyismissing,andkeeppoliceinformedofthevehicle’smovementsviathecar’sGPSunit.36.What’sthefunctionoftheremoteimmobiliserfittedtoacar?A)Toallowthecartolockautomaticallywhenstolen.B)Topreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitstops.C)Tohelpthepolicemakeasurpriseattackonthecarthief.D)Topreventcartheftbysendingaradiosignaltothecarowner.37.Bysaying“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged”(Lines1-2,Para.3),MartynRandallsuggeststhat_________.A)self-preparedtoolsarenolongerenoughforcartheftB)thethiefhastomakeuseofcomputertechnologyC)ittakesalongertimeforthecarthieftodothestealingD)thethiefhaslostinterestinstealingcarsover10yearsold38.Whatisessentialinmakingamoderncartoughertosteal?A)AGPSsatellitepositioningreceiverB)AuniqueIDcardC)AspecialcellphonesignalD)Acodedignitionkey39.Whydoesthetrackingsystemseta100-metreminimumbeforesendinganalarmtotheoperationscentre?A)TogivethedrivertimetocontacttheoperationscentreB)ToallowforpossibleerrorsintheGPSsystemC)Tokeeppoliceinformedofthecar’smovementsD)Toleavetimefortheoperationscentretogiveanalarm40.Whatwilltheoperationscentredofirstafterreceivinganalarm?A)Startthetrackingsystem.B)Locatethemissingcar.C)Contactthecarowner.D)Blockthecarengine.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),

305B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto_________togetherinresearchactivities.A)involveB)participateC)specializeD)consist42.Americancollegestudentsareincreasingly__________withcreditcarddebtandtheconsequencescanberatherserious.A)dischargedB)dominatedC)boostedD)burdened43.Somepeoplearguethatthedeath___________doesnotnecessarilyreducethenumberofmurders.A)penaltyB)plotC)patternD)practice44.Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarelesslikelyto__________thehabitofsmoking.A)turnupB)pickupC)makeupD)drawup45.Themostsuccessfulpost-careerathletesarethosewhocantaketheidentityandlifeskillstheylearnedinsportsand___________themtoanotherareaoflife.A)applyB)utilizeC)employD)exert46.Manypersonnelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandharderto________honestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberofdishonestones.A)dissolveB)disguiseC)discountD)distinguish47.Almostalljobapplicantsaredeterminedtoleaveagood_______onapotentialemployer.A)illusionB)impressionC)reflectionD)reputation48.Beingoutofwork,Janecannolonger______friendstodinnersandmoviesassheusedto.A)treatB)appealC)urgeD)compel49.Althoughtheylosttheirjobs,savingsandunemploymentbenefitsallowthecoupleto_______theircomfortablehome.A)lookforwardtoB)catchupwithC)holdontoD)comeinfor50.Thefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshoppinghabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand__________.A)possessionsB)possibilitiesC)privilegesD)preferences51.Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,workerswhoare50to60yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe__________.A)laidasideB)laidupC)laidoutD)laidoff52.People’sexpectationsaboutthefuturemayhavemoreinfluenceontheirsenseofwell-beingthantheir

306__________statedoes.A)primitiveB)modernC)currentD)initial53.__________bythesuperstarsontelevision,theyoungathletestrainedhardandplayedintensely.A)ImitatedB)InsuredC)ImposedD)Inspired54.Thephysicaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomencanbe________directlytoourbasicrolesashuntersandchild-bearers.A)switchedB)tracedC)pursuedD)followed55.Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeing________byamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.A)heldoutB)heldonC)heldforthD)heldback56.Thetechnologicaladvancesmadeitpossibleforthemiddleclassestoenjoywhathadoncebeen_________onlytotheveryrich.A)manageableB)acceptableC)affordableD)measurable57.Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno________togotothepartywithus.A)moodB)emotionC)senseD)taste58.Itisclearthatthedoghasamuchgreater_________ofitsbraindevotedtosmellthanisthecasewithhumans.A)compositionB)proportionC)compoundD)percent59.Thereisalreadyclear_________toshowthatplantsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimatechange.A)witnessB)evidenceC)identityD)certification60.Numerousstudiesalreadylinkthefirstmealofthedaytobetterclassroom_________.A)functionB)behaviorC)performanceD)display61.IntheUS.88percentofsmokershadstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatitis__________tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatage.A)illegalB)irrationalC)liberalD)liable62.Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto__________theproblem.A)relateB)fileC)attachD)tackle63.Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas_________,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallydeclined.A)liftedB)flownC)heightenedD)soared64.It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually_________fromtheBible.A)acquireB)deriveC)resultD)obtain65.Accordingtothekeywitnesses,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminal’smostmemorablefacial__________.

307A)featureB)signatureC)hintD)spot66.Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe_______ofyourmind.A)caseB)circumstanceC)stateD)situation67.Brazil’sconstitution________themilitaryuseofnuclearenergy.A)withdrawsB)interruptsC)objectsD)forbids68.Tom,diditever________toyouthatyouwouldbepunishedforcheatingonexam?.A)strikeB)happenC)occurD)reflect69.Lungcancer,likesomeothercancers,oftendoesn’tproduce_________untilitistoolateandhasspreadbeyondthechesttothebrain,liverorbones.A)symbolsB)symptomsC)trailsD)therapies70.Researchshowsthatthereisno__________relationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.A)successiveB)sincereC)significantD)subsequentPartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thepartoftheenvironmentalmovementthatdrawsmyfirm’sattentionisthedesignofcities,buildingsandproducts.WhenwedesignedAmerica’sfirstso-called“green”officebuildinginNewYorktwodecades71,wefeltveryalone.Buttoday,thousandsofpeoplecometogreenbuildingconferences,andthe72thatbuildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironmentwillbeincreasinglyinfluentialinyearsto73.Backin1984wediscoveredthatmostmanufacturedproductsfordecorationweren’tdesignedfor74use.The“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafterthe1970senergycrisis75indoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.Sofor20years,we’vebeenfocusingonthesematerials76tothemolecules,lookingforwaystomakethem77forpeopleandtheplanet.Homebuilderscannowusematerials----suchaspaintsthatreleasesignificantly78amountsoforganiccompounds----thatdon’t79thequalityoftheair,water,orsoil.Ultimately,80,ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotsimplyonbeing“lessbad”butoncreating81healthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoil82reusedbyindustryagainandagain.Asamatterof83,theworld’slargestcarpetmanufacturerhasalready84acarpetthatisfullyandsafelyrecyclable(可循环利用的).

308Lookatitthisway:Noone85outtocreateabuildingthatdestroystheplanet.Butourcurrentindustrialsystemsare86causingtheseconditions,whetherwelikeitornot.So87ofsimplytryingtoreducethedamage,weare88apositiveapproach.We’regivingpeoplehigh-quality,healthfulproductsandanopportunitytomakechoicesthathavea89effectontheworld.It’snotjustthebuildingindustry,either,90citiesaretakingtheseenvironmentallypositiveapproachestodesign,planningandbuilding.Portland,SeattleandBostonhavesaidtheywanttobegreencities.Chicagowantstobethegreenestcityintheworld.71.A)offB)awayC)beforeD)ago72.A)practiceB)ideaC)outlookD)scheme73.A)goB)continueC)comeD)arrive74.A)relevantB)indoorC)flexibleD)inward75.A)revealedB)displayedC)exhibitedD)discovered76.A)backB)nearC)downD)next77.A)cautiousB)comfortableC)stableD)safe78.A)reducedB)revisedC)delayedD)descended79.A)destroyB)denyC)dissolveD)depress80.A)anywayB)besidesC)anyhowD)however81.A)exactlyB)completelyC)partiallyD)superficially82.A)andB)norC)orD)but83.A)principleB)courseC)interestD)fact84.A)developedB)sketchedC)researchedD)constructed85.A)looksB)pullsC)startsD)makes86.A)originallyB)traditionallyC)basicallyD)inevitably87.A)insteadB)becauseC)outD)regardless88.A)adjustingB)adoptingC)adaptingD)admitting89.A)functionalB)sensibleC)beneficialD)precious90.A)FullB)EntireC)TotalD)CompletePartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledAnannouncementforavoluntaryprogram.YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.校学生会组织依次暑假志愿活动现招聘志愿者2.本次志愿都活动的目的内容及安排3.报名条件和联系方式

309Anannouncementforavoluntaryprogram2006年6月四级试题详解21.A　　22.A　　23.C　　24.B　　25.C　　26.D　　27.A　　28.C29.D　　30.B　　31.A　　32.C　　33.D　　34.A　　35.C　　36.B37.A　　38.B　　39.B　　40.C　　41.A　　42.D　　43.A　　44.B45.A　　46.D　　47.B　　48.A　　49.C　　50.D　　51.D　　52.C53.D　　54.B　　55.D　　56.C　　57.A　　58.B　　59.B　　60.C61.A　　62.D　　63.D　　64.B　　65.A　　66.C　　67.D　　68.C69.B　　70.C　71.D　　72.B　　73.C　　74.B　　75.A　　76.C77.D　　78.A　　79.A　　80.D　　81.B　　82.C　　83.D　　84.A85.C　　86.D　　87.A　　88.B　　89.C　　90.B【听力原文】SectionA1.M:Ithinkthehostessreallywentoutofherwaytomakethepartyasuccess.　W:Yes,thefoodanddrinksweregreat,butifonlywehadknownafewoftheotherguests.　Q:Whatdidthetwospeakerssayabouttheparty?2.M:Canyoustopbythepostofficeandgetmesomeenvelopesand39cents’stamps?　W:Well,Iamnotgoingtostopbythepostoffice,butIcanbuyyousomeatthebookstoreafterIseethedentistonMarketstreet.　Q:Wherewillthewomangofirst?3.M:HowdoyoulikethenewphysicianwhoreplacedDr.Andrews?　W:HemaynotseemasagreeableorasthoroughasDr.Andrews,butatleasthedoesn’tkeeppatientswaitingforhours.　Q:Whatcanweinferfromthewoman’sanswer?4.W:Tommustbeinabadmoodtoday.Hehasn’tsaidhalfadozenwordsallafternoon.　M:Oh,really?That’snotliketheTomweknow.　Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?5.W:Doyouhavetheseminarschedulewithyou?I’dliketofindoutthetopicforFriday.　M:Igaveittomyfriend,butthereshouldbecopiesavailableinthelibrary.Icanpickoneupforyou.　Q:Whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?6W:IwonderifyoucouldsellmethePsychologytextbooks.Youtookthecourselastsemester,didn’tyou?　M:Asamatteroffact,Ialreadysoldthembacktotheschoolbookstore.

310　Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?7.W:Hereisthisweek’sschedule,Tony.OnMonday,thereistheboardmeeting.Yourspeechtothelion’sclubisonTuesdayafternoon.ThenonWednesdayyouhaveanappointmentwithyourlawyerand…　M:Wait,youmeanthebusinessconferenceonTuesdayiscancelled?　　Q:WhatwillthemandothisTuesday?8.M:Canyoubelieveit?Jessietoldherbosshewaswrongtohavefiredhismarketingdirector　W:Yeah,butyouknowJessie.Ifshehassomethinginmind,everyonewillknowaboutit.　Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.M:We’vegotthreewomenresearchersinourgroup:Mary,BettyandHelen.Doyouknowthem?　W:Sure.Maryisactiveandsociable.BettyisthemosttalkativewomanI’veevermet.Butguesswhat?Helen’sjusttheopposite.　Q:Whatdowelearnfromthewoman’sremarkaboutHelen?10.W:JimmysaidthathewasgoingtomarryarichFrenchbusinesswoman.　　M:Don’tbesosure.Heoncetoldmethathehadboughtabighouse.Yethe’sstillsharinganapartmentwithMark.　　Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?SectionBPassage1　　UnlessyouhavevisitedthesouthernUnitedStates,youprobablyhaveneverheardofKudzu.Kudzu,asanyfarmerinthesouthwillsadlytellyou,isasuper-poweredweed.Itisastrongclimbingplant.Onceitgetsstarted,Kudzuisalmostimpossibletostop.Itclimbstothetopsofthetallesttrees.Itcancoverlargebuildings.Wholebarnsandfarmhouseshavebeenknowntodisappearfromview.Whereveritgrows,itsthicktwistingstemsareextremelyhardtoremove.Kudzuwasoncethoughttobeahelpfulplant.OriginallyfoundinAsia,itwasbroughttoAmericatohelpprotectthelandfrombeingswallowedbythesea.Itwasplantedwhereitstoughrootswhichgrowuptofivefeetlongcouldhelpholdbackthesoil.Buttheplantsoonspreadtoplaceswhereitwasn'twanted.Farmersnowhavetofighttokeepitfromkillingotherplants.Inaway,Kudzuisasignoflaborshortageinthesouth.Wherethereisnoonetoworkthefields,Kudzusoontakesover.ThenorthernUnitedStatesfacesnothreatfromKudzu.Harshwinterskillitoff.Theplantlovesthewarmthofthesouth,butthesouthsurelydoesn'tloveit.IfsomeonecouldinventsomeuseforKudzuandremoveitfromsouthernfarmland,hisorherfortunewouldbeassured.　　11.Whatdowelearnabout“Kudzu”fromthepassage?　　12.WhatwillhappenifthefieldsareneglectedinthesouthernUnitedStates?　　13.Whyisn'tKudzuathreattothenorthernUnitedStates?

311Passage2　　Theword“university”comesfromtheLatinword“universities”,meaning“thewhole”.Later,inLatinlegallanguage,“universities”meantasocietyorcorporation.IntheMiddleAges,thewordmeant“anassociationofteachersandscholars”.Theoriginsofuniversitiescanbetracedbacktothe12thto14thcenturies.Intheearly12thcentury,longbeforeuniversitieswereorganizedinthemodernsense,studentsgatheredtogetherforhigherstudiesatcertaincentersoflearning.TheearliestcentersintheEuropewereatBoloniainItaly,foundedin1088.OtherearlycentersweresetupinFrance,theCzechRepublic,AustriaandGermanyfrom1150to1386.ThefirstuniversitiesinBritainwereOxfordandCambridge.Theywereestablishedin1185and1209respectively.ThefamousLondonUniversitywasfoundedin1836.ThiswasfollowedbythefoundationofseveraluniversitiessuchasManchesterandBirmingham,whichdevelopedfromprovincialcolleges.Itwasinthe1960'sthatthelargestexpansionofhighereducationtookplaceinBritain.Thisexpansiontook3basicforms:existinguniversitieswereenlarged,newuniversitiesweredevelopedfromexistingcollegesandcompletelynewuniversitiesweresetup.InBritain,financeforuniversitiescomesfromthreesource:thefirst,andthelargestsource,isgrantsfromthegovernment,thesecondsourceisfeespaidbystudentsandthethirdoneisprivatedonations.AlltheBritishuniversitiesexceptonereceivesomegovernmentfunding.TheexceptionisBuckingham,whichisBritain'sonlyindependentuniversity.　　14.Whatdidtheword"Universities"meanintheMiddleAges?　　15.Whywasthe1960ssosignificantforBritishHigherEducation?　　16.WhatisthemainfinancialsourceforBritishuniversities?Passage3　　Oneofthebiggestproblemsindevelopingcountriesishunger.AnorganizationcalledHeiferInternationalisworkingtoimprovethesituation.Theorganizationsendsfarmanimalstofamiliesandcommunitiesaroundtheworld.AnAmericanfarmerDanWestdevelopedtheideaforHeiferInternationalinthe1930s.Mr.WestwasworkinginSpainwherehediscoveredaneedforcows.ManyfamilieswerestarvingbecauseoftheCivilWarinthatcountry.SoMr.WestaskedhisfriendsintheUnitesStatestosendsomecows.ThefirstHeiferanimalsweresentin1944.Sincethattimemorethan4millionpeoplein115countrieshavehadbetterlivesbecauseofheiferanimals.ToreceiveaHeiferanimal,familiesmustfirstexplaintheirneedsandgoals.Theymustalsomakeaplanwhichwillallowthemtobecomeself-supporting.Localexpertsusuallyprovidetraining.Theorganizationsaysthatanimalsmusthavefood,water,shelter,healthcareandtheabilitytoreproduce.Withoutthem,theanimalswillnotremainhealthyandproductive.HeiferInternationalalsobelievesthatfamiliesmustpassonsomeoftheirsuccesstoothersinneed.Thisbeliefguaranteesthateachpersonwhotakespartintheprogramalsobecomesagiver.EveryfamilythatreceivesaHeiferanimalmustagreetogivethatanimal'sfirstfemalebabytootherpeopleinneed.Familiesmustalsoagreetopassontheskillsandtraining

312theyreceivefromHeiferInternational.Thisconcepthelpscommunitiesbecomeself-supporting.17:WhatdoesthespeakertellusaboutMr.West?18:WhatistheultimategoalofHeiferInternational?19:WhatarefamiliesrequiredtodoaftertheyreceivesupportfromHeiferInternational?20:WhatisthemajorachievementofHeiferInternational?1.C)Theyknewnoneoftheotherguestsattheparty.2.B)Tothedentist's.3.C)Dr.Andrewsusedtokeephispatientswaiting.4.A)Tomisusuallytalkative.5.D)Togettheseminarscheduleforthewoman.6.A)Thewomanhastogetthetextbooksinotherways.7.B)Giveaspeech.8A)Jessiealwayssayswhatshethinks.9.D)Helenisquiet.10.D)Jimmy'swordsareoftennotreliable.11.C)IthasdonemoreharmthangoodinthesouthernUSA.12.B)Theywillsoonbeovergrownwithkudzu.13.C)Theclimatethereisunfavorabletoitsgrowth.14.D)Anassociationofteachersandscholars.15.A)Itslargestexpansiontookplaceduringthatperiod.16.B)Governmentfunding.17.C)HestartedtheorganizationHeiferInternational.18.A)Tohelpstarvingfamiliestobecomeself-supporting.19.A)Theyshouldhelpotherfamiliesthewaytheyhavebeenhelped.20.B)Ithashelpedrelievehungerinsomedevelopingcountries.PartⅡReadingComprehension21.C)theywanttoexpandtheirbusinessbeyondhomeborders22.D)seekseitherhisownorhischildren'sdevelopment23A)takeculturalfactorsintoconsideration24.C)provideadetaileddescriptionoftheirstudyandworkexperiences25.B)thedifferencesbetweenthevarietiesofEnglish26.C)rewarding27.A)girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys28.B)girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation

31329.C)Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments.30.D)theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwom31.C)Topreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitstops.32.B)self-preparedtoolsarenolongerenoughforcartheft33.B)AuniqueIDcord.34.D)ToallowforpossibleerrorsintheGPSsystem.35.B)Contactthecarowner.36B)Olderparentscantakebettercareoftheirchildren.37.C)Theycan'tgetfullpensionunlesstheyworksomeextrayears.38.C)olderparentstendtobeconcernedabouttheiragingbodies39.A)Approachingofdeath.40.D)Theybelievedthatchildrenbornofolderparentswouldbesmarter.PartIII??Vocabulary?????(20minutes)4l.B)initial42.B)mood43.D)evidence44..A)heldback45.D)preferences46.C)derive47B)occur48.D)illegal49.A)feature50B)forbids51.C)penalty52.A)distinguish53.D)pickup54.C)impression55.B)participate56.D)holdonto57..B)tackle58.A)state59.C)significant60.D)soared

31461.C)symptoms62.A)laidoff63.B)traced64.D)proportion65.B)burdened66.A)performance67.C)apply68.D)affordable69.B)treat70.D)Inspired完型71.A)ago72.C)idea73.B)come74.A)indoor75.D)revealed76.B)down77.C)safe78.A)reduced79.D)destroy80.B)however81.C)completely82.A)or83.B)fact84.D)developed85.A)starts86.D)inevitably87.C)instead88.D)adapting89.B)beneficial90.B)Total

3152006年1月四级试题Part1ListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.1.A)SeeadoctorB)Stayinbedforafewdays.C)Gettreatmentinabetterhospital.D)Makeaphonecalltothedoctor.2.A)The2:00trainwillarriveearlier.B)The2:30trainhasadiningcar.C)Thewomanpreferstotakethe2:30train.D)theyaregongtohavesomefastfoodonthetrain.3.A)ShehasbeenlongingtoattendHarvardUniversity.B)She’llconsidertheman’ssuggestioncarefully.C)ShehasfinishedherprojectwithDr.Garcia’shelp.D)She’llconsultDr.Garciaaboutenteringgraduateschool.4.A)Alicedidn’tseemtobenervousduringherspeech.B)Aliceneedsmoretraininginmakingpublicspeeches.C)ThemancanhardlyunderstandAlice’spresentation.D)Themandidn’tthinkhighlyofAlice’spresentation.5.A)It’sworsethan30yearsago.B)Itremainsalmostthesameasbefore.C)Therearemoreextremesintheweather.D)Therehasbeenasignificantriseintemperature.6.A)Atapublishinghouse.B)Atabookstore.C)InareadingroomD)InProf.Jordan’soffice7.A)Themancanstayinherbrother’sapartment.

316B)Herbrothercanhelpthemanfindacheaperhotel.C)Herbrothercanfindanapartmentfortheman.D)Themanshouldhavebookedalessexpensivehotel.8.A)Priorityshouldbegiventolistening.B)It’smosthelpfultoreadEnglishnewspaperseveryday.C)It’smoreeffectivetocombinelisteningwithreading.D)Readingshouldcomebeforelistening.9.A)Itcanhelpsolvecomplexproblems.B)ItwillmostlikelyproveineffectiveC)Itisanewweaponagainstterrorists.D)Itwillhelpdetectallkindsofliars.10.A)Helpthecompanyrecruitgraduatestudents.B)Visittheelectronicscompanynextweek.C)Getapart-timejoboncampusbeforegraduation.D)ApplyforajobintheelectronicscompanySectionBDirections:inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Ithabeenproventobethebestpainkiller.B)Itisapossiblecureforheartdisease.C)Itcanhelplowerhighbodytemperatureeffectively.D)Itreducesthechanceofdeathforheartsurgerypatients.12.A)Itkeepsbloodvesselsfrombeingblocked.B)Itspeedsuptheirrecoveryaftersurgery.C)Itincreasesthebloodflowtotheheart.D)Itadjuststheirbloodpressure.13.A)Itisharmfultoheartsurgerypatientswithstomachbleeding.B)Itshouldnotbetakenbyheartsurgerypatientsbeforetheoperation.C)Itwillhaveconsiderablesideeffectsiftakeninlargedoses.

317D)Itshouldnotbegiventopatientsimmediatelyaftertheoperation.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Theystronglybelieveinfamilyrules.B)Theyareverylikelytosucceedinlife.C)TheytendtotakeresponsibilityforthemselvesD)Theyareinthehabitofobeyingtheirparents.15.A)Theygrowuptobefunnyandcharming.B)Theyoftenhaveapoorsenseofdirection.C)Theygetlessattentionfromtheirparents.D)Theytendtobesmartandstrong-willed.16.A)Theyusuallydon’tfollowfamilyrules.B)Theydon’tliketotakechancesintheirlives.C)Theyarelesslikelytobesuccessfulinlife.D)Theytendtobelieveintheirparent’sideas.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Theywantedtofollowhisexample.B)Theyfullysupportedhisundertaking.C)Theywerepuzzledbyhisdecision.D)Theywereafraidhewasn’tfullyprepared.18.A)Itismoreexcitingthanspacetravel.B)Itismuchcheaperthanspacetravel.C)Itismuchsaferthanspacetravel.D)Itislesstime-consumingthanspacetravel.19.A)Theybothattractscientists’attentionB)TheycanbothbequitechallengingC)Theyareboththought-provoking.D)Theymaybothleadtosurprisingfindings.20.A)Toshowhowsimplethemechanicalaidsfordivingcanbe.B)Toprovideanexcuseforhischangeablecharacter.C)Toexplorethephilosophicalissuesofspacetravel.D)Toexplainwhyhetookupunderwaterexploration.

318PartIIReadingcomprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B,C),andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker,Frito-Lay,thinksotherwise.”Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip.Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmerica.ownedbyPepsiCo.Andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas.Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:first,aglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete,andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept.“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthanconsumers-especiallyyoungpeople-seeaspartofamodern,innovative(创新的)worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthanFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness.Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo(标识).Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips.wouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion.TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Rater,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives,”saidSteveReinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive.21.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarketingthat_____.A)PotatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarketB)Theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales.C)Thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany’spotatochipsD)Peopleallovertheworldenjoyeatingtheircompany’spotatochips

31922.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2?A)Itsproductsusedtobepopularamongoverseasconsumers.B)Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker.C)Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany.D)Itneedstoturntothewordmarketfordevelopment.23.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichFrito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat_____.A)consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrandsB)localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrandsC)productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofitsD)productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue24.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned?A)Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers.B)Topromotethecompany'sstrategyofglobalization.C)Tochangethecompany’slong-heldmarketingimage.D)TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.25.Frito-Lay'sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket_____.A)won'taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeopleB)willleadtoeconomicimperialismC)willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeopleD)won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchipsPassageTwoQuestion26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainSchoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.”We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsail.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.”Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent(有偿付能力的).Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthemtosolvethisproblem.The22,000-studentdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth.“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman.Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingupa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll(工资单)tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays.Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsinits38schools.

320AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools.InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs.Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper.“Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschools,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.”AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum(论坛).“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.”26.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict?A)Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen.B)Manyschoolstherearemismanaged.C)Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit.D)Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff.27.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage?A)Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit.B)Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit.C)Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit.D)Theydemandedathroughinvestigation.28.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis_________.A)unavoidableB)unthinkableC)insolvableD)irreversible29.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation?A)Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem.B)Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase.C)Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent.D)Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbondissue.30.Threehighschoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto__________.

321A)attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneedsB)appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonationsC)exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirdutiesD)keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisisPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.“Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise.”saidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantodocumenttheeffectsofstressonthebody.Whilehere’sonquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou..Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheycouldn’tgetthejobdone.Stressthatyoucanmanagemayalsoboostimmune(免疫的)function.InastudyattheAcademicCenterforDentistryinAmsterdam,researchersputvolunteersthroughtwostressfulexperiences.Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsbelievedtheyhadcontrolovertheoutcome.Inthesecond,theyweren’tincontrol:Theyhadtositthroughagory(血淋淋的)videoonsurgicalprocedures.ThosewhodidwellonthememorytesthadanincreaseinlevelsofimmunoglobulinA,anantibodythat’sthebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstgerms.Thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibody.Stresspromptsthebodytoproducecertainstresshormones.Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovedmemoryfunction.“Theycanhelpnervecellshandleinformationandputitintostorage,”saysDr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversityinNewYork.Butinthelongrunthesehormonescanhaveaharmfuleffectonthebodyandbrain.“Sustainedstressisnotgoodforyou,”saysRichardMorimoto,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisstudyingtheeffectsofstressonlongevity(长寿),“It’stheoccasionalburstofstressorbriefexposuretostressthatcouldbeprotective.”31.Thepassageismainlyabout______A)thebenefitsofmanageablestressB)howtoavoidstressfulsituationsC)howtocopewithstresseffectivelyD)theeffectsofstresshormonesonmemory32.Theword“shun”(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans________.A)cutdownon

322B)stayawayfromC)runoutofD)putupwith33.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2001that_______A)peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemoryB)peoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestressC)doingchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’shealthD)stresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstgerms34.IntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3,thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibodybecause______.A)thevideowasnotenjoyableatallB)theoutcomewasbeyondtheircontrolC)theyknewlittleaboutsurgicalproceduresD)theyfeltnopressurewhilewatchingthevideo35.Dr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversitybelievesthat______.A)aperson’smemoryisdeterminedbythelevelofhormonesinhisbodyB)stresshormoneshavelastingpositiveeffectsonthebrainC)shortburstsofstresshormonesenhancememoryfunctionD)aperson’smemoryimproveswithcontinuedexperienceofstress.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky.Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but…”whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:”Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology.Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone.Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityofidentifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I’muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement.Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness.Parentswhowishto

323teachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies.Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition(悔悟),childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot.36.Ifamotheradds”but”toanapology,________.A)shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized.B)shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurtC)thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoacceptD)thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology37.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostprobablymeans”_______”A)YouhavegoodreasontogetupsetB)I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblameC)IapologizeforhurtingyourfeelingsD)I’matfaultformakingyouupset38.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause______.A)itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromisesB)itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguiltyC)itisvagueandineffectiveD)itishurtfulandinsulting39.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry______.A)thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignoredB)theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccountC)parentsneedtosetthemagoodexampleD)parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis_________.A)asocialissuecallingforimmediateattentionB)notnecessaryamongfamilymembersC)asignofsocialprogressD)notassimpleasitseems

324PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.\41.Somepeoplebelievethatsinceoilisscarce,the____ofthemotorindustryisuncertain.A)terminalB)benefitC)fateD)estimate42.Tospeedupthe______ofletters,thePostOfficeintroducedautomaticsorting.A)treatmentB)deliveryC)transmissionD)departure43.Theseoverseasstudentsshowgreat______forlearninganewlanguage.A)enthusiasmB)authorityC)conventionD)faith44.Thedefenselawyerwasquestioningtheoldmanwhowasoneofthe______ofthemurdercommittedlastmonth.A)observersB)witnessesC)audiencesD)viewers45.Politicallythesenationstendtobe______,withveryhighbirthratesbutpooreducationandverylowlevelsofliteracy.A)unstableB)reluctantC)rationalD)unsteady46.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary________toomuchworklastweek.A)taketoB)takeoutC)takeawayD)takeon47."Youtrytogetsomesleep.I'll_____thepatient'sbreakfast,"saidthenurse.A)seetoB)sticktoC)gettoD)leadto48.TheLondonMarathonisadifficultrace.______,thousandsofrunnersparticipateeveryyear.A)ThereforeB)FurthermoreC)AccordinglyD)Nevertheless49.Thebankrefusedto______himanymoney,sohehadtopostponebuyingahouse.A)creditB)borrowC)loanD)lease50.Themoreanation'scompanies_______factoriesabroad,thesmallerthatcountry'srecordedexportswillbe.A)lieB)spotC)standD)locate51.Beingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasa(n)______forbreakingthelaw.A)excuseB)intentionC)optionD)approval52.Withintwodays,thearmyfiredmorethantwohundredrocketsandmissilesatmilitary_____inthecoastalcity.A)goalsB)aimsC)targetsD)destinations53.Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital_____ofmilk.

325A)storageB)reserveC)resourceD)source54."Thislightistoo______formetoreadby.Don’twehaveabrighterbulbsomewhere？"saidtheelderlyman.AmildB)dimC)minuteD)slight55.WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbe_____andgoanotherday.A)reliableB)probableC)feasibleD)flexible56.Wearequitesurethatwecan______ourpresentdifficultiesandfinishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.A)getacrossB)getoverC)getawayD)getoff57.______recentdevelopmentswedonotthinkyourschemeispractical.A)InviewofB)IncaseofC)InmemoryofD)infavorof58.Jessicawas______fromthewarehousetotheaccountingoffice,whichwasconsideredapromotion.A)deliveredB)exchangedC)transferredD)transformed59.Mr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto____anewparagraphintheannualreportshewastyping.A)injectB)installC)invadeD)insert60.There'sthelivingroomstilltobe_____,sothat'smynextproject.A)abandonedB)decoratedC)dissolvedD)assessed61.Theoldpapermillhasbeen______tomakewayforanewshoppingcentre.A)cutdownB)keptdownC)torndownD)helddown62.Itmaybenecessarytostop______inthelearningprocessandgobacktothedifficultpointsinthelessons.A)atadistanceB)atintervalsC)atcaseD)atlength63.Youcanhireabicycleinmanyplaces.Usuallyyou'llhavetopaya_________.A)fareB)fundC)depositD)deal64.Mygrandfatherhadalwaystakena_______interestinmywork,andIhadanequaladmirationforthestoriesofhistime.A)splendidB)weightyC)vagueD)keen65.________quantitiesofwaterarebeingusednowadayswiththerapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.A)ExcessiveB)ExtensiveC)ExtremeD)exclusive66.Johncannotaffordtogotouniversity,_______goingabroad.A)nothingbutB)anythingbutC)nottospeakofD)nothingtospeakof67.Mostlaboratoryandfieldstudiesofhumanbehavior______takingasituationalphotographatagiventimeandinagivenplace.A)involveB)composeC)encloseD)attach

32668.Ifyoudon’tliketoswim,you_____aswellstayathome.A)shouldB)mayC)canD)would69.Dr.Smithwasalways__thepoorandthesick,oftenprovidingthemwithfreemedicalcare.A)remindedofB)absorbedinC)tendedbyD)concernedabout70.ThomasJeffersonandJohnAdamsdiedonJuly4,1826,thefiftieth______ofAmericanIndependence.A)ceremonyB)occasionC)occurrenceD)anniversaryPartⅣCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Asaphysicianwhotravelsquitealot,Ispendalotoftimeonplaneslisteningforthatdreaded“Isthereadoctoronboard?”announcement.I’vebeen71onlyonce–forawomanwhohadmerelyfainted.Butthe72mademequitecuriousabouthow73thiskindofthinghappens.IwonderedwhatIwoulddoif74witharealmidairmedicalemergency-withoutaccess75ahospitalstaffandtheusualemergencyequipment.So76theNewEnglandJournalofMedicinelastweek77astudyaboutin–flightmedicalevents.Ireadit78interest.Thestudyestimatedthattherearea(n)79of30in-flightmedicalemergenciesonU.S.flightseveryday.Mostofthemarenot80;faintinganddizzinessarethemostfrequentcomplaints.8113%ofthem–roughlyfouraday–areseriousenoughto82apilottochangecourse.Themostcommonoftheseriousemergencies83hearttrouble,strokes,anddifficultybreathing.Let’sfaceit:planeridesare84.Forstarters,cabinpressuresathighaltitudesaresetatroughly85theywouldbeifyoulivedat5,000to8,000feetabovesealevel.Mostpeoplecantoleratethesepressurespretty86,butpassengerswithheartdisease87experiencechestpainsasaresultofthereducedamountofoxygenflowingthroughtheirblood.88commonin-flightproblemisdeepvenousthrombosis–theso-calledeconomyclasssyndrome(综合症).89happens,don’tpanic.Thingsaregettingbetteronthein-flight-emergencyfront.Thankstomorerecentlegislation,flightswithat90oneattendantarestartingtoinstallemergencymedicalkitstotreatheartattacks71.A)calledB)addressedC)informedD)surveyed72.A)accidentB)conditionC)incidentD)disaster73.A)soonB)longC)manyD)often74.A)confrontedB)treatedC)identifiedD)provided75.A)forB)toC)byD)through76.A)beforeB)sinceC)whenD)while

32777.A)collectedB)conductedC)discoveredD)published78.A)byB)ofC)withD)in79.A)amountB)averageC)sumD)number80.A)significantB)heavyC)commonD)serious81.A)ForB)OnC)ButD)So82.A)requireB)inspireC)engageD)command83.A)includeB)confineC)implyD)contain84.A)enjoyableB)stimulatingC)tediousD)stressful85.A)whoB)whatC)whichD)that86.A)harshlyB)reluctantlyC)easilyD)casually87.A)oughttoB)mayC)usedtoD)need88.A)AnyB)OneC)OtherD)Another89.A)WhateverB)WhicheverC)WheneverD)Wherever90.A)mostB)worstC)leastD)bestPart VWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1．名校校园正成为旅游新热点2．校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同3．我认为……ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists?2006年1月四级试题详解2006年1月参考答案1.A2.C3.D4.A5.C6.B7.A8.C9.B10.D11.D12.A13.A14.B15.C16.A17.C18.B19.B20.D听力原文PartIListeningComprehensionSectionA1.W:Caroltoldusonthephonenottoworryabouther.Herleftlegdoesn’thurtasmuchasitdidyesterday.M:She’dbetterhaveitexaminedbyadoctoranyway.AndIwillcallheraboutitthisevening.

328Q:WhatdoesthemanthinkCarolshoulddo?2.M:Thereisanon-stoptrainforWashingtonanditleavesat2:30.W:Itisfasterthanthe2o’clocktrain.Besides,wecanhavesomethingtoeatbeforegettingonthetrain.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.M:Hi,Melissa,howisyourprojectgoing?Haveyouthoughtaboutgoingtograduateschool?W:Everythingiscomingalongreallywell.Ihavebeenthinkingaboutgraduateschool.ButI’lltalktomytutorDoctorGarseerfirstandseewhatshethinks.Q:Whatdoyoulearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?4.W:DidyouattendAlice’spresentationlastnight?Itwasthefirsttimeforhertogiveaspeechtoalargeaudience.M:Howshecouldbesocalminfrontofsomanypeopleisreallybeyondme!Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?5.W:You’vebeendoingweatherreportsforneatly30years.Hastheweathergotanyworseinalltheseyears?M:Well,notnecessarilyworse.Butweareseeingmoreswings.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheweather?6.M:Excuseme,IamlookingforthetextbookbyProfessorJordonfortheMarketingcourse.W:Iamafraidit’soutofstock.You’llhavetoorderit.Anditwilltakethepublisher3weekstosendittous.Q:Wheredidthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?7.M:IamgoingtoNewYorknextweek,butthehotelIbookedisreallyexpensive.W:Whybookahotel?Mybrotherhas2spareroomsinhisapartment.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?8.W:Inmyopinion,watchingNewsonTVisagoodwaytolearnEnglish.Whatdoyouthink?M:ItwouldbebetterifyoucouldcheckthesameinformationinEnglishnewspapersafterwards.Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutlearningEnglish?9.M:Ihearanewly-inventeddrugcanmakepeopletellthetruthanditmayproveusefulinquestioningterrorists.Isn’titincredible?W:Simplesolutionstocomplexproblemsrarelysucceed.AsfaradIknow,nosuchdrugsareeverknowntowork.

329Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthenewday?10.M:Youknowtheelectronicscompanyiscomingtoourcampustorecruitgraduatestudentsnextweek.W:Really?Whatday?I'dliketotalktothemandhandinmyresume.Q:Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?SectionTwoPassageoneAnewstudyreportsthecommondrugaspiringreatlyreduceslifethreateningproblemsafteranoperationtoreplaceblockedbloodvesselstotheheartmorethan800,000peoplearoundtheworldhavethisheartsurgeryeachyear.Thedoctorswhocarriedoutthisstudysaygivingaspirintopatientssoonaftertheoperationcouldsavethousandsoflives.Peopleusuallytakeaspirintocontrolpainandreducehighbodytemperature.Doctorsalsoadvisesomepeopletotakeaspirintohelppreventheartattacks.About10-15percentoftheseheartoperationsendindeathordamagetotheheartorotherorgans.Thenewstudyshowsthatevenasmallamountofaspirinreducedsuchthreats.Thedoctorssaidthechanceofdeathforpatientswhotoolaspirinwouldfallby67%.Theyclaimedthiswastrueiftheaspirinwasgivenwithin48hoursoftheoperation.Thedoctorsbelieveaspirinhelpsheartsurgerypatientsbecauseitcanpreventbloodfromthickeningandbloodvesselsfrombeingblocked.However,thedoctorswarnedthatpeoplewhohavestomachbleedingorotherbadreactionsfromaspirinshouldnottakeitafterheartsurgery.Q11.Whatisthefindingofthenewstudyofaspirin?Q12.Inwhatwaycanaspirinhelpheartsurgerypatientsaccordingtothedoctors?Q13.Whatwarningdidthedoctorsgiveabouttheuseofaspirin?PassageTwoWereyouthefirstorthelastchildinyoufamily?Orwereyouamiddleoranonlychild?Somepeoplethinkitmatterswhereyouwereborninyoufamily.Buttherearedifferentideasaboutwhatbirthordermeans.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildrenaresmartandstrong-willed.Theyareverylikelytobesuccessful.Thereasonforthissimpleparentshavealotoftimefortheirfirstchild,theygivehimorheralotofattention.Sothischildisverylikelytodowell.Anonlychildwillsucceedforthesamereason.Whathappenstotheotherchildreninthefamily?Middlechildrendon’tgetsomuchattention,sotheydon’tfeelthatimportant.Ifafamilyhasmanychildren,themiddleonesometimesgetslostinthecrowd.Theyoungestchild,though,oftengetsspecialtreatment.Heorsheisthebaby.Oftenthischildgrowsuptobefunnyandcharming.Doyoubelievethisideaofbirthordertoo?Arecentstudysawthingsquitedifferently.Thestudyfoundthatfirstchildrenbelievedinfamilyrules.Theydidn’ttakemanychancesintheirlives.Theyusuallyfollowedorders.Rulesdidn’tmeanasmuchtolaterchildreninthefamily.Theywentoutandfollowedtheirownideas.They

330tookchancesandtheyoftendidbetterinlife.Q14.Accordingtocommonbelief,inwhatwayarethefirstchildandtheonlychildalike?Q15.Whatdopeopleusuallysayaboutmiddlechildren?Q16.whatdowelearnaboutlaterchildreninafamilyfromarecentstudyofbirthorder?PassageThreeWhenmyinterestshiftedfromspacetothesea,Ineverexpecteditwouldcausesuchconfusionamongmyfriends,yetIcanunderstandtheirfeelings.AsIhavebeenwritingandtalkingaboutspaceflightforthebestpartof20years,asuddenswitchofinteresttothedepthoftheseadoerseempeculiar.Toexplain,I’dliketosharemyreasonsbehindthisunusualchangeofmind.ThefirstexcuseIgiveisaneconomicone.Underwaterexplorationissomuchcheaperthanspaceflight.Thefirstround-triptickettothemoonisgoingtocostatleast10billiondollarsifyouincluderesearchanddevelopment.Bytheendofthiscentury,thecostwillbedowntoafewmillion.Ontheotherhand,thedivingsuitandasetofbasictoolsneededforskin-divingcanbeboughtfor20dollars.Mysecondargumentismorephilosophical.Theocean,surprisinglyenough,hasmanythingsincommonwithspace.Intheirdifferentways,bothseaandspaceareequallyhostile.Ifwewishtosurviveineitherforanylengthoftime,weneedtohavemechanicalaids.Thedivingsuithelpedthedesignofthespacesuit.Thefeelingandtheemotionsofamanbeneaththeseawillbemuchlikethoseofamanbeyondtheatmosphere.Q17.Howdidthespeaker’sfriendsrespondtohischangeofinterest?Q18.Whatisoneofthereasonsforthespearstoswitchhisinteresttounderwaterexploration?Q19.Inwhatwaydoesthespeakerthinkdivingissimilartospacetravel?Q20.Whatisthespeaker’spurposeingivingthistalk?21.D22.D23.A24.B25.C26.A27.C28.B29.A30.D31.A32.B33.C34.B35.C36.D37.B38.C39.B40.D41.C42.B43.A44.B45.A46.D47.A48.D49.C50.D51.A52.C53.D54.B55.D56.B57.A58.C59.D60.B61.C62.B63.C64.D65.B66.C67.A68.B69.D70.D71.A72.A73.D74.A75.B76.C77.D78.C79.B80.D81.C82.A83.A84.D85.B86.C87.B88.D89.A90.C2005年6月四级试题PartI　　　　　　ListeningComprehension　　　　　(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestion

331willbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:　　Youwillhear:　　　　　　Youwillread:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A)Attheoffice.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B)Inthewaitingroom.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　C)Attheairport.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D)Inarestaurant.　　Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)"Attheoffice"isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[-A-][B][C][D]1.A)Themanhatestolendhistoolstootherpeople.B)Themanhasn’tfinishedworkingonthebookshelf.C)Thetoolshavealreadybeenreturnedtothewoman.D)Thetoolsthemanborrowedfromthewomanaremissing.2.A)Givetheringtoapoliceman.B)Waitfortheowneroftheringintherestroom.C)Handintheringtothesecurityoffice.D)Taketheringtotheadministrationbuilding.3.A)Savetimebyusingacomputer.B)BuyherowncomputerC)BorrowMartha’scomputerD)Stayhomeandcompleteherpaper4.A)Themandoesn’thavemoneyforhisdaughter’sgraduatestudies.B)Themandoesn’tthinkhisdaughterwillgetabusinessdegree.C)Themaninsiststhathisdaughtershouldpursueherstudiesinscience.D)Themanadviseshisdaughtertothinkcarefullybeforemakingherdecision.5.A)Thecinemaissomedistanceawayfromwheretheyare.B)Hewouldliketoreadthefilmreviewinthenewspaper.C)Theyshouldwaittoseethemovieatalatertime.

332D)He’llfindhiswaytothecinema.6.A)He’sbeentoSeattlemanytimes.B)Hehaschairedalotofconferences.C)Hehasahighpositioninhiscompany.D)HelivedinSeattleformanyyears.7.A)Teacherandstudent.B)Doctorandpatient..C)Managerandofficeworker.D)Travelagentandcustomer8.A)Sheknowstheguywhowillgivethelecture.B)ShethinksthelecturemightbeinformativeC)Shewantstoaddsomethingtoherlecture.D)She’llfinishedherreportthisweekend9.A)Anartmuseum.B)Abeautifulpark.C)AcollegecampusD)Anarchitecturalexhibition10.A)ThehousesforsaleareofpoorqualityB)ThehousesaretooexpensiveforthecoupletobuyC)ThehousingdevelopersprovidefreetripsforpotentialbuyersD)ThemanisunwillingtotakealookatthehousesforsaleSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)SyntheticfuelB)SolarenergyC)AlcoholD)Electricity12.A)Airtrafficconditions

333B)TrafficjamsonhighwaysC)RoadconditionsD)Newtrafficrules13.A)GothroughahealthcheckB)CarrylittleluggageC)ArriveearlyforboardingD)UndergosecuritychecksPassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Inafast-foodrestaurantB)AtashoppingcenterC)AtacountyfairD)Inabakery15.A)AvoideatinganyfoodB)PreparetherighttypeofpietoeatC)WashhishandsthoroughlyD)Practiceeatingapiequickly16.A)OnthetableB)BehindhisbackC)UnderhisbottomD)Onhislap17.A)Lookingsidewaystoseehowfastyourneighboreats.B)EatingfromtheoutsidetowardthemiddleC)SwallowingthepiewithwaterD)HoldingthepieintherightpositionPassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)BeautyB)LoyaltyC)LuckD)Durability19.A)HewantedtofollowthetraditionofhiscountryB)HebelievedthatitsymbolizedaneverlastingmarriageC)ItwasthoughtabloodvesselinthatfingerleddirectlytotheheartD)Itwassupposedthatthediamondonthatfingerwouldbringgoodluck20.A)Thetwopeoplecanlearnabouteachother’slikesanddislikes

334B)ThetwopeoplecanhavetimetodecideiftheyareagoodmatchC)Thetwopeoplecanhavetimetoshopfortheirnewhome.D)ThetwopeoplecanearnenoughmoneyfortheirweddingPartII　　　　　ReadingComprehension　　　　(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassagefourQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:IsthereenoughoilbeneaththeArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge(保护区)(ANWR)tohelpsecureAmericasenergyfuture?PresidentBushcertainlythinksso.HehasarguedthattappingANWR’soilwouldhelpeaseCalifornia’selectricitycrisisandprovideamajorboosttothecountry’senergyindependence.Butnooneknowsforsurehowmuchcrudeoilliesburiedbeneaththefrozenearthwiththelastgovernmentsurvey,conductedin1998,projectingoutputanywherefrom3billionto16billionbarrels.Theoilindustrygoeswiththehighendoftherange,whichcouldequalasmuchas10%ofU.S.consumptionforaslongassixyears.Bypumpingmorethan1millionbarrelsadayfromthereserveforthenexttwothreedecades,lobbyistsclaim,thenationcouldcutbackonimportsequivalenttoallshipmentstotheU.S.fromSaudiArabia.Soundsgood.Anoilboomwouldalsomeanamultibillion-dollarwindfall（意外之财）intaxrevenues,royalties(开采权使用费)andleasingfeesforAlaskaandtheFederalGovernment.Bestofall,advocatesofdrillingsay,damagetotheenvironmentwouldbeinsignificant.“We’veneverhadadocumentcaseofoilrigchasingdeeroutontothepackice.”saysAlaskaStateRepresentativeScottOgan.Notsofast,sayenvironmentalists.Stickingtothelowendofgovernmentestimates,theNationalResourcesDefenseCouncilsaystheremaybenomorethan3.2billionbarrelsofeconomicallyrecoverableoilinthecoastalplainofANWR,adropinthebucketthatwoulddovirtuallynothingtoeaseAmerica’senergyproblems.Andconsumerswouldwaituptoadecadetogainanybenefits,becausedrillingcouldbeginonlyaftermuchbargainingoverleases,environmentalpermitsandregulatoryreview.AsforANWR’simpactontheCaliforniapowercrisis,environmentalistspointoutthatoilisresponsibleforonly1%oftheGoldenState’selectricityoutput–andjust3%ofthenation’s.21.WhatdoesPresidentBushthinkoftappingoilinANWR?A)Itwillexhaustthenation’soilreserves.B)ItwillhelpsecurethefutureofANWR.C)Itwillhelpreducethenation’soilimportsD)ItwillincreaseAmerica’senergyconsumption

33522.WelearnfromthesecondparagraphthattheAmericanoilindustry_______A)believesthatdrillingforoilinANWRwillproducehighyieldsB)tendstoexaggerateAmerica’srelianceonforeignoilC)showslittleinterestintappingoilinANWRD)expectstostopoilimportsfromSaudiArabia23.ThoseagainstoildrillinginANWRarguethat_________A)itcancauseseriousdamagetotheenvironmentB)itcandolittletosolveU.S.energyproblemsC)itwilldraintheoilreservesintheAlaskanregionD)itwillnothavemuchcommercialvalue24.Whatdotheenvironmentalistsmeanbysaying“Notsofast”(Line1,Para.3)?A)OilexploitationtakesalongtimeB)TheoildrillingshouldbedelayedC)Don’tbetoooptimisticD)Don’texpectfastreturns25.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatoilexploitationbeneathANWR’sfrozenearth________.A)remainsacontroversialissueB)isexpectedtogetunderwaysoonC)involvesalotoftechnologicalproblemsD)willenabletheU.S.tobeoilindependentPassagetwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:“Tear‘emapart!”“Killthefool!”“Murderthereferee(裁判)！”Thesearecommonremarksonemayhearatvarioussportingevents.Atthetimetheyaremade,theymayseeminnocentenough.Butlet’snotkidourselves.Theyhavebeenknowntoinfluencebehaviorinsuchawayastoleadtorealbloodshed.Volumeshavebeenwrittenaboutthewaywordsaffectus.Ithasbeenshownthatwordshavingcertainconnotations(含义)maycauseustoreactinwaysquiteforeigntowhatweconsidertobeourusualhumanisticbehavior.Iseetheterm“opponent”asoneofthosewords.Perhapsthetimehascometodeleteitfromsportsterms.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“opponent“is“adversary“:“enemy“;“onewhoopposesyourinterests.”“Thus,whenaplayermeetsanopponent,heorshemaytendtotreatthatopponentasanenemy.Atsuchtimes,winningmaydominateone’sintellect,andeveryaction,nomatterhowgross,maybeconsideredjustifiable.Irecallanincidentinahandballgamewhenarefereerefusedaplayer’srequestforatimeoutfora

336glovechangebecausehedidnotconsideredthenwetenough.TheplayerproceededtorubhisglovesacrosshiswetT-shirtandthenexclaimed.“Aretheywetenoughnow?”Intheheatofbattle,playershavebeenobservedtothrowthemselvesacrossthecourtwithoutconsideringtheconsequencesthatsuchamovemighthaveonanyoneintheirway.Ihavealsowitnessedaplayerreactingtohisopponent’sinternationalandillegalblockingbydeliberatelyhittinghimwiththeballashardashecouldduringthecourseofplay.Offthecourt,theyaregoodfriends.Doesthatmakeanysense?Itcertainlygivesproofofacourtattitudewhichdepartsfromnormalbehavior.Therefore,Ibelieveitistimeweelevated(提升)thegametothelevelwhereitbelongstherebysettinganexampletotherestofthesportingworld.Replacingtheterm“opponent”with“associate”couldbeanidealwaytostart.Thedictionarymeaningoftheterm“associate“is“colleague”;“friend”;“companion.”Reflectamoment!Youmaysoonseeandpossiblyfeelthedifferenceinyourreactiontotheterm“associate”ratherthan“opponent.”26.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor’sview?A)AggressivebehaviorinsportscanhaveseriousconsequencesB)ThewordspeopleusecaninfluencetheirbehaviorC)UnpleasantwordsinsportsareoftenusedbyforeignathletesD)Unfairjudgmentsbyrefereeswillleadtoviolenceonthesportsfield27.Harshwordsarespokenduringgamesbecausetheplayers_______A)aretooeagertowinB)areusuallyshort-temperedandeasilyoffendedC)cannotaffordtobepoliteinfiercecompetitionD)treattheirrivalsasenemies28.Whatdidthehandballplayerdowhenhewasnotallowedatimeouttochangehisgloves?A)HerefusedtocontinuethegameB)HeangrilyhittherefereewithaballC)HeclaimedthattherefereewasunfairD)HewethisglovesbyrubbingthemacrosshisT-shirt29.Accordingtothepassage,players,inagame,may_______A)deliberatelythrowtheballatanyoneillegallyblockingtheirwayB)keeponscreamingandshoutingthroughoutthegameC)liedownonthegroundasanactofprotestD)kicktheballacrossthecourtwithforce

33730.Theauthorhopestohavethecurrentsituationinsportsimprovedby_______A)callingonplayerstousecleanlanguageonthecourtB)raisingthereferee’ssenseofresponsibilityC)changingtheattitudeofplayersonthesportsfieldD)regulatingtherelationshipbetweenplayersandrefereesPassagethreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Consumersarebeingconfusedandmisledbythehodge-podge(大杂烩)ofenvironmentalclaimsmadebyhouseholdproducts,accordingtoa“greenlabeling”studypublishedbyConsumersInternationalFriday.Amongthereport’smoreoutrageous(令人无法容忍的)findings-aGermanfertilizerdescribeditselfas“earthwormfriendly”abrandoffloursaiditwas“non-polluting”andaBritishtoiletpaperclaimedtobe“environmentallyfriendlier”ThestudywaswrittenandresearchedbyBritain’sNationalConsumerCouncil(NCC)forlobbygroupConsumerInternational.ItwasfundedbytheGermanandDutchgovernmentsandtheEuropeanCommission.“Whilemanygoodandusefulclaimsarebeingmade,itisclearthereisalongwaytogoinensuringshoppersareadequatelyinformedabouttheenvironmentalimpactofproductstheybuy,”saidConsumersInternationaldirectorAnnaFielder.The10-countrystudysurveyedproductpackaginginBritain.WesternEurope,ScandinaviaandtheUnitedStates.ItfoundthatproductssoldinGermanyandtheUnitedKingdommadethemostenvironmentalclaimsonaverage.Thereportfocusedonclaimsmadebyspecificproducts,suchasdetergent(洗涤剂)insectspraysandbysomegardenproducts.Itdidnottesttheclaims,butcomparedthemtolabelingguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization(ISO)inSeptember,1999.Researchersdocumentedclaimsofenvironmentalfriendlinessmadebyabout2,000productsandfoundmanytoovagueortoomisleadingtomeetISOstandards.“Manyproductshadspecially-designedlabelstomakethemseemenvironmentallyfriendly,butinfactmanyofthesesymbolsmeannothing,”saidreportresearcherPhilipPage.“Laundrydetergentsmadethemostnumberofclaimswith158.Householdcleanersweresecondwith145separateclaims.whilepaintswerethirdonourlistwith73.Thehighnumbersshowhowveryconfusingitmustbeforconsumerstosortthetruefromthemisleading.”hesaid.TheISOlabelingstandardsbanvagueormisleadingclaimsonproductpackaging,becausetermssuchas“environmentallyfriendly”and“non-polluting”cannotbeverified.“whatwearenowpushingforistohavemultinationalcorporationsmeetthestandardssetbytheISO.”saidPage.

33831.Accordingtothepassage,theNCCfounditoutrageousthat______A)alltheproductssurveyedclaimtomeetISOstandardsB)theclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearordeceivingC)consumerswouldbelievemanyofthemanufactures’claimD)fewproductsactuallyprovetobeenvironmentfriendly32.Asindicatedinthispassage,withsomanygoodclaims,theconsumers_____.A)arebecomingmorecautiousabouttheproductstheyaregoingtobuyB)arestillnotwillingtopaymoreforproductswithgreenlabelingC)arebecomingmoreawareoftheeffectsdifferentproductshaveontheenvironmentD)stilldonotknowtheexactimpactofdifferentproductsontheenvironment33.AstudywascarriedoutbyBritain’sNCCto_______A)findouthowmanyclaimsmadebyproductsfailtomeetenvironmentalstandardsB)informtheconsumersoftheenvironmentalimpactoftheproductstheybuyC)examineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandardsD)revisetheguidelinessetbytheInternationalStandardsOrganization34.Whatisoneoftheconsequencescausedbythemanyclaimsofhouseholdproducts?A)TheyarelikelytoleadtoseriousenvironmentalproblemsB)ConsumersfinditdifficulttotellthetruefromthefalseC)TheycouldarousewidespreadangeramongconsumerD)Consumerswillbetemptedtobuyproductstheydon’tneed35.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthelobbygroupConsumerInternationalwantsto_______.A)makeproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirementsB)seeallhouseholdproductsmeetenvironmentalstandardsC)warnconsumersofthedangerofso-calledgreenproductsD)verifytheeffortsofnon-pollutingproductsPassagefourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:TwohoursfromthetallbuildingsofManhattanandPhiladelphialivesomeoftheworld’slargestblackbears.TheyareinnorthernPennsylvania’sPoconoMountains,ahometheysharewithanabundanceofotherwildlife.Thestreams,lakes,meadows(草地),mountainridgesandforeststhatmakethePoconosanidealplaceforblackbearshavealsoattractedmorepeopletotheregion.Openspacesarethreatenedbyplansforhousingestatesandimportanthabitats(栖息地)areendangeredbyhighwayconstruction.ToprotectthePoconos’

339naturalbeautyfromirresponsibledevelopment.TheNatureConservancy(大自然保护协会)namedtheareaoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces”Operatingoutofacentury-oldschoolhouseinthevillageofLongPond,Pennsylvania,theconservancy’sbudCookisworkingwithlocalpeopleandbusinessleaderstobalanceeconomicgrowthwithenvironmentalprotection.ByforgingpartnershipswithpeoplelikeFrancisAltemose,theConservancyhasbeenabletoprotectmorethan14,000acresofenvironmentallyimportantlandinthearea.Altemose’sfamilyhasfarmedinthePoconoareaforgenerations.TwoyearsagoFrancisworkedwiththeConservancytoincludehisfarminacountyfarmlandprotectionprogram.Asaresult,hisfamily’slandcanbeprotectedfromdevelopmentandtheAltemoseswillbebetterabletoprovideasecurefinancialfuturefortheir7-year-oldgrandson.CookattributestheConservancy’ssuccessinthePoconostohavingalocalpresenceandacommitmenttoworkingwithlocalresidents“Thekeytoprotectingtheseremarkablelandsisconnectingwiththelocalcommunity,”Cooksaid.“Thepeoplewholivethererespecttheland.Theyvaluequiteforests,clearstreamsandabundantwildlife.Theyareeagertohelpwithconservationeffort.FormoreinformationonhowyoucanhelpTheNatureConservancyprotectthePoconosandtheworld’sother“LastGreatPlaces,”pleasecall1-888-5646864.orvisitusontheWorldWideWebatwww.tnc.org.36.ThepurposeinnamingthePoconosasoneofAmerica’s“LastGreatPlaces“isto______.A)gainsupportfromthelocalcommunityB)protectitfromirresponsibledevelopmentC)makeitabetterhomeforblackbearsD)providefinancialsecurityforfuturegenerations37.Welearnfromthepassagethat_______.A)thepopulationinthePoconoareaisgrowingB)wildlifeinthePoconoareaisdyingoutrapidlyC)thesecurityofthePoconoresidentsisbeingthreatenedD)farmlandsinthePoconoareaareshrinkingfast38.WhatisimportantinprotectingthePoconosaccordingtoCook?A)ThesettingupofanenvironmentalprotectionwebsiteB)SupportfromorganizationslikeTheNatureConservancyC)CooperationwiththelocalresidentsandbusinessleadersD)Inclusionoffarmlandsintheregion’sprotectionprogram39.WhatdoesBudCookmeanby“havingalocalpresence“(Line1,Para.5)?

340A)FinancialcontributionsfromlocalbusinessleadersB)ConsiderationoftheinterestsofthelocalresidentsC)TheestablishmentofawildlifeprotectionfoundationintheareaD)ThesettingupofalocalNatureConservancybranchinthePoconoarea40.Thepassagemostprobablyis________.A)anofficialdocumentB)anewsstoryC)anadvertisementD)aresearchreportPartⅢVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Awordprocessorismuchbetterthanatypewriterinthatitenablesyoutoenterand_______yourtextmoreeasily.A)registerB)editC)proposeD)discharge42.Wedon’tknowwhysomanypeopleinthatregionliketoweardressesofsuch______colors.A)lowB)humbleC)mildD)dull43.Thenewshasjust______thatthepresidentisgoingtovisitChinanextmonth.A)comedownB)comeupC)comeoutD)comeabout44.The______thatexistsamongnationscouldcertainlybelessenedifmisunderstandingandmistrustwereremoved.A)tensionB)strainC)stressD)intensity45.Theotherday,MumandIwenttoSt.James’sHospital,andtheydidlotsandlotsoftestsonme,mostofthem_____andfrightening.A)cheerfulB)horribleC)hostileD)friendly46.IntheMediterraneanseaweedissoabundantandsoeasilyharvestedthatitisneverofgreat_____.A)fareB)paymentC)worthD)expense47.Thewriterwasso______inherworkthatshedidn’tnoticehimentertheroom.A)absorbedB)abandonedC)focusedD)centered48.Actually,informationtechnologycan______thegapbetweenthepoorandtherich.A)linkB)breakC)allyD)bridge49.Someresearchworkerscompletely______allthosefactsasthoughtheyneverexisted.

341A)ignoreB)leaveC)refuseD)miss50.Computerpowernowallowsautomaticsearchesoffingerprintfilestomatchaprintatacrime______.A)stageB)sceneC)locationD)occasion51.Themostbasicreasonwhydialectsshouldbepreservedisthatlanguagehelpsto__aculture.A)retainB)relateC)remarkD)review52.Companiesarestrugglingtofindtheright_______betweensupplyanddemand,butitisnoeasytask.A)equationB)formulaC)balanceD)pattern53.Massadvertisinghelpedto_______theemphasisfromtheproductionofgoodstotheirconsumption.A)varyB)shiftC)layD)moderate54.Becauseofhisexcellentadministration,peoplelivedinpeaceand_____andallpreviouslyneglectedmattersweretakencareof.A)convictionB)contestC)consentD)content55.Iknowyou’vegotasmoothtongue,sodon’ttalkme______buyingit.A)awayB)downC)outD)into56.Showingsomesenseofhumorcanbea(n)_______waytodealwithsomestressfulsituation.A)effectiveB)efficientC)favorableD)favorite57.Thesituationdescribedinthereport______terrible,butitmaynothappen.A)inclinesB)maintainsC)soundsD)remains58.Thecompanyistryingeverymeansto______thewholesalepriceofitsproducts.A)pulldownB)putdownC)setdownD)bringdown59.Themayor______thepoliceofficeramedalofhonorforhisheroicdeedinrescuingtheearthquakevictims.A)rewardedB)awardedC)creditedD)prized60.ThenativeCanadianslivedin____withnature,fortheyrespectednatureasaprovideroflife.A)coordinationB)acquaintanceC)contactD)harmony61.Manypeopleareaskingwhethertraditionalresearchuniversitiesinfacthaveanyfuture_______.A)atallB)sofarC)inallD)onend62.Iwasimpressed_______theefficiencyoftheworkdoneinthecompany.A)inB)aboutC)withD)for63.NowinBritain,winestakeupfourtimesasmuch______inthestorehouseasbothbeerandspirits.A)blockB)landC)patchD)space64.Hishandshookalittleashe_______thekeyinthelockA)squeezedB)insertedC)stuffedD)pierced

34265.Forprofessionalathletes,_______totheOlympicsmeansthattheyhaveachancetoenterthehistorybooks.A)accessB)attachmentC)appealD)approach66Inthelong_________,thenewinformationtechnologiesmayfundamentallyalteroutwayof.A)viewB)distanceC)jumpD)run67.Allthearrangementsshouldbecompleted_______yourdeparture.A)priortoB)superiortoC)contrarytoD)parallelto68.Weneedtocreateeducationstandardsthatprepareournextgenerationwhowillbe_______withanevenmorecompetitivemarket.A)tackledB)encounteredC)dealtD)confronted69.Inthelateseventies,theamountoffixedassetsrequiredtoproduceonevehicleinJapanwas______equivalenttothatintheUnitedStates.A)rudelyB)roughlyC)readilyD)coarsely70.Manypeoplebelieveweareheadingforenvironmentaldisaster______weradicallychangewaywelive.A)butB)althoughC)unlessD)lestPartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words.)Wecommonlythinkofsportsmanshipinconnectionwithathleticcontests,butitalsoappliestoindividualoutdoorsports.Noteveryonewhopicksupafishingrodorgoesoutwithagunisasportsman.Thesportsmanfirstofallobeysthefishandgamelaws,notbecauseheisliabletobepunishedasaviolator,butbecauseheknowthatinthemaintheselawsaremadeforhisbestinterests.Thefollowingaresomeofthethingsthatthosewhowouldqualifyformembershipinthesportsmanshipfraternity(圈内人)willdo.1.Takenomoregamethanthebaglimitprovidedforbythefishandgamelaws.Thepersonwhocomesbackfromatripboastingaboutthelargenumberoffishorgametakenisnotasportsmanbutagamehog(贪得无厌的捕猎者).2.Observetheunwrittenrulesoffairplay.Thismeansshootinggamebirdsonlywhenthebirdsare“onthewing”.Forthesamereason,donotuseashotguntoshootarabbitorsimilaranimalwhileitissittingorstandingstill.3.Becarefulinremovingillegalorundersizedfishfromthehook.Thisshouldbedoneonlyafterwettingthehands.Thisisnecessarybecausethebodyofthefishiscoveredwithathin,protectivefilmwhichwillstickto

343yourdryhands.Ifthehandsaredrywhenthefishishandled,thefilmistornfromthebodyofthefish.Withouttheprotectivefilm,thefishismoreeasilyattackedbydiseases.Ifyouwishtoreleaseafishthatishookedinsuchawaythatitwillbeimpossibletoclosetothehookasconvenient.Inaremarkablyshorttime,thehookwillbreakdownandthefishwillremainalmostunharmed.Fishhavebeenknowntofeedsuccessfullywhilehookswerestillintheirlips.4.Besureoftheidentityofyourtargetbeforeyoushoot.Manyusefulandharmlessspeciesofwildlifearethoughtlesslykilledbytheuninformedpersonwhoisoutwithaguntokillwhateverflieswithinrange.S1.Inwhatrespectdoestheauthorthinkindividualoutdoorsportsaresimilartoathleticcontests?__________.S2.Apersonwhogoesoutfishingwithafishingrodorhuntingwithagunisnotnecessarily_________.S3.What’sthemostimportantthingatruesportsmanshouldbearinmindwhenhegoesfishingorhunting_______.S4.Thosewhoviolatethefishandgamelawswillnotbe______formembershipinthesportsmanshipfraternityS5.Whatarepeoplecalledwhentheybreakthebaglimitandboastabouttheirbigcatch?_________S6.Atruesportsmanwillnotshootananimalwhichisnot______S7.Whatarepeopleadvisedtodobeforetheyremoveillegalorundersizedfishfromthehook?_______S8.Whatshouldsportsmandotoavoidkillingrarespeciesofwildlife?________PartvWriting(15minutes)Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayinhonorofteachersontheoccasionofTeacher’sDay.youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow：1、向老师致以节日祝贺2、从一件难忘的事回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献3、我如何回报老师的关爱2005年6月四级试题详解05年6月四级A卷参考答案PartIListeningSectionA1.DThetoolsthemanborrowedfromthewomanaremissing.2.CHandintheringtothesecurityoffice.3.BBuyherowncomputer.4.DThemanadviseshisdaughtertothinkcarefullybeforemakeherdecision.5.AThecinemaissomedistanceawayfromwheretheyare.

3446.AHe’sbeentoSeattlemanytimes.7.CManagerandofficeworker.8.BShethinksthelecturemightbeinformative.9.CAcollegecampus.10.DThemanisunwillingtotakealookatthehouseforsale.SectionB11.DElectricity.12.AAirtrafficconditions.13.BCarrylittleluggage.14.CAtacountryfair.15.AAvoideatinganyfood.16.BBehindhisback.17.BEatingfromtheoutsidetowardthemiddle.18.ABeauty.19.CItwasthoughabloodvesselinthatfingerleddirectlytotheheart.20.BThetwopeoplecanlearnabouteachother’slikesanddislikes.PartIIReading21.CItwillreducethenation’soilimports.22.AbelievesthatdrillingforoilinANWRwillproducehighyields.23.BItcandolittletosolveU.S.energyproblems.24.CDon’tbetoooptimistic.25.Aremainsacontroversialissue.26.BThewordspeopleusecaninfluencetheirbehavior.27.Dtreattheirrivalsasenemies.28.DHewethisglovesbyrubbingthemacrosshisT-shirt.29.Adeliberatelythrowtheballatanyoneillegallyblockingtheirway.30.Cchangingtheattitudeofplayersonthesportsfield.31.Btheclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearordeceiving.32.Dstilldon’tknowtheexactimpactofdifferentproductsontheenvironment.33.CexamineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandards.34.BConsumersfinditdifficulttotellthetruefromthefalse.35.AmakeproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirements.36.Bprotectitfromirresponsibledevelopment.

34537.AthepopulationinthePoconoareaisgrowing.38.CCooperationwiththelocalresidentsandbusinessleaders.39.DThesettingupofalocalNatureConservancybranchinthePoconoarea.40.Canadvertisement.PartIIIVocabulary41.Bedit42.Ddull43.Ccomeout44.Atension45.Bhorrible46.Cworth47.Aabsorbed48.Dbridge49.Aignore50.Bscene51.Aretain52.Cbalance53.Bshift54.Dcontent55.Dinto56.Aeffective57.Csounds58.Dbringdown59.Bawarded60.Dharmony61.Aatall62.Cwith63.Dspace64.Binserted65.Aaccess66.Drun67.Apriorto68.Dconfronted69.Broughly70.CunlessPartIVShortAnswerQuestionsS1SportsmanshipS2asportsmanS3obeyingthefishandgamelawsS4qualifiedS5gamehogs/thegamehogS6uselessandharmfulS7wettingthehandsS8Besureoftheidentityoftheirtargets/BethoughtfulandinformedPartIListeningComprehension1DThetoolsthemanborrowedfromthewomanaremissing.2CHandintheringtothesecurityoffice.3BBuyherowncomputer4DThemanadviseshisdaughtertothinkcarefullybeforemakingherdecision.5AThecinemaissomedistanceawayfromwheretheyare.6AHe’sbeentoSeattlemanytimes.7CManagerandofficeworker.8BShethinksthelecturemightbeinformative9CAcollegecampus10DThemanisunwillingtotakealookatthehousesforsale

34611DElectricity12AAirtrafficconditions13BCarrylittleluggage14CAtacountyfair15AAvoideatinganyfood16BBehindhisback17BEatingfromtheoutsidetowardthemiddle18ABeauty19CItwasthoughtabloodvesselinthatfingerleddirectlytotheheart20BThetwopeoplecanhavetimetodecideiftheyareagoodmatchPartIIReadingComprehension21CItwillhelpreducethenation’soilimports22AbelievesthatdrillingforoilinANWRwillproducehighyields23BitcandolittletosolveU.S.energyproblems24CDon’tbetoooptimistic25Aremainsacontroversialissue26BThewordspeopleusecaninfluencetheirbehavior27Dtreattheirrivalsasenemies28DHewethisglovesbyrubbingthemacrosshisT-shirt29Adeliberatelythrowtheballatanyoneillegallyblockingtheirway30cchangingtheattitudeofplayersonthesportsfield31Btheclaimsmadebyproductsareoftenunclearordeceiving32Dstilldonotknowtheexactimpactofdifferentproductsontheenvironment33CexamineclaimsmadebyproductsagainstISOstandards34BConsumersfinditdifficulttotellthetruefromthefalse35AmakeproductlabelingsatisfyISOrequirements36Bprotectitfromirresponsibledevelopment37AthepopulationinthePoconoareaisgrowing38CCooperationwiththelocalresidentsandbusinessleaders39DThesettingupofalocalNatureConservancybranchinthePoconoarea40DaresearchreportPartIIIVocabulary41Bedit42Ddull43Ccomeout44Atension45Bhorrible

34746Cworth47Aabsorbed48Dbridge49Aignore50Bscene51Aretain52Cbalance53Bshift54Dcontent55Dinto56Aeffective57Csounds58Dbringdown59Bawarded60Dharmony61Aatall62Cwith63Dspace64Binserted65Aaccess66Drun67Apriorto68Dconfronted69Broughly70CunlessPartIVShortAnswerQuestionsS1.BothofthemareincommonwithsportsmanshipS2.asportsmanS3.Toobeythelaw.S4.qualifiedS5.Agamehog.S6.movingS7.Towettheirhands.S8.Theyshouldknowtheidentityofthetarget.2005年1月四级试题PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbepause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithalinethroughthecenter.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)Attheoffice.C)Attheairport.B)Inthewaitingroom.D)Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)"Attheoffice"isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Themanenjoystravelingbycar.B)Themanlivesfarfromthesubway.

348C)Themanisgoodatdriving.D)Themanusedtoownacar.2.A)Tonyshouldcontinuetakingthecourse.B)SheapprovesofTony'sdecision.C)Tonycanchooseanothersciencecourse.D)Shecan'tmeetTonysoearlyinthemorning,3.A)Shehastostudyfortheexam.B)Sheisparticularlyinterestedinplays.C)She'seagertowatchthenewplay.D)Shecanlendhernotestotheman.4.A)Theywillbereplacedbyon-lineeducationsoonerorlater.B)Theywillattractfewerkidsason-lineeducationexpands.C)Theywillcontinuetoexistalongwithon-lineeducation.D)Theywilllimittheirteachingtocertainsubjectsonly.5.A)Moststudentswouldliketoworkforanewspaper.B)Moststudentsfindajobbyreadingadvertisements.C)Moststudentsfindithardtogetajobaftertheygraduate.D)Moststudentsdon'twantjobsadvertisedinthenewspapers.6.A)Movethewashingmachinetothebasement.B)Turnthebasementintoaworkshop.C)Repairthewashingmachine.D)Finishhisassignment.7.A)Somestudentsatthebackcannotheartheprofessor.B)Theprofessorhaschangedhisreadingassignment.C)Someofthestudentsarenotontheprofessor'slist.D)Theprofessorhasbroughtextracopiesofhisassignment.8.A)Shedoesn'twanttotalkaboutthecontest.B)She'smodestabouthersuccessinthecontest.C)She'sspenttwoyearsstudyingEnglishinCanada.D)She'sveryproudofhersuccessinthespeechcontest.9.A)Talkingaboutsports.B)Writinguplocalnews.C)Readingnewspapers.

349D)Puttingupadvertisements.10.A)Theyshouldn'tchangetheirplan.B)They'dbetterchangetheirmind.C)Thetennisgamewon'tlastlong.D)WeatherforecastsarenotreliableSectionBCompoundDictation注意：听力理解的B节(SectionB)为复合式听写(CompoundDictation)，题目在试卷二上。PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Scratchythroats,stuffynosesandbodyachesallspellmisery,butbeingabletotellifthecauseisacoldorflu(流感)maymakeadifferenceinhowlongthemiserylasts.TheAmericanLungAssociation(ALA)hasissuednewguidelinesoncombatingcoldsandtheflu,andoneofthekeysisbeingabletoquicklytellthetwoapart.That'sbecausetheprescriptiondrugsavailableforthefluneedtobetakensoonaftertheillnesssetsin.Asforcolds,thesoonerapersonstartstakingover-the-counterremedy,thesoonerreliefwillcome.Thecommoncoldandthefluarebothcausedbyviruses.Morethan200virusescancausecoldsymptoms,whilethefluiscausedbythreeviruses--fluA,BandC.Thereisnocureforeitherillness,buttheflucanbepreventedbythefluvaccine(疫苗),whichis,formostpeople,thebestwaytofighttheflu,accordingtotheALA.Butifthefludoesstrike,quickactioncanhelp.Althoughthefluandcommoncoldhavemanysimilarities,therearesomeobvioussignstolookfor.Coldsymptomssuchasstuffynose,runnynoseandscratchythroattypicallydevelopgradually,andadultsandteensoftendonotgetafever.Ontheotherhand,feverisoneofthecharacteristicfeaturesofthefluforallages.Andingeneral,flusymptomsincludingfeverandchills,sorethroatandbodyachescomeonsuddenlyandaremoreseverethancoldsymptoms.TheALAnotesthatitmaybeparticularlydifficulttotellwheninfantsandpreschoolagechildrenhavetheflu.Itadvisesparentstocallthedoctoriftheirsmallchildrenhaveflu-likesymptoms.Bothcoldandflusymptomscanbeeasedwithover-the-countermedicationsaswell.However,childrenandteenswithacoldorflushouldnottakeaspirinforpainreliefbecauseoftheriskofReyesyndrome(

350综合症),ararebutseriousconditionoftheliverandcentralnervoussystem.Thereis,ofcourse,novaccineforthecommoncold.Butfrequenthandwashingandavoidingclosecontactwithpeoplewhohavecoldscanreducethelikelihoodofcatchingone.11.Accordingtotheauthor,knowingthecauseofthemiserywillhelp____.A)shortenthedurationoftheillnessB)thepatientbuysmedicineoverthecounterC)thepatientobtaincheaperprescriptiondrugsD)preventpeoplefromcatchingcoldsandtheflu12.Welearnfromthepassagethat____.A)onedoesn'tneedtotakeanymedicineifhehasacoldorthefluB)aspirinshouldnotbeincludedinover-the-countermedicinesforthefluC)delayedtreatmentofthefluwillharmtheliverandcentralnervoussystemD)over-the-counterdrugscanbetakentoeasethemiserycausedbyacoldortheflu13.Accordingtothepassage,tocombattheflueffectively,_____.A)oneshouldidentifytheviruswhichcausesitB)oneshouldconsultadoctorassoonaspossibleC)oneshouldtakemedicineuponcatchingthediseaseD)oneshouldremainalertwhenthediseaseisspreading14.Whichofthefollowingsymptomswilldistinguishtheflufromacold?A)Astuffynose.B)Ahightemperature.C)Asorethroat.D)Adrycough15.Ifchildrenhaveflu-likesymptoms,theirparents_____.A)areadvisednottogivethemaspirinB)shouldwatchoutforsignsofReyesyndromeC)areencouragedtotakethemtohospitalforvaccinationD)shouldpreventthemfrommixingwithpeoplerunningafeverPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.InatimeoflowacademicachievementbychildrenintheUnitedStates,manyAmericansareturningtoJapan,acountryofhighacademicachievementandeconomicsuccess,forpossibleanswers.However,theanswersprovidedbyJapanesepreschoolsarenottheonesAmericansexpectedtofind.InmostJapanese

351preschools,surprisinglylittleemphasisisputonacademicinstruction.Inoneinvestigation,300Japaneseand210Americanpreschoolteachers,childdevelopmentspecialists,andparentswereaskedaboutvariousaspectsofearlychildhoodeducation.Only2percentoftheJapaneserespondents(答问卷者)listed"togivechildrenagoodstartacademically"asoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Incontrast,overhalftheAmericanrespondentschose-thisasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.Topreparechildrenforsuccessfulcareersinfirstgradeandbeyond,Japaneseschoolsdonotteachreading,writing,andmathematics,butratherskillssuchaspersistence,concentration,andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup,ThevastmajorityofyoungJapanesechildrenaretaughttoreadathomebytheirparents.IntherecentcomparisonofJapaneseandAmericanpreschooleducation,91percentofJapaneserespondentschoseprovidingchildrenwithagroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreereasonsforasocietytohavepreschools.Sixty-twopercentofthemoreindividuallyoriented(强调个性发展的)Americanslistedgroupexperienceasoneoftheirtopthreechoices.AnemphasisontheimportanceofthegroupseeninJapaneseearlychildhoodeducationcontinuesintoelementaryschooleducation.LikeinAmerica,thereisdiversityinJapaneseearlychildhoodeducation.SomeJapanesekindergartenshavespecificaims,suchasearlymusicaltrainingorpotentialdevelopment.Inlargecities,somekindergartensareattachedtouniversitiesthathaveelementaryandsecondaryschools.SomeJapaneseparentsbelievethatiftheiryoungchildrenattendauniversity-basedprogram,itwillincreasethechildren'schancesofeventuallybeingadmittedtotop-ratedschoolsanduniversities.SeveralmoreprogressiveprogramshaveintroducedfreeplayasawayoutfortheheavyintellectualizinginsomeJapanesekindergartens.16.WelearnfromthefirstparagraphthatmanyAmericansbelieve____.A)JapaneseparentsaremoreinvolvedinpreschooleducationthanAmericanparentsB)Japan'seconomicsuccessisaresultofitsscientificachievementsC)JapanesepreschooleducationemphasizesacademicinstructionD)Japan'shighereducationissuperiortotheirs17.MostAmericanssurveyedbelievethatpreschoolsshould'alsoattachimportanceto_____.A)problemsolvingB)groupexperienceC)parentalguidanceD)individually-orienteddevelopment18.InJapan'spreschooleducation,thefocusisonA)preparingchildrenacademicallyB)developingchildren'sartisticinterestsC)tappingchildren'spotentialD)shapingchildren'scharacter19.FreeplayhasbeenintroducedinsomeJapanesekindergartensinorderto______.A)broadenchildren'shorizonB)cultivatechildren'screativityC)lightenchildren'sstudyloadD)enrichchildren'sknowledge

35220.WhydosomeJapaneseparentssendtheirchildrentouniversitybasedkindergartens?A)Theycandobetterintheirfuturestudies.B)Theycanaccumulatemoregroupexperiencethere.C)Theycanbeindividuallyorientedwhentheygrowup.D)Theycanhavebetterchancesofgettingafirst-rateeducation.PassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Leaddeposits,whichaccumulatedinsoilandsnowduringthe1960'sand70's,wereprimarilytheresultofleadedgasolineemissionsoriginatingintheUnitedStates.InthetwentyyearsthattheCleanAirActhasmandatedunleadedgasuseintheUnitedStates,theleadaccumulationworldwidehasdecreasedsignificantly.AstudypublishedrecentlyinthejournalNatureshowsthatair-borneleadedgasemissionsfromtheUnitedStatesweretheleadingcontributortothehighconcentrationofleadinthesnowinGreenland.ThenewstudyisaresultofthecontinuedresearchledbyDr.CharlesBoutron,anexpertontheimpactofheavymetalsontheenvironmentattheNationalCenterforScientificResearchinFrance.AstudybyDr.Boutronpublishedin1991showedthatleadlevelsinarctic(北极的)snowweredeclining.Inhisnewstudy,Dr.BoutronfoundtheratiosofthedifferentformsofleadintheleadedgasolineusedintheUnitedStatesweredifferentfromtheratiosofEuropean,AsianandCanadiangasolinesandthusenabledscientiststodifferentiate(分区)theleadsources.ThedominantleadratiofoundinGreenlandsnowmatchedthatfoundingasolinefromtheUnitedStates.InastudypublishedinthejournalAmbio,scientistsfoundthatleadlevelsinsoilintheNortheasternUnitedStateshaddecreasedmarkedlysincetheintroductionofunleadedgasoline.Manyscientistshadbelievedthattheleadwouldstayinsoilandsnowforalongerperiod.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyexaminedsamplesoftheupperlayersofsoiltakenfromthesamesitesof30forestfloorsinNewEngland,NewYorkandPennsylvaniain1980andin1990.Theforestenvironmentprocessedandredistributedtheleadfasterthanthescientistshadexpected.Scientistssaybothstudiesdemonstratethatcertainpartsoftheecosystem(生态系统)respondrapidlytoreductionsinatmosphericpollution,butthatthesefindingsshouldnotbeusedasalicensetopollute.21.ThestudypublishedinthejournalNatureindicatesthat______.A)theCleanAirActhasnotproducedthedesiredresultsB)leaddepositsinarcticsnowareontheincreaseC)leadwillstayinsoilandsnowlongerthanexpectedD)theUSisthemajorsourceofleadpollutioninarcticsnow22.LeadaccumulationworldwidedecreasedsignificantlyaftertheuseofunleadedgasintheUS

353A)wasdiscouragedB)wasenforcedbylawC)wasprohibitedbylawD)wasintroduced23.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthesourceofleadpollutioninGreenland?A)ByanalyzingthedatapublishedinjournalslikeNatureandAmbio.B)Byobservingtheleadaccumulationsindifferentpartsofthearcticarea.C)BystudyingthechemicalelementsofsoilandsnowinNortheasternAmerica.D)Bycomparingthechemicalcompositionsofleadedgasolineusedinvariouscountries.24.TheauthorsoftheAmbiostudyhavefoundthat______.A)forestsgetridofleadpollutionfasterthanexpectedB)leadaccumulationsinforestsaremoredifficulttodealwithC)leaddepositsarewidelydistributedintheforestsoftheUSD)theupperlayersofsoilinforestsareeasilypollutedbyleademissions25.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatscientists______.A)arepuzzledbythemysteryofforestpollutionB)feelrelievedbytheuseofunleadedgasolineC)stillconsiderleadpollutionaproblemD)lacksufficientmeanstocombatleadpollutionPassageFourQuestion26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Exerciseisoneofthefewfactorswithapositiveroleinlong-termmaintenanceofbodyweight.Unfortunately,thatmessagehasnotgottenthroughtotheaverageAmerican,whowouldrathertryswitchingto"light"beerandlow-caloriebreadthanincreasephysicalexertion.TheCentersforDiseaseControl,forexample,foundthatfewerthanone-fourthofoverweightadultswhoweretryingtoshedpoundssaidtheywerecombiningexercisewiththeirdiet.Inrejectingexercise,somepeoplemaybediscouragedtoomuchbycaloric-expenditurecharts;forexample,onewouldhavetobrisklywalkthreemilesjusttoworkoffthe275caloriesinonedeliciousDanishpastry(小甜饼).Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere."Exercisebyitselfisaverytoughwaytoloseweight,"saysYorkOnnen,programdirectorofthePresident'sCouncilonPhysicalFitnessandSports.Still,exercise'ssupportingroleinweightreductionisvital.AstudyattheBostonUniversityMedicalCenterofoverweightpoliceofficersandotherpublicemployeesconfirmedthatthosewhodietedwithoutexerciseregainedalmostalltheiroldweight,whilethosewhoworkedexerciseintotheirdailyroutinemaintainedtheirnewweight.Ifyouhavebeensedentary(极少活动的)anddecidetostartwalkingonemileaday,theaddedexercise

354couldburnanextra100caloriesdaily.Inayear'stime,assumingnoincreaseinfoodintake,youcouldlosetenpounds.Byincreasingthedistanceofyourwalksgraduallyandmakingotherdietaryadjustments,youmayloseevenmoreweight.26.WhatissaidabouttheaverageAmericaninthepassage?A)Theytendtoexaggeratethehealthfuleffectof"light"beer.B)Theyusuallyignoretheeffectofexerciseonlosingweight.C)Theyprefer"light"beerandlow-caloriebreadtootherdrinksandfood.D)Theyknowtheactorsthatplayapositiveroleinkeepingdownbodyweight27.Somepeopledislikeexercisebecause_____.A)theythinkitisphysicallyexhaustingB)theyfindithardtoexercisewhileonadietC)theydon'tthinkitpossibletowalk3mileseverydayD)theyfindconsultingcaloric-expenditurechartstroublesome28."Evenexerciseprofessionalsconcedehalfapointhere"(line3,Para.2)means"They____.A)agreethatthecaloriesinasmallpieceofpastrycanbedifficulttoworkoffbyexerciseB)partiallybelievedietplaysasupportingroleinweightreductionC)arenotfullyconvincedthatdietingcanhelpmaintainone'snewweightD)arenotsufficientlyinformedofthepositiveroleofexerciseinlosingweight29.WhatwasconfirmedbytheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter'sstudy?A)Controllingone'scalorieintakeismoreimportantthandoingexercise.B)Evenoccasionalexercisecanhelpreduceweight.C)Weightreductionisimpossiblewithoutexercise.D)Onecouldlosetenpoundsinayear'stimeifthere'snoincreaseinfoodintake.30.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthisarticle?A)TojustifythestudyoftheBostonUniversityMedicalCenter.B)Tostresstheimportanceofmaintainingproperweight.C)TosupportthestatementmadebyYorkOnnen.D)Toshowthemosteffectivewaytoloseweight.PartⅢVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.31.Themachinelookedlikealarge,______,old-fashionedtypewriter.

355A)forcefulB)clumsyC)intenseD)tricky32.Thoughshebeganher_____bysinginginalocalpopgroup,sheisnowafamousHollywoodmoviestar.A)employmentB)careerC)occupationD)profession33.Withintwoweeksofarrival,allforeignershadto_____withthelocalpolice.A)inquireB)consultC)registerD)profession34.Consideringyoursalary,youshouldbeableto_____atleasttwentydollarsaweek.A)putforwardB)putupC)putoutD)putaside35.Ashehas_____ourpatience,we'llnotwaitforhimanylonger.A)tornB)wastedC)exhaustedD)consumed36.Theseteacherstrytobeobjectivewhenthey___theintegratedabilityoftheirstudents.A)justifyB)evaluateC)indicateD)reckon37.Mrs.Morris'sdaughterisprettyand_____,andmanygirlsenvyher.A)slenderB)lightC)faintD)minor38.Tomorrowthemayoristo____agroupofCanadianbusinessmenonatourofthecity.A)coordinateB)cooperateC)accompanyD)associate39.I'm_____enoughtoknowitisgoingtobeaverydifficultsituationtocompeteagainstthreestrongteams.A)realisticB)consciousC)awareD)radical40.Canyougivemeeventhe____clueastowherehersonmightbe?A)simplestB)slightestC)leastD)utmost41.NormanDaviswillberememberedbymanywith______notonlyasagreatscholarbutalsoasamostdelightfulandfaithfulfriend.A)kindnessB)friendlinessC)warmthD)affection42.Salariesfor_____positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.A)legalB)optionalC)voluntaryD)temporary43.MostpeopleagreethatthepresentroleofwomenhasalreadyaffectedU.S.society,____ithasaffectedthetraditionalroleofmen.A)AboveallB)InallC)AtmostD)Atlast44.Scienceandtechnologyhave____inimportantwaystotheimprovementofagriculturalproduction.A)attachedB)assistedC)contributedD)witnessed45.Asanactorhecouldcommunicateawhole_____ofemotions.A)frameB)rangeC)numberD)scale46.Thisiswhatyoushouldbearinmind:Don't____asalaryincreasebeforeyouactuallygetit.A)hangonB)drawonC)waitonD)counton

35647.Theship'sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated__insteadofmechanically.A)artificiallyB)automaticallyC)manuallyD)synthetically48.Thelittlegirlwassofrightenedthatshejustwouldn't_____hergriponmyarm.A)loosenB)removeC)relieveD)dismiss49.Heneverarrivesontimeandmy____isthathefeelsthemeetingsareuseless.A)preferenceB)conferenceC)inferenceD)reference50.Mrs.Smithwasso_____abouteverythingthatnoservantscouldpleaseher.A)specificB)specialC)preciseD)particular51.Lastnighthesawtwodark_____enterthebuilding,andthentherewastheexplosion.A)featuresB)figuresC)sketchesD)images52.Itisobviousthatthisnewruleisapplicabletoeveryonewithout______.A)exceptionB)exclusionC)modificationD)substitution53.Histemperandpersonalityshowthathecanbecomeasoldierofthetop_____.A)circleB)rankC)categoryD)grade54.Duringthelecture,thespeakeroccasionally__his'pointbyrelatinghisownexperiencesA)illustratedB)hintedC)citedD)displayed55.Onlythosewhocan____tolosetheirmoneyshouldmakehigh-riskinvestments.A)maintainB)sustainC)endureD)afford56.Hefoundthe____mediaattentionintolerableanddecidedtogoabroad.A).sufficientB)constantC)steadyD)plenty57.Therehasbeenacollision__anumberofcarsonthemainmadtotown.A)composingB)consistingC)involvingD)engaging58.__elephantsaredifferentfromwildelephantsinmanyaspects,includingtheirtempers.A)CultivatedB)RegulatedC)CivilD)Tame59.Tendaysagotheyoungmaninformedhisbossofhisintentionto_____.A)resignB)rejectC)retreatD)replace60.Asoneoftheworld'shighestpaidmodels,shehadherface_____forfivemilliondollars.A)depositedB)assuredC)measuredD)insuredPartⅣCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Wisebuyingisapositivewayinwhichyoucanmakeyourmoneygofurther.The61yougoabout

357purchasinganarticleoraservicecanactually62youmoneyorcanadd63thecost.Takethe64exampleofahairdryer.Ifyouarebuyingahairdryer,youmight65thatyouaremakingthe66buyifyouchooseone67lookyoulikeandwhichisalsothecheapest68price.Butwhenyougetithomeyoumayfindthatit69twiceaslongasamoreexpensive70todryyourhair.Thecostoftheelectricityplusthecostofyourtimecouldwell71yourhairdryerthemostexpensiveoneofall.Sowhatprinciplesshouldyou72whenyougoonshopping?Ifyou73yourhome,yourcaroranyvaluable74inexcellentcondition,you'llbesavingmoneyinthelong75.Beforeyoubuyanew76,talktosomeonewhoownsone.Ifyoucan,useitorborrowittocheckitsuitsyourparticular77.Beforeyoubuyanexpensive78,oraservice,docheckthepriceand79isonofferpossible,choose80threeitemsorthreeestimates.61.A)formB)fashionC)wayD)method62.A)saveB)preserveC)raiseD)retain63.A)upB)toC)inD)on64.A)easyB)singleC)simpleD)similar65.A)convinceB)acceptC)examineD)think66.A)properB)bestC)reasonableD)most67.A)itsB)whichC)whoseD)what68.A)forB)withC)inD)on69.A)spendsB)takesC)lastsD)consumes70.A)modeB)copyC)sampleD)model71.A)causeB)makeC)leaveD)prove72.A)adoptB)layC)stickD)adapt73.A)reserveB)decorateC)storeD)keep74.A)productsB)possessionC)materialD)ownership75.A)runB)intervalC)periodD)time76.A)applianceB)equipmentC)utilityD)facility77.A)functionB)purposeC)goalD)task78.A)componentB)elementC)itemD)particle79.A)whatB)whichC)thatD)this80.A)ofB)inC)byD)from

358试卷二PartⅠSectionBCompounddictationDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfromS1toS7withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.ForblanksnumberedfromS8toS10youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Therearealotofgoodcamerasavailableatthemoment-mostofthesearemadeinJapanbuttherearealsogood(S1)__modelsfromGermanyandtheUSA.Wehave(S2)_______arangeofdifferentmodelstoseewhichisthebest(S3)______formoney.Afteranumberofdifferenttestsandinterviewswithpeoplewhoare(S4)______withthedifferentcamerasbeingassessed,ourresearchers(S5)_______theOlympicBYmodelasthebestauto-focuscameraavailableatthemoment.Itcosts$200althoughyoumaywellwanttospendmore(S6)______asmuchasanother$200-onbuying(S7)______lensesandotherequipment.ItisagoodJapanesecamera,easytouse.(S8)_________________________________________whereastheAmericanversionsareconsiderablymoreexpensive.TheOlympicBYmodelweighsonly320gramswhichisquiteabitlessthanothercamerasofasimilartype.Indeedoneoftheothermodelswelookedatweighedalmosttwiceasmuch.(S9)________________________________________Allthepeopleweinterviewedexpressedalmosttotalsatisfactionwithit.(S10)____________________________________________.PartⅤWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacampaignspeechinsupportofyourelectiontothepostofchairmanofthestudentunion.Youshouldwriteatleast120words.FollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.你认为自己具备了什么条件(能力，性格，爱好等)可以胜任学生会主席的工作2.如果当选，你将会为本校同学做什么ACampaignspeech2005年1月四级试题详解PartIListeningComprehension听力原文(划线部分为答案依据)1.W:You'vesoldyourcar.Youdon'tneedone?M:Notreally,liveneverlikeddriveanyway.Nowwe'dmovedtoaplacenearthesubwayentrance.We

359cangetaboutquiteconvenientlyQ:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?2.M:I'mgoingtodropmyInformationScienceclass.Itneedstooearlyinthemorning.W:Isthatreallythegoodreasontodroptheclass,Tony?Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?3.M:Ifyouaren'tdoinganythingparticular,shallweseethenewplayatthegrandtheatertonight?W:Soundsgreat.ButI'vegottogoovermynotesfortomorrow'smidterm.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?4.M:Whatdoyouthinkoftheprospectsforonlineeducation?Isitgoingtoreplacethetraditionalschool?W:Idoubtit.Schoolsareheretostay,becausetherearemuchmorethanjustbooklearning.Eventhoughmoreandmorekidsaregoingonline,Ibelievefewerofthemwillquitschoolaltogether.O:Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheconventionalschools?5.M:Howdomoststudentsfindajobaftertheygraduate?W:Theyusuallylookforajobbysearchingthewantadsatthenewspapers.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?6.M:Allenisinthebasementtryingtorepairthewashingmachine.W:Shouldn'thebeworkingonhistermpaper?Q:WhatdoeswomanthinkAllenShoulddo?7.W:ProfessorNewman,afewofusatthebackdidn'tgetacopyofyourreadingassignment.M:Well,there'reonly38namesonmyclasslist.AndIdidn'tbringanysparecopies.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?8.W:Congratulations,Liming,youarethetalkofthetownattheprideofourclassnow.M:IfyouarereferringtomywinningtheEnglishspeechcontest,Idon'tthinkit'ssuchabigdeal.YouknowI'vespenttwosummervacationslearningEnglishinCanada.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutLimingfromtheconversation?9.M:Wouldyoupassmethesportssectionplease?W:Sure,ifyougivemetheclassifiedadsandlocal-newssection.Q:Whatarethespeakersdoing?10.W:Iftheweatheristhishottomorrow,wemayaswellgiveuptheidealofplayingtennisintheafternoon.M:Oh,Idon'tthinkit'lllastlong.Theweatherforecastsaysitwillcloudoverbymid-afternoonQ:Whatdoesthemanmean?1.[D]对话中男士卖掉车的原因是他不喜欢到那儿都开车去，并且现在搬到了离地铁站很近的地方，出行很方便不再需要汽车。四个选项中只有D项“他曾经拥有一辆汽车”是符合实际情况的。

3602.[A]对话中男士说要放弃一门理科课程，因为这门课程上课太早，而女士责问道：“这是放弃的很好理由吗?”，言外之意是A项“托尼应该继续去听课”。3.[A]当男士邀请女士去看新戏剧时，女士由于忙于准备明天的期中考试(goovermynotesfortomorrow'smidterm)而未能同行，由此可知答案A是正确的。4.对话中女士对“网络教育是否能取代传统教育”的问题持“怀疑”态度，她一方面承认“更多的孩子会上网学习”，另一方面她也认为“在学校不仅只是学习书本知识(极少的孩子会放弃学校教育)。由此可以得出“学校教育将会与网络教育并存”的结论。5.[B]“searchingthewantadsinthenewspapers”很显然是“在报纸上搜索需求广告”，“ads”即“advertisements”，是本题理解的关键。6.[D]从“shouldn’t”引导的句型及语气来看，正确答案应为其后面的内容，因此爱伦的当务之急是“完成作业”。7.[C]从对话中可知教授的名册上只有38个名字，而他相应地带来38份阅读作业材料，导致后排的几个同学没能领到材料。由此可以推断“教授的名册上漏掉了几个同学”。8.[B]赢得英语口语比赛的Liming不认为这是一件“了不起”的事。她“花了两个暑假的时间在加拿大学英语”,由此看来,她对这此比赛的态度是“谦虚的;适度的。”9.[C]“sportssection”“classifiedads”“local-newssection”这些关键词指明他们是在阅读报纸。10.[A]对话中女士说“如果明天的天气太热就会取消明天下午网球比赛”，男士说“天气预报预告下午会多云”，由此可以SectionBCompoundDictationTherearealotofgoodcamerasavailableatthemoment--mostofthesearemadeinJapanbuttherearealsogood(S1)qualitymodelsfromGermanyandtheUSA.Wehave(S2)investigatedarangeofdifferentmodelstoseewhichisthebest(S3)valueformoney.Afteranumberofdifferenttestsandinterviewswithpeoplewhoare(S4)familiarwiththedifferentcamerasbeingassessed,ourresearchers(S5)recommendtheOlympicBYmodelasthebestauto-focuscameraavailableatthemoment.Itcosts$200althoughyoumaywellwanttospendmore--(S6)perhapsasmuchasanother$200--onbuying(S7)additionallensesandotherequipment.ItisagoodJapanesecamera,easytouse.(S8)EquivalentGermanmodelstendtobeheavierandslightlylesseasytouse,whereastheAmericanversionsareconsiderablymoreexpensive.TheOlympicBYmodelweighsonly320gramswhichisquiteabitlessthanothercamerasofasimilartype.Indeedoneoftheothermodelswelookedatweighedalmosttwiceasmuch.(S9)Similarly,itissmallerthanmostofitscompetitors,thusfittingeasilyintoapocketorahandbag.Allthepeopleweinterviewedexpressedalmosttotalsatisfactionwithit.(SIO)theonlyproblemwastheslightlyawkwardnessinloadingthefilm.PartIIReadingComprehension

361Passage1全文翻译喉咙发痒、鼻子堵塞、全身酸痛都会让人感觉糟糕，但是从这些症状并不能判断是由伤风感冒引起的还是由流感引起的，但能判断这种糟糕的感觉会持续多久。美国肺脏协会针对战胜伤风感冒和流感问题发布了新的指导方针：，关键就是能把二者很快地区分开来。这是因为用于治疗流感的处方药需要在得病后不久服用，而对于伤风感冒来说，越早服用非处方药情况越好。普通的伤风感冒和流感都是由病毒引起的。200多种病毒都可以引起感冒症状，而流感是由A、B、C这三种病毒引起的。这二种病状都没有治愈的方法，但是根据美国肺脏协会的建议，对于大多数人来说预防流感的最好方法是注射流感疫苗。得了流感后，快速的行动是有效的。虽然伤风感冒和流感有许多共同之处，但是也有许多明显的标志可以区分。鼻子堵塞、流鼻涕、喉咙发痒等伤风症状是逐渐出现并发展的，成年人和十多岁的人都不会发烧。另一方面，对于任何年龄段来讲发烧是流感的显著特征之一。总的来说，流感症状比伤风感冒更严重，流感症状包括发烧、发冷、喉咙肿痛、突然的全身酸痛。美国肺脏协会指出，判断婴儿和学前儿童的流感是尤其困难的。他建议如果小孩子出现了流感相似症状，父母要马上带他们去看医生。伤风感冒和流感都可以服用非处方药来缓解。但是，儿童和十多岁的孩子不能服用阿司匹林来缓解伤风流感带来的疼痛，因为这有可能导致Reye综合症，会使肝脏和中枢神经系统处于少见的严重状态。当然，没有疫苗可以防治普通感冒。但是勤洗手、避免和感冒者的密切接触可以减少得病的可能性。试题详解11.细节题。依据文章第一段可知“喉咙发痒、鼻子堵塞、全身酸痛都会让人感觉糟糕，但是从这些症状并不能判断是由伤风感冒引起的还是由流感引起的，能判断这种糟糕的感觉会持续多久”由此可直接选出正确答案是A。12.细节题。由第七段第一句可知D项正确。A选项与第二段内容不符；B项内容文中未提到；C选项与第七段内容不符。13.细节题,正确答案是C。。第二段都是在讲及时服药的重要性。A选项是不现实的；B选项文中只有提及婴儿和学前儿童时才适用；D项“在疾病扩散蔓延时保持机敏”文中没有直接体现。14.细节题,正确答案是B。。从第五段第二句可知“对于任何年龄段来讲发烧是流感的显著特征之—”。15.细节题,正确答案是A。第七段第二句直接指明了:儿童和十多岁的孩子不能服用阿司匹林来缓解伤风流感带来的疼痛，因为这有可能导致Reye综合症，会使肝脏和中枢神经系统处于少见的严重状态。

362Passage2全文翻译考虑到美国儿童学业成绩较低的情况，许多美国人试着把孩子送到日本读书，那里经济发达而且儿童学业成绩不错。然而，日本学前教育的情况并不像美国家长所期待的那样。在大多数的日本学前班里，教授知识仅占很小的比重。在一项调查中，300名日本老师和210名美国教师、儿童发展专家和家长被问及早期儿童教育的不同方面问题。在回答设立学前班的目的时只有2%的日本被调查者把“提供给孩子良好的知识基础”列为目的的前三位，与之相对比的是，有半数以上的美国被调查者把此项列为学前教育目的的前三位。为使孩子在一年级和以后的阶段里有好的表现，日本学校并不教授阅读、写作和数学，而是强调培养孩子的毅力、注意力和团队合作能力，绝大多数的日本儿童在家里由父母来教授阅读。在最近对美国和日本学前教育的比较中，91%的日本被调查者把提供给孩子团队经验作为设立学前教育目的的前三位，而更加强调个性发展的美国人中此比例只占62%。这种日本早期教育中对团队重要性的强调一直持续到小学教育。和美国一样，日本早期教育也呈现出多样性。一些日本幼儿园有特殊的目标，例如早期的音乐训练和潜能开发。在大城市，幼儿园、小学和初中成为大学的附属校。一些日本家长认为如果把孩子送到这种大学的附属校，会提高孩子最终被顶级学校和大学录取的机会。更有甚者，几个学校把自由玩耍作为突破个别日本幼儿园对学业知识过于注重的方式。试题详解16.细节题。从第一段的前三句话中我们可以很容易地看出“美国儿童学业成绩较低的情况，许多美国人试着把孩子送到日本读书，那里经济发达而且儿童学业成绩不错。然而，日本学前教育的情况并不像美国家长所期待的那样。在大多数的日本学前班里，知识的教授仅占很小的比重。”故C正确。17.细节题。这道题从第二段的第二句可以直接选出答案B。18.推理判断题。A选项与全文的中心思想不符；B、C选项是片面的概括；D选项把文中提到的“persistence，concentration，andtheabilitytofunctionasamemberofagroup”很好的概括为“shapingchildren'scharacter”，故D为正确的选项。19.细节题。此题可以从全文的最后一句话得出答案。其他三个选项“扩大孩子的视野”“培养孩子的创造力”和“丰富孩子的知识”文中无明确的说明。20.细节题。此题可以从全文的最后一段的第四句话得出答案。其中“top-rated”与“first-rate"意思相同。Passage3全文翻译在二十世纪六七十年代堆积在土壤和雪中的铅的沉积是起源于美国的含铅汽油散发的主要结果。空气洁净法要求使用不含铅的汽油，在执行此法案的二十年里，全球范围内铅的沉积现象大大减少。

363最近一份由《自然》杂志刊出的报告指出，美国含铅汽油的散发是格陵兰岛雪中铅含量过高的主要原因。这项新的研究是CharlesBoutron博士不断研究的结果，他是法国国家科学研究中心研究环境中重金属影响方面的专家。在1991年他发表的一项研究表明北极雪中铅的含量正在降低。在他的新研究中，Boutron博土发现在美国使用的含铅汽油中不同种铅的比率与在欧洲、亚洲和加拿大使用的含铅汽油中铅的比率是不同的，这能使科学家找出铅的来源。在格陵兰岛雪中铅含量的比率与美国汽油中铅含量的比率相吻合。在Ambio杂志刊登的一项研究中，科学家们发现自从使用了不含铅汽油后，美国东北部土壤中铅的含量有了显著的下降。许多科学家认为，沉积在土壤和雪中的铅将会存在较长的时间。在1980年和1990年，在Ambio杂志刊登这份研究的作者检验了新英格兰、纽约和宾夕法尼亚州30个森林层相同地点的表层土样本。森林环境的处理和铅的再分布速度出乎科学家们的意料之外。科学家们说，这两项研究表明部分生态系统会对空气污染的减少做出快速得反映，但这些发现不应该被用作污染的借口。试题详解21.细节题。A选项与第一段第二句话的意思相悖；B选项中“ontheincrease”与文中“decline”不符；C选项不是《自然》杂志刊出的；由第二段第一句话可知D正确。22.细节题。此题可从第一段第二句话:空气洁净法要求使用不含铅的汽油，在执行此法案的二十年里，全球范围内铅的沉积大大减少;可得出正确答案B。enforce意为“坚持；加强”。23.推理判断题。从第三段第一句话中可以得知各国含铅汽油中铅的比率是不同的，因此通过比较含铅汽油中的化学成分就可以知道污染源。而其他三项：“分析出版物中的数据”;“观察北极地区不同地区铅的沉积情况”;“研究美国东北部土壤和雪中的化学成分”文中未提及。24.细节题。此题可以从第六段“森林环境的处理和铅的再分布速度出乎科学家们的意料之外。”得到正确答案A。25.推理判断题。从最后一段“科学家们说，这两项研究表明部分生态系统会对空气污染的减少做出快速的反映，但这些发现不应该被用作污染的借口。”可以得出科学家们还是把铅污染看作一个问题对待的，对此问题并不是“迷惑的”“解脱的”“没有足够办法的”。Passage4全文翻译运动是少数几个能对长期保持体重起积极效果的因素之一。不幸的是，这一点并没有应用到大多数美国人的生活中去，他们宁愿选择喝低度啤酒、吃低热量的面包而不愿意增加运动量。例如，疾病控制中心发现少于四分之一的美国减肥者能够把运动与节食结合起来。由于拒绝运动，一些人会因热量消耗表而气馁。举例来说，一个人要快步行走三公里来消耗掉一块美味小甜饼所包含的275卡路里。即使专业的训练也仅减少0.5卡路里而已。“仅靠运动本身来减肥是非常艰苦的”，保健和运动的节目主持人YorkOnnen说。

364然而，运动在减肥中的辅助作用是至关重要的。波士顿大学医学中心针对肥胖警察及公共雇员的一项研究表明，不运动的节食者的体重很容易反弹，而把运动纳入到日常生活中来的人可以维持他们现在的体重。如果你缺乏运动而又决定每天步行一公里，那么运动每天可以消耗掉多余的100卡路里。假设你的饮食没有增加，在一年的时间里你可以减掉十镑。通过不断地增加步行的距离和调整饮食，你甚至可以减的更多。试题详解26.细节题。此题可以从第一段的第一、二句找到答案。选项A和C与主题没有直接的联系，D选项没有被明确的提及，而且本文侧重指出“运动是在实际应用中被忽略的”。27.推理判断题。在第二段中，作者提到要减肥就要消耗热量，要消耗热量就要运动，而“运动本身是非常艰苦的”，由此我们可以推断出大多数人不喜欢运动的原因是“生理上的筋疲力尽”。28.推理判断题。这句话的意思是说“一个人要快步行走三公里来消耗掉一块美味小甜饼所包含的275卡路里，即使专业的训练也仅减少0.5卡路里而已。”而A和C选项对“节食”的讨论偏离了文章和此段的主题，是间接引申出来的。D选项“他们没有被充分的告知运动在减肥中的积极作用”是不正确的。29.推理判断题。文中第三段的研究表明“不运动的节食者的体重很容易反弹，而把运动纳入到日常生活中来的人可以维持他们现在的体重”，因此可以自然得出结论“没有运动减肥是不可能的”。A和D选项片面强调了节食的作用，B选项中“occasionalexercise”与文中“workexerciseintotheirdailyroutine”不符。30.推理判断题。通读全篇文章，作者写作的目的是要说明“运动是减肥的最有效方式”。PartⅢVocabularyandStructure31.B。clumsy“笨拙的，粗陋的”，这个词很好的形容了打字机的笨重；forceful“有力的”；intense“强烈的，剧烈的”；tricky“狡猾的，机警的”。[译文]这台机器看起来像一个巨大、简陋而又过时的打字机。32.B。career“事业，生涯”；employment“雇用”；occupation“职业，占有”；profession“职业，专业”。[译文]虽然她是在地方上一个流行歌曲组合里开始她的歌唱生涯的，但是她现在已经是好莱坞著名的电影明星了。33.C。register“登记，纪录”；inquire“询问，问明”，常与of／about／into连用；consult“商议，参考”；profession“职业，专业”，是名词，可以首先排除。[译文]所有的外国人不得不在到达的两个星期内到当地的警察局登记。34.D。putaside“撇开，储蓄…备用”，符合句中“储蓄，存钱”的含义；putforward“提出，推举出”；putup“建造，举起，提供，提名”；putout“放出，伸出”。

365[译文]考虑到你的薪资情况，你每星期至少可以存二十美元。35.C。exhausted“耗尽的，疲惫的”，是exhaust的过去分词；torn“破的”，是tear的过去分词；wasted“废弃的，荒芜的，多余的”；consumed“消耗的，消灭的”，多指具体有形物品的消耗。[译文]既然他已经耗尽了我们的耐心，我们也就不再等他了。36.B。evaluate“评价，估计”，是及物动词，后面可以直接加宾语；justify“证明…是正当的，为…辩护”；indicate“指出，象征”；reckon“计算，估计”，常用的搭配是reckonon／upon“依赖，依靠；对…做出假设，设想…。”[译文]老师在评价学生的综合能力时力图客观。37.A。slender“苗条的”；light“轻的，明亮的”，侧重于重量方面；faint“虚弱的，暗淡的”；minor“较小的，次要的”。[译文]莫里斯太太的女儿既漂亮又苗条，许多女孩都羡慕她。38.C。accompany“陪伴，伴奏”，accompany指“与人结伴，做伴”，常含有彼此之间关系平等之意；coordinate“调整，整理”；cooperate“合作，协作”，cooperatewithsb．Insth．“和某人合作某事”；associate“使联合，交往”，associatewith“和…来往，和…共事，同…联合；(在思想上)同…联系在一起”。[译文]明天市长要陪同一组加拿大商人游览这个城市。39.B。conscious“有意识的，有知觉的”；realistic“现实的，现实主义的，实际的”；aware“知道的，明白的”，常与of连用；radical“根本的，基本的”。[译文]我深深的意识到与这三组实力很强的对手竞争是很困难的。40.B。slightest“最轻微的”，后面可以接诸如“difficulty”“possibility”“clue”等词；simplest“最简单的”；least“最少，最小”；utmost“极限，极力”。[译文]你能给我关于她儿子行踪的哪怕一点点线索吗?41.D。affection“友爱，爱情”，泛指所有的感情；kindness"仁慈，善意”；friendliness“友谊，友善”；warmth“温暖，热情”。[译文]不仅作为一个优秀的学者，还作为一个最开朗忠诚的朋友，诺曼．戴维斯将被很多人深情缅怀。42.D。temporary“暂时的，临时的”，在这里与“permanent”相对应；legal“合法的”；[译文]临时性工作的工资似乎比长期性工作的工资高。43.A。aboveall“首先，最重要”；inall“总共”；atmost“至多”atlast“终于，最后”。[译文]大多数人认为现今美国女性的角色已经影响了美国社会，最重要的是它影响了男性的传统角色。44.C。contribute“捐献，贡献，投稿”，后面常接介词to；attach“隶属，系上”；assist“援助，帮助”，一般用于如下结构中：assistsb．Withsth．／todosth．／indoingsth．“帮助某人做某事”

366；witness“目击，证明”。[译文]科技已经为农业生产的提高做出了重要的贡献。45.B。range“行列，范围”，通常的搭配是arangeof，如：arangeofknowledge即“知识丰富”；frame“结构，体格”；number“数量”；scale“刻度，比例”。[译文]作为一个演员，他感情丰富。46.D。counton“依靠，指望”；hangon“坚持”；drawon“吸收，利用，引进”；waiton“服侍，招待”。[译文]你要牢记：在真能涨工资之前，别指望能涨工资。47.C。manually“用手地”，与文中“mechanically”一词相对应；artificially“人工地”，与“naturally”相对应；automatically“自动地”；synthetically“综合地，合成地”。[译文]这条船的发电机坏了，所以只能用手动去操作抽水泵。48.A。loosen“放松，松开”；remove“迁移，移动”，常与from连用，表示“拿走，撤走，除去”，在此句中要表达“松开”的含义，而不是“拿走”，应该排除；relieve“减轻，解除”，侧重于心理方面；dismiss“解散，解职”。[译文]这个小女孩如此恐惧，以至她一直紧紧抓着我的胳膊。49.C。近形词辨析。这四个词表面看起来很相似，但意思完全不同：inference“推论”；preference“偏爱，优先选择”；conference“会议”；reference“参考，涉及”。[译文]他从没能准时到达，所以我推断她认为这些会议是没用的。50.D。particular“特殊的，尤其的，挑剔的”，beparticularabout“对…挑剔”，与“noservantscouldpleaseher”相对应；specific“明确的，特殊的”；special“特别的，专门的”；precise“精确的，准确的”。[译文]史密斯太太对任何事都很挑剔，没有仆人能够令她满意。51.B。figures“外形，画像，数字”，尤指人的身材；feature“特征，特色，容貌”，侧重人的面部特征；sketches“草图”；image“图像，肖像”。[译文l昨天晚上他看见两个黑影进入了那座大厦，接着就发生了爆炸事件。52.A。exception“例外，异议”，withoutexception“毫无例外地，一律”；exclusion“排除”；modification“修改”；substitution“代替，置换”。[译文]很明显，这个新条例无一例外的适用于每一个人。53.B。rank“等级，阶级”，适用于军衔、职衔、社会阶层等，如：therankandfile“普通士兵”；circle“圆圈，循环”；category“种类，范畴”；grade“等级，级别”，用于学校中的年级、分数等。[译文]他的品性显示出他能够成为最高级别的士兵。54.A。illustrate“阐明，举例说明”，指通过图片、例子等方式系统地论证观点；hint“暗示，提示”；cite“引用，引证”；display“陈列，展示”。

367[译文]讲座中，发言人不断联系自己的经历来阐述他的观点。55.D。afford“提供，给与，供应得起”，常用表达法为affordsth．或affordtodosth．；maintain“保持，维持，支撑”；sustain“支撑，持续”；endure“耐久，忍耐”，指长时间忍受困难或不幸。[译文]只有那些能够输得起钱的人才能从事高风险的投资。56.B。constant“不变的，持续的”；sufficient“充分的，足够的”；steady“稳定的，扎实的”；plenty“大量的”。[译文]他感觉媒体的持续关注是难以忍受的，所以决定出国。57.C。involve“包括，笼罩”，做动词时后面要接动名词；compose“组成，写作”，后面常跟介词of；consist“由…组成”;consistof“由…组成”；engage“从事，雇用”，engagein“参加，从事于”。[译文]汽车的追尾事件发生在去城区的主路上。58.D。tame“驯服的，柔顺的”，在文中与wild相对应；cultivated“有教养的”；regulated“被管制的”；civil“有礼貌的，公民的”。[译文]驯服的大象在脾气等很多方面不同于野生大象。59.A。resign“辞职”；reject“拒绝，抵制”；retreat“撤退，退却”；replace“取代，替换”。[译文]十天前这个年轻人告诉他的老板他有辞职的打算。60.D。insure“给…保险，确保”；deposit“堆积，存放”；assure“保证，担保”；measure“测量，估量”。[译文]作为世界上薪酬最高的模特，她为她的脸上了五百万美元的保险。PartⅣCloze61.C。词义辨析题。way“方式”；form“形态，形式”；fashion“时样，流行”；method“方法”。62.A。搭配题。Savemoney“省钱”；preserve“保存，保持”；raise“升起，提高”；retain“保持，保留”；只有A项正确，其他选项都与句意不符。63.B。介词搭配题。Addto“增加”；addup“合计”；addin“添加”；addon“另外加上去”。64.C。词义辨析题。simple“简单的，朴素的”；easy“容易的”；singe“单一的，孤独的”；similar“相似的，类似的”。句中“takethesimpleexample”意思是“举一个简单的例子”。65.D。语义衔接题。convince“使确信，使信服”；accept“接受”；examine“检查，调查”；think“认为”。66.B。逻辑衔接题。文中提到“如果你用最低廉的价格买到了喜欢的东西”由此可以推断“你自认为做出了最好的选择”。proper“合适的”与reasonable“合理的”都不能表达出“最佳”的含义。67.C。结构衔接题。从这句话的意思可以推断出look的词性为名词，因此前面的关系副词需要形容词性的，因此选择“whose”。“舶”由于不能做关系副词引导定语从句，且中心词前有最高级修饰，排除了省略“that'’的可能性，也可以排除。

36868.C。介词搭配题。Forprice意为“价钱方面”。69.B。结构搭配题。在表达“花费”时，可以用take、spend这两个词，其中spend的主语为人。last指时间上的“持续”。70.D。词义辨析题。这句话的意思是说“你选择了一个更加昂贵的方式弄干头发”。model“样式，模型”；mode“模式，样式”；copy"副本，拷贝”；sample“标本，样品”。71.B。词义辨析题。从词义来看，cause“导致，引起”，leave“离开”，prove“证明”，都与句意不符，make“使得”。72.A。词义辨析题。adopt“采用，收养”；lay“放置，铺设”；stick“粘住，粘贴”；adapt“使适应，改编”。73.D。语义搭配题。从后面的同位语从句“使你的汽车和值钱的东西保持良好的状态”可以推断出前面空白处的意思是“持家”，由此可以选择keep。reserve“储备，保存”；decorate“装饰，装修”；store“储藏，存储”。74.B。词义辨析题。possession“财产”；product“产品”；material“原料，物资”；ownership“所有权，物主身份”。75.A。结构搭配题。Inalongrun是固定搭配，即“长远的”。interval“间隔”；period“时期，周期”。76.A。词义辨析题。appliance“用具，器具”，可以适用于家用；equipment“装备，器材”；utility“效用，有用”；facility“设备，工具”。77.B。词义辨析题。purpose“目的，意图”；function“功能，作用”；goal“目标”；task“任务，作业”。78.C。词义辨析题。item“项目，条款”，与service相对应，只有此项正确，也可从最后一段threeitems得出此项正确；component“成分”；element“要素，元素”；particle“微粒”。79.A。结构搭配题。从句子成分的分析可知，此处需要一个与price相并列的名词性宾语从句，此处what翻译成“所…的”，这里onoffer是“出售中”的意思。80.D。介词搭配题。从这句话的意思可以得知“买东西要货比三家”，此处“从…中选择”需要用介词from。PartⅤWriting范文ACampaignSpeechTodayIamverygladtorunforthepresidentofthestudents'union.IamajuniorinChemicalDepartment.SinceIcameintotheuniversity,Ihavealwaysbeenthemonitorofmyclass.Ihavedoneaverygoodjobformyclassmates.Allmyclassmatesandteachersgavemeagoodpraise.Iamgoodatcommunicationandorganizing.AndIliketohelpothers.Moreover,Ihaveavarietyofhobbies,suchas,

369basketball,football,ping-pong,etc.IamsurethatIamqualifiedforthisposition.IfIbecomethepresident,Iwilltrymybesttodowell.Iwillorganizesomesuitableactivitiesforyou.Iwilldomanythingsforyoutoreachyourdemandsaswell.Isincerelyhopeyouwillgivemeachance.PleasebelievemethatIwillbeagoodpresident.Thankyou.2004年6月四级试题2004年6月四级A卷真题原文及答案PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbepause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithalinethroughthecenter.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)Attheoffice.C)Attheairport.B)Inthewaitingroom.D)Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)"Attheoffice"isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)ThemansawMarkonthestreettwomonthsago.B)ThewomanhadforgottenMark’sphonenumber.C)ThewomanmadeaphonecalltoMarkyesterday.D)Markandthewomanhadnotbeenintouchforsometime.2.A)Themanislateforthetripbecauseheisbusy.B)ThewomanisgladtomeetMr.Browninperson.C)ThemanismeetingthewomanonbehalfofMr.Brown.D)ThewomanfeelssorrythatMr.Brownisunabletocome.3.A)At1030.B)At1025.C)At1040.D)At1045.4.A)Themannolongersmokes.B)Themanisunderpressurefromhiswife.

370C)Themanusuallyfollowshiswife’sadvice.D)Themanrefusestolistentohisdoctor’sadvice.5.A)Movetoabigcity.B)Becomeateacher.C)Gobacktoschool.D)WorkinNewYork.6.A)Quitdeliveringflowers.B)Workatarestaurant.C)Bringherflowerseveryday.D)Leavehisjobtoworkforher.r>7.A)Shecanfindtherightpersontohelptheman.B)Shecanhelpthemanout.C)She’salsoinneedofatextbook.D)Shepickedupthebookfromthebusfloor.8.A)Themanwasconfusedaboutthedateoftheappointment.B)Themanwantstochangethedateoftheappointment.C)Themanisgladhe’sgotintouchwiththedoctor.D)Themancan’tcomefortheappointmentat415.9.A)Thetwospeakersareatalosswhattodo.B)Themanisworriedabouthisfuture.C)Thetwospeakersareseniorsatcollege.D)Thewomanregretsspendinghertimeidly.10.A)Shehaslearnedalotfromthenovel.B)Shealsofoundtheplotdifficulttofollow.C)Sheusuallyhasdifficultyrememberingnames.D)Shecanrecallthenamesofmostcharactersinthenovel.SectionBCompoundDictationDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Thenlistentothepassageagain.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfromS1toS7withtheexactwordsyouharejustheard.ForblanksnumberedS8toS10youarerequiredtofillinmissinginformation.Youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinpourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

371TheLibraryofCongressisAmerica’snationallibrary.Ithasmillionsofbooksandotherobjects.Ithasnewspapers,(S1)_______publicationsaswellaslettersof(S2)______interest.Italsohasmaps,photographs,art(S3)________,movies,soundrecordingsandmusical(S4)______.Alltogether,ithasmorethan100millionobjects.TheLibraryofCongressisopentothepublicMondaythroughSaturday,exceptforpublicholidays.Anyonemaygothereandreadanythinginthecollection.Butnooneis(S5)______totakebooksoutofthebuilding.TheLibraryofCongresswas(S6)_______in1800.ItstartedwithelevenboxesofbooksinoneroomoftheCapitolBuilding.By1814,thecollectionhadincreasedtoabout3,000books.Theywereall(S7)________thatyearwhentheCapitolwasburneddownduringAmerica’swarwithBritain.Tohelpre-buildthelibrary,CongressboughtthebooksofPresidentThomasJefferson.Mr.Jefferson’scollectionincluded7,000booksinsevenlanguages.(S8)_____________________________.Today,threebuildingsholdthelibrary’scollection.(S9)______________________________.Itbuyssomeofitsbooksandgetsothersasgifts.Italsogetsmaterialsthroughitscopyrightoffice.(S10)________________________________.ThismeanstheLibraryofCongressreceivesalmosteverythingthatispublishedintheUnitedStates.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Aisforalwaysgettingtoworkontime.Bisforbeingextremelybusy.Cisfortheconscientious(勤勤恳恳的)wayyoudoyourjob.Youmaybeallthesethingsattheoffice,andmore.Butwhenitcomestogettingahead,expertssay,theABCsofbusinessshouldincludeaP,forpolitics,asinofficepolitics.DaleCarnegiesuggestedasmuchmorethan50yearsagohardworkalonedoesn’tensurecareeradvancement.Youhavetobeabletosellyourselfandyourideas,bothpubliclyandbehindthescenes.Yet,despitetheobviousrewardsofengaginginofficepolitics—abetterjob,araise,praise—manypeoplearestillunable—orunwilling—toplaythegame.Peopleassumethatofficepoliticsinvolvessomemanipulative(工于心计的)behavior,saysDeborahComer,anassistantprofessorofmanagementatHofstraUniversity.Butpoliticsderivesfromtheword

372“polite”.Itcanmeanlobbyingandformingassociations.Itcanmeanbeingkindandhelpful,oreventryingtopleaseyoursuperior,andthenexpectingsomethinginreturn.Infact,today,expertsdefineofficepoliticsasproperbehaviorusedtopursueone’sownself-interestintheworkplace.Inmanycases,thisinvolvessomeformofsocializingwithintheofficeenvironment—notjustinlargecompanies,butinsmallworkplacesaswell.Thefirstthingpeopleareusuallyjudgedonistheirabilitytoperformwellonaconsistentbasis,saysNeilP.Lewis,amanagementpsychologist.Butiftwoorthreecandidatesareupforapromotion,eachofwhomhasreasonablysimilarability,amanagerisgoingtopromotethepersonheorshelikesbest.It’ssimplehumannature.Yet,psychologistssay,manyemployeesandemployershavetroublewiththeconceptofpoliticsintheoffice.Somepeople,theysay,haveanidealisticvisionofworkandwhatittakestosucceed.Stillothersassociatepoliticswithflattery(奉承),fearfulthat,iftheyspeakupforthemselves,theymayappeartobeflatteringtheirbossforfavors.Expertssuggestalteringthisnegativepicturebyrecognizingtheneedforsomeself-promotion.11.Officepolitics(Line2,Para.4)isusedinthepassagetoreferto________.A)thecodeofbehaviorforcompanystaffB)thepoliticalviewsandbeliefsofofficeworkersC)theinterpersonalrelationshipswithinacompanyD)thevariousqualitiesrequiredforasuccessfulcareer12.Togetpromoted,onemustnotonlybecompetentbut______.A)givehisbossagoodimpressionB)honestandloyaltohiscompanyC)getalongwellwithhiscolleaguesD)avoidbeingtoooutstanding13.Whyaremanypeopleunwillingto“playthegame”(Line4,Para.5)?A)Theybelievethatdoingsoisimpractical.B)Theyfeelthatsuchbehaviorisunprincipled.C)Theyarenotgoodatmanipulatingcolleagues.D)Theythinktheeffortwillgetthemnowhere.14.Theauthorconsidersofficepoliticstobe________.A)unwelcomeattheworkplaceB)badforinterpersonalrelationshipsC)indispensabletothedevelopmentofcompanyculture

373D)animportantfactorforpersonaladvancement15.Itistheauthor’sviewthat__________.A)speakingupforoneselfispartofhumannatureB)self-promotiondoesnotnecessarilymeanflatteryC)hardworkcontributesverylittletoone’spromotionD)manyemployeesfailtorecognizetheneedofflatteryPassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AssoonasitwasrevealedthatareporterforProgressivemagazinehaddiscoveredhowtomakeahydrogenbomb,agroupoffirearm(火器)fansformedtheNationalHydrogenBombAssociation,andtheyarenowlobbyingagainstanylegislationtostopAmericansfromowningone.TheConstitution,saidtheassociation’sspokesman,giveseveryonetherighttoownarms.Itdoesn’tspelloutwhatkindofarms.Butsinceanyonecannowmakeahydrogenbomb,thepublicshouldbeabletobuyittoprotectthemselves.Don’tyouthinkit’sdangeroustohaveoneinthehouse,particularlywheretherearechildrenaround?TheNationalHydrogenBombAssociationhopestoeducatepeopleinthesafehandlingofthistypeofweapon.Weareinstructingownerstokeepthebombinalockedcabinetandthefuse(导火索)separatelyinadrawer.Somepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillsomebody.Thespokesmansaid,Hydrogenbombsdon’tkillpeople—peoplekillpeople.Thebombisforself-protectionanditalsohasadeterrenteffect.Ifsomebodyknowsyouhaveanuclearweaponinyourhouse,they’regoingtothinktwiceaboutbreakingin.ButthosewhowanttobanthebombforAmericancitizensclaimthatifyouhaveonelockedinthecabinet,withthefuseinadrawer,youwouldneverbeabletoassembleitintimetostopanintruder(侵入者).Anotherargumentagainstallowingpeopletoownabombisthatatthemomentitisveryexpensivetobuildone.Sowhatyourassociationisbackingisaprogramwhichwouldallowthemiddleandupperclassestoacquireabombwhilepoorpeoplewillbeleftdefenselesswithjusthandguns.16.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplestartedanationalassociationsoasto______.A)blockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthebombB)coordinatethemassproductionofthedestructiveweaponC)instructpeoplehowtokeepthebombsafeathomeD)promotethelarge-scalesaleofthisnewlyinventedweapon17.SomepeopleopposetheownershipofH-bombsbyindividualsonthegroundsthat_____.

374A)thesizeofthebombmakesitdifficulttokeepinadrawerB)mostpeopledon’tknowhowtohandletheweaponC)people’sliveswillbethreatenedbytheweaponD)theymayfallintothehandsofcriminals18.Bysayingthatthebombalsohasadeterrenteffectthespokesmanmeansthatit_____.A)willfrightenawayanypossibleintrudersB)canshowthespecialstatusofitsownersC)willthreatenthesafetyoftheownersaswellD)cankillthoseenteringothers’housesbyforce19.Accordingtothepassage,opponentsoftheprivateownershipofH-bombsareverymuchworriedthat_____.A)theinfluenceoftheassociationistoopowerfulforthelessprivilegedtoovercomeB)poorly-educatedAmericanswillfinditdifficulttomakeuseoftheweaponC)thewideuseoftheweaponwillpushuplivingexpensestremendouslyD)thecostoftheweaponwillputcitizensonanunequalbasis20.Fromthetoneofthepassageweknowthattheauthoris_______.A)doubtfulaboutthenecessityofkeepingH-bombsathomeforsafetyB)unhappywiththosewhovote;againsttheownershipofH-bombsC)notseriousabouttheprivateownershipofH-bombsD)concernedaboutthespreadofnuclearweaponsPassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesareunique—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesandunderstandslanguage,andthrownewlightonanoldscientificcontroversywhetherlanguage,completewithgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisalearnedbehavior.ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomethingoddamongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgesturalcode,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthehandtalkhisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewonderedmightdeafpeopleactually

375haveagenuinelanguageandcouldthatlanguagebeunlikeanyotheronEarthItwas1955,whenevendeafpeopledismissedtheirsigningassubstandard.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy(异端邪说).Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacaféneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestartedarevolution.FordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguageslikeEnglish,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调节)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationofspace.WhatIsaid,Stokoeexplains,isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff.21.Thestudyofsignlanguageisthoughttobe________.A)anewwaytolookatthelearningoflanguageB)achallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguageC)anapproachtosimplifyingthegrammaticalstructureofalanguageD)anattempttoclarifymisunderstandingabouttheoriginoflanguage22.Thepresentgrowinginterestinsignlanguagewasstimulatedby_______.A)afamousscholarinthestudyofthehumanbrainB)aleadingspecialistinthestudyofliberalartsC)anEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeafD)someseniorexpertsinAmericanSignLanguage23.AccordingtoStokoe,signlanguageis________.A)asubstandardlanguageB)agenuinelanguageC)anartificiallanguageD)aninternationallanguage24.MosteducatorsobjectedtoStokoe’sideabecausetheythought_______.A)signlanguagewasnotextensivelyusedevenbydeafpeopleB)signlanguagewastooartificialtobewidelyacceptedC)alanguageshouldbeeasytouseandunderstandD)alanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds25.Stokoe’sargumentisbasedonhisbeliefthat_________.A)signlanguageisasefficientasanyotherlanguageB)signlanguageisderivedfromnaturallanguageC)languageisasystemofmeaningfulcodesD)languageisaproductofthebrain

376PassageFourQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ItcameassomethingofasurprisewhenDiana,PrincessofWales,madeatriptoAngolain1997,tosupporttheRedCross’scampaignforatotalbanonallanti-personnellandmines.WithinhoursofarrivinginAngola,televisionscreensaroundtheworldwerefilledwithimagesofhercomfortingvictimsinjuredinexplosionscausedbylandmines.“Iknewthestatistics”,shesaid.“Butputtingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome;likewhenImetSandra,a13-year-oldgirlwhohadlostherleg,andpeoplelikeher.”ThePrincessconcludedwithasimplemessage:“Wemuststoplandmines”.Andsheusedeveryopportunityduringhervisittorepeatthismessage.But,backinLondon,herviewswerenotsharedbysomemembersoftheBritishgovernment,whichrefusedtosupportabanontheseweapons.AngrypoliticianslaunchedanattackonthePrincessinthepress.Theydescribedherasveryill-informedandaloosecannon(乱放炮的人).”hePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidethecriticisms.“Thisisadistraction(干扰)wedonotneed.AllI’mtryingtodoishelp.”Oppositionparties,themediaandthepublicimmediatelyvoicedtheirsupportforthePrincess.Tomakemattersworseforthegovernment,itsoonemergedthatthePrincess’striphadbeenapprovedbytheForeignOffice,andthatshewasinfactverywell-informedaboutboththesituationinAngolaandtheBritishgovernment’spolicyregardinglandmines.Theresultwasasevereembarrassmentforthegovernment.Totryandlimitthedamage,theForeignSecretary,MalcolmRifkidnd,claimedthatthePrincess’sviewsonlandmineswerenotverydifferentfromgovernmentpolicy,andthatitwasworkingtowardsaworldwideban.TheDefenseSecretary,MichaelPortillo,claimedthematterwasamisinterpretationormisunderstanding.ForthePrincess,thetriptothiswar-torncountrywasanexcellentopportunitytouseherpopularitytoshowtheworldhowmuchdestructionandsufferinglandminescancause.Shesaidthattheexperiencehadalsogivenherthechancetogetclosertopeopleandtheirproblems.26.PrincessDianapaidavisittoAngolain1997________.A)tovoicehersupportforatotalbanoflandminesB)toclarifytheBritishgovernment’sstandonlandminesC)toinvestigatethesufferingsoflandminevictimsthereD)toestablishherimageasafriendoflandminevictims27.WhatdidDianameanwhenshesaid“...puttingafacetothosefiguresbroughttherealityhometome(Line5,Para.1)”?A)Shejustcouldn’tbeartomeetthelandminevictimsfacetoface.B)TheactualsituationinAngolamadeherfeellikegoingbackhome.

377C)Meetingthelandminevictimsinpersonmadeherbelievethestatistics.D)Seeingthepainofthevictimsmadeherrealizetheseriousnessofthesituation.28.SomemembersoftheBritishgovernmentcriticizedDianabecause______.A)shewasill-informedofthegovernment’spolicyB)theywereactuallyopposedtobanninglandminesC)shehadnotconsultedthegovernmentbeforethevisitD)theybelievedthatshehadmisinterpretedthesituationinAngola29.HowdidDianarespondtothecriticisms?A)Shepaidnoattentiontothem.B)ShemademoreappearancesonTV.C)Shemetthe13-year-oldgirlasplanned.D)Sherosetoarguewithheropponents.30.WhatdidPrincessDianathinkofhervisittoAngola?A)IthadcausedembarrassmenttotheBritishgovernment.B)Ithadbroughtherclosertotheordinarypeople.C)Ithadgreatlypromotedherpopularity.D)IthadaffectedherrelationswiththeBritishgovernment.PartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.31.Iwentalongthinkingofnothing______,onlylookingatthingsaroundme.A)inparticularB)inharmonyC)indoubtD)inbrief32.Criticsbelievethatthecontroloftelevisionbymassadvertisinghas______thequalityoftheprograms.A)lessenedB)declinedC)affectedD)effected33.Imustcongratulateyou______theexcellentdesignofthenewbridge.A)withB)ofC)atD)on34.Thereisafully______healthcenteronthegroundfloorofthemainofficebuilding.A)installedB)equippedC)providedD)projected35.Formorethan20years,we’vebeensupportingeducationalprogramsthat_____fromkindergartenstocolleges.A)moveB)shiftC)rangeD)spread36.The______atthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybearit.

378A)conventionB)confinementC)principleD)discipline37.Thetestresultsarebeyond______;theyhavebeenrepeatedinlabsallovertheworld.A)negotiationB)conflictC)bargainD)dispute38.Iwasso______intoday’shistorylesson.Ididn’tunderstandathing.A)amazedB)neglectedC)confusedD)amused39.It____youtoatleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuyboth.A)presentsB)entitlesC)creditsD)tips40.Desertsandhighmountainshavealwaysbeena______tothemovementofpeoplefromplacetoplace.A)barrierB)fenceC)preventionD)jam41.Inordertomakethingsconvenientforthepeople,thedepartmentisplanningtosetupsome______shopsintheresidentialarea.A)flowingB)driftingC)mobileD)unstable42.Mr.Smithsaysthemediaareverygoodatsensingamoodandthen______it.A)overtakingB)enlargingC)wideningD)exaggerating43.Thisisnotaneconomicalwaytogetmorewater;______,itisveryexpensive.A)ontheotherhandB)onthecontraryC)inshortD)orelse44.Itwasthefirsttimethatsucha______hadtobetakenataBritishnuclearpowerstation.A)presentationB)precautionC)preparationD)prediction45.______thathewasn’thappywiththearrangements,Itriedtobookadifferenthotel.A)PerceivingB)PenetratingC)PuzzlingD)Preserving46.Theboardofthecompanyhasdecidedto______itsoperationstoincludeallaspectsoftheclothingbusiness.A)multiplyB)lengthenC)expandD)stretch47.Hisbusinesswasverysuccessful,butitwasatthe______ofhisfamilylife.A)consumptionB)creditC)exhaustionD)expense48.Firstpublishedin1927,thechartsremainan______sourceforresearchers.A)identicalB)indispensableC)intelligentD)inevitable49.Joeisnotgoodatsports,butwhenit______mathematics,heisthebestintheclass.A)comestoB)comesuptoC)comesontoD)comesaroundto50.Doctorswarnedagainstchewingtobaccoasa______forsmoking.A)reliefB)revivalC)substituteD)succession51.Whencarbonisaddedtoironinproper______theresultissteel.A)ratesB)thicknessesC)proportionsD)densities

37952.Youshouldtryto______yourambitionandbemorerealistic.A)reserveB)restrainC)retainD)replace53.Nancyisonlyasortof______ofherhusband’sopinionandhasnoideasofherown.A)sampleB)reproductionC)shadowD)echo54.Nowthatspringishere,youcan______thesefurcoatstillyouneedthemagainnextwinter.A)putoverB)putawayC)putoffD)putdown55.Thereisa_____ofimpatienceinthetoneofhisvoice.A)hintB)notionC)dotD)phrase56.Please______dictionarieswhenyouarenotsureofwordspellingormeaning.A)seekB)inquireC)searchD)consult57.Atyesterday’sparty,Elizabeth’sboyfriendamusedusby______CharlieChaplin.A)copyingB)followingC)imitatingD)modeling58.Shekeepsasupplyofcandlesinthehouseincaseofpower______.A)failureB)lackC)absenceD)drop59.Thegroupoftechniciansareengagedinastudywhich______allaspectsofurbanplanning.A)insertsB)gripsC)performsD)embraces60.Thelecturewhichlastedaboutthreehourswasso______thattheaudiencecouldn’thelpyawning.A)tediousB)boredC)clumsyD)tiredPartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.HistorianstendtotellthesamejokewhentheyaredescribinghistoryeducationinAmerica.It’stheone61theteacherstandingintheschoolroomdoor62goodbyetostudentsforthesummerandcalling63them,Bytheway,wewonWorldWarII.Theproblemwiththejoke,ofcourse,isthatit’s64funny.Therecentsurveyson65illiteracy(无知)arebeginningtonumb(令人震惊)nearlyonethirdofAmerican17-year-oldscannoteven66whichcountriestheUnitedStates67againstinthatwar.Onethirdhaveno68whentheDeclarationofIndependencewas69.OnethirdthoughtColumbusreachedtheNewWorldafter1750.Twothirdscannotcorrectly70theCivilWarbetween1850and1900.71whentheygettheanswersright,someare72guessing.Unlikemathorscience,ignoranceofhistorycannotbe73connectedtolossofinternational74.Butitdoesaffectourfuture75ademocraticnationandasindividuals.The76newsisthatthereis

380growingagreement77whatiswrongwiththe78ofhistoryandwhatneedstobe79tofixit.Thestepsaretentative(尝试性的)80;yettobefeltinmostclassrooms.61.A)aboutB)inC)forD)by62.A)shakingB)wavingC)noddingD)speaking63.A)inB)afterC)forD)up64.A)rarelyB)soC)tooD)not65.A)historicalB)educationalC)culturalD)political66.A)distinguishB)acknowledgeC)identifyD)convey67.A)defeatedB)attackedC)foughtD)struck68.A)senseB)doubtC)reasonD)idea69.A)printedB)signedC)markedD)edited70.A)placeB)judgeC)getD)lock71.A)EvenB)ThoughC)ThusD)So72.A)hardlyB)justC)stillD)ever73.A)exclusivelyB)practicallyC)shortlyD)directly74.A)competitivenessB)comprehensionC)communityD)commitment75.A)ofB)forC)withD)as76.A)fineB)niceC)surprisingD)good77.A)toB)withC)onD)of78.A)consulting　B)coachingC)teachingD)instructing79.A)done　B)dealtC)metD)reached80.A)thereforeB)orC)andD)asPartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionentitledABriefIntroductiontoaTouristAttraction.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtothefollowingguidelines:Yourrole:atourguideYouraudience:agroupofforeigntouristsYourintroductionshouldinclude:1.somewelcomingwords2.theschedulefortheday3.adescriptionoftheplacethetouristswillbevisiting(e.g.ascenicspotorahistoricalsite,etc.)Youshouldmaketheintroductioninterestingandthearrangementsforthedaycleartoeverybody.

3812004年6月四级试题详解PartIListeningComprehension2004年6月四级A卷参考答案听力1.DMarkandthewomanhadnotbeenintouchforsometime2.CThemanismeetingthewomenonbehalfofMR.Brown3.Cat10:404.AThemannolongersmokes5.BBecomeateacher6.DLeavehisjobtoworkforher7.BShecanhelpthemanout8.AThemanwasconfusedaboutthedateoftheappointment.9.CThetwospeakersareseniorsatcollege10.BSheals0foundtheplotdifficulttofollow.试题详解:1.[解析]男士说他昨天在街上偶然碰见了Mark，Mark告诉他有两个月没有女士的消息了。原来女士太忙没时间给Mark打电话。故答案为D(Markandthewomanhadnotbeenintouchforsometime)。2.[解析]男士说布朗先生不能亲自来见女士；女士说很高兴看到男士能代表布朗先生来。故C(ThemanismeetingthewomenonbehalfofMR.Brown)正确。Comeinhisplace：代替某人来，答案中的onbehalfof和此同义。3.[解析]此类题要求考生做笔记，记下所听到的时间。首先男士说火车10分钟后开，女士接着说现在的时间10:30，问火车什么时候开，进行简单加法就可以得出答案为C(at10:40)。4.[解析]女士说男土戒了烟的原因是听他妻子的建议；男士反驳，真正的原因是听了医生的劝告，因为自己血压高。可知A(Themannolongersmokes)正确。5.[解析]本题难度较大，考查了三个内容：多个动作选一，词义理解，推理。男士在纽约工作，然后从纽约回来了。由于不习惯大城市的生活，所以回到学校学习示范类课程。那就说明男士以后可能当教师。故答案为B(Becomeateacher)。6.[解析]女士建议男士辞去现在的工作去给他做送花工作。故答案为D(Leavehisjobtoworkforher)。7.[解析]男士说自己的课本丢了。女士说男士找对人了，她碰巧多余一本，言外之意女士要帮男士一把，将自己多余的课本给男士，故答案为C。extra：额外的，多余的；helpsb.out,帮助某人摆脱困境。故答案为B(Shecanhelpthemanout)。8.[解析]由问题可以看出，本题考查男士的言外之意。对话中医生的秘书提醒男士预约的时间。可见A(Themanwasconfusedaboutthedateoftheappointment)正确。

3829.[解析]由对话可知，男女都流露出他们要毕业了：女士说这是最后一年，大学时光过得太快，男士应答说他们将要走向社会，同时问女士毕业后打算干什么。据此不难推断他们是即将毕业的大学大四学生。graduate毕业，figureout想出，Senior大四学生，ataloss不知所措，无所适从。故C(Thetwospeakersareseniorsatcollege)正确。10.[解析]男士说她很费劲地读完了这本长篇小说，女士表示同意，补充说，小说中有多达35个人物，很难记住。由此可知她读这本小说也很吃力，再推出吃力的原因是由于人物太多，很难跟上情节的发展。故A正确。Getthrough完成；novel小说；plot(小说中的)的情节，character(小说中的)人物，recall回忆起，记得。故答案为B(Shealsofoundtheplotdifficulttofollow)。听力原文(划线部分为答案依据)PartA1.M:IranintoourfriendMarkyesterdayonthestreet,andhesaidhehasn’theardfromyoufortwomonths.W:Yes,Iknow,butI'vebeentoobusytophonehim.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?2.M:Mr.Brownaskedmetotellyouthathe'ssorrythathecan'tcometomeetyouinpersonHe'sreallytoobusytomakethetrip.W:That'sOK,I'mgladyou'vecomeinhisplace.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.M:So,whenaretheotherguysgoingtogethere?Thetrainisleavingintenminuteshereforever.Wecan'twaitW:It's10:30already.Theyaresupposedtobeherebynow.Itoldeverybodytomeethereby10:15Q:Whenisthetrainleaving?4.W:Soyoufinallylistenedtoyourwife'sadviceandgaveupsmoking.M:Itwasmydoctor'sadvice.'Iwassufferingfromhighbloodpressure.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?5.W:Frank,IthoughtyouwereworkinginNewYork.M:Iwas,butI'vemovedback.!justcouldn'tgetusedtolivinginabigcityschool,takingcoursesforateachercertificate.Q:WhatisFrankplanningtodo?6.M:Washingdishesintherestauranteverydayisreallyboring.W:Whydon'tyouquitanddeliveringflowersforme?Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodoe.7.M:CanIborrowyourmathstextbook?Ilostmineonthebus.W:Youaretherightperson.Ihappentohaveanextracopy.

383Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?8.W:Hello.ThisisdoctorGrey'soffice.We'recallingtoremindyouofyour4:annualcheckuptomorrow.M:Oh,thanks.It'sagoodthingyouhavecalled.Ithoughtitwas4:Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?9.W:Ijustcan'tbelievethisisourlastyear.Collegeisgoingbyfast.SohereIam,backin15appointmentforyour15today.M:Yeah,we'llhavetofacetherealworldsoon.Sohaveyoufiguredaboutwhatyou'regoingtodoafteryougraduate?Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?10.MiIhadahardtimegettingthroughthisnovel.W:Ishareyourfeeling.Whocanrememberthenamesof35differentcharacters?Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?PartBS1.popularS2.historicalS3.printsS4.instrumentsS5.permittedS6.establishedS7.destroyedS8.In1897,thelibrarymovedintoitsownbuildingacrossthestreetfromtheCapitolS9.ThelibraryprovidesbooksandmaterialstotheUSCongressandalsolendsbookstootherAmericanlibraries,governmentagenciesandforeignlibraries.S10.AnyonewhowantscopyrightprotectionforapublicationintheUSmustsendtwocopiestothelibrary.听力原文(划线部分为答案依据)TheLibraryofCongressisAmerica’snationallibrary.Ithasmillionsofbooksandotherobjects.Ithasnewspapers,(S1)popularpublicationsaswellaslettersof(S2)historicalinterest.Italsohasmaps,photographs,art(S3)prints,movies,soundrecordingsandmusical(S4)instruments.Alltogether,ithasmorethan100millionobjects.TheLibraryofCongressisopentothepublicMondaythroughSaturday,exceptforpublicholidays.Anyonemaygothereandreadanythinginthecollection.Butnooneis(S5)permittedtotakebooksoutofthebuilding.TheLibraryofCongresswas(S6)establishedin1800.Itstartedwithelevenboxesofbooksinoneroomof

384theCapitolBuilding.By1814,thecollectionhadincreasedtoabout3,000books.Theywereall(S7)destroyedthatyearwhentheCapitolwasburneddownduringAmerica’swarwithBritain.Tohelpre-buildthelibrary,CongressboughtthebooksofPresidentThomasJefferson.Mr.Jefferson’scollectionincluded7,000booksinsevenlanguages.(S8)In1897,thelibrarymovedintoitsownbuildingacrossthestreetfromtheCapitol.Today,threebuildingsholdthelibrary’scollection.(S9)ThelibraryprovidesbooksandmaterialstotheUSCongressandalsolendsbookstootherAmericanlibraries,governmentagenciesandforeignlibraries.Itbuyssomeofitsbooksandgetsothersasgifts.Italsogetsmaterialsthroughitscopyrightoffice.(S10)AnyonewhowantscopyrightprotectionforapublicationintheUSmustsendtwocopiestothelibrary.ThismeanstheLibraryofCongressreceivesalmosteverythingthatispublishedintheUnitedStates.PartIIReadingComprehensionPassage1全文翻译A.总是准时上班B.总是非常忙碌C.勤勤恳恳做自己的工作也许在办公室里你符合上述的所有情况，甚至有过之而无不及。但是当谈及获得成功时，专家们认为，在事业上除了要做到ABC三条以外，还应该具备一个P，即是政治，也就是办公室政治学。戴尔·卡内基早在50多年前，就提出只靠努力工作并不能确保事业上的进步。你必须能够公开地和私下地推销自己和自己的观点，然而，尽管采用办公室政治策略所得到的好处是显而易见的——好的工作，升职，奖励——许多人还是不能或不愿去“玩这场游戏”。“人们认为办公室政治是一种工于心计的行为，”德勃拉·卡门——霍夫斯特拉大学管理学的一名助教——这样说。“但事实上政治起源于‘礼貌’。这个词它可以意味着游说和形成联合，也能代表善良和有益，甚至力图取悦你的上司，然后期望一定回报。”事实上，现如今，专家们将办公室政治学定义为在工作场合为追求个人利益而采取的适当行为。大多数情况下，这一行为包括在办公环境里的某种社会化的形式——不仅在大公司里是这样，在小公司里也不例外。“通常评价一个人时，首先看的是他们在同样的基础上是否能够表现出色，”尼尔·刘易斯，一位管理心理学家这样说。“但是当一次晋升的机会有两三个候选人，每一个都有相当的能力时，经理自然会选择他最喜欢的那个人。这是人之常情。”然而，心理学家说，许多老板与员工之间就办公室政治学的概念的理解有所不同。有些人认为，对工作充满理想就能成功。而另外一些人则将政治联想为阿谀奉承。他们担心如果大声为自己说话，可能表现得像是在刻意取悦老板以求欢心。专家建议通过认识自我完善的需求来改变这些负面描述。

385试题详解11．D)。推断题。依据第四段第二句话。该句指出：专家说，要想在事业上取得成功，除了具有A(按时上班)、B(勤奋)、C(踏实)等品质外，还应该包括P(权术polities)。文章后面的部分就是对“officepolitics”的进一步解释说明。由此可知，officepolitics指的就是事业成功所需要的各种品质，故选项D)正确。12．A)。推断题。依据第八段内容。在该段中，管理心理学家NeilP.Lewis说：“通常情况下，首先衡量人们的标准就是在相同的情况下看他们完成工作的能力。但是，如果提升的候选人有两个或者三个，其能力又相同，经理通常会提升他所喜欢的人。这是一般的人性。”由此可以推断出：得到老板的喜欢，给老板留下一个好的印象，这也是提升所必须的一个方面。故选项A)正确。13．B)。语义题。从第五段内容可知，playthegame指的就是“玩权术”，善于“玩权术”的人可能会得到提升、加薪、表扬等，但是很多人仍然不能够或不愿意这么做。第六段解释了许多人不愿“玩权术”的原因。首先通过构词法可知，选项B)中的unprincipled是由“un-(不，不会)+principled(讲究原则的)”构成，故该词的意思应为“不讲究原则的，不讲道德的；不正直的”，这与文章中的manipulative(工于心计的)相对应，故B)项为正确答案。另外，也可用排除法；A)项(他们认为玩权术不切实际)与文中内容相悖；C)项(不擅长操纵支配同事)文中并没提到；D)项(这种努力使他们一无所获)与文中作者表达的意思相反。所以，A)，C)，D)都可排除。14．D)。推断题。实际上作者在第四段就说明了polities在个人事业成功中的重要性。在第八段中，作者又引用管理心理学家Neil只Lewis的话，说明“officepolitics”在个人升职当中的重要性。由此可见，选项D)正确。15．B)。主旨题。倒数第二段说：许多人不能够很好地领会权术的概念，有些人太理想化，认为付出很多就会成功(whattakestosucceed)，而另一些人却把权术与奉承联系起来，担心如果为自己讲话，好像他们是为了得到恩惠在奉承老板。接着在最后一段作者指出：通过认识到自我推荐是个人发展所必须的这一事实来改变这种消极的看法。显然，作者认为自我推荐并不意味着奉承。故B)项为正确答案。11.Ctheinterpersonalrelationshipswithinacompany12.Agivehisbossagoodimpression13.BTheyfeelthatsuchbehaviorisunprincipled14.Danimportantfactorforpersonaladvancement15.Bself－promotiondoesnotnecessarilymeanflatteryPassage2全文翻译一个杂志记者发现制造氢弹的方法的消息一经披露，一群火器迷就组成了国家氢弹协会并为反对禁止公民拥有氢弹的立法而游说。这一协会的发言人说：“议会给予每个人拥有武器的权利，它并没指出是何种武器，但由于现在每个人都可以制造氢弹，公众应该可以购买氢弹用来防身。”

386“你不认为把氢弹放在家里很危险吗?尤其是有孩子的家庭?”“国际轻弹协会希望教育人们安全使用氢弹，我们告诉使用者把它锁在柜子里，导火索单独放在抽屉里。”“有人认为氢弹是一种极度危险的可以杀死人的武器。”发言人说：“氢弹不会杀人——人才会杀人。氢弹是用来自我保护的，同时它还有威慑作用，当别人知道你家里有氢弹时，在强行闯入前会仔细考虑。”“但是那些反对公民拥有炸弹的人认为如果氢弹锁在柜子里而导火索在抽屉里，就不可能有足够的时间阻止入侵者。”“另一种反对的观点认为眼下制造氢弹的费用还很昂贵，因此你们协会促成的是中上阶层拥有氢弹，而只买得起手枪的贫民则完全不能自卫。”试题详解16．A)。细节题．依据文章第一段。该文指出：进步杂志的一名记者发现如何制造氢弹的消息一经披露，一批爱好者就形成了全国氢弹协会，他们现在正在游说反对形成这样的立法，即阻止美国人拥有氢弹。由此可知，选项A)为正确答案。17．C)。细节题。依据文章第三段和第五段内容，尤其是第五段内容，即“Somepeopleconsiderthehydrogenbombaveryfatalweaponwhichcouldkillsomebody．”。由此可知，选项C)为正确答案。18．A)。推断题。依据第六段第三句话。该句指出：如果有人知道你家有一核武器，在破门而人的时候，他会三思的。也就是说这会吓跑闯入者。故选项A)为正确答案。”19．D)。推断题。依据文章最后一段。该段指出：反对私人拥有氢弹的人认为氢弹造价高，支持这样的计划也就等于让中产阶级和上层阶级拥有氢弹，而穷人则没有防卫能力，只能依靠手枪。这也就是说，氢弹昂贵的价格使得人们处于不平等的地位。故选项D)为正确答案。20．A)。主旨题．作者在本文中陈述了支持私人拥有氢弹和反对私人拥有氢弹的两种观点。但针对协会发育人的每一种观点，作者都提出了疑点。显然作者对靠拥有氢弹来保证家庭安全的做法是持怀疑态度的。故选项A)为正确答案。16.Ablockanylegislationtobantheprivatepossessionofthebomb17.Cpeople’sliveswillbethreatenedbytheweapon18.Awillfrightenawayanypossibleintruders19.Dthecostoftheweaponwillputcitizensonanunequalbasis20.DconcernedaboutthespreadofnuclearweaponsPassage3全文翻译符号已经成为科学的一个热点。仅仅是在过去的20年里，致力于语言学研究的专家才意识到符号语言的独特性——

387一种手语。他们提供了一条新的途径来探究大脑如何产生与领悟语言，并就一个长期以来存在争议的科学问题阐明了新的观点：任何一种语言，连同它的语法，究竟是我们与生俱来的，还是一种后天学习的结果。当前对符号语言的兴趣始于华盛顿哥罗地大学(世界上惟一一所专为聋哑人开设的文科院校)一位叛逆老师的首创。最初比尔·斯托克去哥罗地大学教英语时，学校给他登记开设的课程是符号学。但是斯托克注意到一些奇怪的现象：学生们画的符号跟课堂上老师所教授的符号有所不同。斯托克学习过一种手语，手的每一个动作都代表了英语的一个单词。那时，美国符号语言被认为只是一种混杂的英语。但是斯托克认为他的学生们所使用的手语更为丰富。他很奇怪：难道聋哑人实际上有一种天生的语言，而这种语言跟地球上的其他语言都不相同?在1955年，即使聋哑人们也认为自己使用的语言不符合标准而废弃不用，斯托克的这一想法被认为是异端邪说。37年后的今天，斯托克正投人大量的时间就美国符号语言和聋哑文化编写书籍和杂志，并制作影音材料。他一边在哥罗地校园附近的一家小饭馆里享用午餐，一边描述自己如何发动了一场革命。数十年来，他认为符号语言像英语、法语、日语一样是自然语言的观点广直遭到教育家们的攻击。这些教育家们认为语言必须以言语和声调的调节为基础。但符号语言确是以手的动作和在空间的调节为基础。“我想说的是”，斯托克解释道：“语言不是关于嘴巴的东西——它是关于大脑的产物。试题详解21．B)。推断题。依据第一段第三句话．该句指出：手势语提供了一种新的方法来探讨大脑是如何产生语言和理解语言的，并对—个古老的科学争论提供了新的线索：人的语言连同语法到底是生来就有的还是后天习得的，由此可知，这是对传统的语言性质的观点的挑战，故选项B)为正确答案。22．C)。细节题．根据第—段倒数第一句“ThecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthepioneeringworkofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington，DC，theworld'sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople．”可知，选项C)为正确答案。23．B)。细节题．依据第三段第二、第三以及第四句内容“Atthetime，AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语)。ButStokoebelievedthe“handtalk”hisstudentsusedlookedricher。Hewondered；Mightdeafpeopleusuallyhaveagenuinelanguage?”可知，手势语是一种真正的语言。故选项B)为正确答案。24，D)。细节题。依据最后一段第三、第四句内容。该文指出：几十年来，教育家都在与手势语盲就像英语、法语和日语一样是自然语言这样的观点进行着斗争，他们认为语言必须以言语(即声音的调节)为基础。由此可知，选项D)为正确答案。25．D)。细节题。依据最后一段最后一句话(“Whatisaid，”Stokoeexplains，“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff—it’sbrainstuff”)。由此可知，选项D)为正确答案。21.Bachallengetotraditionalviewsonthenatureoflanguage22.CanEnglishteacherinauniversityforthedeaf23.Bagenuinelanguage

38824.Dalanguagecouldonlyexistintheformofspeechsounds25.DlanguageisaproductofthebrainPassage4全文翻译1997年，英国戴安娜王妃访问了安哥拉，以此来支持红十字会的全面禁止杀伤性地雷的活动。这可算是惊人之举。在她到达安哥拉后的数小时之内，全世界的电视屏幕都播出了她安抚在地雷爆炸中受伤的受害者的情形。她说：“我知道一些数字，但是看到受害者所遭受的痛苦，就像我遇到的在地雷爆炸中失去一条腿的叫桑德拉的十三岁女孩以及同她有相似遭遇的人使我意识到事态的严峻。”“我们必须禁止使用地雷。”王妃用简短的话总结说，并且利用她访问中的每个机会来重申这一观点。·但当她回到伦敦时，一些不支持禁止武器的英国政府成员不赞成她的主张。愤怒的政治家们在媒体上大肆攻击戴安娜王妃，他们形容她“孤陋寡闻”、“到处乱跑”。·王妃对这些批评不屑一顾：“这是没有必要的干扰，我想做的全部事情就是去帮助别人。”反对党、媒体和公众立即宣布支持王妃。对政府更加不利的是，很快一些事实都浮出水面——王妃此次访问是得到外交部的同意的，而且她对安哥拉和英国政府对地雷事件的政策两方面的情况都很了解。英国政府因此陷入尴尬的境地。为了试着减少造成的损害，外交部长马尔柯姆·里夫克顿德宣称王妃的观点并非与英国政府的政策大相径庭，英国政府要朝着全球禁雷的目标“努力”。国防部长迈克尔·波提罗说这一事件是“曲解和误会”。对于王妃来说，对这一饱受战争之苦的国家的访问是利用她的影响力向全世界展示地雷引起的危害的绝好机会。她说这次访问也给了她接触民众、了解民生的机会。试题详解26．A)。细节题。依据第一段第一句话。该句指出：……戴安娜王妃于1997年去安哥拉的目的是为了支持红十字会发起的一场全面禁止使用杀伤性地雷的运动(．．．PrincessofWales，madeatriptoAngolainl997，tosupporttheredCross'scampaignforatotalbanonallanti-personnellandmines)。由此可知选项A)为正确答案。27．D)。推断题．依据第一段最后一句话。该句引用戴安娜的话说：仔细看看这些数字使我充分认识到现实的严重性。在第二段又讲到：在她访问期间反复说，我们必须停止使用地雷。由此可知，选项D)为正确答案。28．B)。推断题。依据第三段内容。该段指出：在戴安娜(Diana)回到伦敦后，英国政府内的部分成员不赞成戴安娜的观点，他们拒绝支持禁止使用地雷这项运动。这些愤怒的政客开始在媒体上向Diana发起攻击。由此可见，这些政客实际是反对禁止使用地雷。故选项B)为正确答案。29．A)。细节题。依据第四段第一句话的内容“ThePrincessrespondedbybrushingasidethecriticisms

389(王妃不理睬这些批评)”可知，选项A)正确。句中的brushaside意思为“无视(反对意见等)，对……置之不理”，和选项A)中的paynoattention同义。30．B)。细节题。依据文章最后一句话“Shesaidthattheexperiencehadalsogivenherthechancetogetclosertopeopleandtheirproblems”可知，选项B)为正确答案。26.Atovoicehersupportforatotalbanoflandmines27.DSeeingthepainofthevictimsmadeherrealizetheseriousnessofthesituation28.Btheywereactuallyopposedtobanninglandmines29.AShepaidnoattentiontothem30.BIthadbroughtherclosertotheordinarypeoplePartⅢVocabularyandStructure词汇31.Ainparticular32.Caffected33.Don34.Bequipped35.Crange36.Ddiscipline37.Ddispute38.Cconfused39.Bentitles40.Abarrier41.Cmobile42.Dexaggerating43.Bonthecontrary44.Bprecaution45.APerceiving46.Cexpand47.Dexpense48.Bindispensable49.Acomesto50.Csubstitute51.Cproportions52.Brestrain53.Decho54.Bputaway55.Ahint56Dconsult57.Cimitating58.Afailure59.Dembraces60.Atedious31．A)。(译)我一边往前走，没想什么特别的东西，只是随便看看周围的事物。(解)测试固定搭配的用法。Inparticular意为“特别；尤其”；inharmony(with)意为“与…协调一致;与…和睦相处”，如，Sincetheendofthewar，thetwopeopleshavebeenlivinginharmonywitheachother．自从战争结束后，这两个民族—直和睦地生活在一起。indoubt意为“不能肯定的，可怀疑的”，如，Heisstillinsomedoubtaboutwhattodo。他还拿不定怎么办。inbrief意为“简言之，简单地说”，如，Inbrief，Idon’twanttodoit.32.C)。(译)批评家认为电视上大量的广告影响了电视节目的质量。(解)测试动词近义词的辨析。affect意为“影响”，如：Theriseinthepriceofrawmaterialswillaffectthemarket原材料的价格上涨会影响市场。lessen意为“减少；减轻”，如：lessenthespeed减低速度decline意为“下降，减少；衰退，衰落；谢绝，拒绝”，如：Theyaskedmetotheirparty，butIdeclinedtheinvitation。他们邀请我参加宴会，但是我婉拒了。effect意为“实现，使生效，引起”，如：Hedidithimself，therebyeffectingaconsiderablesavingintimeandmoney。他亲自动手，从而省下了不少时间和金钱。33.D)。(译)我必须祝贺你出色地设计了这座新桥。

390(解)考查动词与介词的搭配用法。congratulate意为“祝贺，向……道喜”，通常接介词on或者upon。34．B)。(译)主办公楼一楼有一个设备齐全的健康中心。（解）测试动词近义词辨析。equip意思为“配备，装备，(智力、体力上)使有准备”，指为特殊目的而提供装备。如：Thefactoryisequippedwithmodernmachines。这个工厂装备有现代化的机器。install意为“安装，设置,使就职，任命，如：Threecomputershavebeeninstalledintheoffice。办公室里已经安装了三台电脑。provide意为“提供，供给”，如：Thedrawingprovidesuswithoneoftheearliestexamplesoftheuseofperspective。这幅画给我们提供了采用透视画法的最早范例。project意为“投射，发射，放映，(使)突出”，如：WeareprojectingavisittoEurope。我们正在计划到欧洲旅游。35．C)。(译)二十多年来，我们一直支持从幼儿园到大学范围内的很多教育项目。(解)测试固定搭配的用法。Range(from．．．to)意为“变动，变化”；move意为“移动，搬动，迁移：提议”，如：Imovethataspecialcommittee(should)beformedforthismatter。我提议设立一个特别委员会来处理这件事。shift意为“转变，转换，转移；变速，调(档)”，如：Thewindhasshiftedfromnorthtosouth。风从北风转成南风。spread意为“展开，伸开；散布，蔓延，传播”，如：Thenewsspreadthroughtheschoolveryquickly．那消息很快传遍了整个学校。Cloze61.Aabout62.Bwaving63.Bafter64.Dnot65.Ahistorical66.Cidentify67.Cfought68.Didea69.Bsigned70.Aplace71.AEven72.Bjust73.Ddirectly74.Acompetitiveness75.Das76.Dgood77.Con78.Cteaching79.Adone80.Cand作文：[参考范文]AbriefintroductiontoatouristattractionGoodmorning,ladiesandgentleman,welcometoBeijing.Tobeginwith,Iwouldliketointroducemyself:IamthetouristguidefromChinaTravelServiceandit’sgreathonortostayherewithallofyouforawholeday.Justastheoldsayinggoes,“Itisalwaysapleasuretogreetafriendfromafar”,Iwishallofyoutoenjoyyourselvesduringthistrip.Thefollowingisscheduleoftheday.ThefirstspotwearegoingtovisitistheGreatWall,thegrandestfortificationinancientChina.ThenextsighttolookaroundistheMingTombs,whichisoneofthebest-preservedtombsfor13emperorsinMingDynastymorethanonethousandyearsago.Intheafternoon,wewillgofortheSummerPalace,theroyalparkforChineseancientemperors.CurrentlyweareonthewaytotheGreatWall.DatingbacktothesevencenturyB.C.,theGreatWallisconstructedbyrespectivestatesforfortifyingagainstinvasionofneighboringstates.Bythereasonsoflong

391historyanditslength,itbecomesoneoftheeightwondersintheworldandrepresentsthehighestwisdomandcrafts.FromthetopoftheGreatWall,wecanenjoyamagnificentviewofcontinuousmountains,greentreesandbloomingwildflowers.Itisnodoubtthatonesays,“HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman”.AboveismyintroductiontotheGreatWall.Ifanyofyouhavequestions,pleasefeelfreetoaskmeatanytime.2004年1月四级试题PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)Attheoffice.B)Inthewaitingroom.C)Attheairport.D)Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisconversationismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)"Attheoffice"isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C]ID]1.A)Themancouldbuyashirtofadifferentcolor.B)Thesizeoftheshirtisallrightfortheman.C)Thesizethemanwantswillarrivesoon.D)Themancouldcomesometimelater.2.A)Thewomaniswatchinganexcitingfilmwiththeman.B)Thewomancan’ttakeaphotooftheman.C)Thewomanisrunningtowardthelake.D)Thewomanisfilmingthelake.

3923.A)It’squietintherestaurant.B)Thepriceishighintherestaurant.C)Therestaurantservesgoodfood.D)Therestaurantistoofarfromtheirschool.4.A)Atabookingoffice.B)InaHongKonghotel.C)Onabusystreet.D)Atanairport.5.A)Thewomanhasbeencomplainingtoomuch.B)Thewoman’sheadachewillgoawaybyitself.C)Thewomanshouldhaveseenthedoctorearlier.D)Thewomanshouldconfirmherappointmentwiththedoctor.6.A)Helpthewomanmovetheitems.B)HurrytoMr.Johnson’soffice.C)HelpmovethingstoMr.Johnson’soffice.D)PutoffhisappointmentwithMr.Johnson.7.A)Themanshouldnotdreamofbeingasuperstar.B)Themandidn’tpracticehardenough.C)Themanshouldfindanewpartner.D)Themanshouldnotgiveup.8.A)Thereisnomoreleft.B)Itdoesn’tappealtoher.C)It’sincrediblydelicious.D)Shehasalreadytastedit.9.A)Themanisusuallythelasttohandinhistestpaper.B)Themanhasmadeamessofhismidtermexam.C)Themanhasbadstudyhabits.D)Themanisadiligentstudent.10.A)Themanwilldrivethewomantoschool.B)Themanhasfinishedhisassignment.C)Themaniswillingtohelpthewoman.D)Themanislosingpatiencewiththewoman.SectionB

393PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Theartofsayingthankyou.B)Thesecretofstayingpretty.C)Theimportanceofgoodmanners.D)Thedifferencebetweeneleganceandgoodmanners.12.A)Theywerenicerandgentler.B)Theypaidmoreattentiontotheirappearance.C)Theywerewillingtospendmoremoneyonclothes.D)Theyweremoreawareofchangesinfashion.13.A)Bydecoratingourhomes.B)Bybeingkindandgenerous.C)Bywearingfashionableclothes.D)Byputtingonalittlemake-up.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Childrendon’tgetenougheducationinsafety.B)Childrenarekeenondangerousgames.C)Theplaygroundsareinpoorcondition.D)Theplaygroundsareovercrowded.15.A)Theyshouldhelpmaintaintheequipment.B)Theyshouldkeepawatchfuleyeontheirchildren.C)Theyshouldstoptheirchildrenfromclimbingladders.D)Theyshouldteachtheirchildrenhowtousetheequipment.16.A)Theytendtostaywithinshoutingorrunningdistanceoftheirparents.B)Theyshouldbeawareofthepotentialrisksintheplayground.C)Theymaypanicinfrontofhighplaygroundequipment.D)Theycanbecreativewhentheyfeelsecure.PassageThereQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Ittakesskill.B)Itpayswell.C)It’sfull-timejob.

394D)It’sadmiredworldwide.18.A)Amotherwithababyinherarms.B)Awomanwhosebagishanginginfront.C)Alonefemalewithahandbagatherrightside.D)Anoldladycarryingahandbagontheleft.19.A)Thebackpocketofhistighttrousers.B)Thetoppocketofhisjacket.C)Asidepocketofhisjacket.D)Asidepocketofhistrousers.20.A)Theaterlobbieswithuniformedsecurityguards.B)Clothingstoreswherepeoplearerelaxedandoffguard.C)Airportswherepeoplecarryalotofluggage.D)HotelsandrestaurantsinsoutheastLondon.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.I'musuallyfairlyskepticalaboutanyresearchthatconcludesthatpeopleareeitherhappierorunhappierormoreorlesscertainofthemselvesthantheywere50yearsago.Whileanyofthesestatementsmightbetrue,theyarepracticallyimpossibletoprovescientifically.Still,Iwasstruckbyareportwhichconcludedthattoday'schildrenaresignificantlymoreanxiousthanchildreninthe1950s.Infact,theanalysisshowed,normalchildrenages9to17exhibitahigherlevelofanxietytodaythanchildrenwhoweretreatedformentalillness50yearsago.WhyareAmerica'skidssostressed?Thereportcitestwomaincauses:increasingphysicalisolation--broughtonbyhighdivorceratesandlessinvolvementincommunity,amongotherthings--andagrowingperceptionthattheworldisamoredangerousplace.Giventhatwecan'tturntheclockback,adultscanstilldoplentytohelpthenextgenerationcope.Atthetopofthelistisnurturing(培育)abetterappreciationofthelimitsofindividualism.Nochildisanisland.Strengtheningsocialtieshelpsbuildcommunitiesandprotectindividualsagainststress.Tohelpkidsbuildstrongerconnectionswithothers,youcanpulltheplugonTVsandcomputers.Yourfamilywillthankyoulater.Theywillhavemoretimeforface-to-facerelationships,andtheywillgetmore

395sleep.Limittheamountofvirtual(虚拟的)violenceyourchildrenareexposedto.It'snotjustvideogamesandmovies;childrenseealotofmurderandcrimeonthelocalnews.Keepyourexpectationsforyourchildrenreasonable.ManyhighlysuccessfulpeopleneverattendedHarvardorYale.Makeexercisepartofyourdailyroutine.Itwillhelpyoucopewithyourownanxietiesandprovideagoodmodelforyourkids.Sometimesanxietyisunavoidable.Butitdoesn'thavetoruinyourlife.21.Theauthorthinksthattheconclusionsofanyresearchaboutpeople'sstateofmindare______.A)surprisingB)confusingC)illogicalD)questionable22.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays,"wecan'tturntheclockback"(Line1,Para.3)?A)It'simpossibletoslowdownthepaceofchange.B)Thesocialrealitychildrenarefacingcannotbechanged.C)Lessonslearnedfromthepastshouldnotbeforgotten.D)It'simpossibletoforgetthepast.23.Accordingtoananalysis,comparedwithnormalchildrentoday,childrentreatedasmentallyill50yearsago____.A)werelessisolatedphysicallyB)wereprobablylessself-centeredC)probablysufferedlessfromanxietyD)wereconsideredlessindividualistic24.Thefirstandmostimportantthingparentsshoulddotohelptheirchildrenis____.A)toprovidethemwithasaferenvironmentB)tolowertheirexpectationsforthemC)togetthemmoreinvolvedsociallyD)tosetagoodmodelforthemtofollow25.Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?A)Anxiety,thoughunavoidable,canbecopedwith.B)Children'sanxietyhasbeenenormouslyexaggerated.C)Children'sanxietycanbeeliminatedwithmoreparentalcare.D)Anxiety,ifproperlycontrolled,mayhelpchildrenbecomemature.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizational

396constraints(约束)influencewageincreases.Onething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon'tatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincreases.ConsiderBeth'sstory:IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit.Wehadcubicle(小隔间)officesandwindowoffices.Isatinthecubicleswithseveralmalecolleagues.Onebyonetheyweremovedintowindowoffices,whileIremainedinthecubicles,severalmaleswhowerehiredaftermealsowenttooffices.Oneinparticulartoldmehewasnextinlineforanofficeandthatithadbeenpartofhisnegotiationsforthejob.IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway.Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit,but"nice"isn'taqualityattributedtomostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you'llprobablyhavetoaskforit.Performanceisyourbestbargainingchip(筹码)whenyouareseekingaraise.Youmustbeabletodemonstratethatyoudeservearaise.Timingisalsoagoodbargainingchip.Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds(anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample)justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant.Useinformationasabargainingchiptoo.Findoutwhatyouareworthontheopenmarket.Whatwillsomeoneelsepayforyourservices?Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction.26.Accordingtothepassage,beforetakingajob,apersonshould_____.A)demonstratehiscapabilityB)givehisbossagoodimpressionC)askforasmuchmoneyashecanD)askforthesalaryhehopestoget27.WhatcanbeinferredfromBeth'sstory?A)Prejudiceagainstwomenstillexistsinsomeorganizations.B)Ifpeoplewantwhattheydeserve,theyhavetoaskforit.C)Peopleshouldnotbecontentwithwhattheyhavegot.D)Peopleshouldbecarefulwhennegotiatingforajob.28.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat____.A)unfairnessexistsinsalaryincreasesB)mostpeopleareoverworkedandunderpaidC)oneshouldavoidoverstatingone'sperformance

397D)mostorganizationsgivetheirstaffautomaticpayraises29.Togetapayraise,apersonshould______.A)advertisehimselfonthejobmarketB)persuadehisbosstosignalong-termcontractC)trytogetinsideinformationabouttheorganizationD)dosomethingtoimpresshisbossjustbeforemeritpaydecisions30.Tobesuccessfulinnegotiations,onemust_____.A)meethisbossattheappropriatetimeB)arriveatthenegotiationtablepunctuallyC)begoodatinfluencingtheoutcomeoftheinteractionD)befamiliarwithwhatthebosslikesanddislikesPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.WhenfamiliesgatherforChristmasdinner,somewillsticktoformaltraditionsdatingbacktoGrandma'sgeneration.Theirtableswillbesetwiththegooddishesandsilver,andthedresscodewillbeSunday-best.Butinmanyotherhomes,thischina-and-silverelegancehasgivenwaytoastoneware(粗陶)-and-stainlessinformality,withdressesassuminganequallycasual-Fridaylook.Forhostsandguests,thechangemeansgreatersimplicityandcomfort.FormakersoffinechinainBritain,itspellseconomichardtimes.LastweekRoyalDoulton,thelargestemployerinStoke-on-Trent,announcedthatitiseliminating1,000jobs--one-fifthofitstotalworkforce.Thatbringstomorethan4,000thenumberofpositionslostin18monthsinthepottery(陶瓷)region.Wedgwoodandotherpotteryfactoriesmadecutsearlier.AlthoughastrongpoundandweakmarketsinAsiaplayaroleinthedownsizing,thelayoffsinStokehavetheirrootsinearthshakingsocialshifts.AspokesmanforRoyalDoultonadmittedthatthecompany"hasbeensomewhatslowincatchingupwiththetrend"towardcasualdining.Familieseattogetherlessoften,heexplained,andmorepeopleeatalone,eitherbecausetheyaresingleortheyeatinfrontoftelevision;Evendinnerparties,iftheyhappenatall,havegonecasual.Inatimeoflongworkhoursanddemandingfamilyschedules,busyhostsinsist,rightly,thatit'sbettertoshareatakeoutpizzaonpaperplatesinthefamilyroomthantowaitfortheperfectmomentora"real"dinnerparty.Toooften,theperfectmomentnevercomes.Ironafine-patternedtablecloth?Forgetit.Polishthesilver?Whohastime?Yetthelossofformalityhasitsdownside.Thefinepointsofetiquette(礼节)thatchildrenmightoncehavelearnedatthetablebyobservationorinstructionfromparentsandgrandparents("Chewwithyourmouthclosed.""Keepyourelbowsoffthetable.")mustbepickedupelsewhere.Somecompaniesnowofferetiquette

398seminarsforemployeeswhomaybecompetentprofessionallybutcluelesssocially.31.Thetrendtowardcasualdininghasresultedin_____.A)bankruptcyoffinechinamanufacturersB)shrinkingofthepotteryindustryC)restructuringoflargeenterprisesD)economicrecessioninGreatBritain32.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebestreasonforcasualdining?A)Familymembersneedmoretimetorelax.B)Busyschedulesleavepeoplenotimeforformality.C)Peoplewanttopracticeeconomyintimesofscarcity.D)Youngpeoplewon'tfollowtheetiquetteoftheoldergeneration.33.ItcanbelearnedfromthepassagethatRoyalDoultonis_____.A)aretailerofstainlesssteeltablewareB)adealerinstonewareC)apotterychainstoreD)aproduceroffinechina34.Themaincauseofthelayoffsinthepotteryindustryis_____.A)theincreasedvalueofthepoundB)theeconomicrecessioninAsiaC)thechangeinpeople'swayoflifeD)thefiercecompetitionathomeandabroad35.Refinedtablemanners,thoughlesspopularthanbeforeincurrentsociallife_____.A)arestillamustoncertainoccasionsB)axeboundtoreturnsoonerorlaterC)arestillbeingtaughtbyparentsathomeD)canhelpimprovepersonalrelationshipsPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Somehousesaredesignedtobesmart.Othershavesmartdesigns.AnexampleofthesecondtypeofhousewonanAwardofExcellencefromtheAmericanInstituteofArchitects.LocatedontheshoreofSullivan'sIslandoffthecoastofSouthCarolina,theaward-winningcube-shapedbeachhousewasbuilttoreplaceonesmashedtopiecesbyHurricane(飓风)Hugo10yearsago.InSeptember1989,HugostruckSouthCarolina,killing18peopleanddamagingordestroying36,000homesinthestate.

399BeforeHugo,manynewhousesbuiltalongSouthCarolina'sshorelinewerepoorlyconstructed,andenforcementofbuildingcodeswasn'tstrict,accordingtoarchitectRayHuff,whocreatedthecleverly-designedbeachhouse.InHugo'swake,allnewshorelinehousesarerequiredtomeetstricter,better-enforcedcodes.ThenewbeachhouseonSullivan'sIslandshouldbeabletowithstandaCategory3hurricanewithpeakwindsof179to209kilometersperhour.Atfirstsight,thehouseonSullivan'sIslandlooksanythingbuthurricane-proof.Itsredwoodshellmakesitresemble"alargepartylantern(灯笼)"atnight,accordingtooneobserver.Butlookscanbedeceiving.Thehouse'swoodenframeisreinforcedwithlongsteelrodstogiveitextrastrength.Tofurtherprotectthehousefromhurricanedamage,Huffraisedit2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilings--long,slendercolumnsofwoodanchoreddeepinthesand.Pilingsmightappearinsecure,buttheyarestrongenoughtosupporttheweightofthehouse.Theyalsoelevatethehouseabovestormsurges.Thepilingsallowthesurgestorununderthehouseinsteadofrunningintoit."Theseswellsofwatercomeashoreattremendousspeedsandcausemostofthedamagedonetobeach-frontbuildings,"saidHuff.Huffdesignedthetimberpilingstobepartiallyconcealedbythehouse'sground-to-roofshell."Theshellmasksthepilingssothatthehousedoesn'tlooklikeit'sstandingwithitspantlegspulledup,"saidHuff.Intheeventofastormsurge,theshellshouldbreakapartandletthewavesrushunderthehouse,thearchitectexplained.36.AfterthetragedycausedbyHurricaneHugo,newhousesbuiltalongSouthCarolina'sshorelinearerequired_____.A)tobeeasilyreinforcedB)tolooksmarterindesignC)tomeetstricterbuildingstandardsD)tobedesignedintheshapeofcubes37.Theaward-winningbeachhouseisquitestrongbecause____.A)itisstrengthenedbysteelrodsB)itismadeofredwoodC)itisintheshapeofashellD)itisbuiltwithtimberandconcrete38.Huffraisedthehouse2.7metersoffthegroundontimberpilingsinorderto_____.A)withstandpeakwindsofabout200km/hrB)anchorstrongerpilingsdeepinthesandC)breakhugeseawavesintosmalleronesD)preventwaterfromrushingintothehouse

40039.Themainfunctionoftheshellis______.A)tostrengthenthepilingsofthehouseB)togivethehouseabetterappearanceC)toprotectthewoodenframeofthehouseD)toslowdownthespeedoftheswellingwater40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheshellshouldbe____.A)fancy-lookingB)waterproofC)easilybreakableD)extremelystrongPartIIIVocabulary(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Heaskedusto_____themincarryingthroughtheirplan.A)provideB)arouseC)assistD)persist42.Agoodmanyproposalswereraisedbythedelegates,_____wastobeexpected.A)thatB)whatC)soD)as43.Hewassucha_____speakerthatheheldourattentioneveryminuteofthethree-hourlecture.A)specificB)dynamicC)heroicD)diplomatic44.Arrivinghome,theboytoldhisparentsaboutallthe_____whichoccurredinhisdormitory.A)occasionsB)mattersC)incidentsD)issues45.Theopeningbetweentherockswasverynarrow,buttheboysmanagedto_____through.A)pressB)squeezeC)stretchD)leap46.Theyaretryingto_____thewastedischargedbythefactoryforprofit.A)exposeB)exhaustC)exhibitD)exploit47.Themanagerurgedhisstaffnotto_____thesplendidopportunity.A)dropB)missC)escapeD)slide48._____IadmireDavidasapoet,Idonotlikehimasaman.A)MuchasB)OnlyifC)IfonlyD)Asmuch49.Becauseofa_____engagement,Loracouldn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastSaturday.A)pioneerB)prematureC)priorD)past50.Thecontinuousrain_____theharvestingofthewheatcropbytwoweeks.A)setbackB)setoffC)setoutD)setaside51.NothavingagoodcommandofEnglishcanbeaserious_____preventingyoufromachievingyourgoals.A)obstacleB)faultC)offenseD)distress

40152.It'svery_____ofyounottotalkaloudwhilethebabyisasleep.A)concernedB)carefulC)considerableD)considerate53.Manyaplayerwhohadbeenhighlythoughtofhas_____fromthetennisscene.A)disposedB)disappearedC)discouragedD)discarded54.She'sfainted.Throwsomewateronherfaceandshe'll_____.A)comeroundB)comealongC)comeonD)comeout55.Alltheirattemptsto_____thechildfromtheburningbuildingwereinvain.A)regainB)recoverC)rescueD)reserve56.Computertechnologywill_____arevolutioninbusinessadministration.A)bringaroundB)bringaboutC)bringoutD)bringup57.Theuniversityhaslaunchedaresearchcentertodevelopnewwaysof_____bacteriawhichhavebecomeresistanttodrugtreatments.A)regulatingB)haltingC)interruptingD)combating58.The_____goalofthebookistohelpbridgethegapbetweenresearchandteaching,particularlythegapbetweenresearchersandteachers.A)jointB)intensiveC)overallD)decisive59.Therapiddevelopmentofcommunicationstechnologyistransformingthe_____inwhichpeoplecommunicateacrosstimeandspace.A)routeB)transmissionC)visionD)manner60.WhenIgooutintheeveningIusethebike_____thecarifIcan.A)ratherthanB)regardlessofC)inspiteofD)otherthan61.Thereisno_____evidencethatpeoplecancontroltheirdreams,atleastinexperimentalsituationsinalab.A)rigidB)solidC)smoothD)harsh62.Everyculturehasdeveloped_____forcertainkindsoffoodanddrink,andequallystrongnegativeattitudestowardothers.A)preferencesB)expectationsC)fantasiesD)fashions63.ItisreportedthatUruguayunderstandsand_____Chinaonhumanrightsissues.A)grantsB)changesC)abandonsD)backs64.Onlyafewpeoplehave_____tothefullfactsoftheincident.A)accessB)resortC)contactD)path65.Histrousers_____whenhetriedtojumpoverthefence.A)crackedB)splitC)brokeD)burst66.Sofar,___windsandcurrentshavekeptthethickpatchofoilsoutheastoftheAtlanticcoast.

402A)governingB)blowingC)prevailingD)ruling67.Theauthorwasrequiredtosubmitan___ofabout200wordstogetherwithhisresearchpaper.A)editionB)editorialC)articleD)abstract68.Astheoldempireswerebrokenupandnewstateswereformed,newofficialtonguesbeganto_____atanincreasingrate.A)bringupB)buildupC)springupD)strikeup69.Manypatientsinsistonhavingwatcheswiththeminhospital,___theyhavenoschedulestokeep.A)eventhoughB)forC)asifD)since70.Someplantsarevery_____tolight;theyprefertheshade.A)sensibleB)flexibleC)objectiveD)sensitivePartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper,YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.It'sanannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbye,andthat71eveningyou'reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards,72arethrowingthebooksatkids.73elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework74.What'sawell-meaningparenttodo?Ashardas75maybe,sitbackandchill,expertsadvise.Thoughyou'vegottogetthemtodoit,76helpingtoomuch,orevenexamining77toocarefully,youmaykeepthem78doingitbythemselves."Iwouldn'tadviseaparenttocheckevery79assignment,"sayspsychologistJohnRosemond,authorofEndingtheToughHomework."There'sa80ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren81thegradetheydeserve."Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir82.But"youdon'twantthemtofeelithastobe83,"shesays.That'snottosayparentsshould84homework--first,theyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids85.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin86four,five,andsixisstandard,saysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe"87momthananhourandahalf,"andtwoforhigh-schoolstudents.Ifyourchild88hasmomhomeworkthanthis,youmaywanttocheck89otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout90assignment71.A)veryB)exactC)rightD)usual72.A)officialsB)parentsC)expertsD)schools73.A)AlsoB)EvenC)ThenD)However

40374.A)fatigueB)confusionC)dutyD)puzzle75.A)thereB)weC)theyD)it76.A)viaB)underC)byD)for77.A)questionsB)answersC)standardsD)rules78.A)offB)withoutC)beyondD)from79.A)singleB)pieceC)pageD)other80.A)dropB)shortC)cutD)lack81.A)acquireB)earnC)gatherD)reach82.A)exercisesB)defectsC)mistakesD)tests83.A)perfectB)betterC)unusualD)complete84.A)forgetB)refuseC)missD)ignore85.A)haveB)prepareC)makeD)perform86.A)classesB)groupsC)gradesD)terms87.A)aboutB)noC)muchD)few88.A)previouslyB)rarelyC)merelyD)consistently89.A)withB)inC)outD)up90.A)finishingB)loweringC)reducingD)decliningPartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetterinreplytoafriend'sinquiryaboutapplyingforadmissiontoyourcollegeoruniversity.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1．建议报考的专业及理由2．报考该专业的基本条件3．应当如何备考ALetterinReplytoaFriendDecember27th,2003Dear2004年1月四级试题详解PartIListeningComprehensionSectionA

4041-5ABADC6-10BDBCD11-15CABCB16-20DACAB1.M:Ilikethecolorofthisshirt.Doyouhavealargersize?W:Thisisthelargestinthiscolor.Othercolorscomeinallsizes.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?2.M:Look！Theviewisfantastic.Couldyoutakeapictureofmewiththelakeinthebackground?W:IamafraidIjustranoutoffilm.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.M:Thefoodinthisrestaurantishorrible.Ifonlywe'dgonetotheschooldininghall.W:Butthefoodisn'teverything.Isn'titnicejusttogetawayfromallthenoise?Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?4.W:CanIhelpyou,sir?M:Yes.CanyoushowmethewaytoGate9forFlight901toHongKong?Iamquiteconfusedhere.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?5.W:Myheadacheiskillingme.Ithoughtitwasgoingaway.Butnow,it'sgettingworseandworse.M:Itoldyouyesterdaytomakeanappointment.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?6.W:Canyougiveahand,Mike?Iwanttomoveafewheavyitemsintothecar.M:I'dliketo,butIamalreadyfiveminuteslateformyappointmentwithMr.Johnsonandhisofficeisontheothersideofthecampus.Q:Whatwillthemanmostprobablydo?7.M:Ithinkyou'dbetterfindanotherpartner.Ilovetabletennis,butIdon'tthinkIamimproving.W:Look,Paul.It'sstilltooearlytoquit.Nobodyexpectsyoutobeasuperstar.Justkeepgoingandyou'llgetthehangofit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?8.M:Wouldyouliketotrythebananapie?It'sincredible.W:Well,totellthetruth,Idon'tcaremuchfordessertQ:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthebananapie?9.M:Iamexhausted.Istayedupthewholenightstudyingformymidtermmathsexam.W:Butwhydoyoualwayswaituntilthelastminute?Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?10.M:Ireallycan'taffordanymoreinterruptionsrightnow.I'vegottofinishtheassignmentW:Sorry.Justonemorething.Couldyougivemearidetoschooltomorrow?

405Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromtheconversation?SectionBPassageOne(12-A)Doyourememberatimewhenpeoplewerealittlenicerandgentlerwitheachother?Icertainlydo.AndIfeelthatmuchoftheworldhassomehowgottenawayfromthat.ToooftenIseepeoplerushingintoelevatorswithoutgivingthoseinsideachancetogetofffirst,orneversaying"thankyou"whenothersholdadooropenforthem.Wegetlazyandinourlazinesswethinkthatsomethinglikeasimple"thankyou"doesn'treallymatter.Butitcanmatterverymuch.Thefactisthatnomatterhownicelywedressorhowbeautifullywedecorateourhomes,wecan'tbetrulyelegantwithoutgoodmanners,becauseeleganceandgoodmannersalwaysgohandinhand.Infact,(11-C)Ithinkofgoodmannersasasortofhiddenbeautysecret.Haven'tyounoticedthatthekindest,mostgenerouspeopleseemtokeepgettingprettier?It'sfunnyhowthathappens.Butitdoes.Takethelong-lostartofsaying"thankyou".Likewearingalittlemakeupormakingsureyourhairisneat,gettingintothehabitofsaying"thankyou"canmakeyoufeelbetteraboutyourself.(13-B)Goodmannersaddtoyourimage,whileanangryfacemakesthebestdressedpersonlookugly.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?12.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeopleofthepast?13.Accordingtothespeaker,howcanwebestimproveourimage?PassageTwo"Gototheplaygroundandhavefun,"parentswilloftensaytotheirkids.Buttheyshouldrememberplaygroundscanbedangerous.Eachyear,about200,000childrenendupinhospitalemergencyroomswithplaygroundinjuries.Manyinjuriesinvolvefallsfromtoohighequipmentontotoohardsurfaces.Nearly70%oftheinjurieshappenonpublicplaygrounds.(14-C)Recentstudiesshowtheymaybebadlydesigned,theirprotectiveservicesareinadequateandtheirequipmentispoorlymaintained.Parentsshouldmakesurethattheequipmentintheplaygroundissafeandtheirchildrenareplayingsafely.Lastyear,thenationalprogramforplaygroundsafelygavethenation'splaygroundsagradeofCforsafetyaftervisitingmorethan3,000playgroundsnationwide.(15-B)Parentsshouldwatchclosely.Theyshouldalwaysbewithinshoutingandrunningdistanceoftheirchildren.Youngchildrendon'tunderstandcauseandeffect,sotheymayruninfrontofmovingswings.They'realsobetteratclimbingupthanatgettingdown,sotheymaypanicatthetopofaladder.It'simportantforthechildrentoknowyou'rewatchingthem.(16-D)Oncetheyfeelthatsenseofsecurity,that'swhentheycanbecreative.14.Whatisthecauseofplaygroundinjuries?15.Whatshouldparentsdotopreventplaygroundinjuries?

40616.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutyoungchildren?PassageThreeFor25years,Iwasafull-timethief,specializinginpickingpockets.WhereIcomefrominsoutheastLondon,that'sanhonorableprofession.(17-A)Anyonecanbreakinahouseandstealthings,butpickingsomebody'spockettakesskill.MysisterandIwereamongthemostsuccessfulpickpocketteamsinLondon.Weworkedinhotelandtheatrelobbies,airports,shoppingcentersandrestaurants.Nowwedon'tstealanymore,butthiscrimeisworldwide.Here'showtoprotectyourself:Professionalpickpocketsdonotseevictims,onlyhandbags,jewelsandmoney.Motherswithbabies,theelderly,thedisabledareallfairgame.(18-C)Mypreferredtargetwasthelonefemale,handbagatherside,therightsidetobeexact.SoifI'mnexttoher,Icanreachoutcautiouslywithmyrighthandacrossmybody.Onlyaboutonewomaninathousandcarriesherbagontheleft.AndItendedtosteerclearofthem.Womenwhosebagsarehanginginfrontofthemaretrickyforthepickpocketasthereisn'tablindside.Ifyouwanttomakeitevenharder,useabagwithhandlesratherthanastrap.(19-A)Formen,oneofthebestplacestokeepawalletisinthebackpocketoftighttrousers.You'llfeelanyattemptstomoveit.Anothergoodplaceisinthebuttoned-upinsidepocketofajacket.Thereisjustnowayin.Evenbetter,keepwalletsattachedtoachordorchainthatisfastenedtoabelt.Apickpocketneedstargetswhoarerelaxedandoff-guard.(20-B)Theperfectsettingisaclothingstore.Whencustomerswanderamongtheracks,theyarecompletelyabsorbedintheitemstheyholdup.Thepresenceofauniformedsecurityguardisevenbetter.Afullsenseofsecuritymakesthepickpocket'sjobmuchsimpler.17.Whydoesthespeakersaythatpickingsomebody'spocketisanhonorableprofessioninsoutheastLondon?18.Accordingtothespeaker,whoismostlikelytobecomeavictimofpickpockets?19.Inthespeaker'sopinion,whatisthebestplaceforamantokeephiswallet?20.Whatistheperfectsettingforpickingpocketsaccordingtothespeaker?21-25DBCCA26-30DBADC31-35BBDCA36-40CADBC41-45CDBCB46-50DBACA51-55ADBAC56-60BDCDA61-65BADAB66-70CDCDD71-75ADBAD76-80CBDAD81-85BCADA86-90CBDAC2003年9月四级试题PartI　　　　　　ListeningComprehension　　　　　(20minutes)

407SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:　　Youwillhear:　　　　　　Youwillread:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A)Attheoffice.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B)Inthewaitingroom.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　C)Attheairport.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D)Inarestaurant.　　Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)"Attheoffice"isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[-A-][B][C][D]1.A)GiveBobaphonecall.B)GoandpickBobup.C)GolookforBob.D)WaitforBob.2.A)Sheisworkinginthecity.B)Lifeinthesuburbsislonely.C)Jobsareeasiertofindinthecity.D)It'slessexpensivel/ringinthecity.3.A)Inaprintingshop.B)Atapublishinghouse.C)Atabookstore.D)Inalibrary.4.A)Thewomanbemorecarefulnexttime.B)Theytrytothinkofasolution.C)Thewomanfindsasparekey.D)Theycomedownstairs.5.A)Sendingane-mail.

408B)Workinginanoffice.C)Talkingonthephone.D)Doingspellingpractice.6.A)Buysomethingforthepicnic.B)Goforaridearoundtown.C)Goshoppingwiththeman.D)Haveapicnic.7.A)Thewomanmisplacedherclasspermitforbiology.B)Thewomanarrivedforregistrationtooearly.C)Thewomanmissedregistrationforthebiologycourse.D)Thewomangotawrongclasspermit.8.A)ThewomanlikestheweatherinNewYorkverymuch.B)ThewomanwillstayinNewYorkalongtime.C)ThemanisplanningtovisitNewYork.D)It'squitecoldinNewYorknow.9.A)Theoldladysittingnexttothecouplelikestoysverymuch.B)Anoldladytookthecouple’ssuitcaseforherown.C)Thecouple'ssuitcasewasstolenintherestaurant.D)Themanforgottoputthetoysintheirsuitcase.10.A)She'sflyingtoHongKong.B)She'sgoingtobuyanairticket.C)She'sgoingtosaygood-byetoBill.D)She'sleavingforHongKongwithBill.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Theyhimonlyretiredworkers.B)Theyeachdojobstheyaregoodat.C)Theyclosethehotelduringlowseasons.

409D)Theyemployasfewworkersaspossible.12.A)Stafftraining.B)Book-keeping.C)Cleaningandwashingup.D)Gardeningandflowerarranging.13.A)Theyhavetheirhotelbeautifullydecorated.B)Theyprovidedeliciousfood.C)Theymaketheirguestsfeelathome.D)Theygivepartiesregularlyfortheirvisitors.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Towithdrawhisdeposit.B)Tocashacheek.C)Torobthebank.D)Togethisprize.15.A)AradioannouncerB)Abankemployee.C)Acarmechanic.D)Amovieactor.16.A)Theylethimdowhathewantedto.B)Theyhelpedhimfindlargebills.C)Theypressedthealarm.D)Theycalledthepolice.17.A)Hewasafraidthatbewouldbecaughtonthespot.B)Largebillswerenotwithinhisreach.C)Themaximumsumallowedwas55,000.D)Hewaslimitedbytimeandthesizeofhispockets.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)ArescuerontheGoldenGateBridge.B)Aprofessionaldiver.C)Atelephoneoperator.D)AguardontheGoldenGateBridge.

41019.A)Someonehamfallenoffthebridge.B)Someoneonthebridgeisbeingattacked.C)Someoneisthreateningtodestroythebridge.D)Someoneonthebridgeisattemptingtokillhimself.20.A)Callthemothertocomefightaway.B)Trytocommunicatewiththemfirst.C)Helpthemtogetoutoftheirmisty.D)Remindthemthattheyhavechildrentotakecareof.PartⅡReadingComprehension(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelingthroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Arectalstudy,publishedinlastweek’sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation,offersapictureofhowriskyitistogetaliftfromateenagedriver,Indeed,a16-year-olddriverwiththreeormorepassengersisthreetimesaslikelytohaveafatalaccidentasateenagerdrivingalone,Bycontrast,theriskofdeathfordriversbetween30and59decreaseswitheachadditionalpassenger.Theauthoralsofoundthatthedeathratesforteenagedriversincreaseddramaticallyafter10p.m.,andespeciallyaftermidnight,Withpassengersinthecar,thedriverwasevenmorelikelytodieinalate-nightaccident.RobertFoss,ascientistattheUniversityofNorthCarolinaHighwaySafetyResearchCenter,saysthehigherdeathratesforteenagedrivershavelesstodowith“reallystupidbehavior”thanwithjustalackofdrivingexperience.“Thebasicissue.”Besays,“isthatadultswhoareresponsibleforissuinglicensesfailtorecognizehowcomplexandskilledataskdrivingis.”Bothheandtheauthorofthestudybelievethatthewaytomitigate(使…缓解)theproblemistohavestatesinstituteso-calledgraduatedlicensingsystems,inwhichgettingalicenseisamultistageprocess.Agraduatedlicenserequiresthatateenagerfirstprovehimselfcapableofdrivinginthepresenceofanadult,followedbyaperiodofdrivingwithnightofmassagerrestrictions,beforegraduatingtofulldrivingprivileges.Graduatedlicensingsystemshavereducedteenagedrivercrashes,accordingtorecentstudies,Abouthalfofthestatesnowhavesomesortofgraduatedlicensingsysteminplace,butonly10ofthosestateshaverestrictionsonpassengers,Californiaisthestrictest,withanovice(新手)driverprohibitedfromcarryinganypassengerunder20(withoutthepresenceofanadultover25)forthefirstsixmonths.

41121.Whichofthefollowingsituationsismostdangerousaccordingtothepassage?A)Adultsgivingalifttoteenagersonthehighwayafter10p.m.B)Ateenagerdrivingaftermidnightwithpassengersinthecar.C)Adultsdrivingwiththreeormoreteenagepassengerslateatnight.D)Ateenagergettingaliftfromastrangeronthehighwayatmidnight.22.AccordingtoRobertFoss.Thehighdeathrateofteenagedriversismainlydueto______.A)theirfrequentdrivingatnightB)theirimproperwayofdrivingC)theirlackofdrivingexperienceD)theirdrivingwithpassengers23.AccordingtoParagraph3.whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A)Teenagersshouldspendmoretimelearningtodrive.B)Drivingisaskilltoocomplicatedforteenagerstolearn.C)Restrictionsshouldbeimposedonteenagersapplyingtotakedrivinglessons.D)Thelicensingauthoritiesarepartlyresponsibleforteenagers'drivingaccidents.24.Asuggestedmeasuretobetakentoreduceteenagers'drivingaccidentsisthat________.A)drivinginthepresenceofanadultshouldbemadearuleB)theyshouldbeprohibitedfromtakingonpassengersC)theyshouldnotbeallowedtodriveafter10p.m.D)thelicensingsystemshouldbeimproved25.Thepresentsituationinabouthalfofthestatesisthatthegraduatedlicensingsystem________.A)isunderdiscussionB)isabouttobesetupC)hasbeenputintoeffectD)hasbeenperfectedPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouwant,thebestroutetoajobistogetspecializedtraining.Arecentsurveyshowsthatcompaniesthegraduatesinsuchfieldsasbusinessandhealthcarewhocangotoworkimmediatelywithverylittleon-the-jobtraining.That'sespeciallytrueofbooingfieldsthatarechallengingforworkers.AtCornell'sSchoolofHotelAdministration,forexample,bachelor'sdegreegraduatesgetanaverageoffourorfivejobsofferswithsalariesrangingfromthehighteenstothelow20sandplentyofchancesforrapidadvancement.Largecompanies,

412especially,likeabackgroundofformaleducationcoupledwithworkexperience.Butinthelongrun,toomuchspecializationdoesn'tpayoff.Business,whichhasbeenfloodedwithMBAs,nolongerconsidersthedegreeanautomaticstampofapproval.TheMBAmayopendoorsandcommandahighersalaryinitially,buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears.Asfurtherevidenceoftheerosion(销蚀)ofcorporate(公司的)faithinspecializeddegrees,MichiganState’sScheetzcitesapatternincorporatehiringpractices,Althoughcompaniestendtotakeonspecialistsasnewhires,theyoftenseekoutgeneralistsformiddleandupper-levelmanagement.“Theywantsomeonewhoisn’tconstrained(限制)bynutsandboltstolookatthebigpicture,”saysScheetz.Thissoundssuspiciouslylikeaformalstatementthatyouapproveoftheliberal-artsgraduate.Timeandagainlabor-marketanalystsmentionaneedfortalentsthatliberal-artsmajorsareassumedtohave:writingandcommunicationskills,organizationalskills,open-mindednessandadaptability,andtheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems,DavidBirchclaimshedoesnothireanybodywithanMBAoranengineeringdegree,“Ihireonlyliberal-artspeoplebecausetheyhavealess-than-cannedwayofdoingthings,”saysBirch.Liberal-artsmeansanacademicallythoroughandstrictprogramthatincludesliterature,history,mathematics,economics,science,humanbehavior—plusacomputercourseortwo.Withthatunderyourbelt,youcanfeelfreetospecialize,“Aliberal-artsdegreecoupledwithanMBAorsomeothertechnicaltrainingisaverygoodcombinationinthemarketplace,”saysScheetz.26.Whatkindsofpeopleareinhighdemandonthejobmarket?A)Studentswithabachelor'sdegreeinhumanities.B)PeoplewithanMBAdegreefronttopuniversities.C)Peoplewithformalschoolingplusworkexperience.D)Peoplewithspecialtraininginengineering27.Bysaying“…buttheimpactofadegreewashesoutafterfiveyears”(Line3,Para,3),theauthormeans________.A)mostMBAprogramsfailtoprovidestudentswithasolidfoundationB)anMBAdegreedoesnothelppromotiontomanagerialpositionsC)MBAprogramswillnotbeaspopularinfiveyears'timeastheyarenowD)infivepeoplewillforgetaboutthedegreetheMBAgraduateshavegot28.AccordingtoScheetz'sstatement(Lines4-5.Para.4),companiesprefer________.A)peoplewhohaveastrategicmindB)peoplewhoaretalentedinfineartsC)peoplewhoareambitiousandaggressiveD)peoplewhohavereceivedtraininginmechanics

41329.DavidBirchclaimsthatheonlyhiresliberal-artspeoplebecause________.A)theyaremorecapableofhandlingchangingsituationsB)theycansticktoestablishedwaysofsolvingproblemsC)theyarethoroughlytrainedinavarietyofspecializedfieldsD)theyhaveattendedspecialprogramsinmanagement30.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthorsupport?A)Specialistsaremoreexpensivetohirethangeneralists.B)Formalschoolingislessimportantthanjobtraining.C)On-the-jobtrainingis,inthelongrun,lesscostly.D)Generalistswilloutdospecialistsinmanagement.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AboutsixyearsagoIwaseatinglunchinarestaurantinNewYorkCitywhenawomanandayoungboysatdownatthenexttable,Icouldn’thelpoverhearingpartsoftheirconversation.Atonepointthewomanasked:"So,howhaveyoubeen?"Andtheboy—whocouldnothavebeenmorethansevenoreightyearsold—replied."Frankly,I'vebeenfeelingalittledepressedlately.''Thisincidentstuckinmymindbecauseitconfirmedmygrowingbeliefthatchildrenarechanging.AsfarasIcanremember,myfriendsandIdidn’tfindoutwewere“depressed”untilwewereinhighschool.Theevidenceofachangeinchildrenhasincreasedsteadilyinrecentyears.Childrendon’tseemchildlikeanymore.Childrenspeakmorelikeadults,dressmorelikeadultsandbehavemorelikeadultsthantheyusedto.Whetherthisisgoodorbadisdifficulttosay,butitcertainlyisdifferent.Childhoodasitoncewasnolongerexists,Why?Humandevelopmentisbasednotonlyoninnate(天生的)biologicalstates,butalsoonpatternsofaccesstosocialknowledge.Movementfromonesocialroletoanotherusuallyinvolveslearningthesecretsofthenewstatus.Childrenhavealwaysbeentaughtadultsecrets,butslowlyandinstages:traditionally,wetellsixthgradersthingswekeephiddenfromfifthgraders.Inthelast30years.however,asecret-revelation(揭示)machinehasbeeninstalledin98percentofAmericanhomes.Itiscalledtelevision,Televisionpassesinformation,andindiscriminately(不加区分地),toallviewersalike,betheychildrenoradults.Unabletoresistthetemptation,manychildrenturntheirattentionfromprintedtextstothelesschallenging,morevividmovingpictures.Communicationthroughprint,asamatteroffact,allowsforagreatdealofcontroloverthesocialinformationtowhichchildrenhaveaccess.Readingandwritinginvolveacomplexcodeofsymbolsthatmustbememorizedandpractices.Childrenmustreadsimplebooksbeforetheycanreadcomplexmaterials.

41431.Accordingtotheauthor,feelingdepressedis________.A)asuresignofapsychologicalprobleminachildB)somethinghardlytobeexpectedinayoungchildC)aninevitablehasofchildren'smentaldevelopmentD)amentalscalepresentinallhumans,includingchildren32.Traditionally,achildissupposedtolearnabouttheadultworld________.A)throughcontactwithsocietyB)graduallyandunderguidanceC)naturallyandbybiologicalinstinctD)throughexposuretosocialinformation33.Thephenomenonthattoday’schildrenseemadultlikeisattributedbytheauthorto________.A)thewidespreadinfluenceoftelevisionB)thepoorarrangementofteachingcontentC)thefastpaceofhumanintellectualdevelopmentD)theconstantlyrisingstandardofliving34.Whyistheauthorinfavorofcommunicationthroughprintforchildren?A)Itenableschildrentogainmoresocialinformation.B)Itdevelopschildren'sinterestinreadingandwriting.C)Ithelpschildrentomemorizeandpracticemore.D)Itcancontrolwhatchildrenaretolearn.35.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthechangeintoday’schildren?A)Hefeelsamusedbychairprematurebehavior.B)Hethinksitisaphenomenonworthyofnote.C)Heconsidersitapositivedevelopment.D)Heseemstobeupsetaboutit.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage."Opinion"isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mosttoattachgreatimportancetoit."Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,''and''Everyone’sentitledtohisopinion,''arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother'sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother'sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinion

415youhaveinmind.Forexample,youmayaskafriend,“WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?”Andhemayreply,"Inmyopinion,they'reugly."Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes,''It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste."Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotshaletheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes,theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE,accordingtotheauthor?A)Everyonehasarighttoholdhisownopinion.B)Freeexpressionofopinionsoftenleadstoconfusion.C)Mostpeopletendtobecarelessinformingtheiropinions.D)Casualuseoftheword"opinion"oftenbringsaboutquarrels.37.Accordingtotheauthor,whoofthefollowingwouldbelaboredasintolerant?A)Someonewhoturnsadeafeartoothers'opinions.B)Someonewhocan'tputupwithothers'tastes.C)Someonewhovaluesonlytheirownopinions.D)Someonewhoseopinionharm.otherpeople.38.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat________.A)itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrandB)oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinionsC)personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallengedD)itisunwisetoexpressone'slikesanddislikesinpublic39.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferenceinthat________.A)itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourtB)itreflectspubliclikeanddislikesC)itisaresultofalotofcontroversyD)itisbasedoncarefulthought

41640.Asindicatedinthepassage,beingfreetoactonone'sopinion________.A)meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople'scriticismB)meansthatonecanimposehispre6ereaccsonothersC)doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwillD)doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidencePartⅢVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesit:thispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChooseciteONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarktheCorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.Thebeamthatis______byalaserdiffersinseveralwaysfromthelightthatcomesoutofaflashlight.A)emittedB)transportedC)motivatedD)translated42.Webookedroomsatthehotel________weshouldfindnovacanciesonourarrival.A)wheneverB)ifC)sinceD)lest43.Modernformsoftransportationandcommunicationhavedonemuchto________theisolationoflifeinAlaska.A)breakthroughB)breakdownC)breakintoD)breakout44.Weknowthroughpainfulexperiencethatfreedomisneverbytheoppressor;itmustbe________bytheoppressed.A)demandedB)commandedC)requiredD)requested45.Colorandsexarenotrelevant________whetherapersonissuitableforthejob.A)onB)forC)toD)with46.________theenormousflowoffoodfromtheentireglobe,thesecountrieshaveformanyyearsnotfeltanypopulationpressure.A)ThankstoB)BymeansofC)InlinewithD)Withregardto47.Researchuniversitieshavetokeepupwiththelatestcomputerandscientifichardware________price.A)OnaccountofB)regardlessofC)inadditiontoD)nottomention48.Threeuniversitydepartmentshavebeen________$600,000todevelopgoodpracticeinteachingandlearning.A)promotedB)includedC)securedD)awarded49.Therapiddevelopmentofcommunicationstechnologyistransformingthe________inwhichpeoplecommunicateacrosstimeandspace.A)moodB)missionC)mannerD)vision50.Mr.Jonesholdsstrongviewsagainstvideogamesand________theclosingofallrecreationfacilitiesfor

417suchgames.A)assistsB)acknowledgesC)advocatesD)admits51.Workersinthefinearts________thoughtsandfeelingsthroughtheircreativeworks.A)transmitB)elaborateC)conveyD)contribute52.Smallasitis,theantisasmuchacreatureas________allotheranimalsonearth.A)areB)doC)isD)have53.Thepolicemandeclaredthattheblowonthevictim'shead________frombehind.A)shouldhavebeenmadeB)musthavebeenmadeC)wouldhavebeenmadeD)oughttohavebeenmade54.Findingajobcanbe__anddisappointing,andthereforeitisimportantthatyouareprepared.A)exploitingB)frustratingC)profitingD)misleading55.ItBritishgovernmentoftensaysthatfurnishingchildrenwith________totheinformationsuperhighwayisatoppriority.A)procedureB）protectionC)allowanceD)access56.LouisHerman,attheUniversityofHawall,has________aseriesofnewexperimentsinwhichsomeanimalshavelearnedtounderstandsentences.A)installedB)equippedC)devisedD)formatted57.ResearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisdeterminedthatthe________ofafathercanhelpimproveachild’sgrades.A)involvementB)interactionC)associationD)communication58.Wecanacceptyourorder________paymentismadeinadvance.A)inthebeliefthatB)inorderthatC)ontheexcusethatD)onconditionthat59.Manyinthecreditindustryexpectthatcreditcardswilleventually________papermoneyforalmosteverypurchase.A)exchangeB)reduceC)replaceD)trade60.Anydonationyoucangivewillhelpus________thesufferingandisolationofthehomelessthisNewYear.A)liftB)patchC)comfortD)ease61.InIndiamorethanonehundredlanguagesarespoken,________whichonlyfourteenarerecognizedasofficial.A)ofB)inC)withD)within62.Techniquesfor________sleepwouldinvolvelearningtocontrolbothmindandbodysothatsleepcanoccur.

418A)cultivatingB)promotingC)pushingD)strengthening63.Itisimportantto________betweentherulesofgrammarandtheconventionsofwrittenlanguage.A)determineB)promotingC)exploreD)distinguish64.ItistooearlytosaywhetherIBM’scompetitorswillbeableto________theirproductstothenewhardwareatanaffordablecost.A)adaptB)stickC)yieldD)adopt65.Thisresearchhasattractedwidecoverageinthe________andhasfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.A)dataB)sourceC)messageD)media66.IhadjustpostedtheletterwhenIrememberedthathadn’t________thecheque.A)imposedB)involvedC)enclosedD)contained67.Shehadatenseexpressiononherface,________shewereexpectingtrouble.A)eventhoughB)asthoughC)evenasD)nowthat68.Theywere________admissiontothemilitaryexhibitionbecausetheywereforeigners.A)deniedB)declinedC)deprivedD)rejected69.Itgavemeastrangefeelingofexcitementtoseemynamein________.A)prospectB)printC)processD)press70.Residentswerecuttingtheirlawns,washingtheircarsandotherwise________apleasant,sunnyday.A)idlingawayB)takingawayC)chasingawayD)drivingawayPartⅣShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewith8questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinfewestpossiblewords.Youranswermaybeaword,aphrase,orashortsentence.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovidedontherightofthepage.Sportsisoneoftheworld’slargestindustries,andmostathletesareprofessionalswhoarepaidfortheirefforts.Becauseanathletesucceedsbyachievementonly—notbyeconomicbackgroundorfamilyconnections—sportscanbeafastroutetowealth,andmanyathletesplayonlyformoneythanforlove.Thishasnotalwaysbeentrue.IntheancientOlympicsthewinnergotonlyawreathofoliveleaves(橄榄叶花环).Eventhoughthewinnersbecamenationalheroes,thegamesremainedamateurforcenturies.Athleteswonfame,butnomoney.Astimepassed,however,thecontestsbecameincreasinglylessamateurandcitiesbegantohireathletestorepresentthem.BythefourthcenturyA.D.,theOlympicswereruined,andtheyweresoonended.In1896,theOlympicgameswererevived(使再度兴起)withthesamegoalofpureamateurcompetition.Therulesbarathleteswhohaveeverreceiveda$50prizeoranathleticscholarsorwhohavespentfourweeks

419inatrainingcamp.Atleastonecompetitorinthe1896gamesmetthesequalifications.HewasSpiridonLoues,awatercarrierwhowonthemarathonrace,afterrace,arichAthenianofferedhimanythinghewanted.Atrueamateur,Louesacceptedonlyacartandahorse.Thenhegaveuprunningforever.ButLoueswasanexceptionandnow,astheChairmanoftheGermanOlympicCommitteesaid,“Nobodypaysanyattentiontotheserules.”Manycountriespaytheirathletestotrainyear-round,andOlympicathletesareeagertoselltheirnamestocompaniesthatmakeeverythingfromskiequipmenttofastfood.Eventhegamesthemselveshavebecomeahugebusiness.CountriesfighttoholdtheOlympicsnotonlyforhonor,butformoney.The1972gamesinMunichcosttheGermans545milliondollars,butbysellingmedalsymbols,TVrights,food,drink,hotelrooms,andsouvenirs(纪念品),theymanagedtomakeaprofit.Appropriately,thesymbolofvictoryintheOlympicgamesisnolongerasimpleolivewreath—itisagoldmedal.S1.Tomanypeople,sportstodayisnothingS1.________but.S2.Whatdomostathletesoftodaygoafter?S2.________S3.WhatrewardcouldanancientGreekathleteS3.________expect?S4.BythefourthcenturyA.D.,OlympiccontestsbecameincreasinglymoreS4._______thusruiningtheOlympics.S5.WhentheOlympicgameswererevivedinS5.________1896,athleteswhohadreceivedspecialtrainingincampswouldbeS5.S6.WhatdidSpiridonLouesdoafterheacceptedS6.________theAthenian’sgift?S7.Accordingtotheauthor,someathletesareS7.________EvenwillingtoadvertiseforbusinessesWhichsellthingslikeS7.S8.The1972MunichgamesmanagedtomakeS8.(1)________abigprofitmainlybyS8.(1)services(2)________andsellingS8(2).PartⅤWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicTheDayMyClassmateFellIll(orGotInjured).Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.简单叙述一下这位同学生病（或受伤）的情况2.同学、老师和我是如何帮助他/她的3.人与人之间的这种相互关爱给我的感受是……TheDayMyClassmateFellIll(orGotInjured)

4202003年9月四级试题详解参考答案PartⅠListeningComprehension1-----5DACBC6----10ABCBA11---15DCCDC16---20ADADBPartⅡReadingComprehension21---25BCDDC26---30CBAAD31---35BBADB36---40ABCDCPartⅢVocabularyandStructure41---45ADAAC46---50ABDCC51---55CABBD56---60CADCD61---65ABDAD66---70CBABAPartⅣShortAnswerQuestionsS1afastroutetowealthS2moneyS3awreathofoliveleaves/olivewreathS4professionalS5barredS6Hegaveuprunningforever./Givinguprunningforever.S7SkiequipmentandfastfoodS8(1)hotel(2)medalsymbols,TVrights,souvenirs,foodanddrinks2003年6月四级试题PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbepause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithalinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)Attheoffice.C)Attheairport.B)Inthewaitingroom.D)Inarestaurant.

421Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)"Attheoffice"isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1. A)AtatheatreB)Atabookingoffice.C)Atarailwaystation.D)Atarestaurant.2. A)Themanisinvitingthewomantodinner.B)Thewomanistoobusytojointhemanfordinner.C)ThewomanisafriendoftheStevensons’.D)ThemanisgoingtovisittheStevensons’.3. A)Theprofessor’spresentationwasnotconvincingenough.B)Theprofessor’slecturenotesweretoocomplicated.C)Theprofessorspokewithastrongaccent.D)Theprofessorspoketoofast.4. A)Thefurnishedapartmentwasinexpensive.B)Theapartmentwasprovidedwithsomeoldfurniture.C)ThefurnitureunthemarketwasonsaleeverySunday.D)Thefurnitureheboughtwasverycheap.5. A)Themanisthinkingabouttakinganewjob.B)Themanlikesajobthatenableshimtotravel.C)Themanissurethathewillgainmorebytakingthejob.D)Themandoesn’twanttostayhomeandtakecareoftheirchild.6. A)TaketheGREtestagainin8weeks.B)Calltocheckhisscores.C)Bepatientandwait.D)Inquirewhenthetestscoresarereleased.7. A)ShereaditselectivelyB).ShewentoveritchapterbychapterC).ShereaditslowlyD)Shefinisheditatastretch.8. A)Hewaskeptinhospitalforalongtime.

422B)Hewasslightlyinjuredinatrafficaccident.C)Hewasseriouslywoundedinamineexplosion.D)Hewasfinedforspeeding.9. A)Waitforataxi.B)Buysomefood.C)Goonatrip.D)Booktraintickets.10. A)It’snotashardasexpected.B)It’stootoughforsomestudents.C)It’smuchmoredifficultthanpeoplethink.D)It’sbelievedtobethehardestoptionalcourse.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageoneQuestion11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11. A)Anxiousandworried.B)Proudandexcited.C)Nervousandconfused.D)Inspiredandconfident.12. A)Hisfatherscoldedhimseverely.B)Hisfathertookbackthesixdollars.C)Hisfathermadehimdothecuttingagain.D)Hisfathercuttheleaveshimself.13. A)Onecanbenefitalotfromworkingwithhisfather.B)Manuallabourersshouldn’tbelookeddownupon.C)Oneshouldalwaysdohisjobearnestly.D)Teenagerstendtobecareless.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14. A)Heranavillageshop.

423 B)Heworkedonafarm.C)Heworkedinanadvertisingagency.D)Hewasagardener.15. A)Itwasstressful.B)Itwascolorful.C)Itwaspeaceful.D)Itwasboring.16. A)Hisdesiretostarthisownbusiness.B)Thecrisisinhisfamilylife.C)Thedeclineinhishealth. D)Hisdreamoflivinginthecountryside.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17. A)Becausetherearenosignstodirectthem.B)Becausenotourguidesareavailable.C)Becauseallthebuildingsinthecitylookalike.D)Becausetheuniversityiseverywhereinthecity.18. A)Theysettheirownexams.B)Theyselecttheirownstudents. C)Theyawardtheirowndegrees. D)Theyorganizetheirownlaboratorywork.19. A)Mostofthemhavealonghistory. B)Manyofthemarespecializedlibraries.C)Theyhousemorebooksthananyotheruniversitylibrary.D)TheyeachhaveacopyofeverybookpublishedinBritain.20. A)Veryfewofthemareengagedinresearch. B)Theywerenotawardeddegreesuntil1948.C)Theyhaveoutnumberedmalestudents.D)Theywerenottreatedequallyuntil1881.PartII ReadingComprehension (35minutes)Direction: Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.

424PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　 Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet(芭蕾舞).Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.　　 “Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparablemountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.)　　 Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsages3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.　　 Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetime”watchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?21. Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans________.　　 A)childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents　　 B)childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents　　 C)bothparentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime　　 D)bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime22. Accordingtotheauthor,thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.　　 A)quiteconvincing　　 B)partiallytrue　　 C)totallygroundless　　 D)ratherconfusing23. Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.　　 A)hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying　　 B)heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

425　　 C)hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities　　 D)heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents24. TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.　　 A)areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities　　 B)areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers　　 C)arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV　　 D)areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork25. Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.　　 A)extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence　　 B)mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff　　 C)effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful　　 D)mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildrenPassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　 HenryFord,thefamousU.S.inventorandcarmanufacturer,oncesaid,‘ThebusinessofAmericaisbusiness.”BythishemeantthattheU.S.wayoflifeisbasedonthevaluesofthebusinessworld.　　 FewwouldarguewithFord’sstatement.AbriefglimpseatadailynewspapervividlyshowshowmuchpeopleintheUnitedStatesthinkaboutbusiness.Forexample,nearlyeverynewspaperhasabusinesssection,inwhichthedealsandprojects,financesandmanagement,stockpricesandlaborproblemsofcorporationsarereporteddaily.Inaddition,businessnewscanappearineveryothersection.Mostnationalnewshasanimportantfinancialaspecttoit.Welfare,foreignaid,thefederalbudget,andthepoliciesoftheFederalReserveBankareallheavilyaffectedbybusiness.Moreover,businessnewsappearsinsomeoftheunlikeliestplaces.Theworldofartsandentertainmentisoftenreferredtoas“theentertainmentindustry”or“showbusiness.”　　 ThepositivesideofHenryFord’sstatementcanbeseenintheprosperitythatbusinesshasbroughttoU.S.life.OneofthemostimportantreasonssomanypeoplefromallovertheworldcometoliveintheUnitedStatesisthedreamofabetterjob.Jobsareproducedinabundance(大量地)becausetheU.S.economicsystemisdrivenbycompetition.Peoplebelievethatthissystemcreatesmorewealth,morejobs,andamateriallybetterwayoflife.　　 ThenegativesideofHenryFord’sstatement,however,canbeseenwhenthewordbusinessistakentomeanbigbusiness.Andthetermbigbusiness—referringtothebiggestcompanies,isseeninoppositiontolabor.ThroughoutU.S.historyworkingpeoplehavehadtofighthardforhigherwages,betterworkingconditions,andtherighttoformunions.Today,manyoftheoldlabordisputesareover,butthereisstillsomeemployeeanxiety.Downsizing—thelayingoffofthousandsofworkerstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshigh

426--createsfeelingsofinsecurityformany.26. TheunitedStatesisatypicalcountry______.　 A)whichencouragesfreetradeathomesandabroad　 B)wherepeople’schiefconcernishowtomakemoney　 C)whereallbusinessesaremanagedscientifically　 D)whichnormallyworksaccordingtothefederalbudget27. TheinfluenceofbusinessintheU.S.isevidencedbythefactthat______.　 A)mostnewspapersarerunbybigbusinesses　 B)evenpublicorganizationsconcentrateonworkingforprofits　 C)Americansofallprofessionsknowhowtodobusiness　 D)evenartsandentertainmentareregardedasbusiness28. Accordingtothepassage,immigrantschoosetosettleintheU.S.,dreamingthat______.　 A)theycanstartprofitablebusinessesthere　B)theycanbemorecompetitiveinbusiness　 C)theywillmakeafortuneovernightthere　 D)theywillfindbetterchancesofemployment29. HenryFord’sstatementscanbetakennegativelybecause______.　 A)workingpeoplearediscouragedtofightfortheirrights　 B)therearemanyindustriescontrolledbyafewbigcapitalists　 C)thereisaconflictingrelationshipbetweenbigcorporationsandlabor　 D)publicservicesarenotrunbythefederalgovernment30. Acompany’seffortstokeepexpenseslowandprofitshighmayresultin______.　　A)reductioninthenumberofemployees　　B)improvementofworkingconditions　　C)fewerdisputesbetweenlaborandmanagementD)ariseinworkers’wagesPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　 ProfessorSmithrecentlypersuaded35people,23ofthemwomen,tokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsforafortnight.Whenhecametoanalysetheirembarrassinglapses(差错)inascientificreport,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroupings.Nordidthelapsesappeartobeentirelyrandom(随机的).　　 Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherdogherearrings

427andtriedtofixadogbiscuitonherear.“Theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“Peopleprogrammethemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherearrings.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversedintheprogramme.”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“programmeassemblyfailures.”　　 Altogetherthevolunteerslogged433unintentionalactionsthattheyfoundthemselvesdoing–anaverageoftwelveeach.Thereappeartobepeakperiodsinthedaywhenweareatourzaniest(荒谬可笑的).Thesearetwohourssometimebetweeneighta.m.andnoon,betweenfourandsixp.m.withasmallerpeakbetweeneightandtenp.m.“Amongmenthepeakseemstobewhenachangeoverinbrain‘programmes’occurs,asforinstancebetweengoingtoandfromwork.”Womenonaveragereportedslightlymorelapses–12.5comparedwith10.9formen–probablybecausetheyweremorereliablereporters.　　 Astartlingfindingoftheresearchisthattheabsent-mindedactivityisahazardofdoingthingsinwhichweareskilled.Normally,youwouldexpectthatskillreducesthenumberoferrorswemake.Buttryingtoavoidsillyslipsbyconcentratingmorecouldmakethingsalotworse–evendangerous.31. InhisstudyProfessorSmithaskedthesubjects______.　　 A)tokeeptrackofpeoplewhotendtoforgetthings　　 B)toreporttheirembarrassinglapsesatrandom　　 C)toanalysetheirawkwardexperiencesscientifically　　 D)tokeeparecordofwhattheydidunintentionally32. ProfessorSmithdiscoveredthat______.　　 A)certainpatternscanbeidentifiedintherecordedincidents　　 B)manypeopleweretooembarrassedtoadmittheirabsent-mindedness　　 C)mentendtobemoreabsent-mindedthanwomen　　 D)absent-mindednessisanexcusablehumanweakness33. “Programmeassemblyfailures”(Line6,Para.2)referstothephenomenonthatpeople______.　　 A)oftenfailtoprogrammetheirroutinesbeforehand　　 B)tendtomakemistakeswhentheyareinahurry　　 C)unconsciouslychangethesequenceofdoingthings　　 D)arelikelytomessthingsupiftheyaretootired34. Welearnfromthethirdparagraphthat______.　　 A)absent-mindednesstendstooccurduringcertainhoursoftheday　　 B)womenareverycarefultoperformactionsduringpeakperiods　　 C)womenexperiencemorepeakperiodsofabsent-mindedness

428　　 D)men’sabsent-mindednessoftenresultsinfunnysituations35. Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat______.　　 A)peopleshouldavoiddoingimportantthingsduringpeakperiodsoflapses　　 B)hazardscanbeavoidedwhenpeopledothingstheyaregoodat　　 C)peopleshouldbecarefulwhenprogrammingtheiractions　　 D)lapsescannotalwaysbeattributedtolackofconcentrationPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:　　 It’snosecretthatmanychildrenwouldbehealthierandhappierwithadoptiveparentsthanwiththeparentsthatnaturedealtthem.That’sespeciallytrueofchildrenwhoremaininabusivehomesbemusethelawblindlyfavorsbiologicalparents.It’salsotrueofchildrenwhosufferforyearsinfosterhomes(收养孩子的家庭)becauseofparentswhocan’torwon’tcareforthembutrefusetogiveupcustody(监护)rights.　　 Fourteen-year-oldKimberlyMaysfitsneitherdescription,butherrecentcourtvictorycouldeventuallyhelpchildrenwhodo.Kimberlyhasbeentheobjectofanangrycustodybattlebetweenthemanwhoraisedherandherbiologicalparents,withwhomshehasneverlived.AFloridajudgeruledthattheteenagercanremainwiththeonlyfathershe’severknownandthatherbiologicalparentshave“nolegalclaim”onher.　　 Theruling,thoughitmayyetbereversed,setsasidetheprinciplethatbiologyistheprimarydeterminantofparentage.That’sanimportantdevelopment,onethat’slongoverdue.　　 ShortlyafterbirthinDecember1978,KimberlyMaysandanotherinfantweremistakenlyswitchedandsenthomewiththewrongparents.Kimberly’sbiologicalparents,ErnestandReginaTwigg,receivedachildwhodiedofaheartdiseasein1988.Medicaltestsshowedthatthechildwasn’ttheTwiggs’owndaughter,butKimberlywas,thussparkingacustodybattlewithRobertMays.In1989,thetwofamiliesagreedthatMr.MayswouldmaintaincustodywiththeTwiggsgettingvisitingrights.ThoserightswereendedwhenMr.MaysdecidedthatKimberlywasbeingharmed.　　 ThedecisiontoleaveKimberlywithMr.Maysrenderedhersuitdebated.ButthejudgemadeclearthatKimberlydidhavestandingtosue(起诉)onherownbehalf.Thushemadeclearthatshewasmorethanjustpropertytobehandledasadultssawfit.　　 Certainly,thebiologicallinkbetweenparentandchildisfundamental.Butbiologicalparentsaren’talwayspreferabletoadoptiveones,andbiologicalparentagedoesnotconveyanabsoluteownershipthatcancelsalltherightsofchildren.36. WhatwastheprimaryconsiderationintheFloridajudge’sruling?　　 A)Thebiologicallink.　　 B)Thechild’sbenefits.

429　　 C)Thetraditionalpractice.　　 D)Theparents’feelings.37. WecanlearnfromtheKimberlycasethat______.　　 A)childrenaremorethanjustpersonalpossessionsoftheirparents　　 B)thebiologicallinkbetweenparentsandchildshouldbeemphasized　　 C)fosterhomesbringchildrenmorepainandsufferingthancare　　 D)biologicalparentsshouldn’tclaimcustodyrightsaftertheirchildisadopted38. TheTwiggsclaimedcustodyrightstoKimberlybecause______.　　 A)theyfoundherunhappyinMr.Mays’custody　　 B)theyregardedherastheirproperty　　 C)theywereherbiologicalparents　　 D)theyfeltguiltyabouttheirpastmistake39. KimberlyhadbeengiventoMr.Mays________.　　 A)bysheeraccident　　 B)outofcharity　　 C)athisrequest　　 D)forbettercare40. Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthejudge’srulingcouldbedescribedas______.　　 A)doubtful　　 B)critical　　 C)cautious　　 D)supportivePartIII VocabularyandStructure (20minutes)Directions: Thereare3.0.incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.41. She______hertriptoNewYorkbecauseshewasill.　　 A)calledoff B)closeddown　　 C)putup D)wentoff42. ______thestorm,theshipwouldhavereacheditsdestinationontime.　　 A)Butfor B)Incaseof　　 C)Inspiteof D)Becauseof43. Weshouldconcentrateonsharplyreducinginterestratestopulltheeconomyoutof______.　　 A)rejection B)restriction　　 C)retreat D)recession44. The______offindinggoldinCaliforniaattractedalotofpeopletosettledownthere.　　 A)prospects B)speculations　　 C)stakes D)provisions45 Isufferedfrommental______becauseofstressfrommyjob.　　 A)damage B)release　　 C)relief D)fatigue

43046. Therestofthedaywasentirelyathis______forreadingorrecreation.　　 A)dismissal B)survival C)disposal D)arrival47. Youwillnotbe______aboutyourfoodintimeofgreathunger.　　 A)special B)particular　　 C)peculiar D)specific48. Crimeisincreasingworldwide,andthereiseveryreasontobelievethe______willcontinueintothenextdecade.　 A)emergency B)trend　　 C)pace D)schedule49. Youshouldn’thavewritteninthe______sincethebookbelongstothelibrary.A)interval B)borderC)margin D)edge50. The______ofairplaneenginesannouncedacomingairraid.A)roar B)exclamation C)whistle D)scream51. Thisticket______youtoafreeboattouronthelake.　　 A)entitles B)appoints　　 C)grants D)credits52. Thisisthenursewho______tomewhenIwasillinhospital.　　 A)accompanied B)attended　　 C)entertained D)shielded53. Iwasaboutto______amatchwhenIrememberedTom’swarning.A)rub B)hit　　 C)scrape D)strike54. Theadvertisementsaysthismaterialdoesn’t______inthewash,butithas.A)contract B)shrink C)slim D)dissolve55. Hewasproudofbeingchosentoparticipateinthegameandhe______usthathewouldtryashardaspossible. A)insured B)guaranteedC)assumed D)assured56. Notonlytheprofessionalsbutalsotheamateurswill______fromthenewtrainingfacilities. A)derive B)acquireC)benefit D)reward57. Theworkwasalmostcompletewhenwereceivedordersto______nofurtherwithit.A)progress B)proceedC)march D)promote58. Iwaitedforhimhalfanhour,buthenever______. A)turnedin B)turneddown C)turnedoff D)turnedup59. Ahousewithadangerousgas______canbebrokenintoimmediately. A)leak B)splitC)mess D)crack60. Adarksuitis______toalightoneforeveningwear. A)favourable B)suitable C)preferable D)proper61. ItwasintheUnitedStatesthatImadethe______ofprofessorJones.

431 A)acknowledgement B)acquaintanceC)recognition D)association62. Couldyoutakea______sheetofpaperandwriteyournameatthetop?A)bare B)vacantC)hollow D)blank63. Acultureinwhichthecitizenssharesimilarreligiousbeliefsandvaluesismorelikelytohavelawsthatrepresentthewishesofitspeoplethanisaculturewherecitizenscomefrom______backgrounds. A)extensive B)influential C)diverse D)identical64. Areaswherestudentshaveparticulardifficultyhavebeentreated______particularcare. A)by B)inC)under D)with65. Hegavea______tohandletheaffairsinafriendlymanner. A)pledge B)mission C)plunge D)motion66. Don’tletthechildplaywithscissors______hecutshimself.A)incase B)sothat C)nowthat D)onlyif67. ______thedangerfromenemyaction,peoplehadtocopewithasevereshortageoffood,clothing,fuel,andalmosteverything. A)Asfaras B)Aslongas C)Aswellas D)Assoonas68. Manypeoplelosttheirjobsduringthebusiness______.A)desperation B)decreaseC)despair D)depression69. Wheneverabigcompany______asmallone,theproductalmostalwaysgetsworse. A)getsonwith B)cutsdown C)takesover D)putsupwith70. Mr.Smithwastheonlywitnesswhosaidthatthefirewas______. A)mature B)deliberate C)meaningful D)innocentPartIV ShortAnswerQuestions (15minutes)　　Directions: Inthispartthereisashortpassagewith8questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Writeyouranswersinthespacesprovidedontherightofthepage.　　 Whatpersonalqualitiesaredesirableinateacher?Ithinkthefollowingwouldbegenerallyaccepted.　　 First,theteacher’spersonalityshouldbelivelyandattractive.Thisdoesnotruleoutpeoplewhoareplain-looking,orevenugly,becausemanysuchpeoplehavegreatpersonalcharm.Butitdoesruleoutsuchtypesastheover-excitable,sad,cold,andfrustrated.　　 Secondly,itisnotmerelydesirablebutessentialforateachertohaveagenuinecapacityforsympathy,acapacitytounderstandthemindsandfeelingsofotherpeople,especially,sincemostteachersareschoolteachers,themindsandfeelingsofchildren.Closelyrelatedwiththisisthecapacitytobetolerant–not,indeed,ofwhatiswrong,butoftheweaknessesandimmaturityofhumannaturewhichinduce(诱导)people,and

432againespeciallychildren,tomakemistakes.　　 Thirdly,Iholditessentialforateachertobebothintellectuallyandmorallyhonest.Thismeansthathewillbeawareofhisintellectualstrengthsandlimitations,andwillhavethoughtaboutanddecideduponthemoralprinciplesbywhichhislifeshallbeguided.Thereisnocontradictioninmygoingontosaythatateachershouldbeabitofanactor.Thatispartofthetechniqueofteaching,whichdemandsthateverynowandthenateachershouldbeabletoputonanact–toenliven(使生动)alesson,correctafault,orawardpraise.Children,especiallyyoungchildren,liveinaworldthatisratherlargerthanlife.　　 Ateachermustbecapableofinfinitepatience.This,Imaysay,islargelyamatterofself-disciplineandself-training,forwearenoneofusbornlikethat.　　 Finally,Ithinkateachershouldhavethekindofmindwhichalwayswantstogoonlearning.Teachingisajobatwhichonewillneverbeperfect;thereisalwayssomethingmoretolearnaboutit.Therearethreeprincipalobjectsofstudy:thesubjectswhichtheteacheristeaching;themethodsbywhichthesubjectscanbestbetaughttotheparticularpupilsintheclassesheisteaching;andgbyfarthemostimportant--thechildren,youngpeople,oradultstowhomthesubjectsaretobetaught.ThetwofundamentalprinciplesofBritisheducationtodayarethateducationiseducationofthewholeperson,andthatitisbestacquiredthroughfullandactiveco-operationbetweentwopersons,theteacherandthelearner.S1. Plain-lookingteacherscanalsobeadmiredbytheirstudentsiftheyhave_________.　　 __________________________________________________________________S2. Theauthorsaysitis_________thatteachersbesympatheticwiththeirstudents.__________________________________________________________________S3. AteachershouldbetolerantbecausehumanstendtohaveS3(1)_________andtobeS3(2)_________.　　 (1)________________________________________________________________　　 (2)________________________________________________________________S4. Ateacherwhois_________willbeabletomakehislessonsmorelively.　　 __________________________________________________________________S5. Howcanateacheracquireinfinitepatience?　　 __________________________________________________________________S6. Sinceteachingisajobnoonecanbeperfectat,itisnecessaryforteacherstokeepimprovingtheirknowledgeofthesubjectstheyteachandtheir_________.　　 __________________________________________________________________S7. Teachers’mostimportantobjectofstudyis_________.　　 __________________________________________________________________S8. Educationcannotbebestacquiredwithout_________betweentheteacherandthelearner.

433　　 __________________________________________________________________PartV Writing (30minutes)Directions: Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteaneye-witnessaccountofatrafficaccident.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese.　　 假设你在某日某时目击一起车祸，就此写一份见证书。见证书须包括以下几点：　　 1.车祸发生的时间及地点　　 2.你所见到的车祸情况　　 3.你对车祸原因的分析　　AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccident2003年6月四级试题详解（10）2003年6月四级试题译文PassageOne译文美国3~12岁的孩子平均每星期的在校时间为29小时，比1981年多了8小时。同时，他们做家务活多了，并且参加更多的像足球、芭蕾舞等有组织的活动。特别是参与体育活动的时间，从1981年到1997年增长了50%：现在男孩子平均每周花4小时运动，女孩的运动时间是男孩的一半。但是，总的说来，孩子们的空闲时间从1981年的40%降到25%。“影响父母的时间危机同样也影响着孩子们，”最近对儿童作息时间表做调研的项目负责人SandraHofferth如是说。她说一个最主要的原因是更多的母亲外出工作。当然，生活在双收家庭或“父亲挣钱养家型”的家庭的孩子有较多的时间与他们的父母沟通。分别是每周19或22个小时。相反，生活在单身母亲家庭的孩子每周与母亲在一起的时间只有9小时。如果一味地学习，而没有玩耍会使孩子们的生活变得一团糟。哈佛学院的教授T·BerryBrazelton说：“玩耍是孩子们探索世界和认识自我的最有效的途径”。自由的玩耍促使孩子们独立地思考，并使他们与同伴协调地相处，然而，3~12岁的孩子花在玩耍的时间每周只有12个小时。

434抽样的调查显示，孩子们把已经快速减少的“自由时间”的四分之一用于看电视。但是，不管你相信不相信，家用长们对这样的结果还是庆幸的。即使孩子们不花更多的时间看电视，他们也不会把时间用在读书上。尽管家长们费尽心思让孩子们对书本感兴趣，但是，他们每周花在阅读上的时间也只有一个多小时。让我们面对现实吧，谁有时间呢？`PassageTwo译文美国最著名的发明家和汽车制造商亨利·福特曾经说：“美国的一切都是商业”。此话的意思是说，美国人的生活方式建立在商品社会的价值观上。很少有人对福特的说法提出疑义。只在一张日报上瞥一眼，就不难发现有多少美国在关心商业。比如，几乎每家报纸都有商业版，对各种工程项目、资金和管理、股票价格和公司的劳动问题都是每日一报。此外，商业信息还在其他版面中出现。大多数国内新闻都反映重要的金融信息。福利、援外、联邦财政预算以及联邦储备银行的政策都极大地受到商业的影响。而且，商业信息还会在一些最不可能的地主出现。艺术和娱乐界经常被称为“娱乐业”或“演艺业”。福特说法积极的一面可以从商业给美国生活带来的繁荣中看到。之所以有如此众多的人从世界各地蜂拥而至美国，其最重要的原因之一就是实现找到一份更好的工作梦想。工作的机会很多，因为美国的经济制度是由竞争驱动的。人们相信这样的制度能创造更多的财富，提供更好的工作和更好的物质生活。但是，福特的说法中消极的一面也显而易见，即当商业这个词用来指代大财团的时候。‘大财团’这个词——指代是与工人相对的最大的商业集团或公司。在美国的历史上，工人们曾经为争取更高的工资、更好的工作环境以及组织工会的权利而艰苦地斗争。今天，许多旧的劳资纠纷已经消失，但是，雇员们仍然存在着忧虑。裁员——解雇成千上万的工人以保证成本和高效益——使很多人产生不安全感。PassageThree译文史密斯教授最近说服了35个人，其中有23位妇女，坚持记两周日记，把他们所有心不在焉的行为都记下来。当他在一份科研报告中分析这些令人尴尬的差错时，他惊奇地发现几乎所有的差错都可以归入几类。这些差错并不是毫无规律的。例如，其中的一位妇女，早晨离家上班的时候，把她的耳环扔给了她的狗，却试图把宠物饼干戴在耳朵上。“对这种行为的解释是，大脑就像是计算机”，教授说。“人们为自己设定好了程序去做一些经常性的事务。对这位妇女来说，扔给她的狗两块饼干，然后戴上耳环是每天早晨的习惯。但是，有时候程序中的步骤颠倒了。”报告中受试者的差错约有二十分之一属于“此类程序排列错误”。受试者共记录了433件他们自己认为是无意识的而做的事情——平均每人十二件。研究发现人们在一天中的高峰时段经常会做出荒谬可笑的事情。一天中共有两个小时这样的时间，分别出现在早晨8点到中午，下午4点到6点之间，晚上8点到10点之间有个小高峰。“

435对男人来说，高峰时段出现在大脑‘程序’需要切换的时候，比如，上下班的时候”。报告还称，平均而言，妇女的差错更高一些——男女之比为12.5:10.9——这也许是因为女性是更可靠记录者。此项研究一个惊人的发现是心不在焉的行为原来是我们在做熟练之事时所犯的。一般来说，人们希望熟练能减少我们所犯的错误。但是，通过集中注意力避免愚蠢的失误会使事情更糟——甚至更危险。PassageFour译文很多孩子在养父母家比在亲生父母家过得更健康、更快乐，这已经不是秘密了。对于那些由于法律盲目偏袒生物学意义上的父母而留在那些受虐待的家庭的孩子来说尤其如此。同时，对那些由于父母没有能力或不愿意照顾他们，但又不肯放弃监护权而痛苦地生活在收养家庭的孩子来说也是如此。十四岁的KimberlyMays不属于上述情况，但是，她最近的一场官司的打赢最终于可以帮助那些有相同的情况的孩子。Kimberly一直是一场愤怒的监护权争夺战中的争夺对象，一方是他的养父，另一方是她从来没有与之生活在一起的亲生父母。佛罗里达州的法官做出裁定，该少年应继续与她惟一熟悉的养父生活在一起，她的亲生父母“在法律上没有权利主张”得到她。这个裁定尽管有可能是本末倒置，但它驳回了血缘是决定父母身份的这一准则。这是一个重要进步，是一个人们期待已久的进步。1978年12月，KimberlyMays刚出生就与另一个孩子被弄混而抱错到了不是亲生的父母家中。Kimberly的亲生父母ErnestandReginaTwigg收养的孩子于1988年死于心脏病。医学检查显示孩子不是Twigg家的女儿，而Kimberly却是，于是，引发了Twigg家与RobertMays争夺监护权的官司。1989年，两家同意Mays先生保留监护权，Twigg夫妇有权探望。后来Mays先生认为Kimberly受到了伤害，探视权被终止。把Kimberly判给Mays先生使此案引起了争议。但是，法官表示Kimberly有权以自己的名义起诉。于是，他表明了她并不是一件可以以成年人认为合适的方式被处理的商品。当然，父母与孩子的血缘关系是基本的。但是，亲生父母并非一定比养父母好，同时，血缘上的父母身份不能拥有取消孩子一切权利的绝对所有权。PartIVShortQuestions译文什么是教师优良的个人品格？我认为一般有下列几点：一、教师的个人品格应该活泼而可爱。这并不排斥长相一般，甚至难看的人，因为很多这样的人具有巨大的个人魅力。但比如过激的、悲观的、冷漠的和灰心的人则不宜当教师。二、一个教师不仅需要而且必须具备真正的同情心，即具备理解他人思想和感情的能力，尤其是儿童的思想和感情，因为大部分教师是中小学老师。与此密切相关的是要具有宽容心，当然不是宽容错误，而是宽容那些诱使人们尤其是儿童犯错误的人性的幼稚和弱点。三、

436我认为一个教师必须对知识和道德都要采取诚实的态度。也就是说，他要对自己的智力上的长处和不足有一个清醒的认识，而且还要根据他在生活中遵循道德原则进行思考和决策。这和我即将在下面谈到教师要会一点表演艺术并不矛盾。那是教学技能的一部分，它要求一个教师随时随地都能进行表演——生动形象地讲课、纠错或表扬。儿童，尤其是幼儿应该生活在比生活更宽广的世界。一个教师应该具有极大的忍耐性。我认为这主要是个自我约束和自我培养的问题，因为我们谁也不是生来就会的。最后，我想一个教师应该具有一种孜孜不倦的学习精神。教书是一个学无止境的职业，总有更多的东西等待着我们去学习。有三门主课要学：正在施教的课目；对所教班级中的特别生最佳的施教方法；施教对象显然是最重要的，无论儿童、青年还是成年人。今日英国的教育有两个基本原则：教育是对人的全面教育；通过教学双方充分、主动的合作实现最好地习得。2002年6月四级试题PartⅠListeningComprehension(20minutes)Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbepause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithalinethroughthecentre.Example:Youwillhear:Youwillread:A)Attheoffice.C)Attheairport.B)Inthewaitingroom.D)Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)"Attheoffice"isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[A][B][C][D]1.A)Hisfather.B)Hismother.C)Hisbrother.D)Hissister.2.A)Ajobopportunity.B)Apositionasgeneralmanager.C)Abigtravelagency.D)Aninexperiencedsalesman.

4373.A)Havingabreak.B)Continuingthemeeting.C)Movingontothenextitem.D)Waitingalittlelonger.4.A)Theweatherforecastsaysitwillbefine.B)Theweatherdoesn’tcountintheirplan.C)Theywillnotdoasplannedincaseofrain.D)Theywillpostponetheirprogramifitrains.5.A)Hewishestohavemorecourseslikeit.B)Hefindsithardtofollowtheteacher.C)Hewishestheteacherwouldtalkmore.D)Hedoesn’tliketheteacher’saccent.6.A)Goonwiththegame.B)Drawpicturesonthecomputer.C)Reviewhislessons.D)Haveagoodrest.7.A)ShedoesnotagreewithJack.B)Jack’sperformanceisdisappointing.C)Mostpeoplewillfindbasketballboring.D)ShesharesJack’sopinion.8.A)Themanwenttoawrongcheck-incounter.B)Themanhasjustmissedhisflight.C)Theplanewillleaveat9:14.D)Theplane’sdeparturetimeremainsunknown.9.A)Atanewsstand.B)Atacardealer’sC)Atapublishinghouse.D)Atanewspaperoffice.10.A)Hewantstogetanewposition.B)Heisaskingthewomanforhelp.C)Hehasleftthewomanagoodimpression.D)Heenjoysletterwriting.SectionB

438Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageoneQuestion11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Theyareinterestedinotherkindsofreading.B)Theyareactiveinvoluntaryservices.C)Theytendtobelowineducationandinincome.D)Theyliveinisolatedareas.12.A)Thereasonswhypeopledon’treadnewspapersaremorecomplicatedthanassumed.B)Therearemoreuneducatedpeopleamongthewealthythanoriginallyexpected.C)Thenumberofnewspaperreadersissteadilyincreasing.D)Therearemorenonreadersamongyoungpeoplenowadays.13.A)Loweringthepricesoftheirnewspapers.B)Shorteningtheirnewsstories.C)Addingvarietytotheirnewspapercontent.D)Includingmoreadvertisementsintheirnewspapers.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Abasket.B)AcupC)Anegg.D)Anoven.15.A)toletinthesunshine.B)Toserveasitsdoor.C)Tokeepthenestcool.D)Forthebirdtolayeggs.16.A)Branches.B)Grasses.C)Mud.D)Straw.17.A)Somearebuiltunderground.

439B)Somecanbeeaten.C)Mostaresewedwithgrasses.D)Mostaredriedbythesun.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)ToexaminethechemicalelementsintheIceAge.B)Tolookintothepatternofsolarwindactivity.C)Toanalyzethecompositionofdifferenttrees.D)Tofindouttheoriginofcarbon-14onEarth.19.A)Thelifecycleoftrees.B)Thenumberoftrees.C)Theintensityofsolarburning.D)Thequalityofair.20.A)Itaffectsthegrowthoftrees.B)IthasbeenincreasingsincetheIceAge.C)Itisdeterminedbythechemicalsintheair.D)Itfollowsacertaincycle.PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes)Direction:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B)C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Inthe1960s,medicalresearchersThomasHolmesandRichardRahedevelopedachecklistofstressfulevents.Theyappreciatedthetrickypointthatanymajorchangecanbestressful.Negativeeventslike“seriousillnessofafamilymember”werehighonthelist,butsoweresomepositivelife-changingevents,likemarriage.WhenyoutaketheHolmes-Rahetestyoumustrememberthatthescoredoesnotreflecthowyoudealwithstress—itonlyshowshowmuchyouhavetodealwith.Andwenowknowthatthewayyouhandletheseeventsdramaticallyaffectsyourchancesofstayinghealthy.Bytheearly1970s,hundredsofsimilarstudieshadfollowedHolmesandRahe.AndmillionsofAmericanswhoworkandliveunderstressworriedoverthereports.Somehow,theresearchgotboileddowntoamemorablemessage.Women’smagazinesranheadlineslike“Stresscausesillness!”Ifyouwanttostayphysicallyandmentallyhealthy,thearticlessaid,avoidstressfulevents.

440Butsuchsimplisticadviceisimpossibletofollow.Evenifstressfuleventsaredangerous,many—likethedeathofalovedone—areimpossibletoavoid.Moreover,anywarningtoavoidallstressfuleventsisaprescription(处方)forstayingawayfromopportunitiesaswellastrouble.Sinceanychangecanbestressful,apersonwhowantedtobecompletelyfreeofstresswouldnevermarry,haveachild,takeanewjobormove.Thenotionthatallstressmakesyousickalsoignoresalotofwhatweknowaboutpeople.Itassumeswe’reallvulnerable(脆弱的)andpassiveinthefaceofadversity(逆境).Butwhatabouthumaninitiativeandcreativity?Manycomethroughperiodsofstresswithmorephysicalandmentalvigorthantheyhadbefore.Wealsoknowthatalongtimewithoutchangeorchallengecanleadtoboredom,andphysicalandmetalstrain.21.TheresultofHolmes-Rahe’smedicalresearchtellsus__________.A)thewayyouhandlemajoreventsmaycausestressB)whatshouldbedonetoavoidstressC)whatkindofeventwouldcausestressD)howtocopewithsuddenchangesinlife22.Thestudiesonstressintheearly1970’sledto_________.A)widespreadconcernoveritsharmfuleffectsB)greatpanicoverthementaldisorderitcouldcauseC)anintensiveresearchintostress-relatedillnessesD)popularavoidanceofstressfuljobs23.ThescoreoftheHolmes-Rahetestshows________.A)howmuchpressureyouareunderB)howpositiveeventscanchangeyourlifeC)howstressfulamajoreventcanbeD)howyoucandealwithlife-changingevents24.Whyis“suchsimplisticadvice”(Line1,Para.3)impossibletofollow?A)Noonecanstayonthesamejobforlong.B)Noprescriptioniseffectiveinrelievingstress.C)Peoplehavetogetmarriedsomeday.D)Youcouldbemissingopportunitiesaswell.25.Accordingtothepassagepeoplewhohaveexperiencedupsanddownsmaybecome________.A)nervouswhenfacedwithdifficultiesB)physicallyandmentallystrainedC)morecapableofcopingwithadversityD)indifferenttowardwhathappenstothem

441PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Mostepisodesofabsent-mindedness—forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom—arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.”Encoding,Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituations.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyouwardrobe(衣柜).“Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou,”saysSchacter.“Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.”Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhocanrecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,”saysZelinski,“maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.”Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheypaymoreattentiontotheirenvironment,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.Visualcuescanhelppreventabsent-mindedness,saysSchacter.“Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,”hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedication(药物)withlunch,putthepillbottleonthekitchentable—don’tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou’rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse.“Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,”saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodoistoreturntowhereyouwerebeforeenteringtheroom,andyou’lllikelyremember.26.Whydoestheauthorthinkthatencodingproperlyisveryimportant?A)Ithelpsusunderstandourmemorysystembetter.B)Itenablesustorecallsomethingformourmemory.C)Itexpandsourmemorycapacityconsiderably.D)itslowsdowntheprocessoflosingourmemory.27.Onepossiblereasonwhywomenhavebettermemoriesthanmenisthat________.A)theyhaveawiderrangeofinterestsB)theyaremorereliantontheenvironmentC)theyhaveanunusualpoweroffocusingtheirattentionD)theyaremoreinterestedinwhat’shappeningaroundthem28.Anoteinthepocketcanhardlyserveasareminderbecause_________.A)itwilleasilygetlostB)it’snotclearenoughforyoutoreadC)it’soutofyoursight

442D)itmightgetmixedupwithotherthings29.Whatdowelearnfromthelastparagraph?A)Ifwefocusourattentionononething,wemightforgetanother.B)Memorydependstoacertainextentontheenvironment.C)Repetitionhelpsimproveourmemory.D)Ifwekeepforgettingthings,we’dbetterreturntowherewewere.30.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A)Theprocessofgradualmemoryloss.B)Thecausesofabsent-mindedness.C)Theimpactoftheenvironmentonmemory.D)Awayifencodingandrecalling.PassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itishardtotrackthebluewhale,theocean’slargestcreature,whichhasalmostbeenkilledoffbycommercialwhalingandisnowlistedasanendangeredspecies.Attachingradiodevicestoitisdifficult,andvisualsightingsaretoounreliabletogiverealinsightintoitsbehavior.Sobiologistsweredelightedearlythisyearwhen,withthehelpoftheNavy,theywereabletotrackaparticularbluewhalefor43days,monitoringitssounds.ThiswaspossiblebecauseoftheNavy’sformerlytop-secretsystemofunderwaterlisteningdevicesspanningtheoceans.TrackingwhalesisbutoneexampleofanexcitingnewworldjustopeningtocivilianscientistsafterthecoldwarastheNavystartstoshareandpartlyuncoveritsglobalnetworkofunderwaterlisteningsystembuiltoverthedecadestotracktheshipsofpotentialenemies.Earthscientistsannouncedatanewsconferencerecentlythattheyhadusedthesystemforcloselymonitoringadeep-seavolcaniceruption(爆发)forthefirsttimeandthattheyplansimilarstudies.Otherscientistshaveproposedtousethenetworkfortrackingoceancurrentsandmeasuringchangesinoceanandglobaltemperatures.Thespeedofsoundinwaterisroughlyonemileasecond—slowerthanthroughlandbutfasterthanthroughair.Whatismostimportant,differentlayersofoceanwatercanactaschannelsforsounds,focusingtheminthesamewayastethoscope(听诊器)doeswhenitcarriesfaintnoisesfromapatient’schesttoadoctor’sear.Thisfocusingisthemainreasonthatevenrelativelyweaksoundsintheocean,especiallylow-frequencyones,canoftentravelthousandsofmiles.31.Thepassageischieflyabout________.A)anefforttoprotectanendangeredmarinespecies

443B)thecivilianuseofamilitarydetectionsystemC)theexposureofaU.S.Navytop-secretweaponD)anewwaytolookintothebehaviorofbluewhales32.Theunderwaterlisteningsystemwasoriginallydesigned________.A)totraceandlocateenemyvesselsB)tomonitordeep-seavolcaniceruptionsC)tostudythemovementofoceancurrentsD)toreplacetheglobalradiocommunicationsnetwork33.Thedeep-sealisteningsystemmakesuseof________.A)thesophisticatedtechnologyoffocusingsoundsunderwaterB)thecapabilityofsoundtotravelathighspeedC)theuniquepropertyoflayersofoceanwaterintransmittingsoundD)low-frequencysoundstravelingacrossdifferentlayersofwater34.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.A)newradiodevicesshouldbedevelopedfortrackingtheendangeredbluewhalesB)bluewhalesarenolongerendangeredwiththeuseofthenewlisteningsystemC)opinionsdifferastowhethercivilianscientistsshouldbeallowedtousemilitarytechnologyD)militarytechnologyhasgreatpotentialincivilianuse35.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheU.S.Navyunderwaterlisteningnetwork?A)Itisnowpartlyaccessibletocivilianscientists.B)Ithasbeenreplacedbyamoreadvancedsystem.C)Itbecameuselesstothemilitaryafterthecoldwar.D)Itisindispensableinprotectingendangeredspecies.PassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Thefitnessmovementthatbeganinthelate1960sandearly1970scenteredaroundaerobicexercise(有氧操).Millionsofindividualsbecameengagedinavarietyofaerobicactivities,andliterallythousandsofhealthspasdevelopedaroundthecountrytocapitalize(获利)onthisemerginginterestinfitness,particularlyaerobicdancingforfemales.Anumberoffitnessspasexistedpriortothisaerobicfitnessmovement,evenanationalchainwithspasinmostmajorcities.However,theirfocuswasnotonaerobics,butratheronweight-trainingprogramsdesignedtodevelopmuscularmass,strength,andenduranceintheirprimarilymaleenthusiasts.Thesefitnessspasdidnotseemtobenefitfinanciallyformtheaerobicfitnessmovementtobetterhealth,sincemedicalopinionsuggestedthatweight-trainingprogramsofferedfew,ifany,healthbenefits.Inrecentyears,

444however,weighttraininghasagainbecomeincreasinglypopularformalesandforfemales.Manycurrentprogramsfocusnotonlyondevelopingmuscularstrengthandendurancebutonaerobicfitnessaswell.Historically,mostphysical-fitnesstestshaveusuallyincludedmeasuresofmuscularstrengthandendurance,notforhealth-relatedreasons,butprimarilybecausesuchfitnesscomponentshavebeenrelatedtoperformanceinathletics.However,inrecentyears,evidencehasshownthattrainingprogramsdesignedprimarilytoimprovemuscularstrengthandendurancemightalsooffersomehealthbenefitsaswell.TheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicinenowrecommendsthatweighttrainingbepartofatotalfitnessprogramforhealthyAmericans.IncreasedparticipationinsuchtrainingisoneofthespecificphysicalactivityandfitnessobjectivesofHealthyPeople2000:NationalHealthPromotionandDiseasePreventionObjectives.36.Theword“spas”(Line3,Para.1)mostprobablyrefersto_________.A)sportsactivitiesB)placesforphysicalexerciseC)recreationcentersD)athletictrainingprograms37.Earlyfitnessspaswereintendedmainlyfor__________.A)thepromotionofaerobicexerciseB)enduranceandmusculardevelopmentC)theimprovementofwomen’sfiguresD)betterperformanceinaerobicdancing38.Whatwastheattitudeofdoctorstowardsweighttraininginhealthimprovement?A)Positive.B)Indifferent.C)Negative.D)Cautious.39.Peopleweregivenphysicalfitnesstestsinordertofindout________.A)howelltheycoulddoinathleticsB)whattheirhealthconditionwaslikeC)whatkindoffitnesscenterwassuitableforthemD)whethertheywerefitforaerobicexercise40.Recentstudieshavesuggestedthatweighttraining__________.A)hasbecomeanessentialpartofpeople’slifeB)maywellaffectthehealthofthetraineesC)willattractmorepeopleinthedaystocome

445D)contributestohealthimprovementaswellPartIIIVocabularyandStructure(20minutes)Directions:Thereare3.0.incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.41.Youwouldbe______arisktoletyourchildgotoschoolbyhimself.A)omittingB)attachingC)affordingD)running42.Heisalwayshere;it’s______you’venevermethim.A)uniqueB)strangeC)rareD)peculiar43.Therehasbeenagreatincreaseinretailsales,______?A)doesthereB)isn’tthereC)hasn’tthereD)isn’tit44.We’dliketo______atableforfivefordinnerthisevening.A)preserveB)retainC)reserveD)sustain45Althoughateenager,Fredcouldresist______whattodoandwhatnottodo.A)beingtoldB)tellingC)tobetoldD)totell46.TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave______suppliesofpetroleum.A)proficientB)efficientC)potentialD)sufficient47.Infact,PeterwouldratherhaveleftforSanFranciscothan______inNewYork.A)tostayB)stayedC)stayingD)havingstayed48.Hesoonreceivedpromotion,forhissuperiorsrealizedthathewasamanofconsiderableA)abilityB)futureC)possibilityD)opportunity49.Britainahsthehighest__ofroadtrafficintheworld--over60carsforeverymileofroad.A)popularityB)densityC)intensityD)prosperity50.Howisit______yourroommate’srequestandyoursareidentical?A)ifB)soC)whatD)that51.Inmyopinion,he’s______themostimaginativeofallthecontemporarypoets.A)inallB)atbestC)forallD)byfar52.Hedidn’thavetimetoreadthereportwordforword:hejust______it.A)skimmedB)observedC)overlookedD)glanced53.Theleaderoftheexpedition______everyonetofollowhisexample.A)promotedB)reinforcedC)sparkedD)inspired54.Whatalovelyparty!It’sworth______allmylife.A)rememberingB)toremember

446C)toberememberedD)beingremembered55.Whowouldyourather______withyou,Georgeorme?A)goingB)togoC)havegoneD)went56.The______goalofthebookistohelpbridgethegapbetweenresearchandteaching,particularlybetweenresearchersandteachers.A)intensiveB)conciseC)jointD)overall57.Theownerandeditorofthenewspaper______theconference.A)wereattendingB)weretoattendC)istoattendD)aretoattend58.Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously______nopointinstaying.A)wereB)beingC)tobeD)having59.Theirproductsarefrequentlyoverpricedand______inquality.A)influentialB)inferiorC)superiorD)subordinate60.Theneighborhoodboysliketoplaybasketballonthat______lot.A)validB)vacantC)vainD)vague61.Thesepeopleoncehadfameandfortune;now______islefttothemisutterpoverty.A)allthatB)allwhatC)allwhichD)thatall62.Toour______,Geoffrey’sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.A)anxietyB)reliefC)viewD)judgment63.Manypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisa______ofpurity.A)symbolB)signC)signalD)symptom64.Theresidents,______hadbeendamagedbythefire,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A)alloftheirhomesB)alltheirhomesC)whoseallhomesD)allofwhosehomes65.Thisresearchhasattractedwide______coverageandhasfeaturedonBBCtelevision’sTomorrow’sWorld.A)messageB)informationC)mediaD)data66.Iwouldneverhave______acourtoflawifIhadn’tbeensodesperate.A)soughtforB)accountedforC)turnedupD)resortedto67.Investigatorsagreedthatpassengersontheairliner______attheverymomentofthecrash.A)shouldhavediedB)mustbedyingC)musthavediedD)oughttodie68.Theenergy______bythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.A)transferredB)releasedC)deliveredD)conveyed69.______theirworkwillgiveusamuchbetterfeelforthewidedifferencesbetweenthetwoschoolsof

447thought.A)TohavereviewedB)HavingreviewedC)ReviewingD)Beingreviewed70.Duringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthe______silkfromdamage.A)sensitiveB)tenderC)delicateD)sensiblePartIVShortAnswerQuestions(15minutes)Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassage-withfivequestionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(notexceeding10words).Asresearcherslearnmoreabouthowchildren'sintelligencedevelops,theyareincreasinglysurprisedbythepowerofparents.Thepoweroftheschoolhasbeenreplacedbythehome.Tobeginwith,allthefactorswhicharepartofintelligence—thechild'sunderstandingoflanguage,learningpatterns,curiosity—areestablishedwellbeforethechildentersschoolattheageofsix.Studyafterstudyhasshownthatevenafterschoolbegins,children'sachievementshavebeenfarmoreinfluencedbyparentsthanbyteachers.Thisisparticularlytrueaboutlearningthatislanguage-related.Theschoolratherthanthehomeisgivencreditforvariationsinachievementinsubjectssuchasscience.Inviewoftheirpower,it'ssadtoseesomanyparentsnotmakingthemostoftheirchild'sintelligence.Untilrecentlyparentshadbeenwarnedbyeducatorswhoaskedthemnottoeducatetheirchildren.Manyteachersnowrealizethatchildrencannotbeeducatedonlyatschoolandparentsarebeingaskedtocontributebothbeforeandafterthechildentersschool.Parentshavebeenparticularlyafraidtoteachreadingathome.Ofcourse,childrenshouldn'tbepushedtoreadbytheirparents,buteducatorshavediscoveredthatreadingisbesttaughtindividually—andtheeasiestplacetodothisisathome.Manyfour-andfive-year-oldswhohavebeenshownafewlettersandtaughttheirsoundswillcomposesinglewordsoftheirownwiththemevenbeforetheyhavebeentaughttoread.Questions:(注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个英语单词，标点符号不占格)S1.Whathaveresearchersfoundoutabouttheinfluenceofparentsandtheschoolonchildren'sintelli1gence?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________S2.Whatdoresearchersconcludeaboutchildren'slearningpatterns?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________S3.Inwhichareamayschoolplayamoreimportantrole?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

448S4.Whydidmanyparentsfailtomakethemostoftheirchildren'sintelligence?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________S5.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthatparentsshouldbeencouragedto________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopicStudentUseofComputers.Youshouldwriteatleast120words,andbaseyourcompositiononthechartandtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.上图所示为1990年、1995年、2002年某校大学生使用计算机的情况，请描述其变化；2.请说明发生这些变化的原因（可从计算机的用途、价格或社会发展等方面加以说明）；3.你认为目前大学生在计算机使用中有什么困难或问题。StudentUseofComputers2002年6月四级试题详解PartⅠListeningComprehension1.D2.A3.A4.D5.B6.C7.A8.D9.D10.A11.C12.D13.C14.B15.B16.C17.A18.A19.C20.DPartⅡReadingComprehension21.C22.A23.A24.D25.C26.B27.D28.C29.A30.B31.B32.A33.C34.D35.A36.B37.B38.C39.A40.DPassageOne译文在20世纪60年代，医学研究人员ThomasHolmes和RichrdRahe对造成压力的事情整理出了一份清单。他们欣赏这一令人迷惑的观点：任何大的改变都会带来压力。类似于“家庭成员患严重疾病”等具有消极影响的事情高居榜首，但像“结婚”等具有积极意义的转折性事情也榜上有名。当你接受Holmes-Rahe

449测试时你必须牢记：分数并不反映你如何处理压力，而只是反映你必须处理的程度。我们现在知道，处理这些事件的方式在很大程度上能影响你保持健康的可能性。在20世纪70年代初期，数百项类似的研究继Holmes和Rahe之后展开。几百万在压力下生活工作的美国人对研究报告非常担心。不知是什么原因，这项研究被归结为难忘的启示。例如，妇女杂志登出大标题：压力导致疾病！文章说，如果你想保持身心健康，就必须避免造成压的事情。但是采纳这种过分简单化的建议是不可能的。尽管造成压力的事情对健康有害，比如说至爱亲朋的死亡，但许多是无法避免的。而且，任何能够避开所有压力的警告其实都是避开麻烦也失去机会的处方。既然任何改变都会带来压力，那么一个想完全摆脱压力的人就得永远也不结婚、不生子、不选择新的工作或不搬家了。压力会使人生病的观念也忽视了我们对人的许多了解。它认为面对逆境都是脆弱和被动的。那么如何看待人的主动性和创造力呢？经过压力后许多人无论在体力还是在精神上都比过去更有活力。同时，我们也知道：长期没有任何变化或挑战的生活可能会导致乏味和身心疲劳。PassageTwo译文Schacter解释说，大部分心不在焉都是因精力不集中造成的，如记不清把东西放在哪里，或者进了房间却忘了想干什么等等。“你本应该记住某事，但并没有把它认真编码”。Schacte解释说，编码是集中注意力于某一件事的特殊方式，它对于以后回忆有重要影响。不恰当地编码会造成令人非常烦心的状况。比如说你把手机放在上衣口袋里，但因为你正在谈话，所以并没有注意到这一动作，很可能忘记了手机在衣橱里的茄克衫呢。Schacte说：“你的记忆力本身没有问题而是你没有给记忆系统提供它所需的信息。”另外，缺乏兴趣也会导致心不在焉。Zelinski说：“一个能背诵三十年前的体育统计数据的人，很可能会记不住要把信息投进邮筒。”女性的记忆力略强于男性，很可能是因为女性更注意周围环境，而这正是记忆所依赖的。Schacter说，视觉提示可以帮助避免心不在焉。他提醒说：“但要保证是清楚且能看到的提示。”如果你想记住吃午饭时服药，就把药瓶放在餐桌上，千万别把药瓶放在药柜里，然后再写一张纸条放在衣兜里。另一种心不在焉的现象是进了房间却忘了想干什么。极有可能你正在想别的事情。Zelinski说：“每个人都常会有这种情况。”最好的办法是返回到你进房间以前的地方，这样你很可能就会想起来了。PassageThree译文现在已经很难找到海洋中最大的动物蓝鲸的踪迹了。商业捕鲸几乎将它们灭杀殆尽，因而现在蓝鲸被列为濒危动物类。很难为蓝鲸安装无线电装置，而肉眼观测不可靠，不能对蓝鲸的行为进行仔细观察。今年早些时候，生物学家们非常高兴。因为在海军的帮助下，通过监测蓝鲸的声音，他们能够跟踪一条蓝鲸长达四十三天。这之所以可能，是因为海军从前绝密的海底监听系统横跨了海洋。

450冷战结束后，海军对几十年来为跟踪潜在敌舰而建立的全球海底监听系统作了部分解密，并开始同他人分享。追踪蓝鲸只不过是令人激动的新世界向民用科学家开放的一个例子。在最近的记者招待会上地球科学家宣布：他们首次利用这一系统对深海火山爆发进行了仔细的观测并计划做类似的研究。另一些科学家建议利用这一网络跟踪洋流、预测海洋变化和全球温度。声音在水中的传播速度大约是每秒一英里，比在陆地中的传播速度慢，但比在空气中要快。最为重要的是，不同层面的海水都可以成为声道，如同听诊器一样把声音汇聚在一起，把病人胸腔的微弱的声音传到医生的耳机里。声音的这种汇聚就可以解释为什么在海洋里，即使是相对微弱的声音（特别是低频声音）也可以传播几千英里了。PassageFour译文起源于20世纪60年代后期至70年代早期的健身运动主要是增氧锻炼。数百万人参加各种增氧锻炼，为了利用人们对这种新出现的健身运动的兴趣，尤其是女子对有氧健美操的兴趣，确实有数千家健身中心在全国出现。很多健身中心在增氧健身运动兴起前就出现了，甚至在大多数大城市出现了全国连锁健身中心。但是它们的重点不在于有氧运动，而在于举重，这些活动主要是对加强肌肉健美、增强体质、提高耐力的男性爱好者而设计的。这些健身中心似乎并没有从促进健康的增氧运动活动中获得经济利益，因为当时医学上的看法是：举重对健康几乎没有什么促进作用，即使有也是微乎其微。但是最近几年来，健美训练在男男女女中又越来越流行起来。目前许多项目的重点不光是锻炼肌肉和耐力，还将重点放在增氧健身上。历史上，绝大多数体能测试通常包括肌肉力量和耐力，这并不是为了健康，而主要是因为这些健康指标与体育成绩有关。但是最近有证据表明：主要是为强健肌肉力量和加强耐力而设计的训练项目对人体健康也有益。美国体育运动医学院建议，举重训练应当成为健康美国人健身项目的一部分。2000年越来越多的人参加这种训练，这是2000全民健康年——促进全民健康、实现预防疾病目标——这个特定体育活动和健身目标之一。PartⅢVocabularyandStructure41.D42.B43.C44.B45.A46.D47.B48.A49.B50.D51.D52.A53.D54.A55.D56.D57.C58.B59.B60.C61.A62.B63.A64.D65.C66.D67.C68.B69.C70.CPartIVShortAnswerQuestions译文随着研究人员越来越多地了解儿童的智力是如何发展的，他们越发对家长的影响感到惊讶。学校的影响被家庭代替了。首先，所有与智力有关的因素——对语言的理解力、学习模式以及好奇心等——

451都早在孩子6岁进入学校以前就确立了。大量的研究表明即使在进入学校以后，家长对孩子的进步的影响也远大于老师，在与语言有关的科目中尤其是这样。理科科目进步的大小与学校而不是与家庭有关。鉴于家长的作用，很可惜，许多家长没有充分地开发孩子的智力。在此之前，教育家一直不主张家长在家里教育孩子。许多老师现在认识到孩子不能仅仅接受学校的教育，因此要求家长在儿童学龄前和上学以后对他们进行教育。家长特别不愿意在家里教孩子阅读。当然，家长们在家里也不能强迫孩子阅读，但是教育家发现阅读最好单独教，最适合的场所就是在家里。许多4岁和5岁的孩子，甚至在学习阅读之前，学了几个字母和语音就能用它们来组成自己想出来的词。S1.Parentshavegreaterinfluencethantheschool./Parent’sinfluenceisgreaterthantheschool’s.S2.Theyareestablishedwellbeforetheageofsix.S3.Sciencesubjects.S4.Theyweretoldbyeducatorsnottoeducatetheirchildren.S5.teachreadingathome.2002年1月四级试题PartI　　　　　　ListeningComprehension　　　　　(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Example:　　Youwillhear:　　　　　　Youwillread:　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　A)Attheoffice.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　B)Inthewaitingroom.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　C)Attheairport.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　D)Inarestaurant.　　Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)"Attheoffice"isthebestanswer.Youshouldchoose[A]ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer[-A-][B][C][D]1.A)Shehastopostaletterinstead.　　B)Shehastoturndowntheman'srequest.

452　　C)She'snotsureifthecomputerisfixed.D)Shecan'tsendthemessagerightnow.2.A)Hedidn'tgetthebookheneeded.　　B)Hehadnoideawherethebookwas.　　C)Thelibraryisclosedonweekends.　　D)Hewasnotallowedtocheckoutthebook.3.A)Playataperecorder.B)Takeapicture.C)Repairatypewriter.D)Startacar.4.A)Thewomanrejectedtheman'sapology.　　B)Thewomanappreciatedtheman'soffer.　　C)Themanhadforgottenthewholething.D)Themanhadhurtthewoman'sfeelings.5.A)Thewomanismeetingthemanattheairport.　　B)Theyarecomplainingaboutthepoorairportservice.　　C)TheyarediscussingtheirplanforChristmas.D)Themanisseeingthewomanoff.6.A)Sheplanstogotograduateschool.　　B)Shewilldropoutofschool.　　C)Shewillstopworkingandconcentrateonherstudies.D)Shewilltakeapart-timejob.7.A)Heneedsanotherjobasresearchassistant.B)HeaskedProfessorWilliamsforassistance.C)HeassistsProfessorWilliamswithhisteaching.D)HeisdoingresearchwithProfessorWilliams.8.A)Shethoughttherewerenoticketsleftfortheshow.　　B)Shethoughttheseatsontheleftsidewerefullyoccupied.　　C)Theshowwasplannedalongtimeago.D)Theaudienceweredeeplyimpressedbytheshow.9.A)Mr.Long'sbriefingwasunnecessarilylong.　　B)Thewomanshouldhavebeenmoreattentive.　　C)Mr.Long'sbriefingwasnotrelevanttothemission.

453　　D)Thewomanneedn'thaveattendedthebriefing.10.A)Inabank.B)Inaschool.　C)Inaclothingstore.D)Inabarbershop.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Becausethebirdcouldn'trepeathismaster'sname.　　B)Becausethebirdscreamedalldaylong.　　C)Becausethebirdutteredthewrongword.　　D)Becausethebirdfailedtosaythenameofthetown.12.A)Thecruelmaster.B)Themaninthekitchen.C)Thepetbird.D)Thefourthchicken.13.A)Thebirdhadfinallyunderstoodhisthreat.　　B)Thebirdmanagedtoescapefromthechickenhouse.　　C)Thebirdhadlearnedtoscreambackathim.D)Thebirdwaslivingpeacefullywiththechickens.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Theyarekeptinopenprisons.　　B)Theyareallowedoutoftheprisongrounds.　　C)Theyareorderedtodocookingandcleaning.D)Theyareasmallportionoftheprisonpopulation.15.A)Someoftheirprisonersareallowedtostudyorworkoutsideprisons.　　B)Mostoftheirprisonersareexpectedtowork.　　C)Theirprisonersareoftensenttospecialcentersforskilltraining.

454D)Theirprisonersareallowedfreedomtovisittheirfamilies.16.A)Theyareencouragedtodomaintenanceforthetrainingcentre.　　B)Mostofthemgetpaidfortheirwork.　　C)Theyhavetocooktheirownmeals.D)Theycanchoosetodocommunitywork.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Becausetheyhaveadrivinglicense.　　B)Becausetheyhavereceivedspecialtraining.　　C)BecausethetrafficconditionsinLondonaregood.　　D)Becausethetrafficsystemofthecityisnotverycomplex.18.A)Twotofourmonths.B)Aboutthreeweeks.　C)Atleasthalfayear.D)Twoyearsormore.19.A)Governmentofficersarehardtoplease.　　B)Thelearnerhastogothroughseveraltoughtests.　　C)Thelearnerusuallyfailsseveraltimesbeforehepassesit.D)Thedrivingtestusuallylaststwomonths.20.A)Theydon'twanttheirpresentbossestoknowwhatthey'redoing.　　B)Theywanttoearnmoneyfrombothjobs.　　C)Theycannotearnmoneyastaxidriversyet.　　D)Theylookforwardtofurtherpromotion.PartII　　　　　ReadingComprehension　　　　(35minutes)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Somepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisboundtofallintodisuse.Theyseeadayinthenot-too-distantfuturewhenallautoswillbeabandonedandallowedtorust.Otherauthorities,however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremainaleadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.

455　　Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangesignificantlyoverthenext30years.Itshouldbecomesmaller,safer,andmoreeconomical,andshouldnotbepoweredbythegasolineengine.Thecarofthefutureshouldbefarmorepollution-freethanpresenttypes.　　Regardlessofitspowersource,theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantrafficcongestion(拥挤).Oneproposedsolutiontothisproblemistheautomatedhighwaysystem.　　Whentheautoentersthehighwaysystem,aretractable(可伸缩的)armwilldropfromtheautoandmakecontactwitharail,whichissimilartothosepoweringsubwaytrainselectrically.Onceattachedtotherail,thecarwillbecomeelectricallypoweredfromthesystem,andcontrolofthevehiclewillpasstoacentralcomputer.Thecomputerwillthenmonitorallofthecar'smovements.Thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintothesystem.Thecomputerwillcalculatethebestroute,andreservespaceforthecarallthewaytothecorrectexitfromthehighway.Thedriverwillthenbefreetorelaxandwaitforthebuzzer(蜂鸣器)thatwillwarnhimofhiscomingexit.Itisestimatedthatanautomatedhighwaywillbeabletohandle10,000vehiclesperhour,comparedwiththe1,500to2,000vehiclesthatcanbecarriedbyapresent-dayhighway.21.Onesignificantimprovementinthefuturecarwillprobablybe________.　　A)itspowersourceB)itsdrivingsystemC)itsmonitoringsystemD)itsseatingcapacity22.Whatistheauthor'smainconcern?　　A)Howtorenderautomobilespollution-free.　　B)Howtomakesmallerandsaferautomobiles.　　C)Howtosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams.D)Howtodevelopanautomatedsubwaysystem.23.Whatprovidesautoswithelectricpowerinanautomatedhighwaysystem?　　A)Arail.B)Anengine.C)Aretractablearm.D)Acomputercontroller.24.Inanautomatedhighwaysystem,allthedriverneedstodois_______.　　A)keepintherightlane　　B)waittoarriveathisdestination　　C)keepinconstanttouchwiththecomputercenter

456D)informthesystemofhisdestinationbyphone25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofautos?　　A)Enthusiastic.　B)Pessimistic.C)Optimistic.D)Cautious.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　Foxesandfarmershavenevergotonwell.Thesesmalldog-likeanimalshavelongbeenaccusedofkillingfarmanimals.Theyareofficiallyclassifiedasharmfulandfarmerstrytokeeptheirnumbersdownbyshootingorpoisoningthem.　　Farmerscanalsocallontheservicesoftheirlocalhunttocontrolthefoxpopulation.Huntingconsistsofpursuingafoxacrossthecountryside,withagroupofspeciallytraineddogs,followedbymenandwomenridinghorses.Whenthedogseventuallycatchthefoxtheykillitorahuntershootsit.　　Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport;theywearaspecialuniformofredcoatsandwhitetrousers,andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior.Butowningahorseandhuntingregularlyisexpensive,somosthuntersarewealthy.　　Itisestimatedthatupto100,000peoplewatchortakepartinfoxhunting.Butoverthelastcoupleofdecadesthenumberofpeopleopposedtofoxhunting,becausetheythinkitisbrutal(残酷的),hasrisensharply.Nowadaysitisrareforahunttopassoffwithoutsomekindofconfrontation(冲突)betweenhuntersandhuntsaboteurs(阻拦者).Sometimestheseincidentsleadtoviolence,butmostlysaboteursinterferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox'ssmell,whichthedogsfollow.Noisyconfrontationsbetweenhuntersandsaboteurshavebecomesocommonthattheyarealmostasmuchapartofhuntingasthepursuitoffoxesitself.Butthisyearsupportersoffoxhuntingfaceamuchbiggerthreattotheirsport.ALabourPartyMemberoftheParliament,MikeFoster,istryingtogetParliamenttoapproveanewlawwhichwillmakethehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal.Ifthelawispassed,wildanimalslikefoxeswillbeprotectedunderthebaninBritain.26.RichpeopleinBritainhavebeenhuntingfoxes_____.　　A)forrecreationB)intheinterestsofthefarmersC)tolimitthefoxpopulationD)toshowoftheirwealth27.WhatisspecialaboutfoxhuntinginBritain?　　A)Itinvolvestheuseofadeadlypoison.　　B)Itisacostlyeventwhichrarelyoccurs.　　C)Thehuntershavesetrulestofollow.

457D)Thehuntershavetogothroughstricttraining.28.Foxhuntingopponentsofteninterfereinthegame________.　　A)byresortingtoviolenceB)byconfusingthefoxhuntersC)bytakinglegalactionD)bydemonstratingonthescene29.AnewlawmaybepassedbytheBritishParliamentto________.　　A)prohibitfarmersfromhuntingfoxes　　B)forbidhuntingfoxeswithdogs　　C)stophuntingwildanimalsinthecountrysideD)preventlarge-scalefoxhunting30.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________.　　A)killingfoxeswithpoisonisillegal　　B)limitingthefoxpopulationisunnecessary　　C)huntingfoxeswithdogsisconsideredcruelandviolentD)fox-huntingoftenleadstoconfrontationbetweenthepoorandtherichPassageThreeQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.　　ForanincreasingnumberofstudentsatAmericanuniversities,Oldissuddenlyin.Thereasonisobvious:thegrayingofAmericameansjobs.Coupledwiththeagingofthebaby-boom(生育高峰)generation,alongerlifespanmeansthatthenation'selderlypopulationisboundtoexpandsignificantlyoverthenext50years.By2050,25percentofallAmericanswillbeolderthan65,upfrom14percentin1995.Thechangeposesprofoundquestionsforgovernmentandsociety,ofcourse.Butitalsocreatescareeropportunitiesinmedicineandhealthprofessions,andinlawandbusinessaswell."Inadditiontothedoctors,we'regoingtoneedmoresociologists,biologists,urbanplannersandspecializedlawyers,"saysProfessorEdwardSchneideroftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia's(USC)SchoolofGerontology(老年学).　　Lawyerscanspecializein"elderlaw,"whichcoverseverythingfromtrustsandestatestonursing-homeabuseandagediscrimination(歧视).Businessmenseehugeopportunitiesintheeldermarketbecausethebabyboomers,74millionstrong,arelikelytobethewealthiestgroupofretireesinhumanhistory."Anystudentwhocombinesanexpertknowledgeingerontologywith,say,anMBAorlawdegreewillhavealicensetoprintmoney,"oneprofessorsays.MargariteSantosisa21-year-oldsenioratUSC.Shebegancollegeasabiologymajorbutfoundshewas"reallyboredwithbacteria.”Soshetookaclassingerontologyanddiscoveredthatshelikedit.Shesays,"Idid

458volunteerworkinretirementhomesanditwasverysatisfying."31."…oldissuddenlyin"(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans"______".　　A)Americahassuddenlybecomeanationofoldpeople　　B)gerontologyhassuddenlybecomepopular　　C)moreelderlyprofessorsarefoundonAmericancampusesD)Americancollegeshaverealizedtheneedofenrollingolderstudents32.WiththeagingofAmerica,lawyerscanbenefit______.　　A)fromtheadoptionofthe"elderlaw"　　B)fromrenderingspecialservicestotheelderly　　C)byenrichingtheirprofessionalknowledgeD)bywinningthetrustoftheelderlytopromotetheirowninterests33.Whycanbusinessmenmakemoneyintheemergingeldermarket?　　A)Retireesaremoregenerousinspendingmoney.　　B)Theycanemploymoregerontologists.　　C)Theelderlypossessanenormouspurchasingpower.D)Therearemoreelderlypeopleworkingthanbefore.34.Whocanmakebigmoneyinthenewcenturyaccordingtothepassage?　　A)Retireeswhoarebusiness-minded.　　B)Thevolunteerworkersinretirementhomes.　　C)CollegegraduateswithanMBAorlawdegree.D)Professionalswithagoodknowledgeofgerontology.35.ItcanbeseenfromthepassagethattheexpansionofAmerica'selderlypopulation________.　　A)willprovidegoodjobopportunitiesinmanyareas　　B)willimposeanunbearableburdenonsociety　　C)mayleadtonursinghomeabuseandagediscriminationD)willcreatenewfieldsofstudyinuniversitiesPassageFourQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thedeclineinmoralstandards-whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts-hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans.AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.　　Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation'smoralclimate,saysthisethics(伦理学)professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

459　　Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandindividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles."Thethoughtthat'I'minitforme'hasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,"Ms.Elshtainsays.　　Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday'sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.　　Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament(挽歌)forsomenonexistent"goldenage,"Elshtainsays,norisitawishful(一厢情愿的)longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays."Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan'tbebought."36.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans________.　　A)haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards　　B)arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays　　C)haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthingsD)areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards37.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby______.　　A)itsgrowingwealth　　B)theself-centerednessofindividuals　　C)underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchangesD)theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities38.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?　　A)Greatmobility.B)Concernforone'sneighbors.C)Emphasisonindividualeffort.D)Ever-weakeningsocialbonds.39.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence_____.　　A)wassomethingunheardofB)wasbynomeansarareoccurrenceC)attractedalotofpublicattention

460D)begantoappearinanalysts'data40.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed______.　　A)ifpeoplecanreturntothe"goldenage"　　B)whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights　　C)whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice　　D)iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthingsPartIII　　　　　　VocabularyandStructure　　　　(20minutes)Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.41.BythetimeyougettoNewYork,I_______forLondon.　　A)wouldbeleaving　B)amleavingC)havealreadyleftD)shallhaveleft42.Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenaperson_______underunusualstressheshouldbeespeciallycarefultohaveawell-balanceddiet.　　A)isB)were　　　　C)beD)was43.Thelawyeradvisedhimtodropthe_______,sincehestandslittlechancetowin.　　A)event　B)incident　　　C)caseD)affair44.Sometimeschildrenhavetrouble_______factfromfictionandmaybelievethatsuchthingsactuallyexist.　　A)toseparate　B)separating　　C)forseparatingD)ofseparating45.Heisquitesurethatit's________impossibleforhimtofulfillthetaskwithintwodays.　　A)absolutely　B)exclusively　　C)fullyD)roughly46.Therewasabigholeintheroadwhich________thetraffic.　　A)setback　B)stoodback　C)heldupD)keptdown47.Manyadelegatewasinfavorofhisproposalthataspecialcommittee_______toinvestigatetheincident.　　A)weresetup　　B)wassetup　　C)besetupD)setup48.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay________rolesinraisingchildren.　　A)incapable　　B)indispensable　C)insensibleD)infinite49.Eyecontactisimportantbecausewrongcontactmaycreateacommunication________.　　A)tragedy　　B)vacuum　　C)questionD)barrier50.Therewassuchalonglineattheexhibition________wehadtowaitforabouthalfanhour.　　A)as　　B)that　　C)soD)hence

46151.Thereisno_______tothehousefromthemainroad.　　A)access　　B)avenue　　C)exposureD)edge52.________energyundertheearthmustbereleasedinoneformoranother,forexample,anearthquake.　　A)Accumulated　B)Gathered　C)AssembledD)Collected53.Hewasn'tappointedchairmanofthecommittee,________notverypopularwithallitsmembers.A)tobeconsidered　　B)consideringC)beingconsideredD)havingconsidered54.Thetwentiethcenturyhaswitnessedanenormousworldwidepolitical,economicandcultural　　A)tradition　　B)transportation　C)transmissionD)transformation55.The________stuckontheenvelopesays"ByAir".　　A)diagram　　B)label　C)signalD)mark56.Mobiletelecommunications________isexpectedtodoubleinShanghaithisyearasaresultofacontractsignedbetweenthetwocompanies.　　A)capacity　　B)potential　C)possessionD)impact57.Reading________thelines,IwouldsaythattheGovernmentismoreworriedthantheywilladmit.　　A)behind　B)between　　C)alongD)among58.Mybrother'splansarevery________;hewantstomasterEnglish,FrenchandSpanishbeforeheissixteen.　A)arbitrary　B)aggressive　C)ambitiousD)abundant59.Thingsmighthavebeenmuchworseifthemother_______onherrighttokeepthebaby.A)hasbeeninsisting　　　B)hadinsistedC)wouldinsistD)insisted60.Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot________.Youshouldnotrefertothem.　　A)accurate　B)fixed　　C)delicateD)rigid61.Contrastmaymakesomethingappearmorebeautifulthanitiswhen________alone.A)seen　　B)isseenC)tobeseenD)havingbeenseen62.Thefootballgamecomestoyou________fromNewYork.　　A)lively　B)alive　C)liveD)living63.Noneofusexpectedthechairmanto________attheparty.Wethoughthewasstillinhospital.　　A)turnin　B)turnover　C)turnupD)turndown64.Themotherdidn'tknowwho________forthebrokenglass.　　A)blamed　B)beblamed　C)toblameD)wouldblame

46265.He________tohiscustomersandhalvedtheprice.　　A)leaked　B)drewC)quotedD)yielded66.Tryonwasextremelyangry,butcool-headedenoughto____stormingintotheboss'soffice.　　A)prevent　　B)prohibit　C)turnD)avoid67.Allflights________becauseoftheterribleweather,theyhadtogotherebytrain.A)havingbeencanceled　　B)hadbeencanceledC)havingcanceledD)werecanceled68.Theauthorofthereportiswell________withtheproblemsinthehospitalbecausehehasbeenworkingthereformanyyears.　　A)informed　　B)acquaintedC)enlightenedD)acknowledged69.TheboyspentasmuchtimewatchingTVashe________studying.　　A)does　　B)hadC)wasD)did70.Theship'sgeneratorbrokedown,andthepumpshadtobeoperated________insteadofmechanically.A)manually　B)artificially　　C)automaticallyD)syntheticallyPartIV　　　　　　　　Cloze　　　　　　　　(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Onesummernight,onmywayhomefromworkIdecidedtoseeamovie.Iknewthetheatrewouldbeair-conditionedandIcouldn'tfacemy71apartment.SittinginthetheatreIhadtolookthroughthe72betweenthetwotallheadsinfrontofme.Ihadtokeepchangingthe73everytimesheleanedovertotalktohim,74heleanedovertokissher.WhydoAmericansdisplaysuch75inapublicplace?IthoughtthemoviewouldbegoodformyEnglish,but76turnedout,itwasanItalianmovie.77aboutanhourIdecidedtogiveuponthemovieand78onmypopcorn(爆玉米花).I'veneverunderstoodwhytheygiveyousomuchpopcorn!Ittastedprettygood,79.AfterawhileIheard80moreoftheromantic-soundingItalians.Ijustheardthe81ofthepopcorncrunching(咀嚼)betweenmyteeth.Mythoughtstartedto82.IrememberedwhenIwasinSouthKorea(韩国),I83towatchKojakonTVfrequently.HespokeperfectKorean---Iwasreallyamazed.Heseemedlikeagoodfriendtome,84IsawhimagaininNewYorkspeaking85EnglishinsteadofperfectKorean.Hedidn'tevenhaveaKoreanaccentandI86likeIhadbeenbetrayed.WhenourfamilymovedtotheUnitedStatessixyearsago,noneofusspokeanyEnglish.87wehadbeguntolearnafewwords,mymothersuggestedthatweallshouldspeakEnglishathome,Everyoneagreed,

463butourhousebecamevery88andweallseemedtoavoideachother.Wesatatthedinnertableinsilence,preferringthatto89inadifficultlanguage.MothertriedtosaysomethinginEnglishbutit90outallwrongandweallburstintolaughteranddecidedtoforgetit!We'vebeenspeakingKoreanathomeeversince.71.A)warm　B)hot　　　　C)heatedD)cool72.A)crack　B)blank　　　　C)breakD)opening73.A)aspect　　B)view　　C)spaceD)angle74.A)while　　B)whenever　　C)orD)and75.A)attractionB)attentionC)affectionD)motion76.A)since　　B)when　　C)whatD)as77.A)WithinB)After　C)ForD)Over78.A)concentrateB)chew　C)fixD)taste79.A)too　B)still　　　　C)thoughD)certainly80.A)much　　B)any　　C)noD)few81.A)voice　B)sound　　　C)rhythmD)tone82.A)wonder　B)wander　　　C)imagineD)depart83.A)enjoyed　　B)happened　　C)turnedD)used84.A)until　　B)because　　C)thenD)therefore85.A)artificial　B)informal　C)perfectD)practical86.A)felt　　B)looked　　　　C)seemedD)appeared87.A)While　　B)If　　　C)BeforeD)Once88.A)empty　　B)quiet　　C)stiffD)calm89.A)telling　　B)uttering　　　C)sayingD)speaking90.A)worked　　B)got　　　C)cameD)made试卷二PartVWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:ALettertotheUniversityPresidentabouttheCanteenServiceonCampusYoushouldwriteatleast100words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninChinesebelow:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

4642002年1月四级试题详解2002年1月12日四级考试解析PartIListeningcomprehension1.[D]计算机已坏，当然不能马上发邮件，所以答案为D。2.[A]既然去时图书馆已经闭馆，当然书也就没有借到，由itclosedbeforeIgotthere可以推论说话者没有借到书。3.[A]play键自然是放音的，由此可以判断女士是在playataperecorder。4.[A]从OK,wecandropitthistime可以判断A不对，从男的道歉来看，是男的曾伤害女士，所以答案为D。5.[D]从男士许诺保持联系和要飞过去看女士来看，男的是在为女的送行，答案为D。6.[C]从fulltimestudent来看，说话者是要停止工作全身心地投入学习。7.[C]teachingassistant的工作自然是协助教授授课，即assiststheprofessorwithhisteaching。8.[A]认为票很早就买完了也就是认为没有票了。9.[B]当然男士说Howcouldyousleepthroughthat?显然是责备对方不应该睡觉，那就是应该更认真些，即B。10.[A]从financeandeconomics来看，说话者是想在银行工作。11.[D]本题为信息再现题，文章有明确的表达themandideverythinghecouldtoteachtheparrottosayKetennel,thenameofhisnativetown,buttheneversucceeded,…helosthistemper。12.[C]从文章最后Theparrotwasscreamingatthefourth,"SayKetunnel,orI'llkillyou,"来判断是鹦鹉杀死了三只鸡，即thepetbird。13.[A]鹦鹉恐吓鸡的语言与作者所用的语言一致，说明鹦鹉明白了作者的恐吓，答案为A。14.[D]本题为细节判断题，从about5percentofthepresentpopulationarewomen可以判断妇女在英国囚犯中占的比例很小。15.[A]本题为细节判断题。文章最后一句someareallowedoutofthegroundtostudyortodocommunitywork说明允许囚犯到外面学习或工作，即A。16.[B]本题为细节判断题，文章在介绍封闭性监狱时提到Mostofthemarepaidforwhattheydo.由此可以判断答案为B。17.[B]本题为信息再现题，可遵循听到的是解的原则，根据thereasonsLondontaxidriversaresoefficientisthattheyallhavegonethroughaverytoughtrainingperiod可以判断答案B。18.[D]本题为信息再现题。whichcantaketwotofouryears说明答案为D。19.[A]从主考官的表现可以看处，主考官很严厉，不管你做得多么好，都不会有什么笑脸，不会有什么称赞，所以答案为A。20.[C]文章learnerdriversarenotallowedtoworkandearnmoneyasdrivers.Therefore,manyofthemkeep

465theirpreviousjobs说明答案为C，即在学习驾驶时他们没有薪水，所以必须keeppreviousjobs。SectionA1.M:Jessicacouldyoufurtherthisemailstoalltheclubmembers?W:Sorry,thecomputerbrokedownthismorning.IwilldoitforyouassoonasIhavefixed.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?2.W:Didyoufindthebookforyourreadingassignmentinthelibrary?M:ItclosedbeforeIgotthere.Ihadnoideathatitclosessoearlyonweekends.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.M:Didyoucheckthepowerplugandpresstheplaybutton?W:Yes,thepowerindicatorwason,anditwasrunning,butsomehowthesounddidn'tcomethrough.Q:Whatwasthewomanprobablytryingtodo?4.M:Juana,Iamawfullysorry.Ididn'tmeantohurtyou.Shallwehaveabeerandforgetthewholething?W:OK,wecandropitthistime.Butdon'tdoitagain.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?5.W:Airportsaresadplaces.M:Sometimes,Iguess.Butwe'llkeepintouch.AndIwillflyovertoseeyouwithChristmas.Q:Whatarethespeakersdoing?6.M:Areyougoingtoreturntoyourpresentjobafterthevacation?W:No,Iplantograduatenextsemester.ThatmeansI'llhavetobeafull-timestudent.Q:Whatwillthewomando?7.W:John,areyoudoingresearchforProfessorWilliamsthissemester?M:Actually,Iamworkingashisteachingassistant.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?8.M:Iheardthereareafewseatsleftfortheshowtonight.W:Really?Iwasundertheimpressionthattheticketsweresoldoutalongtimeago.Q:Whatdoweknowfromthewoman'sreply?9.W:Mrs.Long'sbriefingseemstogoonforever.Iwasbarelyabletostayawake.M:Howcouldyousleepthroughthat?Itwasveryimportantforthemissionweweregoingtocarryout.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?10.W:Youseemveryconfidentaboutthejobinterview,don'tyou?M:Yes,Ifeelreadyforit.IboughtagoodsuitandclothingstoreandIhadmyhaircut.Ihadstudiedalmosteverythingaboutfinanceandeconomics.Q:Whereisthemanprobablygoingtowork?

466SectionBPassage1　　TherewasonceamaninSouthAmericawhohadaparrot,apetbirdthatcouldimitatehumanspeech.Theparrotwasunique.Therewasnobirdlikehiminthewholeworld.Hecouldlearntosayanywordexceptone.Hecouldnotsaythenameofhisnativetown,Ketunnel.ThemandideverythinghecouldtoteachtheparrottosayKetunnel,butheneversucceeded.Atfirsthewasverygentlewiththebird.Butgradually,helosthistemper."Youstupidbird.Whycan'tyoulearntosaythatoneword?SayKetunnelorIwillkillyou."Buttheparrotwouldnotsayit.Manytimesthemanscreamed,"SayKetunel,orI'llkillyou."Butthebirdwouldneverrepeatthename.Finally,themangaveup.Hepickeduptheparrotandthrewhimintothechickenhouse."Youareevenmorestupidthanthechickens."Inthechickenhouse,therewerefouroldchickens,waitingtobekilledforSunday'sdinner.Thenextmorning,whenhewentoutofthechickenhouse,themanopenedthedoor.Hewasshockedbywhathesaw.Hecouldnotbelievehiseyesandears.Onthefloorlaythreedeadchickens.Theparrotwasscreamingatthefourth,"SayKetunel,orI'llkillyou."11.Whydidthemanlosehistemper?12.Whokilledthethreechickens?13.Whywastheshockedatthescenethenextmorning?Passage2　　InBritain,ifyouarefoundguiltyofacrime,youcanbesenttoprisonorbefinedorbeorderedtodocommunityworksuchastidyingpublicplacesandhelpingtheold.Youmayalsobesenttospecialcenterswhenyoulearnspecialskillslikecooking,writingandcarmaintenance.About5percentofthepresentpopulationarewomen.Manyprisonswerebuiltoveronehundredyearsago.Butthegovernmentwillhavebuilt11newprisonsbynextyear.Therearetwosortsofprisons___theopensortandtheclosedsort.Intheclosedsort,prisonersaregivenverylittlefreedom.Theyspendthreetotenhoursoutsidetheircellswhentheyexercise,eat,study,learnskills,watchTVandtalktootherprisoners.Allprisonersareexpectedtowork.Mostofthemarepaidforwhattheydo,whetheritisdoingmaintenanceorcookingandcleaning.Prisonersinopenprisonsarelockedupatnight,butfortherestofthetime,theyarefreewithintheprisongrounds.Theycanexercise,havevisitors,orstudy.Andsomeareallowedoutofthegroundtostudyortodocommunitywork.14.WhatdoweknowaboutwomenprisonersinBritain?15.Inwhatwayareopenprisonsdifferentfromclosedprisons?16.WhatdowelearnaboutprisonersinBritain?Passage3　　Londontaxidriversknowthecapitallikethebackoftheirhands.Nomatterhowsmallorindistinctthestreetis,thedriverwillbeabletogetyoutherewithoutanytrouble.ThereasonLondontaxidriversareso

467efficientisthattheyallhavegonethroughaverytoughtrainingperiodtogetspecialtaxidrivinglicense.Duringthisperiod,whichcantaketwotofouryears,thewould-betaxidriverhastolearnthemostdirectroutetoeverysingleroadandtoeveryimportantbuildinginLondon.Toachievethis,mostlearnersgoaroundthecityonsmallmotorbikespracticinghowtomovetoandfromdifferentpointsofthecity.Learnertaxidriversaretestedseveraltimesduringthetrainingperiodbygovernmentofficers.Theexamsareterribleexperience.Theofficersaskyou"HowdoyougetfromBirminghampalacetotheTowerofLondon?"andyouhavetotakethemthereinthedirectline.Whenyougettothetower,theywon'tsay"welldone".Theywillquicklymoveontothenextquestion.Afterfiveorsixquestions,theywilljustsay"Seeyouintwomonths'time."andthenyouknowtheexamisover.Learnerdriversarenotallowedtoworkandearnmoneyasdrivers.Therefore,manyofthemkeeptheirpreviousjobsuntiltheyhaveobtainedthelicense.Thetrainingcancostquitealot,becauselearnershavetopayfortheirownexpensesonthetestsandthemedicalexam.17.WhyareLondontaxidriversveryefficient?18.Howlongdoesthetrainingperiodlast?19.Whydoesthespeakerthinkthedrivingtestisaterribleexperience?20.Whydolearnerdrivershavetokeeptheirpresentjobs?PartIIReadingcomprehensionPassageOne译文一些悲观的专家感到汽车注定要被废弃。他们看到不久的将来有一天所有的汽车都会被抛弃，任其生锈。然而，别的权威们认为汽车还会存在。他们认为在可预见的未来的汽车仍将是城市交通的主要手段。在以后30年中汽车毫无疑问会有重大变化。它应该变得更小、更安全和更经济，而且不应当由汽油发动机驱动。未来的汽车应当比现在的汽车更无污染。无论用什么能源，将来的汽车都将依然是城市交通拥挤的主要问题。对这个问题提出的一个解决办法就是自动公路系统。当汽车进入公路系统，一支伸缩臂从车上落下与铁轨接触，这种铁轨同给地下列车供电的铁轨相似。一旦与铁轨连接，汽车就由系统供电，汽车的操纵交给中心计算机。然后计算机将监控汽车的一切状况。驾驶员将用电话将目的地的指令拨入监控系统。计算机将计算出最佳线路并且为汽车预留通道，使它一路畅通直达正确的公路出口。然后司机可以自由休息，只等蜂鸣器提醒他到了出口。估计自动公路每小时能够运送一万辆车，而现在的公路每小时只能运送一千五百到两千辆。21.[C]从本题的题干来看，未来汽车比较显著的一种变化应该是不同一般的，也应该是文章所着重要介绍的。文章大部分篇幅所介绍的是未来监控系统，所以本题答案应该是C。22.[C]从文章第三段theautointhefuturewillstillbethemainprobleminurbantraffic

468congestion来看，作者主要关心的还是如何解决交通堵塞的问题，即C。23.[A]根据常识来判断，"可伸缩得手臂"只是用来连接汽车与铁轨的工具，是能源的传导器，也就是说，提供能源的不是"可伸缩的手臂"，而"铁轨"，所以答案为A。24.[D]文章的最后一段thedriverwilluseatelephonetodialinstructionsabouthisdestinationintosystem说明本题的答案为D，即在计算机监控系统下，司机所做的不过是通过电话告诉系统自己的目的地而已。25.[C]从作者对计算机监控系统的使用来看，作者对自行车的前景是抱乐观态度的，所以答案为C。PassageTwo译文狐狸和农场主从来就不能和睦相处。这些小的象狗的动物一直因为咬死农场动物而受到谴责。狐狸被正式划为有害动物，农场主通过枪死和毒杀减少它们的数目。农场主还可以要求当地人帮助追猎以控制狐狸的数目。追猎就是用一群经专门训练的狗在乡村追杀狐狸，后面跟着骑马的男人和女人。当狗终于抓住狐狸的时候。狗咬死它或者猎人枪杀它。参加追猎的人把它看成是一项运动，他们穿着红上衣白裤子的特别制服，严格遵守一些规则行动。但拥有一匹马和定期追猎很昂贵，所以大多数猎手都是有钱人。据估计高达十万人观看或者参加与追猎狐狸。但是最近几十年反对猎杀狐狸的人数急剧上升，因为他们认为这样做很残酷。现在几乎没有哪一次狩猎不因狩猎者和阻拦者之间发生某种冲突而告终。有时这些事件导致暴力，但大多数阻拦者都是通过误导骑马的或打乱猎犬跟踪的狐狸嗅迹来干预狩猎。狩猎者和阻拦者之间发生的喧嚣冲突很寻常，几乎成为整个狩猎过程中与追捕狐狸本身同等重要的一部分。但是今年猎狐支持者面对这项运动的更大威胁。议会工党员迈克·福斯特力图让议会批准一项使用狗来猎取野生动物为非法的新法律。如果这项法律通过获得，像狐狸这样的野生动物将在英国禁止令下得到保护。26.[A]从短文第三段Peoplewhotakepartinhuntingthinkofitasasport可以判断，英国人猎狐是作为一种娱乐和消遣，所以答案为A。27.[C]从文章第三段andfollowstrictcodesofbehavior来看，英国人猎狐是又严格规定的，从而说明答案为C。文章第一段虽然提到orpoisoningthem但下毒却不属于猎狐的范畴，所以A不对。28.[B]本题为细节判断题，文章第四段interferewiththehuntbymisleadingridersanddisturbingthetrailofthefox'ssmell说明答案为B。29.[B]本题也是细节理解题，文章最后提到anewlawwhichwillmakehuntingofwildanimalswithdogsillegal说明法律禁止带狗狩猎。30.[C]文章倒数第二段叙述了带狗狩猎被禁止的原因，becausetheythinkitisbrutal可以判断，带着狗狩猎被认为是一种很残酷的行为。译文

469对越来越多的美国大学生来说，老年学突然时髦起来。理由很明显：美国的人口老龄化意味一些就业机会。随着生育高峰一代的老龄化，人的寿命延长就意味着全国老年人口在今后50年内必然有相当大的增长。到2050年，65岁以上的美国人将从1995年的14%增长到25%。当然，这种变化给政府和社会提出一些深刻的问题。但是这也在医药卫生界以及法律和商业界创造了就业机会。南加利弗尼亚大学老年学学院的爱德华·施奈德说：“除了大夫，我们将迫切需要有更多的社会学家、生物学家、城市规划人员和专业律师。”律师可以成为“老年人法”专家，“老年人法”包括从财产委托、房地产到敬老院虐待和年龄歧视。商人在老年人市场看到巨大的商机，因为生育高峰期人数高达七千四百万的产儿很可能将成为人类历史上最富有的退休群体。一位教授说：“任何学生只要有老年学的专门知识，又有一个学位，例如工商管理学硕士或法律学位，就如同有印制钞票的许可证一般”。玛格丽特·桑托斯是南加利弗尼亚大学的一名21岁的四年级学生。她上大学时是个生物学学生，但是她发现“实在厌烦细菌”。所以她上一堂老年学课程，发现很喜欢这门课程。她说：“我在退休老人福利院做志愿者，这使我非常满意。”31.[B]本题的理解要结合上下文，从全文来看，本篇文章所介绍的是老年学的问题，所以Oldissuddenlyin指的是老年学突然流行起来。32.[A]文章的细节都应该与文章的主题有关，从Lawyerscanspecializein"elderlaw"来看，本题答案为A，即律师可以从老年法律中获益。33.[A]文章第二段中arelikelytobethewealthiestgroupofretireesinhumanhistory说明了商人之所以能从老年市场获益的原因，是因为这部分退休的老年都十分富有，并且肯为下一代花钱。34.[D]文章提到anystudentwhocombinesanexpertknowledgeingerontologywith,say,andMBAorlawdegreewillhavealicensetoprintmoney，但是C只说是拥有MBA或法律学位证书的毕业生，而文章说这些资格应该与老年学专业知识结合，D符合这一点，professionals可以指在在MBA或律师专业比较优秀的人士，所以答案为D。35.[A]从文章第一段italsocreatescareeropportunitiesinmedicineandhealthprofessionals,andinlawandbusinessaswell说明美国老龄人口的增加会在很过领域提供就业机会。选项D是事实，不属于推理的结论，不符合题意。PassageFour译文社会分析家关注很久的道德水准下降问题终于引起了普通美国人的注意。作为一名社会分析家，简·比思克·艾尔顿很高兴。普通美国公民现在已经开始严肃思考国民道德风气问题，这使我们有理由希望会产生新思想以改进这种状况，芝加哥大学伦理教授说。但是不要低估这种挑战。美国社会的功利主义者是两个最大的障碍。艾尔斯顿女士说：“‘

470我干这事是为自己的’的思想深深植根于民族意识之中。”她说：其中某些方面应归咎于邻里之间的互相关照的传统社区的解体。由于当今流动性更大，很多夫妻都工作，这种联系已经被削弱，取而代之的是更加强调自我。1996年的一项美国民意测验中，道德沦丧名列美国所面临的是最大问题的榜首。艾尔斯顿说，公众认识到这点是正确的：资料表明美国人正在与50年代从未听到过的问题作斗争，如：教室暴力、未婚母亲生育率。艾尔斯顿说，提高道德水准的愿望不是对某个并不存在的“黄金时代”的挽歌，也不是对一个曾拒绝给妇女和少数民族以机会的时代一厢情愿的愿望。实际上，大多数人赞成减少歧视。她说，直到人们克服社会上功利主义的办法时，道德沦丧才能扭转。“慢慢地你会认识到：要紧的东西是那些买不到的。”36.[D]问题为细节理解题，文章第一段thedeclineinmoralstandardshasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans说明Elshtain教授看到美国人开始意识到道德标准的下降而感到高兴。37.[B]文章第三段Withtoday'sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself说明美国社会道德下降的原因是因为人们太以自我为中心了，即选项B。38.[B]本题为细节判断题。文章第四段thedisintergrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother，非限制性定语从句解释了传统社区的特点，即邻里之间能相互关照。39.[A]本题为细节辨认题。文章倒数第三段unheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolence说明在20世纪50年代，教室暴力是闻所未闻之事。40.[D]本题为细节变向表达。文章最后一段Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety说明如果想改变目前道德标准下降的状况就应该改变物欲太重的现象，即D。PartIIIVocabularyandStructure41.[D]by引导时间状语时，句子一般用完成时态，这里by短语所引导的是将来的时间，因此应该用将来完成时，所以答案为D。42.[A]本题中所填谓语动词是宾语从句中时间状语从句中的谓语动词，不受前面动词的限制，该用什么时态的就用什么时态。从句表示一般将来，因此应该用一般现在，答案A。43.[C]本题为话题同现题，从lawyer的使用可以判断这里所表达的是"案件"，所以答案为C。44.[B]本题为搭配题，表示做某事有困难，一般用havetroubleindoingsomething,in可以省略，所以答案为B。45.[A]本题为搭配同现题，一般表示"完全不可能，绝对不可能用absolutelyimpossible。46.[C]本题表示由于道路中间有个大洞，交通受到阻碍。setback表示"使受挫折"，standback表示

471"向后站"，holdup表示"阻挡，拦截"，keepdown表示"镇压，保留"。根据本题的意思，应该填holdup,表示交通受阻。47.[C]本题是对虚拟语气的考查，在表示"命令，建议，要求"的名词性从句中要用should加原形动词，should可以省略，所以答案为C。48.[B]incapable表示"无能"，insensible表示"无知觉，麻木"，indispensable表示"必不可少"，infinite表示"无限的"。本题表示父母在育儿方面是必不可少的，所以答案B。49.[D]本题为话题同现。不正确的眼睛交流有可能造成交流上的障碍。Tragedy意为"悲剧"，question意为"问题"，vacuum意为"真空"，barrier意为"障碍物"，所以答案为barrier。50.[B]本题为句型搭配，such…that表示"如此…以致于"。51.[A]本题为搭配题。可以与介词to连用的有access和exposure，但是exposure意为"暴露，揭发"，与题意不符。本题表示没有通往房间的道路，能表达这一概念的是access。52.[A]accumulate意为"积累"，有"逐步，逐渐"的含义，assemble意为"集合"，gather意为"聚集"，collect为"收集"。地球下面的能量是一天天慢慢积攒的，所以答案为accumulate。53.[C]本题考查的是非谓语动词作状语。非谓语动词做状语时，主要是依据非谓语动词与句子主语之间的关系，如果是动宾关系，则用过去分词，本句中consider与句子主语之间是动宾关系，因此答案为C。54.[D]tradition意为"传统"，transmission表示疾病或媒体方面的传播，transportation意为"交通"，transformation表示"转变"，本题表示20世纪发生了世界性的政治、经济和文化方面的转变，所以答案为transformation。55.[B]本题为上下词复现，贴在信封上的就是label。56.[C]本题表示今年上海手机的拥有量会翻一番。Capacity表示"容量"，potential为"潜能"，possession表示"拥有，占有"，impact表示"冲击"，所以答案为possession。57.[B]本题为固定短语，readbetweenthelines表示能理解文章的深层含义。58.[C]16岁以前想掌握英语、法语和西班牙语，可见是雄心勃勃，能表达此含义的是ambitious,arbitrary意为"武断的"，aggressive表示"侵略性的"，abundant表示"丰富的，充裕的"，都与题意不符。59.[B]本题为虚拟语气，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，应该用过去完成时，答案为B。60.[A]本题为修饰同现题。用来说明数据的应该是accurate。其他fixed表示"固定的"，delicate表示"精巧的，精致的，微妙的"，rigid表示"刚性的，严格的"，都与话题不符。61.[A]本题为分词作状语，see与句子主语之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词，所以答案为seen。62.[C]本题为话题同现，足球比赛直播英语为live。63.[C]本题考查的是短语动词意思的差别，turnin表示"上缴"，turnover表示"打翻，反复考虑，周转"，turnup表示"出现，露面"，turndown表示

472"拒绝"。本题表示主席没有在宴会上露面，所以答案为turnup。64.[C]本题为"疑问词+不定式"在句中做宾语，四个选项中只有一个不定式。65.[D]本题为因果同现，价格降了一半显然是向顾客妥协了，答案为yield。其他leak（漏），draw（画，拉，绘制）quote（引用）都与句子意思不符。66.[D]本题为同现题，如果一个人很冷静的话，就不会闯入办公室，所以答案为avoid。67.[A]本题考查的是独立主格，独立主格中分词与其逻辑主语间是动宾关系，表示完成，应该用非谓语动词的完成被动形式，即A。68.[B]本题为搭配题，beacquaintedwith表示"对…熟悉，了解"。69.[D]在比较状语从句中一般应该用助动词或情态动词，本题答案为did用以代替上文中的spendtime。70.[A]本题为对立同现，与mechanically相对的应该是manually，即手工。其他选项automatically（自动地）artificially（人工地，假），synthetically（综合底）都与mechanically不构成同现关系。PartIVCloze71.[B]本题为同现题，在夏天，没有空调，剧院应该是很热，所以答案为hot。72.[D]crack指"裂缝"，blank指"空白"，break指"破裂，休息"，opening指"空缺，口子"。这里指两个人头之间的空隙，应该用opening。73.[D]这里表示前面人头位置一变，自己就要改变角度看，角度应该用angle表达。74.[C]"男的侧身过去与女的说话"与"女的侧身吻男的"两者之间应该是选择关系，所以答案为or。75.[C]本题是对上文中男女两人的作为的描写,答案为affection,指两个人之间的亲密。76.[D]这里不是状语从句，而是定语从句，表示"正如接着自己所看到的一样"，具有此功能的是as。77.[B]从时间关系上来看，作者是看了一个小时后才决定放弃电影的，所以答案为after。78.[B]本题为复现题，下文中提到自己只能听到thesoundofthepopcorncrunching说明自己开始嚼爆玉米花，表示嚼的动词是chew。79.[C]Ittastedprettygood与上文的I'veneverunderstoodwhytheygiveyousomuchpopcorn之间应该是让步关系，所以答案为though。80.[C]从下文只能听到嚼玉米花的声音判断本题答案为no，表示听不到电影中的浪漫声音。81.[B]本题为同现题，嚼玉米花的声音应该用sound表达。82.[B]从下文中自己所想可以判断这里表示自己的思绪开始游荡，能表达此含义的是wander。Wonder表示"诧异，纳闷"，depart表示离开，imagine表示想象，都与上下文不符。83.[D]叙述自己过去的事情，又表示经常性行为，应该用usedto。84.[A]从下文的betray可以判断，在自己发现真情之前一直把对方当作朋友，四个选项中能表示"到某时为止就不……"的是until。85.[B]本题是对立同现题，与perfect语言相对的应该是不正规语言，应该是informal，其他artificial（人工的，假的）practical（实际的）都与language不同现，与perfect不对立。

47386.[A]本句表示自己看到这种情况的感觉，四个选项中表示感觉的动词是feel。87.[D]本题答案为once表示"我们一开始学习英语，母亲就提出了一个建议，建议我们在家里都说英语"。88.[B]从weallseemedtoavoideachother与wesatatthedinnertableinsilence来看，答案应该是quiet，即大家都保持沉默，屋里十分安静，吃饭时也都是默默地吃。89.[D]从句法结构来看，动词后没有宾语，应该用不及物动词，由此可以判断答案为speaking。90.[C]本句表示，母亲试着说点英语，结果是错误百出，我们都禁不住发笑。Workout表示"解决，设计处，计算处"，comeout表示"出来，出现，真相大白"，getout表示"逃脱，离开"，makeout表示"填写，理解，辨认出"。四个短语，能表达结果含义的是comeout。