高考英语常用派生词汇总

《高考英语常用派生词汇总》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在应用文档-天天文库。

高考英语常用派生词汇总常用单词词形变化归纳一．名词（一）-ment1.employv.雇用→employmentn.工作，职业2.treatv.治疗；对待→treatmentn.治疗3.entertainvt.使愉快→entertainmentn.娱乐；款待→entertainingadj.有趣的，令人愉快的4.governvt.统治，治理→governmentn.政府5.developv.发展，培养→developmentn.发展→developingadj.发展中的→developedadj.发达的6.establishvt.确立；建立→establishmentn.确立；建立7.punishv.惩罚→punishmentn.惩罚8.adjustvt.调整→adjustmentn.调整9.appointv.任命，委派；约定→appointmentn.约会，预约10.commitv.犯(错误，罪行)，使承担义务，承诺→commitmentn.承诺11.accomplishv.完成(任务等)，取得(成功)→accomplishmentn.成就，完成12.investv.投资→investmentn.投资→investorn.投资者13.disagreevi.不同意；意见不合→disagreementn.不同意，争执14.encouragevt.鼓励→encouragementn.鼓励，激励15.achievevt.取得(成就)→achievementn.成就，功业，伟绩16.announcev.声明，宣布→announcementn.声明，公告→announcern.播音员17.retirevi.退休→retirementn.退休18.settlev.解决；定居→settlern.移民，殖民者→settlementn.解决；协议19.amusevt.娱乐；使快乐→amusementn.娱乐，游戏，文娱活动20.requirevt.需要→requirementn.需要21.arrangev.安排→arrangementn.安排22.improvev.提高，改进→improvementn.改进，改善，进步23.judgev.判断n.裁判；法官→judgment/judgementn.判断；意见19

124.arguevi.争论→argumentn.争论（二）-tion●1.instructvt.指示，指导→instructionn.指示，说明2.correctvt.改正adj.正确的→correctionn.改正，纠正3.reactvi.反应→reactionn.反应4.attractvt.吸引→attractionn.吸引→attractiveadj.吸引人的5.constructvt.建造，建设→constructionn.建造，建设，建筑6.protectvt.保护→protectionn.保护7.inventvt.发明→inventionn.发明8.addictn.(对药物等)上瘾的人→addictionn.瘾；入迷；嗜好→addictedadj.有瘾的；上瘾的9.connectv.连接；联系→connectionn.联系，关系，关联10.directvt.指挥adj.直接的；径直的→directionn.方向→directorn.指挥11.predictvt.预言，预料→predictionn.预测12.collectv.收藏→collectionn.收藏；收藏品→collectorn.收藏家，收集者13.interruptv.打断→interruptionn.打扰，打断15.suggestvt.建议→suggestionn.建议14.extinctadj.绝种的；消亡了的→extinctionn.消失；灭绝16.intendv.打算→intentionn.打算，目的，意图17.attendv.出席，参加；照顾；注意→attentionn.注意；照顾●1.situatevt.使位于，使处于…地位（位置）→situationn.情况；形势，处境；地理位置→situatedadj.位于(某处)的2.locatevt.把……设置在；把……建造在→locationn.位置→locatedadj.位于3.relatev.联系→relationn.关系→relativen.亲戚，亲属4.accumulatev.积累，积聚→accumulationn.积累，积聚5.regulatev.规定，管理，整顿→regulationn.规则，条例6.educatevt.教育；培养；训练→educationn.教育→educatedadj.受过教育的，有教养的7.congratulatevt.祝贺→congratulationn.祝贺8.graduatevi.毕业n.毕业生→graduationn.毕业19

29.liberatevt.解放→liberationn.解放10.imitatevt.临摹，仿造，模仿→imitationn.临摹，仿造，模仿11.decoratevt.装饰→decorationn.装饰物→decorativeadj.装饰的12.indicatevt.象征；暗示→indicationn.指示；象征13.hesitatev.犹豫，迟疑→hesitationn.犹豫14.appreciatevt.感激；欣赏→appreciationn.感激；欣赏15.createvt.创造，发明→creationn.创造力→creativeadj.创造性的16.concentratevi.集中(注意力、思想等)→concentrationn.专心，专注，注意17.participatev.参加，参与→participationn.参加，参与→participantn.参与者，参加者18.communicatevi.(用语言、信号)传递信息；交流→communicationn.交流，沟通19.celebratevt.庆祝→celebrationn.庆祝；庆典20.accommodatevt.容纳(乘客等)→accommodationn.住处；住宿，膳食21.immigratev.移民，移居→immigrationn.移居→immigrantn.移民，侨民22.migratev.迁移，迁徏；移居→migrationn.迁移，迁徏；移居→migrantn.候鸟；移居者23.desperateadj.绝望的→desperationn.绝望despairn.绝望●1.adaptvi.适应；适合→adaptationn.适应→adaptableadj.适应性强的2.informvt.告知→informationn.信息3.considervt.考虑→considerationn.考虑→considerateadj.体贴的，考虑周到的→considerableadj.相当多的，相当大的→consideringprep.鉴于4.expectvt.期待，期望；料想，预期→expectationn.期望；预期5.interpretv.诠释，解释；翻译→interpretationn.解释，演绎→interpretern.口译员6.relaxv.放松；(使)休息→relaxation7.explainvt.解释→explanationn.解释8.invitevt.邀请→invitationn.邀请9.examinevt.检查→examinationn.检查；考试10.determinev.(使)决定；确定→determinationn.决心→determinedadj.坚决的11.combinev.结合，联合→combinationn.联合12.imaginevt.想象→imaginationn.想象，设想→imaginaryadj.想象中的，假想的，虚构的13.organisevt.组织→organisationn.组织19

314.explorevt.探索→explorationn.探索→explorern.探险者15.declarevt.宣布→declarationn.宣言；声明16.preparevt.准备→preparationn.准备17.observevt.观察→observationn.观察→observatoryn.观察台18.starvevi.饿死→starvationn.饥饿19.reservev.保留；预约，预订n.保护区→reservationn.保留；预订20.preservev.保护；保存→preservationn.保存；贮藏21.registervt.记录；登记→registrationn.执照；登记22.qualifyvt.&vi.（使）有资格→qualificationn.合格；资格→qualifiedadj.合格的，称职的23.occupyv.占领→occupationn.职业→occupiedadj.被占领的，忙于24.applyv.申请；应用→applicationn.申请；应用●1.contributevt.贡献→contributionn.贡献2.distributev.分发，分配，分送→distributionn.分发，分配3.exhibitvt.展览→exhibitionn.展览4.recognisevt.认出；认识到；承认→recognitionn.认出；承认5.opposevt.反对→oppositionn.反对→oppositeprep.在……对面adj.相对的；对面的；6.composevt.作曲；创作→compositionn.作文；作曲7.competevi.竞争→competitionn.竞赛，比赛→competitorn.竞争者→competitiveadj.竞争的8.describevt.描述→descriptionn.记述，描述9.solvevt.解决→solutionn.解答；答案10.producevt.创作；生产→productionn.创作；生产；产量→productn.产品11.introducevt.介绍；引进→introductionn.介绍；引进12.destroyvt.破坏，毁坏→destructionn.破坏，毁坏→destructiveadj.破坏性的，毁灭性的（三）-sion1.impressvt.使印象深刻→impressionn.印象→impressiveadj.给人印象深刻的2.expressvt.表达→expressionn.表达3.depressv.使沮丧，使意志消沉，使心灰意冷→depressionn.沮丧，消沉4.possessv.拥有→possessionn.所有物，财产5.admitvt.承认→admissionn.承认；进入许可；录用19

46.permitvt.允许n.许可证→permissionn.许可7.concludevt.得出结论→conclusionn.结论7.decidevt.决定→decisionn.决定8.explodevi.爆炸→explosionn.爆炸9.invadev.入侵，侵略→invasionn.入侵，侵略10.collidevi.碰撞→collisionn.碰撞11.tenseadj.紧的；紧张的→tensionn.紧张（四）-ence/-ance●1.intelligentadj.聪明的→intelligencen.智力2.patientadj.耐心的n.病人→patiencen.耐心3.silentadj.安静的；沉默的，不说话的→silencen.安静；沉默，不说话4.differentadj.不同的→differencen.差异，区别5.independentadj.独立的→independencen.独立6.violentadj.猛烈的，激烈的，强烈的→violencen.暴力→violentlyadv.猛烈地，激烈地7.convenientadj.方便的→conveniencen.方便；便利→inconveniencen.不便；麻烦8.confidentadj.自信的→confidencen.信心→confidentlyadv.自信地9.absentadj.缺席的，不在场的；缺乏的→absencen.缺乏，不存在10.presentadj.出席的，在场的→presencen.出席，在场11.distantadj.遥远的→distancen.距离12.importantadj.重要的→importancen.重要性13.significantadj.重要的→siginificancen.重要性●1.performv.表演；运行；表现→performancen.表演；表现→performern.表演者2.assistvt.帮助，援助→assistancen.帮助，援助→assistantn.助手，助理3.resistvt.抵抗，忍耐；抵制→resistancen.抵抗→resistantadj.有抵抗力的，抵抗的4.appearv.出现，露面→appearancen.外貌，外观；出现，露面5.insurev.给……投保→insurancen.保险6.guidev.指导，引导→guidancen.指导，引导7.ignorev.忽视；不理，不管→ignorancen.无知，愚昧→ignorantadj.愚昧的，无知的19

58.enterv.进入→entrancen.入口9.existvi.存在→existencen.存在→existingadj.存在的；目前的10.refervt.谈到；提到；查阅→referencen.参考，查阅11.prefervt.更喜欢→preferencen.偏爱；偏爱的事物12.defendvt.保护，防卫→defencen.保护，防卫13.offendvt.触怒，得罪，冒犯→offencen.冒犯，触怒；（五）-ty1.safeadj.安全的→safetyn.安全2.honestadj.诚实的→honestyn.诚实→honestlyadv.诚实地3.modestadj.谦虚的，谦逊的→modestyn.谦虚，谦逊4.realadj.真的→realityn.现实5.equaladj.平等的vt.等于；比得上n.同等的人或物→equalityn.平等→equallyadv.平等地6.similaradj.同样的，类似的→similarityn.相似，类似7.majoradj.主要的；多数的→majorityn.大多数8.minoradj.较小的，少数的→minorityn.少数民族；极少数9.generousadj.慷慨的，大方的→generosityn.慷慨，大方10.curiousadj.好奇的→curiosityn.好奇心→curiouslyadv.好奇地11.activeadj.积极的，活跃的→activityn.活动12.diverseadj.完全不同的；各不相同的→diversityn.多样性13.secureadj.安全的→securityn.安全14.possibleadj.可能的→possibilityn.可能；可能性→possiblyadv.可能地15.ableadj.有能力的→abilityn.能力→disablevt.使伤残→disabledadj.残疾的→disabilityn.失去能力；伤残16.responsibleadj.尽责的；负有责任的→responsibilityn.责任17.anxiousadj.焦虑的，不安的→anxietyn.焦虑；不安18.varyvi.变化→variousadj.各种各样的→varietyn.种类19.pooradj.贫穷的povertyn.贫穷（六）-ness1.sadadj.悲伤的→sadnessn.悲伤→sadlyadv.伤心地；不幸地2.illadj.生病的→illnessn.疾病19

63.sickadj.生病的→sicknessn.疾病4.weakadj.虚弱的；无力的，软弱的→weaknessn.弱点，缺点；软弱；弱，虚弱5.darkadj.黑暗的；乌黑的n.黑暗；暗处→darknessn.黑暗6.consciousadj.意识到的；自觉的→consciousnessn.意识；知觉→unconsciousadj.无意的；不知不觉的7.awareadj.意识到的，知道的→awarenessn.意识，认识8.forgivev.原谅，宽恕→forgivenessn.原谅（七）-ing1.warnvt.警告→warningn.警告2.suffervi.遭受(痛苦)→sufferingn.痛苦；苦恼adj.令人痛苦的→sufferern.受害者，受难者；患病者3.spellvt.拼写→spellingn.拼写4.meanvt.意思是；意味着→meaningn.意义；意思5.greetvt.问候→greetingn.问候6.feelvt.感觉→feelingn.感觉，知觉；感情7.trainvt.训练→trainingn.训练，培训（八）-th1.strongadj.坚强的；强壮的→strengthn.力量；力气2.warmadj.温暖的→warmthn.温暖；热情3.deepadj.深的→depthn.深度；深处4.longadj.长的→lengthn.长度5.trueadj.真的，真实的→truthn.真相6.youngadj.年轻的→youthn.年轻；青年时期7.growv.生长，成长→growthn.生长；增长（九）其它1.failv.失败→failure失败2.pressv.按下，压下→pressuren.压力3.mixvt.&vi.(使)混合→mixturen.混合物4.furnishv.为(房屋或房间)配备家具→furnituren.家具5.signvt.签署→signaturen.签名19

76.inhabitv.居住→inhabitantn.居民7.applyvi.申请→applicantn.申请人→applicationn.申请8.migratev.迁移，迁徏；移居→migrantn.候鸟；移居者→migrationn.迁移，迁徏；移居9.immigratev.移民，移居→immigrantn.移民，侨民→immigrationn.移居10.arrivevi.到达→arrivaln.到达11.survivevi.幸存，存活→survivaln.幸存，存活12.proposev.建议，提议→proposaln.提议，建议13.believevt.相信→beliefn.信念，信条→believableadj.可以相信的14.relievev.解除，减轻，缓和→reliefn.(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除，减轻，调剂15.freeadj.自由的；空闲的；免费的→freedomn.自由16.wiseadj.聪明的，明智的→wisdomn.智慧17.injurevt.伤害→injuryn.伤害；损伤；受伤处18.braveadj.勇敢的→braveryn.勇敢19.breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn.呼吸20.bathev.沐浴，洗澡→bathn.沐浴，洗澡；浴缸21.unitevt.联合→unionn.联合；团结；公会→unitedadj.团结的22.fluentadj.流畅的，流利的→fluencyn.流畅，流利23.complainvi.抱怨；发牢骚→complaintn.抱怨24.justadj.公正的→justicen.公正25.losevt.失去；丢失→lossn.损失26.comparevt.比较→comparisonn.比较；比喻27.exposev.使暴露→exposuren.暴露；显露28.championn.冠军→championshipn.冠军地位；锦标赛29.affectvt.影响→effectn.影响，效果→affectionn.爱，慈爱；情感30.apologizevi.道歉→apologyn.道歉31.choosev.选择→choicen.选择32.containvt.包含→containern.容器→contentn.内容33.laughvi.笑→laughtern.笑，笑声34.proudadj.骄傲的→priden.骄傲35.thinkv.想；认为→thoughtn.想法19

836.weighv.称重；重量是→weightn.重量（十）具有不同形式和词义的名词1.architecturen.建筑学→architectn.建筑师2.artn.艺术；美术→artistn.画家3.crimen.罪行；犯罪行为→criminaln.罪犯4.dancen.&v.舞蹈→dancern.舞蹈者，舞蹈家5.designn.&v.设计→designern.设计师6.enginen.发动机→engineern.工程师7.noveln.小说→novelistn.小说家8.pianon.钢琴→pianistn.钢琴家9.poemn.诗歌→poetn.诗人10.prisonn.监狱→prisonern.囚犯11.rulen.规则→rulern.尺子12.villagen.村庄→villager村民13.hostn.（男）主人；vt.主持，主办→hostessn.（女）主人14.actorn.（男）演员→actressn.（女）演员15.waitern.（男）侍者，服务员→waitressn.（女）侍者，（女）服务员（十一）以or结尾的名词actordoctorinventorinvestorcollectorcreatorconductordirectoreditoreducatormonitorvisitorcompetitorsailorsurvivorprofessorauthorgovernorancestoremperorambassadorbachelorsponsornavigatorcommentatormediator二．形容词（一）-ed/-ingsurpriseastonishamazeshockfrightenscaresurprisedastonishedamazedshockedfrightenedscaredsurprisingastonishingamazingshockingfrighteningcaring/scarysurpriseastonishmentamazementshockfright　worrypuzzleconfusepleaseamuseexciteworriedpuzzledconfusedpleasedamusedexcitedworryingpuzzlingconfusingpleasing/pleasantamusingexcitingworrypuzzlepleasureamusementexcitementmovetouchannoyinterestembarrassdisappointmovedtouchedannoyedinterestedembarrasseddisappointed19

9movingtouchingannoyinginterestingembarrassingdisappointing　satisfaction　interestshockdisappointmentexhausttireinspireencouragediscouragerelaxexhaustedtiredinspiredencourageddiscouragedrelaxedexhaustingtiringinspiringencouragingdiscouragingrelaxingexhaustiontirednessinspirationencouragementdiscouragementrelaxationboresatisfyboredsatisfiedboringsatisfying/satisfactory　satisfaction（二）-al/-ial1.originn.起源→originaladj.原来的；最初的→originatev.起源2.traditionn.传统→traditionaladj.传统的；习俗的3.optionn.选择→optionaladj.可选择的4.continentn.大陆，大洲→continentaladj.大陆的，大洲的5.environmentn.环境→environmentaladj.环境的6.coastn.海岸→coastaladj.沿海的7.conventionn.惯例，常规；习俗→conventionaladj.按惯例的；传统的8.universen.宇宙→universaladj.宇宙的，全世界的；普世的9.globen.地球；地球仪→globaladj.全球的10.culturen.文化→culturaladj.文化的11.naturen.自然；天性，性格→naturaladj.自然的→naturallyadv.自然地12.agriculturen.农业→agriculturaladj.农业的13.centre/centern.中心→centraladj.中央的，中心的；重要的，核心的14.economyn.经济→economicaladj.经济的；节约的→economistn.经济学家19

1015.politicsn.政治→politicaladj.政治的→politiciann.政治家16.historyn.历史→historicaladj.历史性的→historicadj.有历史意义的17.geographyn.地理→geographicaladj.地理的18.intellectn.智力；思维→intellectualadj.脑力的；思维的；需用才智的19.financen.财政，金融→financialadj.财政的，金融的20.facen.脸→facialadj.脸部的，面部的21.racen.种族→racialadj.种族的22.societyn.社会；社团；交往→socialadj.社会的23.influencevt.&n.影响→influentialadj.有影响的24.benefitn.好处，利益→beneficialadj.有益的，有用的25.industryn.工业→industrialadj.工业的（三）-ful1.colourn.颜色→colourfuladj.彩色的2.thankn.&vt.感谢→thankfuladv.感激的→thankfullyadv.感激地3.hopen.&vt.希望→hopefuladv.满怀希望的→hopefullyadv.满怀希望地4.painn.痛，痛苦→painfuladj.痛的；痛苦的5.peacen.和平；平静→peacefuladj.和平的；平静的，安静的6.stressn.vt.强调→stressfuladj.紧张的7.powern.力量vt.供给动力→powerfuladj.强有力的8.successn.成功→successfuladj.成功的→succeedvi.成功9.doubtn.&v.怀疑→doubtfuladj.怀疑的10.regretv.&n.后悔，悔恨→regretfuladj.后悔的，遗憾的→regretfullyadv.后悔地，遗憾地11.respectn.&vt.尊敬，尊重；遵守→respectableadj.值得尊敬的→respectfuladj.(充满)尊敬的12.skilln.能力，技能→skilled/skillfuladj.熟练的（四）-y1.noisen.吵闹声，嘈杂声→noisyadj.吵闹的，嘈杂的2.rainn.雨→rainyadj.下雨的3.windn.风→windyadj.有风的，风大的4.snown.雪→snowyadj.下雪的19

115.fogn.雾→foggyadj.有雾的，雾大的6.cloudn.云→cloudyadj.阴天的，多云的7.dustn.灰尘，尘土→dustyadj.布满灰尘的8.mudn.泥，泥浆→muddyadj.泥泞的9.saltn.盐→saltyadj.含盐的，咸的10.healthn.健康→healthyadj.(反义词)健康的11.wealthn.财富；财产→wealthyadj.富裕的；有钱的12.luckn.运气；好运→luckyadj.幸运的→luckilyadv.幸运地；幸亏13.riskn.危险vt.使遭受危险；冒险→riskyadj.危险的；冒险的14.moodn.心情；心境→moodyadj.喜怒无常的15.hilln.小山→hillyadj.多山的；丘陵起伏的16.hungern.饥饿→hungryadj.饥饿的17.tasten.味道v.品尝；尝起来有……味道→tastyadj.美味可口的（五）-ed1.balancen.天平；平衡→balancedadj.平衡的2.talentn.天分，天赋，才华→talentedadj.有才能的3.abandonv.放弃，抛弃→abandonedadj.被放弃的，被遗弃的4.crowdn.人群vt.聚拢→crowdedadj.拥挤的5.experiencevt.经历n.[C]经历[U]经验→experiencedadj.有经验的6.limitvt.限制→limitedadj.有限的→limitlessadj.无限的7.devotev.为……付出时间/努力/金钱等→devotedadj.专心的8.marryv.结婚，娶，嫁→marriedadj.已婚的→marriagen.婚姻9.woundv.使受伤→woundedadj.受伤的（六）-ous/-ious1.mountainn.山；山脉→mountainousadj.多山的→mountaineern.登山运动员2.humo(u)rn.幽默→humorousadj.幽默的3.poisonn.毒，毒物→poisonousadj.有毒的4.mysteryn.神秘的事物，谜→mysteriousadj.神秘的5.ambitionn.志气，抱负，雄心→ambitiousadj.有志气的，有野心的6.harmonyn.融洽，一致→harmoniousadj.融洽的，和谐的19

12（七）-ic1.symboln.象征；符号→symbolicadj.象征的，象征性的；2.artn.艺术→artisticadj.艺术的3.energyn.能量；精力；能源→energeticadj.精力充沛的（八）-able1.honourv.尊敬，敬重→honourableadj.可敬的2.suitv.合适；适合→suitableadj.合适的，适合的3.visionn.视力，视觉→visibleadj.看得见的→invisible(反义词)adj.看不见的4.remarkvi.&vt.说起；评论n.评论；讲话→remarkableadj.显著的，非凡的5.valuen.价值→valuableadj.宝贵的，珍贵的6.reasonn.原因，理由→reasonableadj.合理的；讲道理的（九）-ly1.dayn.天，日子→dailyadj.每天的2.weekn.周，星期→weeklyadj.每周的3.monthn.月→monthlyadj.每月的4.yearn.年→yearlyadj.每年的5.friendn.朋友→friendlyadj.友好的6.loven.爱→lovelyadj.可爱的7.ordern.秩序→orderlyadj.有条理的8.livelyadj.生动的，活泼的9.likelyadj.可能的10.lonelyadj.孤单的，寂寞的→aloneadj.单独的，独自的adv.单独地，独自地（十）-en1.wooln.羊毛→woolenadj.羊毛的2.woodn.木头→woodenadj.木制的3.goldn.金，黄金→goldenadj.金色的；珍贵的4.eastn.东方adj.东方的adv.在东边；朝东边→easternadj.东方的5.westn.西方adj.西方的adv.在西边；朝西边→westernadj.西方的6.southn.南方adj.南方的adv.在南边；朝南边→southernadj.南方的7.northn.北方adj.北方的adv.在北边；朝北边→northernadj.北方的19

13（十一）反义词1.aimn.目标；目的→aimlessadj.无目标的；无目的的2.endn.末端，最后部分→endlessadj.无限的；无尽的3.breathn.呼吸→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的4.usefuladj.有用的→endlessadj.无用的5.hopefuladj.有用的→hopelessadj.无用的6.helpfuladj.有帮助的→helplessadj.无助的；无能的；无用的7.harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.无害的8.carefuladj.有用的→carelessadj.无用的9.tastyadj.美味的，可口的→endlessadj.无味的10.politeadj.礼貌的→impoliteadj.无礼的11.properadj.适当的→improperadj.不适当的12.regularadj.有规律的；平常的→irregularadj.不规则的，无规律的13.responsibleadj.负责任的；负有责任的→irresponsibleadj.不负责任的，不可靠的14.legaladj.法律的；合法的→illegaladj.违法的；非法的（十二）其它1.freezevt.冷冻→freezingadj.冷冰冰的；极冷的→frozenadj.结冰的；冻结的2.surroundvt.围绕；环绕→surroundingadj.周围的→surroundingsn.周围环境3.refreshv.使恢复精力；使凉爽→refreshingadj.令人耳目一新的4.remainv.仍然，有待→remainingadj.剩余的→remainsn.遗迹；遗体5.favourn.恩惠；善意的行为→favouriteadj.特别受喜爱的6.evidencen.证据→evidentadj.显然的，明显的三．副词fortunate→fortunatelyimmediate→immediatelysafe→safelywide→widelypolite→politelycomplete→completelyentire→entirelyrare→rarelyclose→closelyextreme→extremelystrange→strangelylarge→largelyrelative→relativelyeffective→effectivelysure→surelybrave→bravelyfiece→fiecelyabsolute→absolutelydefinite→definitelymere→merelytrue→truly19

14possible→possiblyprobable→probablyterrible→terriblycomfortable→comfortablysimple→simply四．动词(一)-en/en-1.deepadj.深的→deepenvt.加深2.broadadj.宽阔的，广阔的→broadenvt.拓宽3.wideadj.宽的→widenvt.加宽4.sharpadj.尖的，锋利的→sharpenvt.使锋利，削尖5.brightadj.明亮的→brightenvt.（使）发亮；（使）生色；（使）快乐6.threatn.威胁→threatenvt.威胁7.frightn.恐惧，害怕→frightenvt.使……恐惧，使……害怕8.strengthn.力气→strengthenvt.加强9.largeadj.大的→enlargevt.扩大10.richadj.丰富的→enrichvt.丰富11.couragen.勇气→encouragevt.鼓励12.dangern.危险→endangervt.危及，使遭受危险；(二)其它1.identityn.身份；特性→identifyvt.确定；辨别2.classn.等级，类别→classifyvt.将……分类3.simpleadj.简单的→simplifyvt.简化单词词形变化拼写规则总结一．名词的复数，动词的一般现在时第三人称单数1.直接加-s。2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的加-es。actressbossbusbusinessclassdressglassaddresschesscompasscampusboxpencil-boxmail-boxpost-boxletter-foxtax(ox→oxen)ashbrushtoothbrushbushcashdishfishwishapproachbeachbranchbunchchurchcoachinchlunchmatchpeachsandwich19

15speechsearchswitchwatcharchbenchresearch3.以f,fe结尾的变f,fe为ves。knife→kniveslife→liveshalf→halvesleaf→leaveswife→wiveswolf→wolvesshelf→shelvesthief→thievesbookshelf→bookshelvesloaf→loaveschef→chefsroof→roofsscarf→scarfs/scarves4.以字母y结尾的。(1)以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i再加-es(加-ed/-er/-est的规则一致)。●名词如：baby→babies;city→citiesactivitybodyboundarycandycenturyceremonycomedycompanycountrydiarydictionarydiscoverydutyenemyfactoryfamilyhobbyinjurylaboratoryladylibrarymemorypartypennypolicypossibilityquantityspystorysummaryvarietyvictoryauthoritybiographycategory●动词如：carry→carries,carried,carried;cry→cries,cried,criedaccompanyapplybetrayburycopyfryhurrymarryrelyreplysatisfystudysupplyterrifytidytryworryimplymultiplysimplifyfly→flies,flew,flown●形容词如：busy→busier,busiest;easy→easier,easiestangrycloudycrazydirtydizzydrydustyearlyhappyhealthyheavyhungrylazyluckynoisyprettytidyuglywealthycosy(2)以元音字母加y结尾的，直接加-s,-ed,-er,-est●名词如：day→days;way→waysdayessayholidayplayrelaywaybayclayhayraysidewayjourneyjoykeymonkeyvalleyalleychimneyturkeyboyjoytoydelay●规则动词如：delay→delays,delayed,delayed;playdelaypraystayobeyannoydestroyemployenjoybetrayconveyspray●不规则动词pay→pays,paid,paid;lay→lays,laid,laid;buy→buys,bought,bought;say→says,said,said5.以字母o结尾的加-s或-es。hero→heroes;potato→potatoes;tomato→tomatoes;volcano→volcanoes;mosquito→mosquitoes/mosquito;motto→mottoes/mottos;do→does;go→goesbamboo→bamboos;kangaroo→kangaroos;kilo→kilos;photo→photos;piano→pianos;radio→radios;studio→studios;tobacco→tobaccos;video→videos;zoo→19

16zoos二．动词的-ing形式1.直接加-ed。2.以不发音的字母e结尾的，直接加-ing。3.以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing。三．规则动词的过去式、过去分词1.直接加-ed。2.以不发音的字母e结尾的，直接加-d。3.以重读闭音节结尾，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写末尾辅音字母再加-ed。4.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i再加-ed。四．以字母e结尾的词●以字母e结尾的规则动词如：close→closing,closed,closed;face→facing,faced,facedaccuseacheachieveadmireadoreadvanceadvertiseadviseadvocateamazeamuseanalyzeannounceapologizeappreciateapprovearguearrangearriveassociatebakebathebehavebelieveblamebouncebrakebreathecarecausechangechargechokeclosecombinecomparecompetecompletecompromiseconcentrateconcludeconfusecongratulateconsumecontinuecontributeconvincecreatecurecycledebatedecidedeclaredeclinedecoratedecreasedescribedeservedesiredeterminedevotedislikedistributedivedivideeducateencourageenlargeescapeexamineexchangeexciteexcuseexplodeexplorefacefadefigurefireforceforgiveglanceglareguidehandlehatehesitatehirehopeignoreimagineimproveincludeincreaseindicateinfluenceinjureinspireinsureintroduceinvitejokejudgelikelivelovemanagemeasurememorizemovenamenoticeobserveoperateopposeoweparticipatepausepersuadeplacepleasepollutepraisepreparepreserveproducepromisepromotepronounceproveprovidepurchasepuzzleraceraiserealise/realizereceivereciterecognise/recognizerecyclereducerefuserelateremovereplacerequirerescueresemblereserveretiresacrificesavescarescoreseizesenseseparateservesettleshapeshareshaveskatesmilesmokesparestarestarvestorestrugglesupposesurprisesurvivetasteteasetelephonetiretoleratetradetranslatetrembletypeunderlineundertakedie→dying,died,died;tie→tying,tied,tiedlie→lying,lied,lied（撒谎）/lay,lain（躺；位于）；lay→laying,laid,laid放置；下（蛋）19

17●以字母e结尾的不规则动词：arise→arising,arose,arisenbecome→becoming,became,becomebite→biting,bit,bittenchoose→choosing,chose,chosencome→coming,came,comedrive→driving,drove,drivenfreeze→freezing,froze,frozengive→giving,gave,givenhave→having,had,hadhide→hiding,hid,hiddenleave→leaving,left,leftlose→losing,lost,lostmake→making,made,madeovercome→overcoming,overcame,overcameride→riding,rode,roderise→rising,rose,risenshake→shaking,shook,shakenshine→shining,shone,shonestrike→striking,struck,struck/strickentake→taking,took,takenwrite→writing,wrote,written●注意下面动词的变化：agree→agreeing,agreed,agreed;disagree→disagreeing,disagreed,disagreed;guarantee→guaranteeing,guaranteed,guaranteed;see→seeing,saw,seen;flee→fleeing,fled,fled五．关于双写的问题双写末尾辅音字母的规则说明：一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，并且末尾音节必须重读。●1．单音节规则动词，如：chat→chatting,chatted,chattedbanbegchatclapdipdragdrophugmopnodpinplanplotridrobshipskipswaptiptrap●2．单音节不规则动词，如：quit→quitting,quit,quitbiddigfitgetletputquitrotrunsetshutsitspitsplit●3．双音节规则动词，如：admit→admitting,admitted,admittedadmitcommitcontrolequipinferoccurpreferreferregret●4．双音节不规则动词begin→beginning,began,begun;forbid→forbidding,forbade,forbidden;forget→forgetting,forgot,forgot●5．注意比较下面动词，如：suffer→suffering,suffered,sufferedcoverdeliverdifferdiscoverentergatherofferorderrecoverremembersufferwaterlittermastermurderregisterwhisperbenefitlimitprohibittargetdevelopcancelfastenfrightenhappenlistenreasonripensharpenstrengthen19

18●6．单音节规则动词，如：add→adding,added,added;cheat→cheating,cheated,cheatedactaddaimbarkblockboilboombowbrushcallcalmcampcheatcheckcheerchewcleanclickclimbcombcoughcountcrosscrowddrillendfailfetchfillfinishfishfloatflowfoldfoundgaingraspgreetguesshatchheadhelphostjoinkickkilllastlaughleakliftlinklocklongmarchmatchmilkmissownparkpartpasspickplantpointpostprintpumppullpushrainrankreachrentrestriskroastrockrollrowruinrushsailscoldscratchscreamsearchseemsewshockshoutsniffsortsoundstartsticksuittendthankthunderticktoasttouchtraintreattrooptrucktrustturntwistwaitwashwatchweighwishwoundyawnyellfixmixsnow●7．单音节不规则动词，如：keep→keeping,kept,kept;drink→drinking,drank,drankbearbeatbendbleedbringbuildburncastcatchcostdrinkfeedfightfindhanghearhurtkeepleadlendlightmeetreadringseeksellsendsingsinksleepspeakspeedspendspreadstandsweepswellswingteachtearwearweepwindblowdrawgrowknowshowthrow●8．双音节规则动词，如：affect→affecting,affected,affectedabsorbacceptadjustadoptaffectaffordappealappearapproacharrestastonishattachattackattainattemptattendattractavoidbargainbelongbroadcastcollectcomfortconductconfirmconnectconsiderconsistconstructconsultcontaincontrodictcorrectcorresponddefeatdefenddemanddependdesertdesigndisppeardisappointdiscussdismissdistinguishdisturbelectembarrassequaleruptexistexpandexpectexplainexpressfollowfunctiongovernhonourimportimpressinforminsertinsistinspectintendinterruptinterviewinventobtainoverlookperformpolishpossesspredictpresentpretendpreventpreviewprocessprotectpublishpunishquestionreactrecommendreflectreformrefreshregardrelaxremainremarkremindrepeatrepresentresignresistrespectrespondrestrictreturnreviewselectsucceedsuggestsupportsurroundtransformunfoldwitness●9．双音节不规则动词，如：understand→understanding,understood,understoodrebuildretellrewindunderstandwithdraw19