DB43∕T 2396-2022 辣椒基质栽培技术规程(湖南省)

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ICS67.080CCSB3143湖南省地方标准DB43/T2396—2022辣椒基质栽培技术规程Technicalregulationsformediumcultivationofchilipepperproduction2022-07-08发布2022-10-08实施湖南省市场监督管理局发布

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2DB43/T2396—2022目次前言························································································································Ⅲ1范围·····················································································································12规范性引用文件······································································································13术语和定义············································································································14产地环境···············································································································15栽培设施···············································································································16育苗·····················································································································27施基肥··················································································································28定植·····················································································································29田间管理···············································································································210采收····················································································································311田园清洁··············································································································312档案管理··············································································································4附录A（资料性）辣椒基质栽培主要病虫害防治药剂及施用方法·······································5附录B（资料性）辣椒基质栽培田间生产档案·································································6I

3DB43/T2396—2022II

4DB43/T2396—2022前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位：湖南省蔬菜研究所、湖南农业大学、郴州市农业科学研究所、怀化市农业农村局、湖南军杰食品科技有限公司本文件主要起草人：杨莎、陈文婷、邓玉萍、彭妙、张竹青、陈文超、梁成亮、范亮亮、李雪峰、李鑫、周书栋。III

5DB43/T2396—2022IV

6DB43/T2396—2022辣椒基质栽培技术规程1范围本文件规定了辣椒基质栽培、设施选择、基质准备、品种选择、育苗、定植、田间管理、采收、田园清洁和档案管理的基本要求。本文件适用于湖南省辣椒基质栽培。2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。GB/T8321.10农药合理使用准则GB16715.3瓜菜作物种子第3部分：茄果类NY/T391绿色食品产地环境质量NY/T394绿色食品肥料使用准则NY/T2312茄果类蔬菜穴盘育苗技术规程3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1基质栽培Mediumcultivation固体基质栽培植物的简称。用固体基质（介质）固定植物根系，并通过基质吸收营养液和氧的一种无土栽培方式。4产地环境环境条件应符合NY/T391的规定。5栽培设施5.1栽培棚栽培设施应选择连栋温室、塑料大棚。5.2栽培槽在大棚内开深30cm，宽70cm的栽培槽，长度依设施大棚长度而定，槽间距85cm，可地上或半1

7DB43/T2396—2022地上式。栽培槽可用砖块建造，南北向排列。在槽底铺设黑色无纺布，槽内加基质高度到离槽上沿约2cm。5.3栽培基质选用商品性栽培基质或选用草炭、菌渣、秸秆等按一定配比，堆制、发酵再与蛭石、珍珠岩配比合成。基质配比可选用（1）蛭石∶珍珠岩∶草炭=3∶2∶5；（2）菌渣∶蛭石=1∶1。新基质在使用前用光谱性杀菌剂多菌灵或百菌清600～800倍液进行均匀喷雾，每茬作物收获后，进行高温闷棚基质消毒。5.4滴灌设施灌溉用聚乙烯多孔喷灌管，每槽安装滴灌2根，规格为2.0cm。在基肥施加后，置于栽培基质表面，两根喷灌管间距40cm左右，每个喷灌管前段安装阀门控制水量。6育苗6.1品种选择辣椒应选择耐低温弱光、连续坐果能力强，株型紧凑，商品性好的品种。6.2种子质量种子质量应符合GB16715.3的规定。6.3播种时间播种时间以10月中下旬为宜。6.4育苗方式育苗方式按照NY/T2312执行。7施基肥定植前每亩撒施充分腐熟有机肥2000kg，与基质混匀。定植前一天使基质浇透水，肥料使用NY/T394要求。8定植于2月中旬，选择生长健壮、无病虫害的幼苗。真叶5片～7片，叶片肥厚绿色。幼苗定植于两条微喷带外侧，每槽双行，株距45cm左右，及时浇定根水。9田间管理9.1温湿度管理定植后至缓苗期，白天温度控制在25℃～30℃，夜间15℃以上，低于此温度加盖小拱棚增温。缓苗结束至开花结果期白天温度控制在20℃～28℃，夜温为16℃～18℃，白天温度高于35℃时2

8DB43/T2396—2022加盖遮阳网和卷起侧膜通风降温。空气相对湿度控制在75％以下。9.2肥水管理定植后5d～7d开始浇水，每5d～7d浇水1次，每次15min～20min，在晴天上午浇水，阴天不浇水。开花前保持基质湿度在60％左右，坐果后保持基质湿度在70％左右。根据植株生长势，在植株坐果初期和盛果期追肥，每次每亩施用10kg～15kg水溶性肥料，追肥时先将肥料溶解，随滴灌施入。每次采摘后，叶面施加0.2％硼肥和0.2％的磷酸二氢钾。9.3植株调整摘除门椒以下的腋芽，株高40cm～45cm时进行整枝吊蔓，及时摘除老叶和病叶，保持植株良好的通风透光条件。9.4保花留果摘除门椒，选用外源微肥和生长调节剂（初花期喷施硼肥和保花美果剂等）处理。尽早摘除病果、畸形果。9.5病虫害防治9.5.1主要病虫害辣椒基质栽培主要的病害有灰霉病、疫病、病毒病和青枯病。虫害有蚜虫、白粉虱和烟青虫。9.5.2防治方法9.5.2.1物理防治棚通风口加装40目～60目防虫网，棚内加挂黄板诱杀，连栋大棚可以安装杀虫灯。9.5.2.2农业防治选用抗病优良品种，实行轮作；加强田间管理，合理灌溉，清洁田园，减轻病虫害的发生与危害；增施有机肥。9.5.2.3生物防治保护并利用天敌防治虫害。如利用瓢虫等天敌防治蚜虫。9.5.2.3化学防治主要病虫害化学防治方法见附录A，农药使用及安全间隔期按照GB/T8321的规定执行。10采收于5月上旬开始采收，采收标准根据市场需求。11田园清洁采果结束后，地膜、残株等进行无害化处理。3

9DB43/T2396—202212档案管理生产档案管理表参见附录B。档案保管3年以上，做到防虫、防潮、防霉。4

10DB43/T2396—2022附录A（资料性）辣椒基质栽培主要病虫害防治药剂及施用方法表A.1辣椒基质栽培主要病虫害化学防治方法最多使用病虫害名称防治方法安全间隔期次数1．50％腐霉利可湿粉剂（速克灵）；2．70％甲基硫菌灵；灰霉病7天2次3．50％异菌脲可湿性粉剂（扑海因）；4．50％福美双可湿性粉剂500～800倍液。1．3.95％辛菌·吗啉胍水剂（病毒必克）500倍液+0.15％芸苔素5000倍液；2．2％菌克毒克（宁南霉素）水剂250～300倍液+三十烷醇粉剂500病毒病7天4次倍液；3．新植霉素2000倍液；4．1.5％植病灵乳剂1000倍液。1．发病初期喷药防治可选用50％烯酰氯吗800倍液；2．72％克露可湿性粉剂600倍液；疫病3．72.2％普力克水剂600～800倍液；7天3次4．50％安克水分散粒剂2000倍液；5．53％金雷多米尔水分散粒剂600～800倍液喷雾。1．病穴用20％石灰水液浇灌消毒；2．50％绿乳铜乳油500倍液；青枯病3．14％络氨铜水剂300倍液；10天3次4．30％甲霜·噁霉灵水剂500倍液喷雾；5．77％氢氧化铜可湿性粉剂（可杀得三千）500倍液。1．10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂（大功臣）1000倍液；蚜虫2．50％抗蚜威可湿性粉剂1000倍液；10天3次3．10％溴氰虫酰胺悬乳剂（倍内威）。1．2％吡虫啉稀释2倍拌种；白粉虱2．10％吡虫啉乳油1000～2000倍液喷雾；7天3次3．2％啶虫脒稀释300倍喷施。1．90％敌百虫结晶800～1000倍液；或50％辛硫磷乳油1000倍液；烟青虫7天3次2．5％氟啶脲乳油（抑太保）2000倍液等喷雾防治。5

11DB43/T2396—2022附录B（资料性）辣椒基质栽培田间生产档案表B.1辣椒基质栽培田间生产记录表年份：地点：品种：记录人：一、基本情况种植面积播种时间定植时间始花时间始收时间终收时间二、肥料使用使用时间肥料名称类型使用范围使用方法使用量登记证号三、农药使用使用时间农药名称剂型使用目的使用方法使用量登记证号6