DB43∕T 2338-2022 花椰菜漂浮育苗技术规程(湖南省)

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ICS67.080CCSB3143湖南省地方标准DB43/T2338—2022花椰菜漂浮育苗技术规程Technicalregulationforfloatingseedlingsofcauliflower2022-05-06发布2022-08-06实施湖南省市场监督管理局发布

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2DB43/T2338—2022目次前言························································································································Ⅲ1范围·····················································································································12规范性引用文件······································································································13术语和定义············································································································14育苗场建设············································································································15消毒·····················································································································26播种前准备············································································································27播种·····················································································································38入池·····················································································································39苗期管理···············································································································310病虫害防治···········································································································411档案记录··············································································································4附录A（资料性）花椰菜苗期主要病虫害防治药剂与方法··················································5附录B（资料性）档案记录·························································································6I

3DB43/T2338—2022II

4DB43/T2338—2022前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分：标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。本文件由湖南省农业农村标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位：湖南农业大学、怀化市农业农村局。本文件主要起草人：王军伟、黄科、吴秋云、彭妙。III

5DB43/T2338—2022IV

6DB43/T2338—2022花椰菜漂浮育苗技术规程1范围本文件规定了花椰菜漂浮育苗的术语和定义、育苗场建设、消毒、播种前准备、播种、入池、苗期管理、病虫害防治、档案记录等内容。本文件适用于花椰菜漂浮育苗。2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。GB16715.4瓜菜作物种子甘蓝类NY/T2118蔬菜育苗基质NY/T2442蔬菜集约化育苗场建设标准3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1漂浮育苗Floating-seedlingsystem将装有轻质育苗基质的泡沫盘漂浮于水床上，种子播于基质中，秧苗在育苗基质中扎根生长，并能从基质和水床中吸收水分和养分的育苗法。4育苗场建设4.1基本要求育苗场的选址与建设、工艺与设备、建筑与建设用地、配套工程、植物检疫与环境保护等应符合NY/T2442的要求。4.2育苗池建造4.2.1建池用砖等垒成深20cm～25cm，宽30cm～50cm的池埂，底部平整抄平拍实，保证池底水平。池与池之间设立50cm～60cm过道。漂浮池宽一般2.3m、池长根据棚长和育苗数量灵活掌握。4.2.2覆膜育苗池底部和四周铺设黑色防渗塑料薄膜（0.15mm～0.20mm），薄膜的边缘需盖在苗床边梗上，1

7DB43/T2338—2022用胶布粘牢，以防渗漏。于播种前7d灌水，并检查是否有漏水发生。5消毒5.1棚室消毒可采取以下三种方式：a）高温闷棚夏季连续高温晴天时，连续密闭大棚15d。222b）药剂熏蒸用烟雾剂（40％百菌清1g/m+10％异丙威2g/m+10％腐霉利0.5g/m），分4～5个点由棚室里侧向外依次点燃，密闭消毒48h后，打开棚室通风，气味散尽后使用。c）药剂喷雾采用50％氯溴异氰尿酸可溶性粉剂600倍液+高锰酸钾散剂500倍液+1.8％阿维菌素乳油3000倍液或10％高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油1500倍液按先后顺序分别喷施，对大棚育苗池和地面进行消毒。5.2漂浮盘消毒重复使用的漂浮盘用高锰酸钾散剂1000倍液浸泡10min，清水冲洗、晾干后备用。5.3基质消毒31m基质中加入30％多•福WP80g～100g，用塑料薄膜密封7d、散尽气味后使用。6播种前准备6.1品种选择应选择市场需求大、抗病、耐逆、丰产、耐贮运、商品性好的品种。6.2育苗设施选择根据不同育苗季节选用连栋温室、塑料大棚、避雨棚等。冬春季育苗棚内可架设中棚、小拱棚，结合多层薄膜覆盖保温。夏秋季育苗可覆盖遮阳网（遮光率65％～75％）降温，四周可将薄膜更换为防虫网。6.3漂浮盘选择宜选择96孔或120孔漂浮盘。6.4基质准备6.4.1育苗基质宜选用商品育苗基质，或采用草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩按体积比3∶1∶1自行配制。基质质量应符合NY/T2118的要求。6.4.2基质装盘用75％的百菌清可湿性粉剂600倍液对基质进行喷水，搅拌均匀，基质含水量达60％左右装盘。将基质均匀倒入育苗盘内，刮平苗盘表面，轻墩苗盘，压孔板打孔，待播。2

8DB43/T2338—20226.5营养液配制配制营养液的肥料宜选用水溶性专用育苗肥，N∶P2O5∶K2O比例为15∶8∶18；也可自行配制，自行配制时选用三元复合肥（氮磷钾比例为15∶15∶15），浓度一般为1.5‰～2.0‰。7播种采用人工或机械播种，每穴1粒，覆盖不超过0.5cm厚的基质。种子质量应符合GB16715.4的要求。8入池将播种后的漂浮盘放入育苗池中，保持漂浮盘底孔不堵塞，基质表面湿润色暗。9苗期管理9.1温度管理冬春季育苗应注意保温，出苗前维持在20℃～25℃，出苗后白天温度维持在20℃～25℃，晚上温度维持在13℃～18℃。夏秋季应注意通风降温，在棚内温度超过25℃应及时通风，高温时加盖遮阳网或结合喷水降温。9.2湿度管理控制棚内湿度85％以下。9.3营养液管理出苗后施入育苗专用肥，根据育苗时间及幼苗长势决定施肥量。齐苗前，营养液保持在5cm以上。齐苗后，逐步降低根际湿度，排放部分营养液。9.4基质盐渍化防控通过喷水淋溶或往育苗池注入清水，稀释营养液浓度。9.5蓝绿藻防控以水体遮光为主，育苗池与漂浮盘间不留空隙或用遮光材料覆盖空隙；盘面可喷施0.025％的硫酸铜溶液进行杀藻，还可在培养液中加入复合枯草芽孢杆菌、超浓缩芽孢杆菌、高酶净水素等菌剂进行净化除藻。9.6炼苗9.6.1炼苗时间冬春季移栽前3d～5d炼苗；夏秋季移栽前1d～2d炼苗。9.6.2炼苗方式可采取以下两种方式：3

9DB43/T2338—2022a）控水炼苗移栽前将池内水放干炼苗。b）变温炼苗根据天气情况，冬春季逐步揭膜炼苗，夏秋季揭遮阳网炼苗。9.7壮苗标准苗龄30d～35d，4～5片真叶。叶色浓绿，子叶完整，无病虫害，根系发达，基质成团，不散坨。10病虫害防治10.1主要病虫害主要病害：霜霉病、病毒病。主要虫害：黄曲条跳甲、小菜蛾、菜青虫、蚜虫。10.2防治方法10.2.1农业防治选用抗病优良品种，加强育苗池清洁管理，合理通风，有效控制温湿度。10.2.2物理防治安装频振式杀虫灯及悬挂黄板诱杀蚜虫等，黄板规格25cm×30cm，每亩悬挂30～40块；温室大棚通风口覆盖40目防虫网。10.2.3生物防治采用乙蒜素乳油、1.5％除虫菌素可湿性粉剂、0.5％苦参碱等生物农药进行防治，也可利用害虫天敌，如利用异色瓢虫和蚜茧蜂防治蚜虫，防治方法按附录A执行。10.2.4化学防治化学防治应符合GB/T8321和NY/T393的要求，防治方法按附录A执行。11档案记录对主要生产投入品进行如实记载，保存两年。记载内容参见档案记录B。4

10DB43/T2338—2022附录A（资料性）花椰菜苗期主要病虫害防治药剂与方法农药名称最多施安全间隔序号防治对象使用方法用次数（天）药剂含量及有效成分甲霜·霜霉威120g/亩～180g/亩喷雾3715％甲霜灵、10％霜霉威盐酸盐1霜霉病噁霜·锰锌（杀毒矾）200g/亩～250g/亩喷雾378％噁霉灵、56％代森锰锌2病毒病20％盐酸吗啉胍可溶粉剂250g/亩～450g/亩喷雾3710％溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂25ml/亩～30ml/亩喷雾373黄曲条跳甲30％氯虫·噻虫嗪悬浮剂25ml/亩～35ml/亩喷淋或灌根375％高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂12g/亩～18g/亩喷雾27小菜蛾410％溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂10ml/亩～15ml/亩喷雾27菜青虫30％茚虫威水分散粒剂5g/亩～9g/亩喷雾2710％吡虫啉悬浮剂15g/亩～20g/亩喷雾275蚜虫5％啶虫脒乳油16ml/亩～20ml/亩喷雾275

11DB43/T2338—2022附录B（资料性）档案记录表B.1投入品使用记录表地点面积品种序号品名种类来源使用日期（月、日）用量方法效果记录人123…B.2育苗过程记录表地点面积品种序号事项数量具体措施起止日期（月、日）负责人记录人123…6