DB43∕T 1963-2020 水稻根结线虫病综合防控技术规程(湖南省)

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ICS65.020CCSB16DB43湖南省地方标准DB43/T9163—2020水稻根结线虫病综合防控技术规程TechnicalRegulationforIntegratedControltoRiceRoot-knotnematodeDisease2020-12-29发布2021-03-29实施湖南省市场监督管理局发布

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2DB43/T1963—2020目次前言························································································································Ⅲ1范围·····················································································································12规范性引用文件······································································································13术语与定义············································································································13.1防治指标Controlthreshold············································································13.2抗病品种Resistantvarieties·········································································13.3耐病品种Tolerantvarieties···········································································13.4水稻根结线虫Riceroot-knotnematode·····························································13.5种子处理Seedstreatment···············································································24防控原则···············································································································25防控措施···············································································································25.1农业防控技术···································································································25.2物理防控技术···································································································25.3生物防控技术···································································································25.4化学防控技术···································································································26病害检测与监测······································································································27废弃物处理············································································································38档案管理···············································································································3附录A（资料性）水稻根结线虫病田间症状······································································4附录B（资料性）水稻根结线虫病调查方法······································································5附录C（资料性）水稻根结线虫防治记录表格···································································6I

3DB43/T1963—2020II

4DB43/T1963—2020前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020给出的规则起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别这些专利的责任。本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位：湖南省植物保护研究所。本文件主要起草人：成飞雪、王东伟、刘勇、张德咏、王剑、朱春晖、程菊娥、孙书娥。III

5DB43/T1963—2020IV

6DB43/T1963—2020水稻根结线虫病综合防控技术规程1范围本文件规定了水稻根结线虫病（riceroot-knotnematodedisease）的术语和定义、防治原则、防治措施、病害检测与监测、废弃物处理以及档案管理等技术要求。本文件适用于水稻与旱稻上由拟禾本科根结线虫（Meloidogynegraminicola）、稻根结线虫（M.oryzae）、南方根结线虫（M.incognita）等侵染引起的水稻根结线虫病的综合防控。2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中，注日期的引用文件，仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本文件。GB/T8321农药合理使用准则GB/T17980.38农药田间药效试验准则（一）杀线虫剂防治根部线虫病3术语与定义3.1防治指标Controlthreshold病原线虫群体增加到造成水稻产量显著损失而必须进行防治时的群体密度临界值，一般用每百克土壤中线虫的卵或幼虫的群体密度来表示。3.2抗病品种Resistantvarieties对某一种或几种病原线虫具有抵御入侵的特征和能力的水稻品种。3.3耐病品种Tolerantvarieties水稻在受到病原线虫侵染后，虽表现出一定的病害症状，但对产量和品质不产生严重影响的水稻品种。3.4水稻根结线虫Riceroot-knotnematode为害水稻、旱稻等作物的内寄生线虫。属于动物界（Animalia）、线虫门（Nematoda）、侧尾腺纲（Secernentea）、垫刃目（Tylenchida）、异皮科（Heteroderidae）、根结线虫属（Meloidogyne）。主要有拟禾本科根结线虫（Meloidogynegraminicola）、稻根结线虫（M.oryza）、南方根结线虫（M.incognita）、萨拉斯根结线虫（M.salasi）、海南根结线虫（M.hainanensis）等10多种植物寄生线虫。其中以拟禾本科根结线虫引起的水稻根结线虫病危害损失最为严重，具体危害特征参见附录A。1

7DB43/T1963—20203.5种子处理Seedstreatment播种前采用物理、化学或生物措施对种子进行处理的方法，包括精选、晒种、浸种、拌种、催芽等。目的是促使种子发芽快而整齐、幼苗生长健壮及预防病虫害等。4防控原则按照“预防为主，综合防控”的植保方针。坚持以“农业防治、物理防治、生物防治为主，化学防治为辅，分区治理”的防控原则，将病原线虫的种群密度控制在经济受害允许水平之下，以获得最佳的经济、生态和社会效益。5防控措施5.1农业防控技术在水稻根结线虫易发病区，应采用如下措施进行防控：5.1.1选择抗（耐）病主栽品种，如C两优4418等。5.1.2直播田苗期根据苗高，保持田间水位（1cm～4cm）。5.1.3及时清除田间杂草及稻桩，田外集中销毁。5.1.4进行水旱轮作，可与甘薯、马铃薯、玉米、苎麻等作物进行轮作。5.1.5宜采用育苗移栽种植，选择没有水稻根结线虫分布的田块集中育苗。病区秧苗不应外运。5.2物理防控技术对水稻根结线虫病发病田块，在一季稻或晚稻收割后进行深耕与灌水，保持4cm～6cm以上水深至第二年水稻种植前。5.3生物防控技术25.3.1直播稻可用1.8％阿维菌素乳油50ml～100ml/667m，兑土拌匀撒施，覆土混匀后播种；或2用2亿cfu/mL嗜硫小红卵菌微生物菌剂5000ml/667m进行苗期喷雾。25.3.2移栽稻在秧苗移栽前，可用1.8％阿维菌素乳油50ml～100ml/667m，兑水50kg进行灌根处理；或用1.8％阿维菌素乳油1000倍稀释液对秧苗进行浸根处理。5.4化学防控技术化学农药的选择和使用应符合GB/T8321、GB/T17980.38的要求。在水稻播种前，使用47.1％氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂按1∶30比例拌种或用10％噻唑膦颗粒剂1.5kg～22kg/667m进行土壤处理；2苗期可用41.7％氟吡菌酰胺悬浮剂80ml～100mL/667m喷洒或兑土15kg～30kg拌成毒土撒施（保持田间浅水层）。6病害检测与监测加强水稻根结线虫病的检测与监测，对病害进行早期诊断与预测预报。并根据发病情况及土壤中线2

8DB43/T1963—2020虫种群密度，选择合理的防治方法。定期对田间发病情况进行调查，并取田间土壤进行根结线虫病原检测，具体调查方法参见附录B。记录调查检测结果，具体记录表格参见附录C。对水稻种植区的土壤及联合收割机等作业农机具进行检查并及时处理，防止水稻根结线虫病原传入未发生的地区。7废弃物处理生产过程中的农药和肥料包装物、塑料软盘、农膜、杂草等生产废弃物，应及时收集到回收箱内，带离生产区集中进行无害化处理。8档案管理（1）建立防治档案，制订水稻根结线虫病发生与防控原始记录及结果记载表格。表格表头列入：编号、调查地点、品种名称、防治方法、防治效果；下注：调查人、调查日期、播种日期、施药日期。具体表格参见附录C。（2）加强档案管理，注意防虫、放鼠、防霉变等。（3）档案记录应真实准确，保存期限不少于3年。3

9DB43/T1963—2020附录A（资料性）水稻根结线虫病田间症状拟禾本科根结线虫侵染水稻后，可导致水稻生长受阻。苗期受害，苗纤细、黄化，发根迟，生长衰弱，死苗多（图1A）；分蘖期受害，叶片黄化，植株矮小，分蘖减少，重病株不能抽穗，轻病株则表现早熟，穗短，粒少，瘪谷多。地下部主要症状为受害水稻根系粗短，在根尖形成大量呈钩状根结，侧根明显增多，侧根根结严重。根结初为白色，质地柔软，后变为淡黄、棕黄甚至深褐色（图1B）。染色后根结内根结线虫明显（图1C）。图1拟禾本科根结线虫侵染危害症状（A为地上部分症状、B为地下部分症状，C为染色后根内从形成的巨型细胞取食的根结线虫）4

10DB43/T1963—2020附录B（资料性）水稻根结线虫病调查方法1调查时间水稻播种翻地前或水稻收割后取土样，调查水稻根结线虫幼虫数量，苗期与分蘖期调查根结指数。2调查方法2.1土壤中幼虫数量调查在水稻播种翻地前以及水稻收割后，选择有代表性的田块，利用土壤取样器，采用“Z”形五点取样法，选取5个点，取土壤深度为5cm～20cm土壤样品200g～300g，将土壤样品在室内风干2周～3周后，采用贝氏漏斗法分离100g细土中的J2，在显微镜下计算幼虫数量。2.2根结指数调查在水稻苗期与分蘖期，选择有代表性的田块，采用“Z”形随机多点取样，每个样点挖取10株水稻的全部根系，逐根肉眼调查根系上的根结数量，计算根结指数。2.3发病程度分级标准采用0～10级的分级标准（Zeck，1971）进行根结分级，0级：健康，无根结；1级：根结小且数量极少，不易观察；2级：根结小，根结数量稍多，易观察；3级：根结小，数量较多且盘绕，根系功能未受影响；4级：根结数量较多，有较大根结，大部分根系功能健康；5级：25％～49％的根系上有根结，小部分根系功能未受影响；6级：50％～74％的根系上有根结，根系正常功能受到影响；7级：75％以上根系有根结，失去根系功能；8级：无健康根系，植株仍存活；9级：整个根系出现腐烂，植株趋于死亡；10级：植株死亡。3防治效果计算方法根结指数=∑（各级病株数×相应级数值）/（调查总株数×最高级代表值）×100；防治效果=（1-处理组根结指数/对照组根结指数）×100％。土壤中2龄幼虫减退率=（1-处理组2龄幼虫数/对照组2龄幼虫数）×100％。5

11DB43/T1963—2020附录C（资料性）（水稻根结线虫防治记录表格）（水稻根结线虫种群密度调查记载表见表C.1，水稻根结线虫病防治记载表见表C.2）表C.1水稻根结线虫种群密度调查记载表二龄幼虫数量（条/100g土壤）平均编号调查地点品种名称区号发生程度(条/100g土壤）12345播种日期线虫种类调查日期调查人员6

12DB43/T1963—2020表C.2水稻根结线虫病防治记载表防治效果(根结指数）编号调查地点品种名称防治方法发生程度12345678910平均调查日期播种日期施药日期调查人7