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北京市朝阳区2022~2023学年度高三第一学期期末质量检测英语试卷本试卷共10页。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Earlyinmyteachingcareer,Iheardcountlessmake-believestoriesforunfinishedhomework.ThenIgrewlesstrustingandquitted___1___anyexcuse.Whenthestudentsatmynewschooldidn’tfinishhomework,Ineveraskedwhy.Instead,Ijustsighedloudlyandrecordedazerointhegradebook.Isoongainedthe___2___IthoughtIwanted.Oneday,Anthonyapproachedme.“CouldItalktoyou?”heasked___3___.“Iknowyousaidnoexcuse,butIdon’twantyoutothinkI’m___4___becauseIoftencomewithoutmyhomework.”Hethenlookedupatmeforthefirsttime.“It’sjustthat...mydadmovedout,andmymomworksatnight,soIhavetolookaftermylittlebrothers.Often,theycryalot,andit’shardformeto___5___...”Iwasabouttoaskwhyhedidn’ttellmeearlierwhenIsuddenlyrealizedwhy.SoIchangedthe___6___.“Wouldithelpifyoustayedafterschoolandworkedonitbeforeyougohome?”Henoddedhard.Anthonybecamethefirststudentinmyafter-schoolstudysession.Severaldayslater,Terrelljoinedhim,followedbySandyandRandy.Beforelong,Ihadaroomfullofstudents.Theirstorieswerenotamusing,butallvery___7___:·Thepowercompany___8___ourlightsbecausewecouldn’tpaythebill.·Mydadsaysschoolworkisjustawasteoftime.·Wedon’thaveanypaperinthehouse.Ithusdiscoverednotallkidscomefromfamiliesthatare___9___.Notallkidshaveaquietbedroomwithadeskandstudylight.Somedon’tevenhavehome.Mostimportantly,Ilearnedthat“I’lllisten”_____10_____betterthan“Noexcuse!”1.A.inventingB.findingC.acceptingD.offering2.A.reputationB.benefitC.experienceD.praise3.A.loudlyB.shylyC.curiouslyD.eagerly4.A.poorB.meanC.lazyD.weak
5.A.behaveB.concentrateC.struggleD.compete6.A.questionB.tuneC.processD.thought7.A.complexB.movingC.coolD.real8.A.brokedownB.putoutC.cutoffD.shutout9.A.disciplinedB.peacefulC.traditionalD.supportive10.A.worksB.feelsC.understandsD.controls第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。EdwardO.Wilson,the“modern-dayCharlesDarwin”,damagedhisrighteyewhenhe____11____(catch)afishintherivernearhishomeatseven.Thepooreyesightonlyallowedhimtoobservesmall____12____(creature)likeants.Interestedintheselflessnessofants,whichwouldsacrificethemselvesfortheircolony(群体),Wilsondevelopedatheory,____13____(confirm)theexistenceofaltruistic(利他的)behaviorinawiderangeofspecies.Itmadehiminfluentialasbothacloseobserverandapioneeringtheorist.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Researchontherelationshipbetweengratitude(感恩)andphysicalhealthisstillexploring.Theevidenceofexistingstudies____14____(suggest)thattheremaybeaconnection.Itappearsthatmoregratefulpeoplereportsleepingbetterandfeeling____15____(healthy).Besides,gratitudemayleadpeopletoengageinbehaviorsthathelpkeepthemhealthy,likenotsmoking.Nowresearchersstillneedtomakeitclear____16____gratitudeissogoodforourhealth.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。OnOctober12thShenzhou-14crewmembersgavealiveclasstothestudentsonEarth.Duringtheclass,thecrewshowedthestudentsascienceglove-box,____17____theplantsexperimentsareperformed.Then,theastronautshadreal-timeinteractionswithstudents____18____videocallsandtheyansweredstudents’questionslike“Whatkindsofplants____19____(bring)tospaceinfuturespaceflights?”Attheendoftheclass,thecrewsaid,“Weexpectyouguys____20____(build)ourspacehomebetterinthefuture.”
第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWithmanyChickenSoupfortheSoulbooksindevelopment,wearealwayslookingfornewtalent.Sowhetheryouarearegularcontributorornewtoourfamily,pleaseshareyourstorieswithus.Hereistherecipeforsubmission.StoryGuidelines·Tellaheartwarmingstoryaboutsomethingthathashappenedtoyouorsomeoneyouknow.·Thestoryshouldstart“intheaction”anddrawinthereader.Donotstartyourstorywithanintroductionaboutwhatyouaregoingtosay.·Don’ttryfancymoveswithtenses.Writinginthepresenttenseaboutsomethingthathappenedinthepastrarelyworks.·Keepyourstorywithin1200words.Tighten!TipsaboutsubmittingTheonlywaytosubmityourstoriesistodoitonourwebsite.Amessage,“Thankyou!Yourinformationhasbeenreceived”,istheonlyconfirmationofyoursubmission.Thereisnoemailfromus.Ifyouhaveanyproblems,pleasewriteto:webmaster@chickensoupforthesoul.com.Therearemanytopicsineachofourbooks.Ifyouhaveastorythatyouthinkfitstwoofthetopics,youmaysubmitittoboth.Also,thereisnolimittothenumberofstoriesyoumaysubmitforeachbook.AfterpublicationIfyourstoryisselectedtobepublished,youwillbeaskedtosignourstandardpermissionreleaseagreement.Thismeansthatyoumaintainownershipofyourstorybutyougiveustherightstopublishitanduseitagaininanyfuturebookorourotherproducts.Afteryourstoryispublished,youwillreceivetenfreecopiesofthebookyourstoryappearsin.Youwillbeentitledtobuycasesofyourbooksathalfprice.Youwillalsoreceiveourmonthlynewsletterwithadvancenoticeofnewbooks.21.WhatkindofstoryislikelytobeacceptedbyChickenSoupfortheSoul?AAstorywithanintroduction.B.Astoryofone’sownexperience.C.Astorywithmorethan1200words.D.Astorywritteninthepresenttense.22.Whatcanwelearnaboutstorysubmission?
A.Youcansubmityourstoriesbyemail.B.Astorycanjustbesubmittedtoonetopic.C.Youcansubmitmanystoriestothesamebook.D.Anemailwillbesentforasuccessfulsubmission.23.Ifyourstoryispublished,youwill________.A.loseitsofficialownershipB.obtainfuturebooksinadvanceC.getfreecasesofyourbooksD.approveofitsfuturepublicationBAsaPh.D.studentinanewcountry,lockdownandhomesicknesscombinedtoleavemefeelinglonelyanddesperatetomeetpeople.TofindtheconnectionsIwasmissing,IsearchedforopportunitiesthatwouldinvolveteamworkasavolunteerontheInternet.Apositionmatchinggraduatestudentswithjobsdrewmyattention.Itneededsomeonewhowouldleadteamsofgraduatestudentvolunteerstohelpbringinindustrypartners,andworkwiththeuniversityadministrationandstudentapplicants.Thechancestointeractwithallthesedifferentgroupswereappealing.Ihadnorelevantexperienceandworriedadisturbancetomystudy,butIstilldecidedImightaswellgoforitandapply.Thefirstfewweeksinmynewrolewerechallenging.Alongwithmyroutinestudy,Iwassuddenlymanagingateamoffourvolunteersandmeetingswithindustryprofessionals.Atfirst,Iwasnervousinmeetingswiththem,feelingIwasn’tpreparedenough.ButasIgainedexperience,theinteractionsbecametrulyenjoyableandrewarding.Sometimestheconversationswentbeyondregularbusinesstotouchoncareerpaths,personalchallenges,andmore.Ibegantoenjoythedailymixofactivities.Ialsolearnedaboutleadership.Atthestart,thingsseemedtogowelluntiloneofmyteammemberstoldmeIwasn’tincludingherfullyindecision-making.Iwasupset;didn’tshetrustmyleadership?ButafterIcalmeddown,Isawthatmaybeshehadapoint.SoIbegantoaskteammemberstoleadsomeofourmeetingsandencouragedthemtoexpresstheirviews.Thisnewapproachallowedustomeetourtargetswhilehelpingeveryonefeelmorecontentandconnected—ascolleagues,butalsoasfriends.Beyondbuildingrelationshipsandskills,thisexperienceexpandedmyhorizonsaboutmyownprofessionalfuture.BeforeIjoined,Ihadonlybeenexposedtoacademiccareerpaths,andIassumedthatwasmyfuture.NowI’verealizedIparticularlyenjoyfeelingpartofateamandaffectingthelivesofothers.AsIgetclosertocompletingmyPh.D.,I’mapproachingjobsearcheswithagoodideaofwhatIwant.24.Whatmadetheauthordecidetoapplyforthevolunteerwork?A.Therelevancetoherstudy.B.Thelongingforafamily.
C.Thedesireforsocialcontact.D.Thepreviousworkexperience.25.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor’svolunteerwork?A.Itdrivesherawayfromherstudy.B.Itteachesherhowtoconductbusiness.C.Itallowshertoadjustherattitudetolifeandcareer.D.Ithelpsheridentifytheprofessionalpaths.26.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthattheauthoris________.A.opentonewchallengesB.proudofacademicsuccessC.bravetoovercomeprejudiceD.demandingofgroupmembersCFinlandwasknownasaratherquietcountry.Since2008,theCountryBrandDelegation(国家品牌代表团)hasbeenlookingforanationalbrandthatwouldmakesomenoisetomarketthecountryasaworld-famoustouristdestination.In2010,theDelegationissueda“CountryBrandReport,”whichhighlightedahostofmarketablethemes,includingFinland’sfamouseducationalsystem.Onekeythemewasbrandnew:silence.Asthereportexplained,modernsocietyoftenseemsintolerablyloudandbusy.“Silenceisaresource,”itsaid.Silencefirstappearedinscientificresearchasacontrolorbaseline,againstwhichscientistscomparetheeffectsofnoiseormusic.Researchershavemainlystudieditbyaccident,asphysicianLucianoBernardididinhisstudyofthephysiological(生理学)effectsofmusic.“Wedidn’tthinkabouttheeffectofsilence,”hesaid.Bernardiobservedtwodozentestsubjectswhiletheylistenedtosixmusicaltracks.Hefoundthattheimpactsofmusiccouldbereaddirectlyinthebloodstream,viachangesinbloodpressure,carbondioxide,andcirculationinthebrain.“Duringalmostallsortsofmusic,therewasaphysiologicalchangewithaconditionofarousal(兴奋),”heexplained.Thiseffectmadesense,giventhatactivelisteningrequiresattention.Butthemorestrikingfindingappearedbetweenmusicaltracks.Bernardiandhiscolleaguesdiscoveredthatrandomlyaddedstretchesofsilencealsohadagreateffect,butintheoppositedirection.Infact,two-minutesilentpausesprovedfarmorerelaxingthaneither“relaxing”musicoralongersilenceplayedbeforetheexperimentstarted.TheblankpausesthatBernardihadconsideredirrelevant,inotherwords,becamethemostinterestingobjectofstudy.Silenceseemedtobeheightenedbycontrasts,maybebecauseitgavetestsubjectsareleasefromcarefulattention.“Perhapsthearousalissomethingthatconcentratesthemindinonedirection,sothatwhenthereisnothingmorearousing,thenyouhavedeeperrelaxation,”hesaid.Thisfindingisreinforcedbyneurological(神经系统的)research.Relevantresearchshowswhenourbrainsrestquietly,theyintegrateexternalandinternalinformationinto“aconscious(意识的)workspace.”Freedomfromnoiseandgoal-directedtasks,itappears,unitesthequietwithoutandwithin,allowingourconsciousworkspaceto
doitsthingtodiscoverwherewefitin.NooraVikman,aconsultantonsilenceforFinland’smarketers,knowssilencewell.LivinginaremoteandquietplaceinFinland,shediscoversthoughtsandfeelingsthataren’tdetectableinherbusydailylife.“Ifyouwanttoknowyourself,youhavetobewithyourself,anddiscusswithyourself,andbeabletotalkwithyourself.”27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheCountryBrandReportinParagraph1?A.TopresenthowFinlandviewedsilence.B.TohighlighttheneedofnoiseinFinland.C.ToexplainwhyFinlandissuedthebrands.D.ToindicatetheauthorityoftheDelegation.28.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLucianoBernardi’sdiscovery?A.Itchallengedthecalmingeffectofmusic.B.Itemphasizedtheroleofsilencebetweensounds.C.Itillustratedthelossofattentivenessaftersilence.D.Itstatedbrains’informationprocessinginthequiet.29.AsforNooraVikman’sattitudetosilence,theauthoris________.A.doubtfulB.supportiveC.disapprovingD.unconcerned30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Silence:ALimitedResourceB.Silence:AMisunderstoodToolC.Silence:TheUnexpectedPowerD.Silence:TheValuebyContrastsDAfewyearsagotheCityCouncilofMonza,Italy,barredpetownersfromkeepinggoldfishincurvedfishbowls.Thesponsorsofthemeasureexplainedthatitiscrueltokeepafishinsuchabowlbecausethecurvedsidesgivethefishadistortedviewofreality.Asidefromthemeasure’ssignificancetothepoorgoldfish,thestoryraisesaninterestingphilosophicalquestion:Howdoweknowthattherealityweperceiveistrue?Physicistsarefindingthemselvesinasimilartroubletothegoldfish’s.Fordecadestheyhavebeenpursuinganultimatetheoryofeverything—onecompleteandconsistentsetoffundamentallawsofnaturethatexplaineveryaspectofreality.Itnowappearsthatthispursuitmaygeneratenotasingletheorybutafamilyofinterconnected
theories,eachdescribingitsownversionofreality,asifitviewedtheuniversethroughitsownfishbowl.Thisconceptmaybedifficultformanypeopletoaccept.Mostpeoplebelievethatthereisanobjectiverealityoutthereandthatoursensesandoursciencedirectlyconvey(传达)informationaboutthematerialworld.Inphilosophy,thatbeliefiscalledrealism.Inphysics,realismisbecomingdifficulttodefend.Instead,theideaofalternativerealitiesisamainstayoftoday’spopularculture.Forexample,inthescience-fictionfilmTheMatrixthehumanraceisunknowinglylivinginasimulated(模拟的)virtualrealitycreatedbyintelligentcomputers.Howdoweknowwearenotjustcomputer-generatedcharacterslivinginaMatrix-likeworld?If—likeus—thebeingsinthesimulatedworldcouldnotobservetheiruniversefromtheoutside,theywouldhavenoreasontodoubttheirownpicturesofreality.Similarly,thegoldfish’sviewisnotthesameasoursfromoutsidetheircurvedbowl.Forinstance,becauselightbendsasittravelsfromairtowater,afreelymovingobjectthatwewouldobservetomoveinastraightlinewouldbeobservedbythegoldfishtomovealongacurvedpath.Thegoldfishcouldformscientificlawsfromtheirframe(框架)ofreferencethatwouldalwaysholdtrueandthatwouldenablethemtomakepredictionsaboutthefuturemotionofobjectsoutsidethebowl.Ifthegoldfishformedsuchatheory,wewouldhavetoadmitthegoldfish’sviewasareasonablepictureofreality.Thegoldfishexampleshowsthatthesamephysicalsituationcanbemodeledindifferentways,eachemployingdifferentfundamentalelementsandconcepts.Itmightbethattodescribetheuniversewehavetoemploydifferenttheoriesindifferentsituations.Itisnotthephysicist’straditionalexpectationforatheoryofnature,nordoesitcorrespondtooureverydayideaofreality.Butitmightbethewayoftheuniverse.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“distorted”inParagraphmostprobablymean?A.Original.B.Accurate.C.Distant.D.False.32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Theneedforacompletetheory.B.Thelastingconflictinphysics.C.Theexistenceofthematerialworld.D.Theconventionalinsightofreality.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Nature’smysteriesarebestleftundiscovered.B.Anexternalworldisindependentoftheobservers.C.People’stheoriesareinfluencedbytheirviewpoints.D.Itisessentialtofigureoutwhichpictureofrealityisbetter.34.Accordingtothepassagetheauthormayagreethat________.A.variousinterpretationsoftheuniversearewelcomed
B.physicistshaveafavoritecandidateforthefinaltheoryC.multiplerealitiescanbepiecedtogethertoshowtherealworldD.thereisstillpossibilitytounifydifferenttheoriesintoasingleone第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Anapologycanachievegreatthingsforboththegiversandthereceiversalthoughnobodylikestoadmitthattheywerewrong.Anapologyiscrucialtoourphysicalhealth.Whenweacknowledgethatwearewrongdoersandexpressourguilttoothers,wewillfreeourselvesfromtheuncomfortablestate.Thisactfeelslikeaweightonushasbeenlifted.____35____Researchshowedthatheartrate,sweatlevelsandfacialtensiondecreasedinvictimsofwrongsevenwhentheysimplyimaginedreceivinganapology.Apologizingaffectsusnotjustphysically,butalsomentally.____36____Whenpresentedwithanapology,thevictimsmayviewusasimperfecthumanbeingsandfinditeasiertogiveforgiveness.InapowerfulpieceinPsychologyToday,writerBeverlyEngeldescribedhowasimple“I’msorry”fromhermother,afterbeingestrangedfromeachotherforthreeyears,madeherrelievedemotionally.Butlet’sbereal,apologizingcanbedifficult.____37____Weshouldrecognizeouractiondidhurtsomeoneevenifourintentionmaynothavebeenso.Insteadofmakingexcusesforwhatwedid,trytobearresponsibilityandofferapromisetotakeactionsothatwewillnotrepeatthebehaviorinfuture.____38____Ofcourse,themosteffectiveapologiesoftenbringacosttoourdignity,sincewehavetoadmitthatwearewronginfrontofothersormanypeople.____39____Asisknown,itisoneofthemostpositiveactionswecantakewhenwedosomethingwrong—forourselves,theothers,andtherelationship.So,goahead,apologizealittlemoreoftenforthethingsworthapologizingfor.A.Thereareagreed-uponwaystoexpressourapologytoothers.B.It’sawayofshowingthepricewepaidforthewrongedaction.C.Agoodapologyaffectsthehealthofthoseonthereceivingend,too.D.Butthiscanoftenbeminorcomparedtothebenefitsofaproperapology.E.Thismeansweshouldtaketheblameandnottrytojustifyitorexplainitaway.F.Apologizeforwhatyoudidratherthanwhatotherpeoplemighthavethoughtaboutit.G.Ithastheabilitytodisarmothersoftheirangerandtopreventfurthermisunderstandings.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。Buildingrelationshipsandworkingsuccessfullywithdifferentculturalbackgroundscanseemlikeamajorchallenge.Butyoucanenjoytherewards,whilekeepingdissatisfactiontoaminimum.Thekeytomakingthemworkisculturalcompetence.Essentially,culturalcompetenceisdefinedastheabilitytounderstandandinteracteffectivelywithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Culturalcompetenceiscriticalforeveryoneintoday’smodernworld.Livingandworkinginaculturallydiverseenvironmentsometimescomeswithdifferencesofopinionandtension.Peoplewithstrongculturalcompetencecanresolvetheseissuescreatively,evenifasolutionseemsimpossibleatfirst.What’smore,thinkingandcaringaboutotherswithdifferentexperiencescanbringoutasenseofunderstanding.Thishelpstobuildtrustbetweeneachother.Culturalcompetencecanbeimprovedthroughtraining,education,andexperience.Herearesomesimpletipstohelpyouimproveyourculturalcompetence.AssessyourselfThestartingpointistounderstandyourownculturalvaluesandworldview.Assessthecurrentlevelofculturalcompetenceinyourselfandidentifytheknowledge,skillsandresourcesthatyouwanttoacquire.Thiscangiveyouanideaofyourstrengthsandweaknessesintheareasothatyoucanimproveyourselfinfuture.PracticegoodmannersNomatterwhomyouaredealingwith,makesurethatyouarerespectingothers’backgrounds,boundariesandcustoms.Paycloseattentiontoyourcommunicationandmakesurethatyou’respeakingtoothersinakindandpoliteway.AskquestionsWhenyoudon’tunderstandsomethingorwanttoknowwhysomeonehasbehavedinacertainway,simplyask.Askingquestionsstopsyoumakingunnecessaryassumptions,andshowsthequestionsyoudidnotunderstandtothem.Keepinmindthatdevelopingculturalcompetenceisnotaone-shotenterprise.Ittakestimeandpractice.Whetheryouareinaclassroomoroncampus,culturalcompetenceplaysanimportantroleinyourdailyenvironment.Recognizinganddealingwithculturaldifferenceswillcreateahappiersettingforeveryone.40Whatisculturalcompetenceaccordingtothepassage?_______________________________________________________________________________________________41.Whyisculturalcompetenceimportantforpeopleininterculturalenvironment?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.>Toimproveourculturalcompetence,weshouldnotonlyunderstandourstrengthsandweaknessesinthisarea,butalsoaskquestionswhenwedon’tunderstandothers’behaviors,evenifwemayspeakinanimpoliteway._______________________________________________________________________________________________43.Apartfromthetipsmentionedinthepassage,whatotherway(s)canyouthinkoftodevelopyourculturalcompetence?(Inabout40words)_______________________________________________________________________________________________第二节(20分)44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你班交换生Jim打算利用寒假在家锻炼身体，发来邮件向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：1.推荐一款APP和推荐理由；2.给出运动建议。注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearJim,__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua
