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1、科技英语中的被动语态摘要:科技人员在用英语说明情况或讨论问题时,习惯于多用能够体现客观性的无人称被动句。因此在科技文献中频繁出现被动语态。本文先用将被动语态与主动语态进行对比的方法介绍有关被动语态的基础知识。然后参考和引用一些论述科技问题的例句来具体说明被动语态在科技英语中的应用情况。关键词:被动语态;无人称句;科技英语Abstract:Scientistsprefertouseimpersonalpassivesentenceswhentheytalkorwriteabouttheirwork.Afterabriefintro
2、ductionofthefundamentalsofpassivevoice,itsapplicationinscientificEnglishwillbediscussedinthisthesis.KeyWords:Passivevoice;impersonalsentence;scientificEnglish在科技文章中,多数句子是无人称被动句,因为科技著作者想要客观地对待事物,而不强调行为的主体,所以通常不用“I”、“you”或“theoperator”等作为句子开头。[1](P64)一、被动语态10/10语态表示句中主
3、语和谓语动词之间的关系。若主语是动作的执行者,动词用主动语态,当主语是动作的承受者,动词要用被动语态。只有及物动词才有被动语态。[2](P178)例如:Hisfatherplantedthistree.(主动语态)Thistreewasplantedbyhisfather.(被动语态)Apumpsuppliescompressedair.(主动语态)Compressedairissuppliedbyapump.(被动语态)被动语态由动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态与主动语态的对应关系、被动语态一般时、进行时和完成时的常
4、用句型,可用以下各组例句概略说明:Theywillfinditout.Itwillbefoundout.Wekeepthebutterhere.[3](P263)Thebutteriskepthere.Didsheopenthatletter?Wasthatletteropenedbyher?Amechanicisrepairingyourcar.Yourcanisbeingrepairedbyamechanic.Theywerepaintingthathouse.Thathousewasbeingpaintedbythem.T
5、heyhavealreadyfoundhim.Hehasalreadybeenfound.10/10Theyhadopenedthisroadtotraffic.Thisroadhadbeenopenedtotraffic.构成被动语态的动词be,在口语中有时可用get代替,例如:You'llgetsackedifyouoftenleaveearly.Lookout,youmaygethurt.TheeggsgotbrokenwhenIslipped.Mr.Ligotmarriedlastweek.二、使用被动语态的主要场合[3
6、](P266)(1)表述人认为不必提及动作的执行者,例如:YourlegwillbeX-rayed.Arethestreetsswepteveryday?Considerableprogresshasalreadybeenmade.(2)表述人不知道或不能肯定动作的执行者,例如:Isyourbikestolen?Youwillbemetattheairport.They'vebeentoldthatheisnolongerhere.HeissupposedtobelivinginShanghai.Thissortofadisse
7、eneverywhere.(3)为了缓和语气,回避责任,故意不说明动作的执行者,例如:Someonehasopenedthisletter.10/10Wearegoingtoreduceovertimerates.可以修改成为:Thisletterhasbeenopened.Overtimerateswillbereduced.显然,与前两句相比,后两句的语气比较缓和。(4)表述人对事件本身比对事件的动因更为重视,例如:Threemenwerekilledintheaccident.Amodernhospitalisbeingb
8、uiltnearhere.Thespyhasalreadybeencaught.(5)为了使表述更为通顺流畅试比较下面的两个句子:Whenhearrivedhomeapolicemanarrestedhim.Whenhearrivedhomehewasarres
