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1、TheScopeofChevronPreparedfortheScopeofJudicialReviewportionoftheABAAdministrativeLawSection=sProjectontheAdministrativeProcedureActStevenCroley,UniversityofMichiganLawSchoolFifthDraft:July2001IntroductionInChevronv.NaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil,467U.S.837(1984),theSupremeCourtprovidedatwo-stepform
2、ulationforjudicialconsiderationofanadministrativeagency=sinterpretationofaregulatorystatute.AccordingtoChevron=snow-boilerplatelanguage:First,always,isthequestionwhetherCongresshasdirectlyspokentotheprecisequestionatissue.IftheintentofCongressisclear,...thecourt,aswellastheagency,mustgiveeffecttoth
3、eunambiguouslyexpressedintentofCongress.If,however,thecourtdeterminesCongresshasnotdirectlyaddressedtheprecisequestionatissue,thecourtdoesnotsimplyimposeitsownconstructiononthestatute,aswouldbenecessaryintheabsenceofanadministrativeinterpretation.Rather,ifthestatuteissilentorambiguous...thequestion
4、forthecourtiswhethertheagency=sanswerisbasedonapermissibleconstructionofthestatute.467U.S.at843-44(footnotesomitted).SincetheChevrondecision,courtsandcommentatorshavedissected,analyzed,puzzledover,anddebatedtheimplicationsandsignificanceofthedoctrine.Whateveritsnuances,plainlythedoctrineappearstoco
5、ntemplatealessactiveroleforthejudiciaryininterpretingregulatorystatutes,atleastrelativetootherkindsofstatutes.JustwhatthatrolewillbenaturallydependsonhowexactlytheChevrondoctrineisunderstoodandapplied.Onthemostgenerallevel,thedoctrineraisesthreemajorissues:(1)Whatisthescopeofthedoctrine,orinotherwo
6、rds,towhichagencyinterpretationsofregulatorystatutesdoesitapply?;(2)AssumingChevronapplies,howwillareviewingcourtdeterminewhetherCongresshasspokentotheinterpretivequestionatissue?--ChevronAStepOne@;and(3)AssumingChevronappliesandthatareviewingcourthasdeterminedthatCongresshasnotspokentothequestiona
7、tissue,whenwillthecourtdefertotheagency=sinterpretation,andwheninsteadwillthecourtconcludetheagency=sinterpretationwasunreasonableorimpermissible?--AStepTwo.@Thefollowinganalysistakesupthatfirstquestion.The
