humanistic psychology

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1、THEPURPOSEOFLIFEForthemainstreamofcontemporaryculture，thepurposeoflifeisdevelopment，growth，andmastery．Thecontributionofsuchattainmentstoindividualfulfillmentisnotfrequentlyquestionedbutsurelyisquestionable．Thosewhohaveacquiredgreataffluencedo，ingenera

2、l，enjoyanadvantageinbetterhealthandcontroloftheirlivescomparedtoothers．However,theadvantageisnotensuredand，infact，comeswithacostofdenyinghowone’sadvantagescontributetothedevastationofotherpersonsandtheplanet．Theadvantageofwell-beingalsorequiresacontin

3、ueddedicationtomaintainingthedominantgoals．Theymustbepersistentlypursuedbecausenodegreeofattainmentoracquisitionissufficienttoensureone’spositionamongpotentialcompetitors．Thegoalsaremaintainednotonlyforoneselfbutalsoforallotherswhocannotattainthesegoa

4、lsandfeelonlytheintensepressuretostriveforthemandthedissatisfactionwiththeirownattainments．Forthepoor,thisoftenisaccompaniedbythescornofothersandtheinternalizedscornofoneselfforfailuretoachievethegoalsofconsumptionpromotedconstantlywithinthelargercult

5、ure．Acompetingworldviewhaspersisted，notonlyinindigenousregionsbutalsoamongdissidentswhofindthedominantcoursetoestrangethemfromtheircommunities(bothhumanandnatural)．Thosespecialconnectionshave，throughouthistory，beenconsideredmoreapartofthesacredworldth

6、anofthesecularworld，foroutsideofthedominatingaddictivepressurestoconsumeandcompete，humansfindaneedtocontemplatewhatismagnificentintheuniverseandinthemiracleofIife．Formany,thepurposeofhumanlifehaslesstodowithachievinghigherproductivityandconsumptiontha

7、nwiththecontemplativewonder,love，andjoyinthepresenceofwhatfeelssacred(Cummings，1991；seealsothechapterbyElkins『Chapter16]inthisvolume)．THEDEPTHOFOURCONNECTIONSWehaveevolvedfromlivingandnonlivingmaterials．WeknowthatourbodiesbeartheimprintsofamateriaIuni

8、verseolderandmoredispersedthanweareabletoexperiencedirectly．Thisunderstandinghasgrowntoincludetheminutecomponentsoftheatom；theworkingsofthecell；andtheeffectsofmicrobes，neurotransmitters,backgroundradiation，geologicformations，andbeyondoursolars