交通工程专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献

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1、2012土木工程学院交通工程专业中英文翻译RoadDesign专业：交通工程2012英文原文TheBasicsofaGoodRoadWehaveknownhowtobuildgoodroadsforalongtime.ArchaeologistshavefoundancientEgyptianroadsthatcarriedblockstothepyramidsin4600BCE.Later,theRomansbuiltanextensiveroadsystem,usingthesameprinciplesweusetoday.Someoftheseroadsarestillinservice

2、.Ifyoufollowthebasicconceptsofroadbuilding,youwillcreatearoadthatwilllast.Thetencommandmentsofagoodroadare:（1）Getwaterawayfromtheroad（2）Buildonafirmfoundation（3）Usethebestmaterials（4）Compactalllayersproperly（5）Designfortrafficloadsandvolumes（6）Designformaintenance（7）Paveonlywhenready（8）Buildfromtheb

3、ottomup（9）Protectyourinvestment（10）Keepgoodrecords1．GetwaterawayfromtheroadWecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceofgooddrainage.Engineersestimatethatatleast90%ofaroad’sproblemscanberelatedtoexcesswaterortopoorwaterdrainage.Toomuchwaterinanylayerofaroad’sstructurecanweakenthatlayer,leadingtofailure.Inthes

4、urfacelayer,watercancausecracksandpotholes.Inlowerlayersitunderminessupport,causingcracksandpotholes.Acommonsignofwaterinanasphaltroadsurfaceisalligatorcracking—aninterconnectedpatternofcracksformingsmallirregularshapedpiecesthatlooklikealligatorskin.Edgecracking,frostheaves,andspringbreakupofpaveme

5、ntsalsopointtomoistureproblems.Topreventtheseproblemsrememberthatwater:•flowsdownhill•needstoflowsomeplace•isaproblemifitisnotflowingEffectivedrainagesystemsdivert,drainanddisposeofwater.Todothistheyuseinterceptorditchesandslopes,roadcrowns,andditchandculvertsystems.Divert—Interceptorditches,located

6、betweentheroadandhighergroundalongtheroad,keepthewaterfromreachingtheroadway.Theseditchesmustslopesotheycarrywaterawayfromtheroad.Drain—Creatingacrownintheroadsoitishigheralongthecenterlinethanattheedgesencourageswatertoflowofftheroad.Typicallyapavedcrownshouldbe14"higherthantheshoulderforeachfootof

7、widthfromthecenterlinetotheedge.Forgravelsurfacesthecrownshouldbe12"higherperfootofwidth.Forthisflowpathtowork,theroadsurfacemustberelatively2012watertight.Roadshouldersalsomustbeslopedawayfromtheroad