交通工程专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献

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1、WORD格式可编辑土木工程学院交通工程专业中英文翻译RoadDesign专业：交通工程WORD格式可编辑英文原文TheBasicsofaGoodRoadWehaveknownhowtobuildgoodroadsforalongtime.ArchaeologistshavefoundancientEgyptianroadsthatcarriedblockstothepyramidsin4600BCE.Later,theRomansbuiltanextensiveroadsystem,usingthesameprinciplesweusetod

2、ay.Someoftheseroadsarestillinservice.Ifyoufollowthebasicconceptsofroadbuilding,youwillcreatearoadthatwilllast.Thetencommandmentsofagoodroadare:（1）Getwaterawayfromtheroad（2）Buildonafirmfoundation（3）Usethebestmaterials（4）Compactalllayersproperly（5）Designfortrafficloadsandvolu

3、mes（6）Designformaintenance（7）Paveonlywhenready（8）Buildfromthebottomup（9）Protectyourinvestment（10）Keepgoodrecords1．GetwaterawayfromtheroadWecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceofgooddrainage.Engineersestimatethatatleast90%ofaroad’sproblemscanberelatedtoexcesswaterortopoorwaterdra

4、inage.Toomuchwaterinanylayerofaroad’sstructurecanweakenthatlayer,leadingtofailure.Inthesurfacelayer,watercancausecracksandpotholes.Inlowerlayersitunderminessupport,causingcracksandpotholes.Acommonsignofwaterinanasphaltroadsurfaceisalligatorcracking—aninterconnectedpatternof

5、cracksformingsmallirregularshapedpiecesthatlooklikealligatorskin.Edgecracking,frostheaves,andspringbreakupofpavementsalsopointtomoistureproblems.Topreventtheseproblemsrememberthatwater:•flowsdownhill•needstoflowsomeplace•isaproblemifitisnotflowingEffectivedrainagesystemsdiv

6、ert,drainanddisposeofwater.Todothistheyuseinterceptorditchesandslopes,roadcrowns,andditchandculvertsystems.Divert—Interceptorditches,locatedbetweentheroadandhighergroundalongtheroad,keepthewaterfromreachingtheroadway.Theseditchesmustslopesotheycarrywaterawayfromtheroad.Drai

7、n—Creatingacrownintheroadsoitishigheralongthecenterlinethanattheedgesencourageswatertoflowofftheroad.Typicallyapavedcrownshouldbe14"higherthantheshoulderforeachfootofwidthfromthecenterlinetotheedge.Forgravelsurfacesthecrownshouldbe12"higherperfootofwidth.Forthisflowpathtowo

8、rk,theroadsurfacemustberelativelyWORD格式可编辑watertight.Roadshouldersalsomustbesloped