交通工程专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献

交通工程专业外文翻译外文文献英文文献

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时间:2018-11-08

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1、——土木工程学院交通工程专业中英文翻译RoadDesign专业:交通工程———英文原文TheBasicsofaGoodRoadWehaveknownhowtobuildgoodroadsforalongtime.ArchaeologistshavefoundancientEgyptianroadsthatcarriedblockstothepyramidsin4600BCE.Later,theRomansbuiltanextensiveroadsystem,usingthesameprinciplesweusetoday.S

2、omeoftheseroadsarestillinservice.Ifyoufollowthebasicconceptsofroadbuilding,youwillcreatearoadthatwilllast.Thetencommandmentsofagoodroadare:(1)Getwaterawayfromtheroad(2)Buildonafirmfoundation(3)Usethebestmaterials(4)Compactalllayersproperly(5)Designfortrafficloadsan

3、dvolumes(6)Designformaintenance(7)Paveonlywhenready(8)Buildfromthebottomup(9)Protectyourinvestment(10)Keepgoodrecords1.GetwaterawayfromtheroadWecan’toveremphasizetheimportanceofgooddrainage.Engineersestimatethatatleast90%ofaroad’sproblemscanberelatedtoexcesswateror

4、topoorwaterdrainage.Toomuchwaterinanylayerofaroad’sstructurecanweakenthatlayer,leadingtofailure.Inthesurfacelayer,watercancausecracksandpotholes.Inlowerlayersitunderminessupport,causingcracksandpotholes.Acommonsignofwaterinanasphaltroadsurfaceisalligatorcracking—an

5、interconnectedpatternofcracksformingsmallirregularshapedpiecesthatlooklikealligatorskin.Edgecracking,frostheaves,andspringbreakupofpavementsalsopointtomoistureproblems.Topreventtheseproblemsrememberthatwater:•flowsdownhill•needstoflowsomeplace•isaproblemifitisnotfl

6、owingEffectivedrainagesystemsdivert,drainanddisposeofwater.Todothistheyuseinterceptorditchesandslopes,roadcrowns,andditchandculvertsystems.Divert—Interceptorditches,locatedbetweentheroadandhighergroundalongtheroad,keepthewaterfromreachingtheroadway.Theseditchesmust

7、slopesotheycarrywaterawayfromtheroad.Drain—Creatingacrownintheroadsoitishigheralongthecenterlinethanattheedgesencourageswatertoflowofftheroad.Typicallyapavedcrownshouldbe14"higherthantheshoulderforeachfootofwidthfromthecenterlinetotheedge.Forgravelsurfacesthecrowns

8、houldbe12"higherperfootofwidth.Forthisflowpathtowork,theroadsurfacemustberelatively———watertight.Roadshouldersalsomustbeslopedawayfromtheroadtoco

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