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1、JohnMilton约翰·弥尔顿IntroductionbornDec.9,1608,London,Eng. diedNov.8?,1674,London?·JohnMilton,detailofanengravingbyWilliamFaithorne,1670;intheNationalPortraitGallery,…Englishpoet,pamphleteer,andhistorian,consideredthemostsignificantEnglishauthorafterWilliamShakespeare.Miltonisbe
2、stknownforParadiseLost,widelyregardedasthegreatestepicpoeminEnglish.TogetherwithParadiseRegainedandSamsonAgonistes,itconfirmsMilton'sreputationasoneofthegreatestEnglishpoets.InhisproseworksMiltonadvocatedtheabolitionoftheChurchofEnglandandtheexecutionofKingCharlesI.Fromthebe
3、ginningoftheEnglishCivilWarsin1642tolongaftertherestorationofCharlesIIaskingin1660,heespousedinallhisworksapoliticalphilosophythatopposedtyrannyandstate-sanctionedreligion.HisinfluenceextendednotonlythroughthecivilwarsandinterregnumbutalsototheAmericanandFrenchrevolutions.In
4、hisworksontheology,hevaluedlibertyofconscience,theparamountimportanceofScriptureasaguideinmattersoffaith,andreligioustolerationtowarddissidents.Asacivilservant,MiltonbecamethevoiceoftheEnglishCommonwealthafter1649throughhishandlingofitsinternationalcorrespondenceandhisdefens
5、eofthegovernmentagainstpolemicalattacksfromabroad. EarlylifeandeducationMilton'spaternalgrandfather,Richard,wasastaunchRomanCatholicwhoexpelledhissonJohn,thepoet'sfather,fromthefamilyhomeinOxfordshireforreadinganEnglish(i.e.,Protestant)Bible.Banishedanddisinherited,Milton'sf
6、atherestablishedinLondonabusinessasascrivener,preparingdocumentsforlegaltransactions.Hewasalsoamoneylender,andhenegotiatedwithcreditorstoarrangeforloansonbehalfofhisclients.Heandhiswife,SaraJeffrey,whosefatherwasamerchanttailor,hadthreechildrenwhosurvivedtheirearlyyears:Anne
7、,theoldest,followedbyJohnandChristopher.ThoughChristopherbecamealawyer,aRoyalist,andperhapsaRomanCatholic,hemaintainedthroughouthislifeacordialrelationshipwithhisolderbrother.AftertheStuartmonarchywasrestoredin1660,Christopher,amongothers,mayhaveintercededtopreventtheexecuti
8、onofhisbrother.TheelderJohnMilton,whofosteredculturalinterestsasamusicianan
