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ID:237712
大小:1.47 MB
页数:11页
时间:2017-07-11
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1、材料力学双语教学学习资料1第一章绪论Chapter1Introduction§1-1材料力学的任务TheTasksofMechanicsofMaterials1*.材料力学:MechanicsofMaterials2.构件:StructuralMembers3.变形:Deformation4*.强度:Strength5*.刚度:Rigidity6*.稳定性:Stability§1-2变形固体的基本假设FundamentalAssumptionsofSolidDeformationBodies1.连续
2、性假设:Continuity2.均匀性假设:Homogeneity3.各向同性假设:Isotropy§1.3外力及其分类ExternalForcesandClassification1.分布力:DistributedForce2.集中力:PointForce3.静载荷:StaticLoad4.动载荷:DynamicLoad§1.4内力、截面法和应力的概念ConceptsofInternalForces,MethodofSectionandStress1*.内力:InternalForce2*.截面法
3、:MethodofSection3.截面法的三个步骤:截开,代替,平衡Threestepsofmethodofsection:cutoff,substitute,andequilibrium.4*.应力:Stress5.平均应力:Averagestress6.应力(全应力):Wholestress(sumstress)7*.正应力:NormalStress8*.剪应力(切应力):ShearingStress§1.5变形与应变DeformationandStrain1.线应变:Strain2.剪应变:
4、ShearingStrain§1.6杆件变形的基本形式BasicTypesofDeformationsofRods1*.拉伸或压缩:TensionorCompression2*.剪切:Shear3*.扭转:Torsion4*.弯曲:Bending第二章拉伸、压缩与剪切Chapter2Tension,CompressionandShear§2.1轴向拉伸与压缩的概念和实例TheConceptandExamplesofAxialTensionandCompression1.拉杆:TensileRod2.
5、压杆:CompressiveRod3.受力特点:外力合力的作用线与杆轴线重合CharacteristicoftheExternalForces:Theactinglineoftheresultantofexternalforcesiscoincidedwiththeaxisoftherod.4.变形特点:杆沿轴向伸长或缩短CharacteristicofDeformation:Rodwillelongateorcontractalongtheaxisoftherod.§2.2轴向拉伸或压缩时横截面上
6、的内力和应力InternalForceandStressofAxialTensionorCompressionontheCrossSection1*.横截面:CrossSection2*.轴力:NormalForce3*.轴力图:DiagramofNormalForce§2.3直杆轴向拉伸或压缩时斜截面上的应力StressofAxialTensionorCompressionontheSkewSection1.斜截面:SkewSection2.§2.4材料在拉伸时的力学性能MechanicalPro
7、pertiesofMaterialswithTensileLoad1.标准试件:Specimen2.低碳钢(C≤0.3%):LowCarbonSteel3.弹性阶段:ElasticRegion4.屈服阶段:YieldingStage5.强化阶段:HardeningStage6.颈缩阶段:NeckingStage7*.σp----比例极限:ProportionalLimit8*.σe----弹性极限:ElasticLimit9*.σs----屈服极限:YieldingStress10*.σb----强
8、度极限:UltimateStress11.延伸率:PercentElongation12.断面收缩率:PercentReductionofArea13.塑性材料:DuctileMaterials14.脆性材料:BrittleMaterials15.铸铁:Castiron§2.7失效、安全系数和强度计算Failure,SafetyfactorandStrengthcalculation1*.许用应力:AllowableStress2.安全系数:SafetyFactor3
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