神经科学与行为教学ppt课件

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1、Myers’PSYCHOLOGYChapter2NeuroscienceandBehaviorNeuralCommunicationBiologicalPsychologybranchofpsychologyconcernedwiththelinksbetweenbiologyandbehaviorsomebiologicalpsychologistscallthemselvesbehavioralneuroscientists,neuropsychologists,behaviorgeneticists,physiologica

2、lpsychologists,orbiopsychologistsNeuronanervecellthebasicbuildingblockofthenervoussystemNeuralCommunicationDendritethebushy,branchingextensionsofaneuronthatreceivemessagesandconductimpulsestowardthecellbodyAxontheextensionofaneuron,endinginbranchingterminalfibers,thro

3、ughwhichmessagesaresenttootherneuronsortomusclesorglandsMyelin[MY-uh-lin]SheathalayeroffattycellssegmentallyencasingthefibersofmanyneuronsenablesvastlygreatertransmissionspeedofneutralimpulsesNeuralCommunicationNeuralCommunicationActionPotentialaneuralimpulse;abriefel

4、ectricalchargethattravelsdownanaxongeneratedbythemovementofpositivelychargedatomsinandoutofchannelsintheaxon’smembraneThresholdthelevelofstimulationrequiredtotriggeraneuralimpulseNeuralCommunicationCellbodyendofaxonDirectionofneuralimpulse:towardaxonterminalsNeuralCom

5、municationSynapse[SIN-aps]junctionbetweentheaxontipofthesendingneuronandthedendriteorcellbodyofthereceivingneurontinygapatthisjunctioniscalledthesynapticgaporcleftNeurotransmitterschemicalmessengersthattraversethesynapticgapsbetweenneuronswhenreleasedbythesendingneuro

6、n,neuro-transmitterstravelacrossthesynapseandbindtoreceptorsitesonthereceivingneuron,therebyinfluencingwhetheritwillgenerateaneuralimpulseNeuralCommunicationNeuralCommunicationSerotoninPathwaysDopaminePathwaysNeuralCommunicationNeuralCommunicationAcetylcholine[ah-seat

7、-el-KO-leen]aneurotransmitterthat,amongitsfunctions,triggersmusclecontractionEndorphins[en-DOR-fins]“morphinewithin”natural,opiatelikeneurotransmitterslinkedtopaincontrolandtopleasureNeuralCommunicationNeurotransmittermoleculeReceivingcellmembraneReceptorsiteonreceivi

8、ngneuronAgonistmimicsneurotransmitterAntagonistblocksneurotransmitterTheNervousSystemNervousSystemthebody’sspeedy,electroche