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ID:38982088
大小:3.64 MB
页数:54页
时间:2019-06-22
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1、Myers’PSYCHOLOGYChapter2NeuroscienceandBehaviorNeuralCommunicationBiologicalPsychologybranchofpsychologyconcernedwiththelinksbetweenbiologyandbehaviorsomebiologicalpsychologistscallthemselvesbehavioralneuroscientists,neuropsychologists,behaviorgeneticists,physiologicalpsychologists,orbiopsychologist
2、sNeuronanervecellthebasicbuildingblockofthenervoussystemNeuralCommunicationDendritethebushy,branchingextensionsofaneuronthatreceivemessagesandconductimpulsestowardthecellbodyAxontheextensionofaneuron,endinginbranchingterminalfibers,throughwhichmessagesaresenttootherneuronsortomusclesorglandsMyelin[M
3、Y-uh-lin]SheathalayeroffattycellssegmentallyencasingthefibersofmanyneuronsenablesvastlygreatertransmissionspeedofneutralimpulsesNeuralCommunicationNeuralCommunicationActionPotentialaneuralimpulse;abriefelectricalchargethattravelsdownanaxongeneratedbythemovementofpositivelychargedatomsinandoutofchann
4、elsintheaxon’smembraneThresholdthelevelofstimulationrequiredtotriggeraneuralimpulseNeuralCommunicationCellbodyendofaxonDirectionofneuralimpulse:towardaxonterminalsNeuralCommunicationSynapse[SIN-aps]junctionbetweentheaxontipofthesendingneuronandthedendriteorcellbodyofthereceivingneurontinygapatthisju
5、nctioniscalledthesynapticgaporcleftNeurotransmitterschemicalmessengersthattraversethesynapticgapsbetweenneuronswhenreleasedbythesendingneuron,neuro-transmitterstravelacrossthesynapseandbindtoreceptorsitesonthereceivingneuron,therebyinfluencingwhetheritwillgenerateaneuralimpulseNeuralCommunicationNeu
6、ralCommunicationSerotoninPathwaysDopaminePathwaysNeuralCommunicationNeuralCommunicationAcetylcholine[ah-seat-el-KO-leen]aneurotransmitterthat,amongitsfunctions,triggersmusclecontractionEndorphins[en-DOR-fins]“morphinewithin”natural,opiatelikeneurotransmitterslinkedtopaincontrolandtopleasureNeuralCom
7、municationNeurotransmittermoleculeReceivingcellmembraneReceptorsiteonreceivingneuronAgonistmimicsneurotransmitterAntagonistblocksneurotransmitterTheNervousSystemNervousSystemthebody’sspeedy,electroche
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