FUNCTIONAL APPROACHES IN TRANSLATION in germany.pdf

FUNCTIONAL APPROACHES IN TRANSLATION in germany.pdf

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1、Functionalapproachesintranslation...27FUNCTIONALAPPROACHESINTRANSLATIONSTUDIESINGERMANYPaulKußmaulContrastivelinguisticsandfunctionalismIntheearlyphaseoftranslationstudiesinGermany,contrastivelinguisticsplayedamajorrole.Ishallbrieflydescribethisappro

2、achsothatthefunctionalapproachwillbecomeclearerbycontrast.Influencedbytherepresentativesofstylistiquecomparée,Vinay/Darbelnet(1968)WolframWilss,forinstance,inhisearlywork(1971,1977)makesfrequentuseofthenotiontransposition(German“Ausdrucksverschiebung

3、“,cf.alsoCatford’s(1965)termshift).Asawhole,ofcourse,Wilss’workhasamuchbroaderscope.Morerecently,hehasinvestigatedtheroleofcognition(1988)andthevariousfactorsintranslatorbehaviour(1996).Nevertheless,transpositionisstillaveryimportantandusefulnotionin

4、describingthetranslationprocess.Theneedfortranspositionsariseswhenthereisnopossibilityofformalone-to-onecorrespondencebetweensourceandtarget-languagestructures.Thebasicideaisthatwheneverthereisaneedfortransposition,wearefacedwithatranslationproblem.F

5、orinstance,ifwehavetotranslateanEnglishsentencesuchas(1)WalkingalongthestreetImetmyoldfriendTom.28PaulKußmaulIntoGerman,wemight,accordingtotherulesofgrammar,translateitbyusingitssyntacticequivalent,i.e.apresent-participleconstruction(1a)DieStraßeentl

6、angehendtrafichmeinenaltenFreundTom.However,thissentencewouldstylisticallybemarkedas“poetic“inGerman.Theseconstructions,forinstance,arequitefrequentinBertoltBrecht’spoetry,e.g.:DieVaterstadt,wiefindichsiedoch?FolgenddenBomberschwärmenkommichnachHaus.

7、(BertoltBrecht,GesammelteWerke10.WerksausgabeEditionSuhrkampFrankfurtamMain1968:858)buttheywouldnotbeusedinnormaleverydaysituations.Innon-poeticcontextswethushavetomakeuseofsyntacticchangesandproducetargetsentencessuchas:(1b)AlsichdieStraßeentlanggin

8、g,trafichmeinenaltenFreundTom.(1c)BeimEntlanggehenderStraßetrafichmeinealtenFreundTom.(1d)IchgingdieStraßeentlangundtrafmeinenaltenFreundTom.Wemayanalysethesevariantssyntacticallyassubordinateclause(1b)orprepositionalnominalconstruction(1c)orco-ordin

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