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专家解析大学英语四级考试历年阅读真题2007.12阅读第一篇 PassageOne Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. InthisageofInternetchat,videogamesandrealitytelevision,thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied.Yet,despitethecompetition,my8-year-olddaughterRebeccawantstospendherleisuretimewritingshortstories.Shewantstoenteroneofherstoriesintoawritingcontest,acompetitionshewonlastyear. AsawriterIknowaboutwinningcontests,andaboutlosingthem.Iknowwhatitisliketoworkhardonastoryonlytoreceivearejectionslipfromthepublisher.Ialsoknowthepressureoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories.Whatifshedoesn’twinthecontestagain?That’sthestrangethingaboutbeingaparent.Somanyofourownpastscarsanddashedhopescansurface. Arevelation(启示)camelastweekwhenIaskedher,“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.” Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(自发地)toldthem.TellingmyselfthatIwasmerelyanexperiencedwriterguidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall,Iofferedsuggestionsforcharacters,conflictsandendingsforhertales.Thestoryaboutafearfulangelstartingfirstgradewasquickly“guided”bymeintothetaleofalittlegirlwithawildimaginationtakingherfirstmusiclesson.Ihadturnedhercontestintomycontestwithoutevenrealizingit. Stayingbackandgivingkidsspacetogrowisnotaseasyasitlooks.BecauseIknowverylittleaboutfarmanimalswhousetoolsorangelswhogotofirstgrade,IhadtoacceptthefactthatIwasco-opting(借用)mydaughter’sexperience. Whilesteppingbackwasdifficultforme,itwascertainlyagoodfirststepthatIwillquicklyfollowwithmoresteps,puttingmyselffarenoughawaytogiveherroombutcloseenoughtohelpifasked.AllthewhileIwillberemindingmyselfthatchildrenneedroomtoexperiment,growandfindtheirownvoices. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph? A)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays. B)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities. C)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime. D)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting. 58.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience? A)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore. B)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers. C)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter. D)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations.主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 59.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest? A)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest. B)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders. C)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp. D)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting. 60.Theauthortookgreatpainstorefineherdaughter’sstoriesbecause________. A)shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamsofbecomingawriter B)shewasafraidRebecca’simaginationmightrunwildwhilewriting C)shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuch D)shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance 61.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents? A)Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinions. B)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein. C)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience. D)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue. 这篇文章讲述了一个作家母亲指导女儿写作的故事，通过作者的亲身经历向人们揭示出当今社会的子女教育问题。这种个人化风格较强的文章在以学术性、科技类、说明性文章为主要材料来源的四级阅读题中还是比较少见的;但文章的中心思想还是借作者的个人故事向人们揭示社会问题，具有较强的实用性。 全文一共六个自然段，第一段交待了女儿忙于参加写作比赛的事实;第二段作者回顾了自身写作历程的艰辛，引出要为女儿修改作文的动机;第三、四、五段详细讲述了作者修改女儿作文的过程，作者最终的失败使其对子女教育问题有所领悟;最后一段，作者具体说明了父母应该如何帮助子女成长的观点。 这篇文章个人写作风格明显，语言平易，因而词汇量不大，句子结构也较简单，理解起来并不存在太大的问题，较少见到明显的疑难部分。57.Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph? A)Alotofdistractionscompeteforchildren’stimenowadays. B)Childrendofindlotsoffuninmanymindlessactivities. C)Rebeccaismuchtoooccupiedtoenjoyherleisuretime. D)Rebeccadrawsonalotofonlinematerialsforherwriting. 题目解析 题目问从第一段可以得知什么。第一段的大意如下：在这个网络聊天、视频游戏和电视真人秀的时代，供孩子们消遣的无聊活动当然也不会少。但我8岁的女儿丽贝卡却把空闲时间用来写短篇小说。她想要拿出一篇小说来参加一个写作大赛。在去年的上一届比赛中，她获得了优胜。 A，如今大量娱乐活动在为儿童竞争(即现在的儿童有充足的娱乐活动)。文章开篇的Inthisageof词组与A中的nowadays在时间上相互呼应。thereisnoshortageofmindlessactivitiestokeepachildoccupied中的shortage是“少”的意思，但noshortageof并不仅指有一些，而是“较为丰富”，如thereisnoshortageoftallbuildings主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses here，这里的高楼可不少。从这一句可以看出，供孩子们消遣娱乐的活动确实很多，可以由此推出A的结论。 B，孩子们确实在许多无聊活动中得到了乐趣。作者只是指出供孩子选择的娱乐活动很多，但没有指明孩子们是否从中得到了乐趣。从mindless(没头脑的,不用脑子的)一词可以看出，作者对这些活动至少是持有怀疑态度的。另外，从文中可知作者的女儿对这些活动没有兴趣，当然也谈不上乐趣，可以作为一个反例。 C，丽贝卡太忙而不能享受空余时间。文中只说丽贝卡把空闲时间用来写小说，是不是真的太忙不能确定。另外写小说本身也许即是丽贝卡的享受空闲时间的方式，那样的话她也就是在完全地享受自己的空闲时间，C的叙述不对。 D，丽贝卡从网络上汲取了很多写作材料。这句话和文意相去甚远，只要理解了第一段的意思，相信排除该选项不会太难。 58.Whatdidtheauthorsayaboutherownwritingexperience? A)Shewasconstantlyunderpressureofwritingmore. B)Mostofherstorieshadbeenrejectedbypublishers. C)Shedidnotquiteliveuptoherreputationasawriter. D)Herwaytosuccesswasfullofpainsandfrustrations. 题目问作者讲了自己的哪些写作经历。 作者介绍自己的写作经历是在文章的第二段前半部分。大意是：“作为一个作家，我享受过夺得竞赛优胜的喜悦，也品尝过失败的滋味。我知道辛辛苦苦写出来一个故事、结果却得到一张出版商的退稿信时的感受。我同样知道夺得优胜后再想保住这份荣誉的压力。” A，她经常处在要写作更多作品的压力之下。文中只说作者在卫冕比赛优胜时有压力，而不是写作新作品时，因此A的说法不对。 B，她大部分小说都被出版商退稿了。文中说作者的稿件被退过，没有提到是否大部分都被退稿。从文章大体可以推断出作者是一个成功的作家，一个成功作家不可能大部分作品都被退稿。 C，作为作家，她对保住荣誉并不在意。从Ialsoknowthepressureoftryingtoliveuptoareputationcreatedbypreviousvictories一句可以看出，作者为保住荣誉承受过很大压力，C的说法与文意恰好相反。 D，她的成功之路充满痛苦和挫折。根据第二段前半部分的叙述可知，作者品尝过失败，体验过小说被退稿的感受，承受过保住荣誉的压力，恰好可以由D的说法来概括。 59.WhydidRebeccawanttoenterthisyear’swritingcontest? A)Shehadwonaprizeinthepreviouscontest. B)Shewantedtoshareherstorieswithreaders. C)Shewassureofwinningwithhermother’shelp. D)Shebelievedshepossessedrealtalentforwriting. 题目问丽贝卡想要参加今年的写作比赛的原因。 A，她在上一届比赛中获得了优胜。言下之意是她是为了卫冕而参加比赛，但文中的对话“Don’tyouwanttowinagain?”“No,”显示，丽贝卡对能否夺冠并不在意。因此A的说法站不住脚。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses B，她想和读者分享她的故事。文中有一句话——shereplied,“Ijustwanttotellthestoryofanangelgoingtofirstgrade.”意思是她想告诉人们一个上小学一年级的天使的故事，也即想与人们(至少是读到它的人)分享这个故事，这与B的说法是一致的。 C，她自信在妈妈的帮助下可以获得优胜。这一点与文意不符。首先，从对A的分析可知，她并不在意是否获得优胜;其次，从文中大体可知她早已决定参加比赛，妈妈的帮助应该是后来的事情，那么在决定参加比赛时她就不一定考虑过妈妈的帮助。 D，她相信自己具备真正的写作才能。文章没有任何一处地方提及类似内容，也就无从判断是否如此，因此不能选D。 60.Theauthortookgreatpainstorefineherdaughter’sstoriesbecause________. A)shewantedtohelpRebeccarealizeherdreamsofbecomingawriter B)shewasafraidRebecca’simaginationmightrunwildwhilewriting C)shedidnotwanttodisappointRebeccawhoneededherhelpsomuch D)shebelievedshehadtheknowledgeandexperiencetoofferguidance 题目问作者花费了很多心力去修改女儿的故事，原因是什么。 文章讲述作者帮助女儿修改文章是在第四段，开头便说：Ihadjustspentweekscorrectingherstoriesasshespontaneously(自发地)toldthem，我用了几个星期帮她修改文章。之后则叙述了作者如何帮助女儿修改文章。四个选项的意思是： A，她想帮助丽贝卡实现当作家的梦想。 B，她担心丽贝卡写作时的想象力过于狂野。 C，她不想在丽贝卡如此渴望帮助时使她失望。 D，她相信自己的知识和经验可以提供指导。 某权威机构提供的答案是A，但存在两个疑点，第一，文中并未指明丽贝卡有当作家的梦想，从文中可知她写作的目的只是要分享她的故事而已，甚至连写作比赛的优胜都不在意。文中虽有guidingtheyoungwriteracrossthehall这句，似乎作者是想把女儿培养成作家，但这只是作者为了说明自己当时的心情而打的比方而已。第二，即便有这样的梦想，也不可能仅仅通过修改一篇作文就能实现。因此A并不正确。 B所说的想象力过于丰富和C所说的女儿非常需要作者的帮助，这些在文中都没有交代过，可以说是生造出来的，可以排除。 第四段第二句说作者自认为是一个有经验的作家，之后写到女儿的作品被作者按自己的经验、想法改造成了另外一个故事，进而把比赛当成了自己的比赛。由此可见，作者当初之所以要主动指导女儿，是自信自己的知识和经验可以对女儿提供帮助，只是结果不尽如人意。D的叙述是正确的。 61.What’stheauthor’sadviceforparents? A)Childrenshouldbegiveneverychancetovoicetheiropinions. B)Parentsshouldkeepaneyeontheactivitiestheirkidsengagein. C)Childrenshouldbeallowedfreedomtogrowthroughexperience. D)Awritingcareer,thoughattractive,isnotforeverychildtopursue.主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 题目问作者给了父母们哪些建议。给出建议是第四段的内容，这段的大意是：第一步，我不再干扰孩子，而后，给她空间的同时又能在需要时随时提供帮助。作者随时提醒自己，孩子需要尝试、成长以及表达自我的空间。 A，孩子应被给予每一个表达自我的机会。原文说要给予孩子表达自我的空间，既然使用了“空间”一词，也就意味着不是所有的机会都可以交给孩子。而A暗含的意思是无论孩子想要表达什么，都不要有所限制，与文意并不相符。 B，父母应该密切关注孩子们参与的活动。文中作者给出的建议是给孩子留有空间，又不离得太远，使得在他们需要帮助时可以随时提供帮助。而B中的keepaneye是始终密切关注的意思，与文意不符。 C，孩子应被给予通过经历实现成长的自由。第四段里的childrenneedroomtoexperiment是这句话的最好注解。 D，写作这个职业虽然吸引人，但并不是所有的孩子都适合去追求。作者的建议是关于子女教育问题的，并没有评价写作作为职业是否适合所有孩子的问题。PassageTwo Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes. At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性别)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相对于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind. Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory. TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout. 62.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain? A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields.主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination. C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind. D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant.(B) 63.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________. A)theveryfactthatsheisawoman B)herinvolvementingenderpolitics C)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicist D)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety(A) 64.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch? A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience. B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle. C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists. D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured.(C) 65.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass? A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues. B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence. C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents. D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore.(D) 66.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest? A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration. B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess. C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily. D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer. 这是一篇与性别歧视有关的文章，讲的是女性应该如何面对性别歧视的问题。作者以第一人称的形式，以亲身的经历来说明女性在面对性别歧视时应该采取不屑一顾的态度。 全文一共四个大段，开篇为Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain，以“again”一词造成悬疑，引起读者对原因的探究，而后整个第一段叙述了相对于这一again的上一次作者面对性别问题时的态度;并解释了原因是兴趣不在于此(Ineverfoundtheminteresting)。 第二段开始初步为“again”释疑，叙述了作者从最初对性别问题的超然态度(itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom)转变为积极捍卫女性利益态度(Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind)的过程。 第三段进一步为“again”释疑，叙述作者重又悟出应回归超然态度的心理经历。从Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory这一问一答可以看出，虽然多年过去，但作者用以对付性别问题这一心理重担的利器依然是兴趣(don’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory)。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 最后一段叙述了作者重归超然态度后如何教导学生正确地面对性别问题。在有些学生因性别问题(如何在科学研究和生儿育女间的愿望之间做出选择)而忧虑时，作者以身言教(heavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments)，告诉学生们应该忘记性别问题。作者的表率起了作用，像她们的老师一样，学生们把精力完全放在了兴趣上面(45womendrivenbyaloveofscience)。 文章的内容虽然涉及了社会问题，但切入角度是主观第一人称，语言修辞上更为接近散文(essay)的风格，所以相对于议论文、说明文较容易理解。62.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain? A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields. B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination. C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind. D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant. 这道题某权威机构给的答案是B，Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination，我认为这个结论有待商榷。 题目问作者为什么不想再一次谈论作为一个女科学家的感受。四个选项的意思是： A，工作在一个男性主导的领域里让她感到不快乐。 B，她对性别歧视问题感到厌倦了。 C，她不善于讲述此类故事。 D，她发现太空研究更为重要。 文章第一段就讲述了作者不愿再评论自己作为女科学家的事实。这一段的意思是这样的： 我不想再一次谈论我作为女性科学家的事情。在我的人生中，有那么一段时间，人们总是问我，在一个被男性主导的领域中工作都会发生什么故事。我从来都不善于给他们讲述那些故事，因为，说真的，我觉得那些故事一点意思也没有。让我觉得有意思的是宇宙的起源，时空的形状，和黑洞的本质。 结合全文来看，第二段叙述作者曾经陷入女性主义的炽热情绪当中，而后作者用了10年时间回归了对性别问题的超然态度(Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19)，这也是题目中使用again的原因。第二段最后一句：Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory，我不是研究社会学或者政治理论的，体现出作者把性别问题归于学术或政治问题，而女性作为当事人不应参与其中的态度。 显然，文中没有提到她在男性主导的领域中工作高兴与否，对于性别歧视问题，作者只是因对问题本身兴趣不大，而不善于讲述。作者的态度显而易见，她对性别问题表示了不屑一顾，也就不存在B所说的厌烦了的问题。这样ABC都可以排除，D说她发现太空研究更为重要，与第一段最后一句话意思相符。 63.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________. A)theveryfactthatsheisawoman B)herinvolvementingenderpolitics C)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicist D)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 题目问从第二段可以推断出人们把作者的失败归于什么。 A，她是一个女人的事实。 B，她参与了性别政治。 C，她作为女天体物理学家的过于自信。 D，在男性主导的社会中她身负重担。 第二段讲的是作者对性别问题的态度由不在乎转变为热情关注的过程。19岁时完全超脱(itdidnotbothermeintheleast)，麻省理工求学及之后研究时开始受到干扰(theissuestartedtobotherme)，这种干扰就是作者所有的成就：工作、研究论文、获奖，都受到性别偏见这副有色眼镜的过滤(viewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics)，而后作者写了一句Soweremyfailures，so在这里是代指，指代viewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics，即myfailureswerealsoviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics，意思就是人们是从性别政治的角度看待她的失败，也就是认为她的失败是由性别偏见引起的。这样的话，符合这个意思的只有A。 B所说的她参与了性别政治是个迷惑选项。参与性别政治是指为女性利益奔走呼号，第二段末尾也确实提到了作者的女性主义热情，但这是性别歧视发生之后才可以进行的，否则，如果没有发生歧视，奋力捍卫女性的利益的缘由就不存在了。而作者的失败，如果是因性别问题而起的话，则是早于失败之前就已经发生作用了。因此从逻辑上讲，作者自己的失败应该是先于参与捍卫女性利益发生的，后者不可能成为前者发生的原因。 64.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch? A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience. B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle. C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists. D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured. 题目问作者在攻读哲学博士和进行博士后研究时要同什么进行不断地斗争。 四个选项中，A说是缺少在太空科学领域成功的信心。文章提到了作者失去信心的问题，Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19，但这个信心是作者在面对世人对女性偏见时有信心不予理睬，而不是科研领域的信心。 B说是来自她的圈内圈外的不公平指责。世人戴着性别的有色眼镜看她(wasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics)，但这也仅仅是一种态度罢了，还没到指责、责难的地步。所以B的说法不能算对。 C说是人们对女性科学家的固有态度。文中第二段从ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme这句开始，讲述了作者面对世人成见时如何挺身而出、为女性仗义执言。这也就是C所表达的意思。 D说是对自然与培育的广泛误解。根据第二段，natureversusnurture的问题是作者与人争论的话题之一，是诸多对女性的成见之一，文中具体举出的例子就另有leftbrainversusrightbrain。而作者要斗争的是所有遭受的成见，D所说的这其中一种成见不可能是题目所说的整个时期内一直都要斗争的对象。 65.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass?主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues. B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence. C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents. D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore. 题干问作者谈到她的班级时为何流露出满意之情。 与题目相关的原文是这样的：TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmanyofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45，汉译为：我现在在纽约一所女子大学Barnard做研究和教书，最近有人问我，我的班级里45名学生中有多少个女生。你想象不到我能够回答“45个”时的满意之情。 从前文的叙述可以知道，作者一直需要面对的问题是在男性主导的领域女性太少的问题。19岁时，她是班里唯一的女生(theonlywomanintheclassroom)，做研究后，人们总是问她在一个男性主导的领域里工作的情形(theonlywomanintheclassroomworkinafielddominatedbymen)。可见，在作者研究的领域里，女生是很少的，而现在班里45人全部是女生，作者很有可能是为在自己研究的领域里出现了这么多的女性而感到满意。在这里作者使用了Beabletoanswer而不直接用answer，暗含以前是不可能说出这样的数字的。这个词组的选用也暗示了作者是在为数字的由少到多而满意。 A，女生不再为性别问题而烦恼。最后一段有一句话：Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren，意思是作者知道有些学生还是为科研与家庭之间如何平衡而忧虑。这一叙述与A不符。 B，她的学生的表现使她重拾信心。文中没有提到她的学生表现如何。 C，她的女学生能与男学生做得一样好。文中没有类似的叙述。 D，追求科学研究的女生比以前多了。这一描述符合上文的分析。 66.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest? A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration. B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess. C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily. D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer. 题目问作者展示给学生们的图景意味着什么。 文章的最后一段讲到了作者曾给学生展示过一个怀孕教师坚持做物理试验的图景。相关原文是：Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments，身怀六甲的物理教授依然在做物理实验。而这一行为的前因后果在第四段中也描述得很清楚。在这句话之前，作者给出了原因：Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren，一些学生担心不能很好地处理科研与生育孩子之间的平衡。作者为了消除学生们的担忧，便展示了这个图景。而在这句话之后，作者给出了结果：inturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveof主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses science，45个学生完全投入到科学之爱中。从这些前因后果可以看出，作者之所以展示这一图景，就是为了打消学生对于生育孩子会否影响科学研究的忧虑。 A，女生们无须为教授的怀孕担忧。这一图景的直接信号是要告诉女生们无须为教授担心，而传达的意义则是无须为她们自己生育孩子担心，而题目问的是“意味”着什么，因此A的说法不对。 B，女性在通往学术成功的道路上会遇到更多的障碍。教授展示此图景的目的就是为了告诉学生们怀孕并不会对科研造成什么障碍，所以B不对。 C，女性可以在科研和拥有家庭之间很好地平衡。符合前面的分析。 D，现在的女性在追求科研生涯时遇到的问题较以前少。应该说怀孕问题确实是一个问题，只是作者的观点在于不把这一问题看做是障碍而已。D的说法不对。PassageOne Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso. Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis. ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”Infreewriting,theobjectiveistogetwordsdownonpapernon-stop,usuallyfor15-20minutes.Nostopping,nogoingback,nocriticizing.Thegoalistogetthewordsflowing.Asthewordsbegintoflow,theideaswillcomefromtheshadowsandletthemselvesbecapturedonyournotepadoryourscreen. Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly.Mostlikely,youwillbelievethatthiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhaveandyouwillendupstaringblanklyatthepagesasthedeadlinedrawsnear. Insteadofstaringatablankstartfillingitwithwordsnomatterhowbad.Halfwaythroughyouavailabletime,stopandreworkyourrawwritingintosomethingclosertofinishedproduct.Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftimeandthefinalresultwillmostlikelybefarbetterthanyourcurrentpractices. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 57.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans________. A)noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical B)theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant C)theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother D)onecannotusethematthesametime(D) 58.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________. A)puttingtheirideasinrawform B)attemptingtoeditastheywrite C)ignoringgrammaticalsoundness D)tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts(B) 59.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting? A)Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically. B)Tochooseanappropriatetopic. C)Togetone’sideasdown. D)Tocollectrawmaterials.(C) 60.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat________. A)itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind B)ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards C)itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism D)itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly(B) 61.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess? A)Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape. B)Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas. C)Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim. D)Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve.(A) 这是一篇语言较为平易的说明文，作者以简练、亲切、对话式的语言向读者阐述了自己的写作方法。全文共五段，开篇以I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife一句点明作者是位经验丰富的作家，开门见山，在读者心目中树立了权威，为后文介绍的写作方法被读者接受铺平了道路。作者随后马不停蹄提出了第一点写作方法，Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind，即批判思维与创造思维不能同时共存。按照常理来讲，这句话是应该与前文断开、自成一段的，原因是它与前文实际上是总分关系。不过由于文章的平易性和闲散性，作者也就对此未做过高要求。 第二段具体说明解决批判思维与创造思维的关系问题的方法：使用创造思维在前，使用批判思维在后：Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticize。 第三段介绍了运用创造思维的具体方法：freewriting，自由写作;第四、五段具体讲解批判思维的使用方法。 57.Whentheauthorsaysthecreativemindandthecriticalmind“cannotworkinparallel”(Line4,Para.1)inthewritingprocess,hemeans________. A)noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses B)theycannotberegardedasequallyimportant C)theyareinconstantconflictwitheachother D)onecannotusethematthesametime 题目问作者所讲的写作过程中的创造思维与批判思维cannotworkinparallel是什么意思。 文章的第二段论述了创造性思维与批判性思维的关系问题。从最后一句结语Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis可清晰地看出，在应用这二种思维时，必须首先使用创造性思维，而后再使用批判性思维。意思就是二者不可同时使用。 A，一个人不可能既会用创造性思维又会用批判性思维。noonecanbebothcreativeandcritical的意思是一个人身上不同时具备这二种思维能力，而不是不能同时使用这二者。作者在文中讨论先运用创造思维、后运用批判思维的问题，那么一个人肯定是具有这两种思维能力的。A的解释不对。 B，二者的重要性不可等量齐观。从上下文来看，作者从未对二者孰重孰轻做出评判，而只是讨论了先后问题。 C，二者始终处于与对方斗争冲突的状态。从文中论述可知，只有当人们想同时使用二者时，这二者才会发生冲突，如果一前一后使用则不会。所以并不能说始终处于冲突状态。因此这个选项的论断不正确。 D，一个人不能同时运用这二种思维，这一点与文中的Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticize相符。 58.Whatpreventspeoplefromwritingonis________. A)puttingtheirideasinrawform B)attemptingtoeditastheywrite C)ignoringgrammaticalsoundness D)tryingtocapturefleetingthoughts 题目问妨碍人们实现流畅写作的是什么? 文章第二段讲到了这个问题。开头ThepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwriteiswhatElbowcalls“freewriting.”一句具体指出了写作时的坏习惯——尝试修改(edit)，而解决办法则是freewriting。后文做了两个假设，即在想法初现的时候考虑语法问题和想法初现就不做修改与人分享，这二种情形的结果都不理想。段末指出了解决方案：先不受影响地创造出想法，然后运用批判思维进行修改。 A，把原始的粗糙想法拿来与人分享。文中提到puttingtheirideasinrawform时是要强调想法如果不进行修改则不会被人理解，想法能够写下来实际上已经是流畅写作的结果了，也就不存在妨碍问题。 B，在写作时试图进行修改。Thepracticethatcanhelpyoupastyourlearnedbadhabitsoftryingtoeditasyouwrite，这句话指出边写边修改是写作的坏习惯，与B的说法一致。 C，忽略语法错误。从第二段举出的第一个假设可知，忽略语法错误恰好是实现流畅写作的方法，而非妨碍因素。 D，设法抓住稍纵即逝的想法。，文中提到correctyourgrammarwhileyouare主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses tryingtocaptureafleeting(稍纵即逝的)thought,thethoughtwilldie，意思是写作时如果想要纠正语法，那么想法很可能会消失。抓住稍纵即逝的想法实际上是写作的第一步，而修改语法是其妨碍因素。 59.Whatisthechiefobjectiveofthefirststageofwriting? A)Toorganizeone’sthoughtslogically. B)Tochooseanappropriatetopic. C)Togetone’sideasdown. D)Tocollectrawmaterials. 题目问写作第一个步骤的主要目标是什么。 从某种角度来看，文章论述的其实就写作的顺序问题。文章前半部分分析了创造性思维与批评性思维的关系，推出了必须先运用创造性思维记下想法而后再运用批判性思维进行修改的观点(Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingthatitis)。后半部分对如何运用创造性思维和批判性思维进行了具体描述。那么根据文意，写作的第一步就是运用创造性思维把观点记下来，记下来的方法就是freewriting，即想到哪里就记到哪里。 A，把想法有逻辑性地组织起来。Freewriting的方法就是要把想法自由记下，而不作修改，而要做到“有逻辑性地”组织，显然应是进行了修改，是批判性思维的结果。因此A不对。 B，选择一个适当的题目。全文没有提到选择题目问题。 C，记下想法，与前面的分析一致，是正确的。 D，收集原始材料。文章也没有提到材料收集问题。 60.Onecommonconcernofwritersabout“freewriting”isthat________. A)itoverstressestheroleofthecreativemind B)ittakestoomuchtimetoeditafterwards C)itmaybringabouttoomuchcriticism D)itdoesnothelpthemtothinkclearly 题目问作家们进行“自由写作”时遇到的共同问题是什么。文章第三段对freewriting的方法进行了具体说明，之后两段则指出自由写作的结果是花费很多时间来进行修改。从第四段的thiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhave，到第四段的Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftime，写作者必须和时间赛跑，才能在时间用完时将文章修改完毕。因此，作家们的共同问题应该是修改时间过紧。 A，它过于强调创造思维。强调创造思维是自由写作本身的特点，这个不是问题，因过于强调而造成的修改时间过多才是问题。 B，用来修改的时间过多。这一说法符合我们前面所做的分析。 C，它会引来太多的批评。根据文意，正确的说法应该是会引来太多需要运用批判思维进行修改的地方。 D，自由写作不能帮助作家清楚地思考。自由写作的特点是帮助作家把最初最原始的想法记录下来，这一步并不要求清楚地思考，也就不对作家们构成问题。“清楚地思考”要留待第二步——批判思维来实现。 61.Inwhatwaydoesthecriticalmindhelpthewriterinthewritingprocess? A)Itrefineshiswritingintobettershape.主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses B)Ithelpshimtocomeupwithnewideas. C)Itsavesthewritingtimeavailabletohim. D)Itallowshimtositonthesideandobserve. 题目问批判性思维在作家的写作过程中起到了什么作用。相关内容在最后二段。倒数第二段第一句Nowyouhaverawmaterialsthatyoucanbegintoworkwithusingthecriticalmindthatyou’vepersuadedtositonthesideandwatchquietly，指出在获得前期资料后，即是运用批判性思维的时候。下一段整段对如何运用批判性思维进行了描述，从中可以发现批判性思维的主要作用是对文章草稿进行修改、精炼。 A，它使文章更加成形。也就是对文章草稿进行修改、精炼的意思，符合最后一段对批判思维的描述。 B，它能使作家产生新的想法。根据文意，批判思维是对现有想法的修改，不会产生新的想法。 C，它可以节省作者的写作时间。倒数第二段提到thiswilltakemoretimethanyouactuallyhave，意思是在运用批判思维前很可能会发现时间不够用，那么批判思维有没有节省时间呢?从“Movebackandforthuntilyourunoutoftime……”这最后一句话可以看出，即便运用批判性思维，还是把所有的时间都用光了。因此并没有节省时间。 D，它可使作者坐下来审视文章。坐下来审视文章的意思就是运用批判性思维本身，不能说本身会对本身起到什么作用。PassageTwo Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain.Therewasatimeinmylifewhenpeopleaskedconstantlyforstoriesaboutwhatit’sliketoworkinafielddominatedbymen.IwasneververygoodattellingthosestoriesbecausetruthfullyIneverfoundtheminteresting.WhatIdofindinterestingistheoriginoftheuniverse,theshapeofspace-timeandthenatureofblackholes. At19,whenIbeganstudyingastrophysics,itdidnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom.ButwhileearningmyPh.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme.Myeveryachievement—jobs,researchpapers,awards—wasviewedthroughthelensofgender(性别)politics.Soweremyfailures.Sometimes,whenIwaspushedintoanargumentonleftbrainversus(相对于)rightbrain,ornatureversusnurture(培育),Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind. Thenonedayafewyearsago,outofmymouthcameasentencethatwouldeventuallybecomemyreplytoanyandallprovocations:Idon’ttalkaboutthatanymore.Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19andtorealizethatIdidn’twanttodealwithgenderissues.Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory. TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmayofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45.Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren.AndIdon’tdismissthoseconcerns.Still,Idon’ttellthem“war”stories.Instead,Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments.Andinturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience.Andthat’sasightworthtalkingabout. 62.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain? A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields. B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination. C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind. D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant 63.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________. A)theveryfactthatsheisawoman B)herinvolvementingenderpolitics C)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicist D)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety 64.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch? A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience. B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle. C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists. D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured. 65.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass? A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues. B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence. C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents. D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore. 66.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest? A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration. B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess. C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily. D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer. 这是一篇与性别歧视有关的文章，讲的是女性应该如何面对性别歧视的问题。作者以第一人称的形式，以亲身的经历来说明女性在面对性别歧视时应该采取不屑一顾的态度。 全文一共四个大段，开篇为Idon’teverwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain，以“again”一词造成悬疑，引起读者对原因的探究，而后整个第一段叙述了相对于这一again的上一次作者面对性别问题时的态度;并解释了原因是兴趣不在于此(Ineverfoundtheminteresting)。 第二段开始初步为“again”释疑，叙述了作者从最初对性别问题的超然态度(it主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses didnotbothermeintheleasttobetheonlywomanintheclassroom)转变为积极捍卫女性利益态度(Iwouldinstantlyfightfiercelyonmybehalfandallwomankind)的过程。 第三段进一步为“again”释疑，叙述作者重又悟出应回归超然态度的心理经历。从Whyshouldcuringsexismbeyetanotherterribleburdenoneveryfemalescientist?Afterall,Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory这一问一答可以看出，虽然多年过去，但作者用以对付性别问题这一心理重担的利器依然是兴趣(don’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory)。 最后一段叙述了作者重归超然态度后如何教导学生正确地面对性别问题。在有些学生因性别问题(如何在科学研究和生儿育女间的愿望之间做出选择)而忧虑时，作者以身言教(heavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments)，告诉学生们应该忘记性别问题。作者的表率起了作用，像她们的老师一样，学生们把精力完全放在了兴趣上面(45womendrivenbyaloveofscience)。 文章的内容虽然涉及了社会问题，但切入角度是主观第一人称，语言修辞上更为接近散文(essay)的风格，所以相对于议论文、说明文较容易理解。 62.Whydoesn’ttheauthorwanttotalkaboutbeingawomanscientistagain? A)Shefeelsunhappyworkinginmale-dominatedfields. B)Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination. C)Sheisnotgoodattellingstoriesofthekind. D)Shefindsspaceresearchmoreimportant. 这道题某权威机构给的答案是B，Sheisfedupwiththeissueofgenderdiscrimination，我认为这个结论有待商榷。 题目问作者为什么不想再一次谈论作为一个女科学家的感受。四个选项的意思是： A，工作在一个男性主导的领域里让她感到不快乐。 B，她对性别歧视问题感到厌倦了。 C，她不善于讲述此类故事。 D，她发现太空研究更为重要。 文章第一段就讲述了作者不愿再评论自己作为女科学家的事实。这一段的意思是这样的： 我不想再一次谈论我作为女性科学家的事情。在我的人生中，有那么一段时间，人们总是问我，在一个被男性主导的领域中工作都会发生什么故事。我从来都不善于给他们讲述那些故事，因为，说真的，我觉得那些故事一点意思也没有。让我觉得有意思的是宇宙的起源，时空的形状，和黑洞的本质。 结合全文来看，第二段叙述作者曾经陷入女性主义的炽热情绪当中，而后作者用了10年时间回归了对性别问题的超然态度(Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19)，这也是题目中使用again的原因。第二段最后一句：Idon’tstudysociologyorpoliticaltheory，我不是研究社会学或者政治理论的，体现出作者把性别问题归于学术或政治问题，而女性作为当事人不应参与其中的态度。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 显然，文中没有提到她在男性主导的领域中工作高兴与否，对于性别歧视问题，作者只是因对问题本身兴趣不大，而不善于讲述。作者的态度显而易见，她对性别问题表示了不屑一顾，也就不存在B所说的厌烦了的问题。这样ABC都可以排除，D说她发现太空研究更为重要，与第一段最后一句话意思相符。 63.FromParagraph2,wecaninferthatpeoplewouldattributetheauthor’sfailuresto________. A)theveryfactthatsheisawoman B)herinvolvementingenderpolitics C)herover-confidenceasafemaleastrophysicist D)theburdenshebearsinamale-dominatedsociety 题目问从第二段可以推断出人们把作者的失败归于什么。 A，她是一个女人的事实。 B，她参与了性别政治。 C，她作为女天体物理学家的过于自信。 D，在男性主导的社会中她身负重担。 第二段讲的是作者对性别问题的态度由不在乎转变为热情关注的过程。19岁时完全超脱(itdidnotbothermeintheleast)，麻省理工求学及之后研究时开始受到干扰(theissuestartedtobotherme)，这种干扰就是作者所有的成就：工作、研究论文、获奖，都受到性别偏见这副有色眼镜的过滤(viewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics)，而后作者写了一句Soweremyfailures，so在这里是代指，指代viewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics，即myfailureswerealsoviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics，意思就是人们是从性别政治的角度看待她的失败，也就是认为她的失败是由性别偏见引起的。这样的话，符合这个意思的只有A。 B所说的她参与了性别政治是个迷惑选项。参与性别政治是指为女性利益奔走呼号，第二段末尾也确实提到了作者的女性主义热情，但这是性别歧视发生之后才可以进行的，否则，如果没有发生歧视，奋力捍卫女性的利益的缘由就不存在了。而作者的失败，如果是因性别问题而起的话，则是早于失败之前就已经发生作用了。因此从逻辑上讲，作者自己的失败应该是先于参与捍卫女性利益发生的，后者不可能成为前者发生的原因。 64.WhatdidtheauthorconstantlyfightagainstwhiledoingherPh.D.andpost-doctoralresearch? A)Lackofconfidenceinsucceedinginspacescience. B)Unfairaccusationsfrombothinsideandoutsidehercircle. C)People’sstereotypedattitudetowardfemalescientists. D)Widespreadmisconceptionsaboutnatureandnurtured. 题目问作者在攻读哲学博士和进行博士后研究时要同什么进行不断地斗争。 四个选项中，A说是缺少在太空科学领域成功的信心。文章提到了作者失去信心的问题，Ittookme10yearstogetbacktheconfidenceIhadat19，但这个信心是作者在面对世人对女性偏见时有信心不予理睬，而不是科研领域的信心。 B说是来自她的圈内圈外的不公平指责。世人戴着性别的有色眼镜看她(wasviewedthroughthelensofgenderpolitics)，但这也仅仅是一种态度罢了，还没到指责、责难的地步。所以B的说法不能算对。 C说是人们对女性科学家的固有态度。文中第二段从Butwhileearningmy主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses Ph.D.atMITandthenasapost-doctordoingspaceresearch,theissuestartedtobotherme这句开始，讲述了作者面对世人成见时如何挺身而出、为女性仗义执言。这也就是C所表达的意思。 D说是对自然与培育的广泛误解。根据第二段，natureversusnurture的问题是作者与人争论的话题之一，是诸多对女性的成见之一，文中具体举出的例子就另有leftbrainversusrightbrain。而作者要斗争的是所有遭受的成见，D所说的这其中一种成见不可能是题目所说的整个时期内一直都要斗争的对象。 65.Whydoestheauthorfeelgreatsatisfactionwhentalkingaboutherclass? A)Femalestudentsnolongerhavetobotheraboutgenderissues. B)Herstudents’performancehasbroughtbackherconfidence. C)Herfemalestudentscandojustaswellasmalestudents. D)Morefemalestudentsarepursuingsciencethanbefore. 题干问作者谈到她的班级时为何流露出满意之情。 与题目相关的原文是这样的：TodayIresearchandteachatBarnard,awomen’scollegeinNewYorkCity.Recently,someoneaskedmehowmanyofthe45studentsinmyclasswerewomen.Youcannotimaginemysatisfactionatbeingabletoanswer,45，汉译为：我现在在纽约一所女子大学Barnard做研究和教书，最近有人问我，我的班级里45名学生中有多少个女生。你想象不到我能够回答“45个”时的满意之情。 从前文的叙述可以知道，作者一直需要面对的问题是在男性主导的领域女性太少的问题。19岁时，她是班里唯一的女生(theonlywomanintheclassroom)，做研究后，人们总是问她在一个男性主导的领域里工作的情形(theonlywomanintheclassroomworkinafielddominatedbymen)。可见，在作者研究的领域里，女生是很少的，而现在班里45人全部是女生，作者很有可能是为在自己研究的领域里出现了这么多的女性而感到满意。在这里作者使用了Beabletoanswer而不直接用answer，暗含以前是不可能说出这样的数字的。这个词组的选用也暗示了作者是在为数字的由少到多而满意。 A，女生不再为性别问题而烦恼。最后一段有一句话：Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren，意思是作者知道有些学生还是为科研与家庭之间如何平衡而忧虑。这一叙述与A不符。 B，她的学生的表现使她重拾信心。文中没有提到她的学生表现如何。 C，她的女学生能与男学生做得一样好。文中没有类似的叙述。 D，追求科学研究的女生比以前多了。这一描述符合上文的分析。 66.Whatdoestheimagetheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest? A)Womenstudentsneedn’thavetheconcernsofhergeneration. B)Womenhavemorebarriersontheirwaytoacademicsuccess. C)Womencanbalanceacareerinscienceandhavingafamily. D)Womennowhavefewerproblemspursuingasciencecareer. 题目问作者展示给学生们的图景意味着什么。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 文章的最后一段讲到了作者曾给学生展示过一个怀孕教师坚持做物理试验的图景。相关原文是：Ihavegiventhemthis:thevisualoftheirphysicsprofessorheavilypregnantdoingphysicsexperiments，身怀六甲的物理教授依然在做物理实验。而这一行为的前因后果在第四段中也描述得很清楚。在这句话之前，作者给出了原因：Iknowsomeofmystudentsworryhowtheywillmanagetheirscientificresearchandadesireforchildren，一些学生担心不能很好地处理科研与生育孩子之间的平衡。作者为了消除学生们的担忧，便展示了这个图景。而在这句话之后，作者给出了结果：inturntheyhavegivenmetheimageof45womendrivenbyaloveofscience，45个学生完全投入到科学之爱中。从这些前因后果可以看出，作者之所以展示这一图景，就是为了打消学生对于生育孩子会否影响科学研究的忧虑。 A，女生们无须为教授的怀孕担忧。这一图景的直接信号是要告诉女生们无须为教授担心，而传达的意义则是无须为她们自己生育孩子担心，而题目问的是“意味”着什么，因此A的说法不对。 B，女性在通往学术成功的道路上会遇到更多的障碍。教授展示此图景的目的就是为了告诉学生们怀孕并不会对科研造成什么障碍，所以B不对。 C，女性可以在科研和拥有家庭之间很好地平衡。符合前面的分析。 D，现在的女性在追求科研生涯时遇到的问题较以前少。应该说怀孕问题确实是一个问题，只是作者的观点在于不把这一问题看做是障碍而已。D的说法不对。PassageOne Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. ReachingnewpeaksofpopularityinNorthAmericaisIcebergWater,whichisharvestedfromicebergsoffthecoastofNewfoundland,Canada. ArthurvonWiesenberger,whocarriesthetitleWaterMaster,isoneofthefewwatercriticsinNorthAmerica.Asaboy,hespenttimeinthelargercitiesofItaly,FranceandSwitzerland,wherebottledwaterisconsumeddaily.Eventhen,hekeptawaterjournal,notingthebrandshelikedbest.“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater,”Hesays. Butisplaintapwaterallthatbad?Notatall.Infact,NewYork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.Similarly,amagazineinEnglandfoundthattapwaterfromtheThamesRivertastedbetterthanseveralleadingbrandsofbottledwaterthatwere400timesmoreexpensive. Nevertheless,soft-drinkcompaniesviewbottledwaterasthenextbattle-groundformarketshare—thisdespitethefactthatover25percentofbottledwatercomesfromtapwater:PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasaniarebothpurifiedtapwaterratherthanspringwater. Asdinersthirstforleadingbrands,bottlersandrestaurateurssalivate(垂涎)overtheprofits.Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’t主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses noticeorcare. Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater.AccordingtoanarticleinTheStreetJournal,someofthemoreshamelesstacticsincludeplacingattractivebottlesonthetableforavisualsell,listingbrandsonthemenuwithoutprices,andpouringbottledwaterwithoutevenaskingthedinersiftheywantit. Regardlessofhowit’ssold,thepopularityofbottledwatertapsintoourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57.WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage? A)Itisakindoficedwater. B)Itisjustplaintapwater. C)Itisakindofbottledwater. D)Itisakindofmineralwater.(C) 58.Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4Para.2),vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat________. A)plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinking B)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwater C)bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstaste D)dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste(B) 59.The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________. A)tapwaterfromtheThamesRiver B)famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystores C)PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasani D)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames(D) 60.Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater? A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits. B)Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense. C)Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable. D)Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable.(A) 61.Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular? A)Itismuchcheaperthanwine. B)Itisconsideredhealthier. C)Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople. D)Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket.(B) 这篇文章分析了瓶装水在北美十分流行的原因。 文章开篇引题，以IcebergWater为例，说明了瓶装水在北美的火热流行程度，为后文分析其流行的原因做好铺垫。第一段只有一句话，作者把reach谓语提前，使用倒装结构对IcebergWater达到流行顶点这一事实进行强调，这样IcebergWater置于句末，借以使用非限制性定语从句对这种瓶装水的来源进行描述。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 第二段马上指出了瓶装水流行的原因，但这是借一位瓶装水专家之口来指出媒体普遍的观点：mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater，含义是瓶装水明显优于自来水。 第二段的作用无疑是竖靶子以备批驳，第三段紧接着对这种观点进行了分析，并用源自泰晤士河的自来水比几种名牌瓶装水口感更佳为例进行了反驳。 在接下来的四段中，作者具体分析了瓶装水流行的真正原因。第四段有承上启下的作用，把百事和可口可乐公司作为例子，既以两家公司的瓶装水25%来源于自来水的事实继续反驳瓶装水优于自来水的观点，又以两家公司对瓶装水市场的重视引出瓶装水流行的真正原因。 第五、六段论证了售卖方式是瓶装水流行原因之一的观点，最后一段指出除售卖方式之外的其他原因(ourdesireforbetterhealth,ourwishtoappearcultivated,andevenalongingforlostpurity)。 57.WhatdoweknowaboutIcebergWaterfromthepassage? A)Itisakindoficedwater. B)Itisjustplaintapwater. C)Itisakindofbottledwater. D)Itisakindofmineralwater.(C) 本题问从文章可知IcebergWater指的是什么。 文章在开头即提到了IcebergWater，讲到它在北美的人气达到了新的高度，其源头是取自取自加拿大纽芬兰的冰川。从全篇来看，本文以瓶装水为论述的核心，说明其在当今社会的火爆程度，这与开头所述IcebergWater人气达到新高的叙述意义一致。而在提到IcebergWater之后的第二段，文章紧接着介绍了一位瓶装水专业人士对瓶装水流行原因的看法。由此来看，IcebergWater很可能是一种瓶装水，文章以它来开头有引出论题的作用。 A说是一种冰水，B说是一种普通自来水，C说是一种瓶装水，D说是一种矿物质水。 C是正确答案。 58.Bysaying“Mydogcouldtellthedifferencebetweenbottledandtapwater”(Line4Para.2),vonWiesenbergerwantstoconveythemessagethat________. A)plaintapwateriscertainlyunfitfordrinking B)bottledwaterisclearlysuperiortotapwater C)bottledwateroftenappealsmoretodogstaste D)dogscanusuallydetectafinedifferenceintaste 这句话的意义必须结合上下文来理解。这句话出现在第二段，这一段的意思是： Wiesenberger享有饮用水大师的称号，且是北美不多的几位饮用水评论家之一。他小时候曾居住在意大利、法国和瑞士较大的城市中，在这些地方，人们每天都要消费瓶装水。他在那时就订了一份饮用水杂志，留心记下他最喜爱的瓶装水牌子。“我的狗都能分出瓶装水跟自来水的区别。”他说道。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 从这段描述中可以看出，这位饮用水大师自小就对瓶装水兴趣浓厚，甚至为了追踪最喜爱的牌子特意保有一份水杂志。作者的这些叙述显然传达了一个信息：瓶装水可谓是此人的至爱。那么在这种隐含意义下，他所说的瓶装水与自来水的区别决不真正是二者的实在区别，而是要突出瓶装水要优于自来水;连狗都能分辨这种区别，这是一种夸张说法，意在表明二者的差距之大。 A，自来水当然不适合饮用。从全文给出的信息来看，自来水是适合引用的，句意本身错误，同时也不符合该句的真实含义。 B，瓶装水显而易见地要优于自来水。此说法与前面的分析一致，是正确的。 C，瓶装水常常更符合狗的口味。Wiesenberger提到狗只是为了起到夸张的效果，并不是瓶装水真的更符合狗的口味。 D，狗一般能靠味觉发现细微的差别。此项犯的错误与C一样。 59.The“fancierbrands”(Line3Para.5)refersto________. A)tapwaterfromtheThamesRiver B)famouswinesnotsoldinordinarystores C)PepsiCo’sAquafinaandCoca-Cola’sDasani D)expensivebottledwaterwithimpressivenames 题目问fancierbrands指的是什么。 Fancier应该是fancy的比较级，fancy有“别致、价格高昂的”的意思，brands指品牌。理解它具体的含义还是要看上下文。 这个词组出现在Arestaurant’stypicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent,whereasonbottledwaterit’soften300to500percent.Butsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare一句中，意思是：饭店一般把酒价标高100%到150%，而瓶装水常常会达到300%到500%。不过水要比酒便宜得多，同时许多fancierbrands在商店里买不到，因此用餐者就没有注意或者并不在乎。 从最后一句结论可以推测，fancierbrands很有可能是更贵的水品牌，因为如果这些奢侈牌子在商店里买不到，人们就无从知道它的合理价格，即便到了饭店以高价挨宰(标高500%)，他们也并不知情，也就注意不到或不会在乎。只有这样逻辑才能通顺。四个选项分别是： A，源自泰晤士河的自来水 B，不在普通商店中出售的名牌葡萄酒。 C，百事的Aquafina和可口可乐的Dasani。 D，拥有别致名字的昂贵瓶装水。 四个选项中D符合上文的分析。 60.Whyaresomerestaurantsturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater? A)Bottledwaterbringsinhugeprofits. B)Competitionfromthewineindustryisintense. C)Mostdinersfindbottledwateraffordable. D)Bottledwatersatisfieddiners’desiretofashionable 首先了解turnupthepressure的意思，turnup有“提高”的意思，如turnuptheradio，提高收音机的音量。turnupthepressure就是加大压力、加大力度的意思。这样题意就是“一些饭店加大力度售卖瓶装水的原因是什么”。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 文中有Asaresult,somerestaurantsareturningupthepressuretosellbottledwater一句，asaresult是“所以、因此”的意思，说明前文已经说明了加大力度的原因，答案需要到前一段去找。 上一段首先提到饭店对销售品牌瓶装水的利润垂涎三尺(restaurateurssalivateovertheprofits)，而后具体说明了其之所以能实现超额利润的原因：消费者对瓶装水合理价格水平一无所知。由此可以推断，饭店大力售卖瓶装水的原因就应该是高额利润的诱使。 A，瓶装水可以带来巨额利润。符合上面的分析。 B，来自酒业的竞争十分激烈。文中提到酒业(typicalmark-uponwineis100to150percent)只是为了突出瓶装水的利润丰厚，没有提到二者存在竞争问题。 C，大多数就餐者认为瓶装水的价格可以接受。文中提到就餐者对价格的反应时是这样叙述的：mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare，意思是他们不知道瓶装水的真实价格，因此没有注意或不在乎。但饭店老板不会因为自己商品的价格可以被消费者接受而热衷于售卖，这个价格中含有暴利才是原因。 D，瓶装水满足了就餐者喜欢时尚的需求。文章最后一段解释了瓶装水流行的其他原因，其中有它满足了ourwishtoappearcultivated，与D的说法稍有接近，但这是从消费者的角度进行的分析，不是饭店老板热衷于售卖瓶装水的原因。 61.Accordingtopassage,whyisbottledwatersopopular? A)Itismuchcheaperthanwine. B)Itisconsideredhealthier. C)Itappealstomorecultivatedpeople. D)Itismorewidelypromotedinthemarket. 题目问根据文意瓶装水为什么如此流行。 文章的最后一段对此做出了说明，直译如下： 不算其销售方式，饮用瓶装水能够满足我们对健康的更高追求，满足对更有教养的形象的追求，甚至对水的纯净度的追求。 从这段话可以看出，销售方式(howit’ssold，即第五六、段的分析)是瓶装水流行的一个因素，此外就是文末的三种因素：更高健康、更好形象和纯净度。 A认为原因是瓶装水比酒便宜。这是第五段的内容：waterismuchcheaperthanwine，不过这里提到水更便宜是为了解释人们为何没有注意到瓶装水价格的虚高。 B认为原因是人们认为它更为健康，符合另三种因素的第一个：更高健康。 C认为原因是它能吸引更有教养的人。文中所说的对更有教养的形象的追求(ourwishtoappearcultivated)，是指一个人企望比以前的自己显得更有教养，而不是瓶装水对更有教养的人群的吸引力比对一般教养的人吸引力更大。 D认为原因是它在市场中得到了更大的推广。瓶装水得到了更大的推广，其意思等同于瓶装水流行，一个句子不能用它本身来解释本身。PassageTwo Aswehaveseen,thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors,suchaspooreatinghabits,smoking,andfailuretoexercise.The主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses lineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther.Imagineapersonwhoisabouttherightweight,butdoesnoteatverynutritious(有营养的)foods,whofeelsOKbutexercisesonlyoccasionally,whogoestoworkeveryday,butisnotanoutstandingworker,whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk,andwhohasnochestpainsorabnormalbloodcounts,butsleepsalotandoftenfeelstired.Thispersonisnotill.Hemaynotevenbeatriskforanyparticulardisease.Butwecanimaginethatthispersoncouldbealothealthier. Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well.”Inrecentyears,however,somehealthspecialistshavebeguntoapplytheterms“well”and“wellness”onlytothosewhoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth.Peoplewhoarewellareconcernedwithnutritionandexercise,andtheymakeapointofmonitoringtheirbody’scondition.Mostimportant,perhaps,peoplewhoarewelltakeactiveresponsibilityforallmattersrelatedtotheirhealth.Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicap(缺陷)maybe“well,”inthisnewsense,iftheymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations.“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife. 62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________. A)keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalcondition B)monitoringpatients’bodyfunctions C)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabits D)ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being 63.Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________. A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingill B)drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmful C)regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfit D)preventionismoredifficultthancure(B) 64.Traditionally,apersonisconsidered“well”ifhe________. A)doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabits B)doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicaps C)isabletohandlehisdailyroutines D)isfreefromanykindofdisease(D) 65.Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof“wellness”isforpeople________. A)tobestsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneeds B)tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealth主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses C)tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealth D)tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure(B) 66.Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy? A)Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures. B)Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease. C)Peoplewhotrytobeaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations. D)Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.(C) 这篇文章讲述了当今社会“健康”概念的新发展。全文比较少见地一共只有两大段(很有可能是英文原版文章的节选)，第一段开头介绍了当今社会人们医疗观念的转变，即人们关注的焦点正在从治疗转变为预防。这一现象是众所周知的，作者可以借此不动声色地引出了文章的论题——健康观念的转变问题。在此之后，作者立即把笔锋指向正题，提出这种观念上的转变其实还可以探究得更为深入(Thelineofthoughtinvolvedinthisshiftcanbepursuedfurther)。在第一段的其余部分，作者使用了一系列does……but句型，对一种健康状态进行了具体的描述，最后指出这种程度上的“健康”其实还有改善的余地(couldbealothealthier)。 第一段完成了对一种健康但又不够健康的状态的具体描述，第二段开头则指出传统观念未对notill(不得病)和excellenthealth(身体极佳)进行区分，都称为健康(well)，那么读到这里，显然可以判断第一段描述的是notill这一概念。 此后作者提出一种观点，即只有那些积极努力保持和改善健康状态的人(whoareactivelystrivingtomaintainandimprovetheirhealth)才可称是“健康的”(well)或达到了“健康状态”(wellness)。之后作者分别对well和wellness作了具体的解释。62.Todaymedicalcareisplacingmorestresson________. A)keepingpeopleinahealthyphysicalcondition B)monitoringpatients’bodyfunctions C)removingpeople’sbadlivinghabits D)ensuringpeople’spsychologicalwell-being 题目问当今的医疗正更为注重什么。这道题较为简单。文章开头说道：thefocusofmedicalcareinoursocietyhasbeenshiftingfromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease—especiallyintermsofchangingourmanyunhealthybehaviors，意思是社会的医疗焦点正从治病变为防病，尤其是在改变人们不健康的行为方面。Shifting是转变的意思，使用了进行时态，与题目中的placing一样，说明这种转变正在发生之中。而题目中的more一词可以体现出“转变”的含义。(C) 四个题支的意思是： A，使人们的身体状况保持健康状态。 B，跟踪监控病人的身体机能。 C，祛除人们坏的生活习惯。 D，保证人们的心理健康。 A和D分别讲的生理健康和心理健康，在文中没有提到过心理健康问题，可以排除D，而A所说的“保持健康状态”较为空泛，可以把第一段提到的治病(curingdisease)和防病(preventing主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses disease)都包括进去，但文中的转变恰恰是治病与防病之间的转变，这个意思在A中无法体现出来。 B专指病人(patients)，讲的是医生对病人的治疗问题，而全篇文章中心思想是无病的人如何才算得到真正的健康，与病人的治疗无关。 C讲的是祛除坏习惯，与changingourmanyunhealthybehaviors意思接近，unhealthybehviors在很大程度上可以是不健康的生活习惯。 63.Inthefirstparagraph,peopleareremindedthat________. A)goodhealthismorethannotbeingill B)drinking,evenifnottoexcess,couldbeharmful C)regularhealthchecksareessentialtokeepingfit D)preventionismoredifficultthancure 题目问在第一段中，人们受到何种教导。 A，好健康不仅仅是没有得病。第一段在上半部分指出在医疗焦点的转变问题上，可以讨论得更为深入一点(canbepursuedfurther)，而后以类似于汉语里的排比句的形式列举了某种健康状态的具体表现，最后以Thispersonisnotill(无病)、thispersoncouldbealothealthier(可以更健康)结尾，作者的意图非常好明显，好健康远不止是不得病。A的说法正确。 B，饮酒，即便不过量，也是对身体有害的。文中关于饮酒的叙述是这样的：whodrinksafewbeersathomemostnightsbutdoesnotdrivewhiledrunk，意思是这个人多数夜晚都在家里喝些啤酒，但从不酒后驾车，afewbeers可以看做是没有过量的喝酒，否则就会用alotof。第一段结尾对这个人的评价是Thispersonisnotill，意即不算十分健康，但也不会得病。这句话说明作者没有把适度喝酒看做是不健康的行为，因此B的说法不对。 C，定期进行身体检查对保持健康是必要的。第一段中没有出现身体检查的内容。 D，预防比治疗更加困难。文章提到预防与治疗是说人们在医疗上的关注点从治疗转变到了预防(fromcuringdiseasetopreventingdisease)，没有说哪一个更为困难。 64.Traditionally,apersonisconsidered“well”ifhe________. A)doesnothaveanyunhealthylivinghabits B)doesnothaveanyphysicalhandicaps C)isabletohandlehisdailyroutines D)isfreefromanykindofdisease 题目问传统上讲，一个人在何种情况下会被视为“健康的”(well)。可以看到第二段在开头提到了传统健康观点：Thefieldofmedicinehasnottraditionallydistinguishedbetweensomeonewhoismerely“notill”andsomeonewhoisinexcellenthealthandpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds.Bothtypeshavesimplybeencalled“well.”。这个句子的主语是医学界(Thefieldof主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses medicine)，谓语是“未作区分”，而后使用了一个between……and句型，引出未作区分的二个对象，第二个and之后的pays其主语依然是医学界，因为它使用了第三人称单数形式，和前面的has一致。副词traditionally限定了这段描述的对象是传统医疗观点。这句话的意思是传统医学界未对仅仅“没有得病”和“十分健康”做出区分，而把注意力放在了身体的特殊需求上。这二种情况都被称作了健康。 四个选项是： A，没有任何有害健康的生活习惯。根据文意，这应该是健康新观点的倡导之一。 B，没有任何生理缺陷。第二段解释“well”观点时提到了handicap，原意是说一个人只要努力追求健康，即使具有生理缺陷也可以是well。这里讲的健康新观点。B的说法错误。 C，能够处理好日常事务。文章最后一句话提到了dailylife，讲到wellness会对dailylife产生积极的影响，但这里的wellness同样属于新观点。 D，没有任何疾病。根据上面的分析，传统医学界没有就“没有得病”和“十分健康”做出区分，即二者完全相等，健康就是没有疾病。D的说法正确。65.Accordingtotheauthor,thetruemeaningof“wellness”isforpeople________. A)tobestsatisfytheirbody’sspecialneeds B)tostrivetomaintainthebestpossiblehealth C)tomeetthestricteststandardsofbodilyhealth D)tokeepaproperbalancebetweenworkandleisure 题目问根据作者的说法，wellness的真实含义是指人们要如何如何。第二段中间部分提到了某些健康专家的健康新观点，而后对well和wellness分别进行了解释。对wellness是这样解释的：“Wellness”mayperhapsbestbeviewednotasastatethatpeoplecanachieve,butasanidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor.Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes.Andbyfocusingattentiononhealthywaysofliving,theconceptofwellnesscanhaveabeneficialimpactonthewaysinwhichpeoplefacethechallengesofdailylife。这段话较易理解，大意为：最好不要把wellness看做是一种人们能够达到的状态，而应该是一种努力追求的理想。健康的人更能够抵御疾病侵袭，或在染病时能更好地与疾病抗争。Wellness的观念让人们把注意力集中在健康的生活方式上，在人们面对日常生活的挑战时，wellness的观念可以施加有益的影响。 A，最好地满足身体的特殊需求。第二段开头说到满足身体特殊需求(andpaysattentiontothebody’sspecialneeds)是传统医学界的观点，而不是新观点。 B，努力保持可能的最佳的健康状态。文中把wellness定义为anidealthatpeoplecanstrivefor，strivefor是“努力达到”的意思，与B的表述一致。Ideal是理想状况，可以理解为一种可能达到的最佳状况。B的说法正确。 C，满足身体健康的最为苛刻的标准。文章提到了wellness是一种理想，暗含不容易达到的意思，但理想而不易达到的不见得就是最苛刻的。同时文中也没有提出任何“标准”。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses D，在工作和休闲之间保持良好的平衡。某权威机构给出的答案即是D，应该是从文章最后一句话做出的判断。这句话意思是“Wellness的观念让人们把注意力集中在健康的生活方式上，在人们面对日常生活的挑战时，wellness的观念可以施加有益的影响”。也就是说，如果人们接受了wellness这种观念，就会更注重健康的生活方式，从而有利于人们应对日常生活的挑战。先看前半句，注重健康的生活方式，可以是不抽烟不喝酒，这与工作和休闲的关系无关。再看后半句，日常生活的挑战有可能是工作中的难题，而通过适当的休闲来更有效的应对这些难题的确是可能的。但是，日常生活的挑战也可以不是工作，同时，休闲也不见得就代表了wellness。从哪个方面讲，D的表述都无法说通。 66.Accordingtowhattheauthoradvocates,whichofthefollowinggroupsofpeoplewouldbeconsideredhealthy? A)Peoplewhohavestrongmusclesaswellasslimfigures. B)Peoplewhoarenotpresentlyexperiencinganysymptomsofdisease. C)Peoplewhotrytobeashealthyaspossible,regardlessoftheirlimitations. D)Peoplewhocanrecoverfromillnessevenwithoutseekingmedicalcare.(C) 题目问根据作者的主张，下列哪一种人将被视为是健康的。 A，肌肉发达同时身材苗条。肌肉发达同时又能保持苗条身材，很难想象这是一种什么样的人。至少文中对此未作任何描述。 B，当前没有任何疾病症状的人。没有疾病即notill，在第一段中已经notill的状况做了详细的描述，这是传统医学界的观点，而在文章中作者倡导的一定是关于健康的新观点。 C，尽全力追求健康的人，不论其自身有何局限。第二段中间部分曾讲到有缺陷的人也可以是健康的：Evenpeoplewhohaveaphysicaldiseaseorhandicapmaybe“well”，条件是theymakeanefforttomaintainthebestpossiblehealththeycaninthefaceoftheirphysicallimitations，即便面对身体局限，也要尽可能地保持最佳健康状况。这一句话正好与C的表述意思一致。 D，无须求助于医疗就能从疾病中恢复的人。文章末尾部分在具体解释wellness时举的例子包括与D的说法类似的内容：Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletoresistdiseaseandtofightdiseasewhenitstrikes，意思是健康的人更能抵抗疾病侵袭(抗病力强，不易得病)，得病后能更好地对抗疾病。后半句与D所说的内容有关，与前文联系起来看就是Peoplewhoarewellarelikelytobebetterabletofightdiseasewhenitstrikes(likely是“很可能”的意思。and后面的to一定是连接able，如果连接likely，意思就是“很可能会去对抗疾病”，意思上讲不通)，这里仅仅是说可能会更好地与疾病抗争，没有说不求助于医疗就能恢复。从likely(可能的)和better(更好的)这些词的使用来看，作者所指的健康的人应该不是无须医疗而自愈的铁人。PassageOne Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Communicationstechnologiesarefarfromequalwhenitcomestoconveyingthetruth.Thefirststudytocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationmediahasfundthatpeoplearetwiceaslikelytotellliesinphoneconversationsastheyareinemails.Thefactthatemailsareautomaticallyrecorded—andcancomebacktohaunt(困扰)you—appearstobethekeytothefinding. JeffHancockofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,asked30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek.Inittheynotedthenumberofconversationsoremailexchangestheyhadlastingmorethan10minutes,andconfessedtohowmanyliestheytold.Hancockthenworkedoutthenumberofliesperconversationfor主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses eachmedium.Hefoundthatliesmadeup14percentofemails,21percentofinstantmessages,27percentofface-to-faceinteractionsandanastonishing37percentofphonecalls. Hisresultstobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninVienna,Austria,inApril,havesurprisedpsychologists.Someexpectedemailerstobethebiggestliars,reasoningthatbecausedeceptionmakespeopleuncomfortable,thedetachment(非直接接触)ofemailingwouldmakeiteasiertolie.Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpractisedatthatformofcommunication. ButHancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread,andwhetheritoccursinrealtime.Peopleappeartobeafraidtoliewhentheyknowthecommunicationcouldlaterbeusedtoholdthemtoaccount,hesays.Thisiswhyfewerliesappearinemailthanonthephone. Peoplearealsomorelikelytolieinrealtime—inainstantmessageorphonecall,say—thaniftheyhavetimetothinkofaresponse,saysHancock.Hefoundmanyliesarespontaneous(脱口而出的)responsestoanunexpecteddemand,suchas:“Doyoulikemydress?” Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkourthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate.Forinstance,thephonemightbethebestmediumfoesaleswhereemployeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth.But,givenhisresult,workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 57.Hancock’sstudyfocuseson________. A)theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationsmedia B)thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideas C)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages D)people’shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia(D) 58.Hancock’sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelievedthat________. A)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages B)peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractions C)peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunication D)peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations(A) 59.Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication? A)Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies. B)Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy. C)Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia. D)Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication.(A) 60.AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpromotingsalesbecause________. A)salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomers主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses B)salesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerate C)salesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthy D)salesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively(B) 61.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________. A)honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunications B)moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployees C)suitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposes D)emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany(C) 这是一篇讲述交流途径与说谎频度的关系的文章。全文共6小段。第一段一共三句话，这三句话对全文内容进行了精炼的介绍。前两句指明有关研究(honestyacrossarangeofcommunicationmedia，交流媒介不同，诚实程度也不同)的成果：电话交流的说谎频度是电子邮件交流的二倍。最后一句指出了原因：电子邮件可被自动记录，并可以回查。文章随后的5段均是对有关研究的具体情形和现象背后的原因的详述。 第二段介绍了有关研究的详情：研究者(JeffHancock)，实验内容(30studentstokeepacommunicationsdiaryforaweek)，和实验结果(各种媒介的说谎率为14%——37%)。 第三段指出这个结果十分出人意料(surprisedpsychologists)，为下文进一步说明出现这种结果的原因做好了铺垫。 随后的第四、五段说明了原因，一个是对话可否被记录和再查(whetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread)，一个是对话是否为实时交流(whetheritoccursinrealtime)。 最后一段指出这一研究成果的用途(elpcompaniesworkourthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate)。 这种在开头先将核心内容和盘托出、随后进行详述的写法是典型的金字塔式写法，在欧美报纸上惯常出现，原因是人们浏览报纸的时间有限，一篇报道必须在开头就将文章大意向读者说明，否则行文拖沓，很可能会被读者抛之一旁。 57.Hancock’sstudyfocuseson________. A)theconsequencesoflyinginvariouscommunicationsmedia B)thesuccessofcommunicationstechnologiesinconveyingideas C)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages D)people’shonestylevelsacrossarangeofcommunicationsmedia(D) 题目问Hancock的研究集中于什么。文章第一段里讲到有项研究致力于比较不同交流媒介下人们的诚实度问题(Thefirststudytocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationmedia)，之后的第二段具体说明了这项研究的细节，该研究的发起人即JeffHancock。这样的话，Hancock的研究内容就是tocomparehonestyacrossarangeofcommunicationmedia。 A，在不同交流媒介中说谎的后果。Consequences是后果的意思，暗含的意思是在各个媒介中说谎会得到不同的惩罚。而文中研究的是指结果，相应的英文单词是results，这是区别所在。 B，交流技术在传达思想上的成功。文章没有讨论交流技术的成功问题。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses C，人们更少地在即时信息中说谎。这只是研究的结果之一。 D，在不同交流媒介下人们的诚实度。符合上面的分析。 58.Hancock’sresearchfindingsurprisedthosewhobelievedthat________. A)peoplearelesslikelytolieininstantmessages B)peopleareunlikelytolieinface-to-faceinteractions C)peoplearemostlikelytolieinemailcommunication D)peoplearetwiceaslikelytolieinphoneconversations(A) 题目问Hancock的研究发现使一些人感到吃惊，那些人认为…… 该研究发现使心理学家们感到吃惊的描述出现在第三段：Hisresults……havesurprisedpsychologists。在这句话之后，作者用Someexpected……othersexpected的句式叙述了这些人原来的两种看法，一是emailerstobethebiggestliars，在电子邮件中说谎最多，二是liemoreinface-to-faceexchanges，面对面交流中说谎更多。 A，人们在即时信息中说谎更少。文中给出的两种人的看法一种是电子邮件中说谎最多，另一种认为面对面交流说谎最多，无论这二者中哪一看法都把即时信息看做说谎相对较少的交流媒介，因此A是对的。 B，人们不太可能在面对面交流中说谎。liemoreinface-to-faceexchanges这句话已经指出，心理学家们认为面对面交流更有可能性，因此B的说法不对。 C，人们最可能在电子邮件中说谎。与emailerstobethebiggestliars的意思一致，但这只是some的看法，还有others的看法是liemoreinface-to-faceexchanges，而题目问的是those认为什么，这里的those应该是指some和others都包括在内的心理学家。因此C的说法是片面的。 D，人们有二倍的的可能性在电话中说谎。这是第一段中所述的Hancock的研究结果之一，而不是心理学家们原来的看法。 59.Accordingtothepassage,whyarepeoplemorelikelytotellthetruththroughcertainmediaofcommunication? A)Theyareafraidofleavingbehindtracesoftheirlies. B)Theybelievethathonestyisthebestpolicy. C)Theytendtoberelaxedwhenusingthosemedia. D)Theyaremostpractisedatthoseformsofcommunication.(A) 题目问根据文意，为什么人们通过某些交流媒介会更可能说真话。 文章分析研究结果的原因是在第四和第五段，两段分别指出两种原因，一个是对话可否被记录和再查(whetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread)，所说的话被记录的话，人们担心自己的谎话以后会成为把柄，因此更愿意讲真话;一个是对话是否为实时交流(whetheritoccursinrealtime)，在实时交流时没有过多思考的时间，一些谎话就脱口而出了(manyliesarespontaneous)。 A，他们担心留下谎话的记录。 B，他们认为诚实是最好的策略。 C，他们在使用这类媒介时容易放松。 D，他们在使用这类媒介时最为老练。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses A符合上面的分析，B和C在文中从来没有提过，D的说法出现在第三段：Othersexpectedpeopletoliemoreinface-to-faceexchangesbecausewearemostpractisedatthatformofcommunication，意思是另一些人认为面对面交流中撒谎更多是因为人们使用这种媒介最为熟练。首先这种看法是那些心理学家的看法，其本身是错误的。其次这句话讲的是说谎的原因，而题目问的则是说真话的原因。 60.AccordingtoHancockthetelephoneisapreferablemediumforpromotingsalesbecause________. A)salesmencantalkdirectlytotheircustomers B)salesmenmayfeellessrestrainedtoexaggerate C)salesmencanimpresscustomersasbeingtrustworthy D)salesmenmaypassoninstantmessageseffectively(B) 题目问据Hancock的看法，在做销售推广时，电话应是一种更受青睐的媒介，原因是什么。 在文章最后一段，Hancock提出他的研究成果可以应用于公司员工的交流(helpcompaniesworkourthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate)，而后具体举了两个例子，第一个例子说的就是做销售时最好使用电话，原因是employeesareencouragedtostretchthetruth。Beencouragedtodo是“更敢于做某事”的意思。更敢于做的事是stretchthetruth，stretch是伸展、拉长，truth是真相、真实情况，那么把真实情况拉长、扩展就是夸大其实的意思。所以原因应该就是销售员使用电话进行销售时更有勇气言过其实，过于夸大自己产品的好处。 A，销售员能够与客户直接对话。 B，销售员可感觉更敢于夸大其词。 C，销售员能够给客户一个值得信赖的印象。 D，销售员更能有效的传递即时信息。 可以看出B的说法符合文意。 61.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat________. A)honestyshouldbeencouragedininterpersonalcommunications B)moreemployerswilluseemailstocommunicatewiththeiremployees C)suitablemediashouldbechosenfordifferentcommunicationpurposes D)emailisnowthedominantmediumofcommunicationwithinacompany(C) 题目问从文章中可以推理出什么。这种题需要结合答案一项项排除。 A，在人际交流中应该鼓励诚实。从全文来看，文章论述的是不同媒介与诚实度的关系，而对是否应该诚实这种道德判断问题，作者没有涉及。从最后一段来看，作者鼓励在销售时使用电话以便更能夸大其词，由此可以看出作者是不看中诚实与否的问题的。 B，更多雇主会使用电子邮件与员工交流。最后一段Hancock举的第二个例子是鼓励人们使用电子邮件的：workassessmentwherehonestyisapriority,mightbebestdoneusingemail。意思是在做工作评估时最好采用电子邮件。但这一建议不是要求雇主们使用电子邮件，而是要求雇员们使用。原因在于最后一段第一句话已经给后面的两个例子做了限定：Hancockhopeshisresearchwillhelpcompaniesworkoutthebestwaysfortheiremployeestocommunicate，从fortheiremployeesto主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses communicate这句话可以看出，他的建议是针对employees(雇员)的。因此B的说法不对。 C，应针对不同的交流目的，采取合适的媒介。文章最后举了情况不同的两个例子，每个例子适宜使用的媒介也不同。这说明在特定情况下，应选用特定的交流媒介，与C的说法一致。 D，电子邮件目前是公司内主要交流媒介。文中没有提到这一点。PassageTwo Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocomeworkandlivehere?InthewakeoftheSept.11attacksthesequestionshaveneverseemedmorepressing. OnDec.11,2001,aspartoftheefforttoincreasehomelandsecurity,federalandlocalauthoritiesin14statesstaged“OperationSafeTravel”—raidsonairportstoarrestemployeeswithfalseidentification(身份证明).InSaltLakeCitytherewere69arrests.Butthosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists,mostofthemillegalimmigrantsfromCentralorSouthAmerica.Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworkers’illegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmail(讹诈)byterrorists. ManyimmigrantsinSaltLakeCitywereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods. MayorAndersonsaidthosefeelingswerejustifiedtoacertainextent.“We’resayingwewantyoutoworkintheseplaces,we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare,andthenwhenit’sconvenientforus,orwhenwecantrytomakeapointintermsofnationalsecurity,especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou’redisposable.Therearewholefamiliesbeinguprootedforallofthewrongreasons,”Andersonsaid. IfSept.11hadneverhappened,theairportworkerswouldnothavebeenarrestedandcouldhavegoneonquietlylivinginAmerica,probablyindefinitely.AnaCastro,amanagerataBen&Jerry’sicecreamshopattheairporthadbeenworking10yearswiththesamefalseSocialSecuritycardwhenshewasarrestedintheDecemberairportraid.Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeportation(驱逐出境).Castro’scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry’s. 62.Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobeanation________. A)composedofpeoplehavingdifferentvalues B)encouragingindividualpursuits C)sharingcommoninterests D)foundedonsharedideals(D) 63.HowdidtheimmigrantsinSaltLakeCityfeelabout“OperationSafeTravel”? A)Guilty. B)Offended.主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses C)Disappointed. D)Discouraged.(B) 64.Undocumentedworkersbecamethetargetof“OperationSafeTravel”because________. A)evidencewasfoundthattheywerepotentialterrorists B)mostofthemworkedatairportsunderthreatofterrorists C)terroristsmighttakeadvantageoftheirillegalstatus D)theywerereportedlyhelpinghideterroristsaroundtheairport(C) 65.Bysaying“...we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare”(Line2,Para.4),MayorAndersonmeans“________”. A)wewillturnablindeyetoyourillegalstatus B)wewillexaminethelawsinadifferentway C)thereareotherwaysofenforcingthelaw D)theexistinglawsmustnotbeignored(C) 66.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph? A)Shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater. B)Sheisallowedtostaypermanently. C)Hercasehasbeendropped. D)Herfateremainsuncertain.(D) 这是一篇时事报道性文章，讲述在美国911恐怖袭击发生之后政府对工作在机场而无有效身份证明的人进行突击逮捕，以及此事对被逮捕人的影响。作者以探讨的笔调行文，开头提出问题，全篇叙述事实，对开头的问题进行解释。文章呈现问题后没有提出解决方案，这与其时事性有关，根据文意，此事的发展尚待明朗，作者也很难做出深入的评判。值得称道的是，这篇文章在写法上另辟蹊径，把文中所述事件上升为一种美国理想与权利问题，并在开头就提出，既吸引读者眼球，又能激起民众的响应情绪，效果好于平铺直叙式的报道。 全文一共5段，开头没有直接叙述事件本身，而是提出与该事件相关的论题：Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocomeworkandlivehere?并指出911后该问题变得更为迫切，以此提起读者对为何如此的探询，有设置悬念的作用。 文章后四部分解决了这个悬念，第二段叙述了美国911恐怖袭击发生之后政府对工作在机场而无有效身份证明的人进行突击逮捕的经过，并引述了官方如此做法的原因(opentoblackmailbyterrorists，这些人易受恐怖分子胁迫)。 第三段简明交代了被逮捕人的反应：angerd(愤怒)，beingtreatedlikedisposablegoods(受到货物一样的对待)。接下来的第四段引用Anderson的话支持了被逮捕者的这种感受。最后一段用AnaCastro的例子说明被逮捕者的窘迫境遇，透露出此事发展尚待继续的信息(吸引读者继续关注)。62.Accordingtotheauthor,theUnitedStatesclaimstobeanation________. A)composedofpeoplehavingdifferentvalues B)encouragingindividualpursuits C)sharingcommoninterests主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses D)foundedonsharedideals(D) 题目问根据作者的说法，美国声称是一个什么样的国家。 第一道题的答案基本上都要到第一段去寻找。第一段的内容只有两句话，第一句是Inacountrythatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood,whoshouldbeallowedtocomeworkandlivehere?这里的thatdefinesitselfbyideals,notbysharedblood是一个较长的宾语从句，修饰country。根据后文可知，这里的country指的就是美国，那么题目问的美国是什么样的国家，其答案就是that后面表述的内容。definesitselfbyideals，以理想来定义自身，notbysharedblood而不是以共同的血统。意思就是美国是一个因理想而凝聚起来的国家，而不是因其国民属于同一血统同一种族。事实上也确实如此，美国是一个移民国家，大部分居民都是外来移民，大家怀揣着同一个梦想——美国梦。而多数国家的国民则属于同一血统，如德国人主要是日耳曼民族，日本主要是大和民族等。 A，由拥有不同价值观的人组成。 B，鼓励个人追求。 C，分享共同利益。 D，建立在共同的理想之上。 根据上文的分析，D的说法是正确的。 63.HowdidtheimmigrantsinSaltLakeCityfeelabout“OperationSafeTravel”? A)Guilty. B)Offended. C)Disappointed. D)Discouraged.(B) 题目问盐湖城的移民对OperationSafeTravel这一行动的感受如何。 第二段叙述了美国911恐怖袭击发生之后政府对工作在机场而无有效身份证明的人进行突击逮捕的经过之后，第三段用一句话给出了这些移民的感受：wereangeredbythearrestsandsaidtheyfeltasiftheywerebeingtreatedlikedisposablegoods。这里的关键词是angered，意思是“愤怒的”，可见移民的反应是愤怒。 A，guilty，内疚的。 B，offended。Offend是“使不高兴、不愉快、使恼怒”的意思，它的被动语态就是“不高兴、不愉快、恼怒”的意思。与angerd是同义词。 C，disappointed，失望的。 D，dicouraged。Dicourage是“使气馁”的意思，其被动形式就是“气馁的”。 B是正确答案。 64.Undocumentedworkersbecamethetargetof“OperationSafeTravel”because________. A)evidencewasfoundthattheywerepotentialterrorists B)mostofthemworkedatairportsunderthreatofterrorists C)terroristsmighttakeadvantageoftheirillegalstatus D)theywerereportedlyhelpinghideterroristsaroundtheairport(C)主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 题目问无入档工人成为OperationSafeTravel行动的目标，原因是什么。 A，发现证据证明他们是潜在的恐怖主义分子。 B，他们大多在机场工作，受到恐怖分子的威胁。 C，恐怖分子可能利用他们的非法身份。 D，据报他们在机场附近协助窝藏恐怖分子。 文章第二段叙述了美国911恐怖袭击发生之后政府对工作在机场而无有效身份证明的人进行突击逮捕的经过和结果，以及官方给出的如此做法的原因。thosecapturedwereanythingbutterrorists，这里的but表示“除了”，除了恐怖分子之外可以是anything(任何东西)，言下之意就是“绝对不是恐怖分子”。Anythingbut可以作为一个词组来记忆，意为“绝不是”。Authoritiessaidtheundocumentedworkers’illegalstatusmadethemopentoblackmail(讹诈)byterrorists，这一句解释了官方逮捕未入档工人的原因。Beopentoblackmail，是易受讹诈的意思，这里的open与vulnerable(脆弱的、易受攻击的)意思一致。易受讹诈的原因是illegalstatus，非法地位，联系起来可以明白大致的意思是：因为他们是非法移民，恐怖分子可能会利用这一点，以告发其身份为威胁，迫使他们与恐怖分子合作。 观察题支可以判断A和D都存在明显错误，B也提到他们会受到恐怖分子威胁，但要注意这里的underthreatof是“有……的危险”的意思，of后面接的是危险本身，如banksunderthreatofdowngrade，排名有降级的危险。Underthreatofterrorists本身的意义讲不通。而underthethreatof才是受到……的威胁的意思。所以说，B选项本身就存在意义表达错误，是一个迷惑选项。65.Bysaying“...we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare”(Line2,Para.4),MayorAndersonmeans“________”. A)wewillturnablindeyetoyourillegalstatus B)wewillexaminethelawsinadifferentway C)thereareotherwaysofenforcingthelaw D)theexistinglawsmustnotbeignored(C) 题目问Anderson说的“we’regoingtolooktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare”这句话的意思是什么。 从这个句子本身来看，looktheotherway意思是用一种方式看，intermsof是“就……而言”的意思，whatourlawsare，法律是什么。联系起来看就是“用另一种方式来看法律是什么的问题”。 从上下文来看，上一段讲到被逮捕者对这一事件的反应是愤怒，并称受到了货物一样的对待，第三段开头指出Anderson对他们的感受表示了支持。随后文章引用了Anderson的原话。 Anderson的这段话是比较难以理解的，因为他使用了现在时态，而实际上应该用过去时。如果考生注意到了现在时态而认为他说的是现在和将来，那就会出现理解上的困难。判断他说的是过去的证据有especiallyafterSept.11,thenyou’redisposable，前文已经说了工人们认为自己像被货物一样对待，当时使用了disposable一词，这里的disposable应该就是指的上文工人的话。此外还有Therearewholefamiliesbeinguprootedforallofthewrongreasons这句，整个家庭遭到破坏的情形是正在发生的，而Anderson前面说的几条事实必然是过去发生的。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 这段引用的大意是：我们说过我们需要你们在这些地方工作，我们会looktheotherwayintermsofwhatourlawsare，然后，我们一觉得方便，或是想就国家安全发表一下观点，尤其是在911以后，你们就成了处理货了。这里说的第一点信息是美国需要这些人，第二点信息是在法律上是不允许这些人在美国工作的，那么“用另一种方式来看法律是什么的问题”可以理解为为这些人在法律上变通，以便他们能够为美国工作，同时又不受到追究。 A，我们将对你们的非法地位睁一只眼闭一只眼。 B，我们用另一种方式来考察(研究)法律。 C，有其他执行法律的方式。 D，现有法律不能被忽略。 B和D的错误比较明显。A的说法在实际效果上可以说得过去，因为睁一只眼闭一只眼事实上保证了非法移民为美国工作同时又不受到追究。但文中说的在法律上变通可能不只官方无所作为这一项，也可以用其他方式来达到目的。因此C的说法更为准确些。 66.WhatdowelearnaboutAnaCastrofromthelastparagraph? A)Shewillbedeportedsoonerorlater. B)Sheisallowedtostaypermanently. C)Hercasehasbeendropped. D)Herfateremainsuncertain.(D) 题目问从最后一段可知AnaCastro的哪些事情。最后一段的后半部分对AnaCastro的现状进行了描述，原文是：Nowsheandherfamilyarelivingunderthethreatofdeportation.Castro’scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled.Whilesheawaitstheoutcome,thegovernmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhereandshehasreturnedtoherjobatBen&Jerry’s。只要理解了这段话的意思，选择出正确答案并不难。 汉语直译为：现在，她与她的家庭生活在被驱逐出境的威胁之下。她的案子目前正等待审理中。在她等待结果期间，政府已经允许她在这里工作，她已经返回Ben&Jerry’s继续工作。 A，她早晚都要被驱逐出境。从这段话可以看出，她处在被驱逐出境的威胁之下(underthethreatofdeportation)，这就意味着她有可能被驱逐，也有可能不被驱逐，所以说A认为她早晚都要被驱逐是有些武断了。 B，她被允许永久停留在美国。文中的governmenthasgrantedherpermissiontoworkhere一句指出她被允许继续工作，是否可以永久停留，还有等待结果(awaitstheoutcome)。 C，她的案子已经停止审理。Castro’scaseiscurrentlywaitingtobesettled这一句说明她的案子还在审理中，没有停止审理。 D，她的命运依然未卜。从最后一段可以看到，她虽然已经被允许继续工作，但以后命运如何还要等待案件审理的结果，因此说她命运依然未卜是合适的。Passageone Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Interestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedby主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses chronic(长久的)personnelshortagesthatarecausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent. Professionalsseekcareerexperienceoutsideoftheirhomecountriesforavarietyofreasons.Theymayfeeltheneedtorechargetheirbatterieswithanewchallenge.Theymaywantapositionwithmoreresponsibilitythatencouragescreativityandinitiative.Ortheymaywishtoexposetheirchildrentoanotherculture,andtheopportunitytolearnasecondlanguage. Whenapplyingforajob,oneusuallyhastosubmitaresumeorcurriculumvitae(CV).Thetwotermsgenerallymeanthesamething:aone-ortwo-pagedocumentdescribingone’seducationalqualificationsandprofessionalexperience.However,guidelinesforpreparingaresumeareconstantlychanging.Thebestadviceistofindoutwhatisappropriateregardingthecorporate(公司)culture,thecountryculture,andthecultureofthepersonmakingthehiringdecision.Thechallengewillbetoembracetwoormoreculturesinonedocument.Thefollowinglistisagoodplacetostart. ●“Educationalrequirementsdifferfromcountrytocountry.Inalmosteverycaseof‘cross-border’jobhunting,juststatingthetitleofyourdegreewillnotbeanadequatedescription.Providethereaderwithdetailsaboutyourstudiesandanyrelatedexperience.” ●Payattentiontotheresumeformatyouuse-chronologicalorreverse-chronologicalorder.Chronologicalordermeanslistingyour‘oldest’workexperiencefirst.Reverse-chronologicalordermeanslistingyourcurrentormostrecentexperiencefirst.Mostcountrieshavepreferencesaboutwhichformatismostacceptable.Ifyoufindnospecificguidelines,thegeneralpreferenceisforthereverse-chronologicalformat.” ●IfyouaresubmittingyourresumeinEnglish,findoutiftherecipient(收件人)usesBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglishbecausetherearevariationsbetweenthetwoversions.Forexample,universityeducationisoftenreferredtoas‘tertiaryeducation’intheUnitedKingdom,butthistermisalmostneverusedintheUnitedStates.Areaderwhoisunfamiliarwiththesevariationsmayassumethatyourresumecontainserrors. 21.Companiesarehiringmoreforeignemployeesbecause________. A)theyfindforeignemployeesareusuallymoretalented B)theyneedoriginalideasfromemployeeshiredoverseas C)theywanttoexpandtheirbusinessbeyondhomeborders D)theyhavedifficultyfindingqualifiedpersonnelathome(D) 22.Theauthorbelievesthatanindividualwhoappliestoworkoverseas________. A)isusuallycreativeandfullofinitiative B)aimstoimprovehisforeignlanguageskills C)isdissatisfiedwithhisownlifeathome D)seekseitherhisownorhischildren’sdevelopment(D)主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 23.Whenitcomestoresumewriting,itisbestto________. A)takeculturalfactorsintoconsideration B)learnaboutthecompany’shiringprocess C)followappropriateguidelinesforjobhunting D)knowtheemployer’spersonallikesanddislikes(A) 24.Whenwritingaboutqualifications,applicantsareadvisedto________. A)stresstheiracademicpotentialtoimpressthedecisionmaker B)givethetitleoftheuniversitydegreetheyhaveearnedathome C)provideadetaileddescriptionoftheirstudyandworkexperiences D)highlighttheirkeeninterestinpursuinga‘cross-border’career(C) 25.Accordingtotheauthor’slastpieceofadvice,theapplicantsshouldbeawareof________. A)thedifferenteducationalsystemsintheUSandtheUK B)thedifferencesbetweenthevarietiesofEnglish C)therecipient’spreferencewithregardtotheformat D)thedistinctivefeaturesofAmericanandBritishcultures(B) 这是一篇以跨国求职为说明对象的说明文章。开头首先叙述一点事实：近年来跨国求职现象猛增(soaredinrecentyears)，由此引出文章说明的中心。这一段只有一个句子，后半部分实际上是个省略了which的非限制性定语从句，完整形式应是whichisenhancedby……那么enhance(加强)的对象就是interest。由此，后半句的意义可以理解为“这种寻找国际工作的兴趣又被……加强了”。 随后的第二段简要介绍了求职者进行跨国求职的几点原因：尝试新挑战(rechargetheirbatterieswithanewchallenge，以新的挑战来为他们的电池充电。这是一种比喻说法。)，激发创造性(encouragescreativityandinitiative)，使孩子接触其他文化、学外国语言(exposetheirchildrentoanotherculture，learnasecondlanguage)。 介绍完原因之后，作者开始详细讲解跨国求职的主要工序：写简历;并指出跨国求职简历的难点：embracetwoormoreculturesinonedocument，包容照顾两种以上的文化。 最后的三段是作者针对如何解决这一难点提出的建议： 对教育水平的说明要详细具体(detailsaboutyourstudiesandanyrelatedexperience)。 依据不同国家的惯常，来确定简历的格式(按时间由远及近Chronologicalorder，或由近及远Reverse-chronological)。 若对方母语为英语，则要注意区别英式英语和美式英语(findoutiftherecipientusesBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish)。21.Companiesarehiringmoreforeignemployeesbecause________. A)theyfindforeignemployeesareusuallymoretalented B)theyneedoriginalideasfromemployeeshiredoverseas C)theywanttoexpandtheirbusinessbeyondhomeborders D)theyhavedifficultyfindingqualifiedpersonnelathome(D)主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 题目问公司雇佣越来越多的外国员工的原因是什么。 文章第一段称跨国求职因“chronicpersonnelshortagesthatarecausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent”而更加火热。chronicpersonnelshortages是长期人事短缺的意思，后面的that替代shortages，句子可以转换为personnelshortagesarecausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent，意思是人事短缺正在迫使公司跨越国界需要人才。可见公司雇佣越来越多的外国员工的原因是长期人事短缺。 A，他们发现外国员工通常更具才华。 B，他们需要海外员工的新颖思维。 C，他们想把业务拓展到国外。 D，他们在国内发掘合格人才较为困难。 只有D符合文意。 22.Theauthorbelievesthatanindividualwhoappliestoworkoverseas________. A)isusuallycreativeandfullofinitiative B)aimstoimprovehisforeignlanguageskills C)isdissatisfiedwithhisownlifeathome D)seekseitherhisownorhischildren’sdevelopment(D) 题目问作者认为一个人申请海外职位如何如何。 文章第一段只有一句话，讲的是跨国求职猛增的事实，这里题目问的必然是海外求职的细节问题，第一段不会提供答案，应该去第二段寻找相应内容。第二段从求职者的角度介绍了海外求职的几点原因。此题可以结合选项使用排除法。 A，海外求职者往往创造性强、充满进取心。这句话是不对的，句中提到creative和initiative是在第二段作者指出求职火热的第二个原因之时：Theymaywantapositionwithmoreresponsibilitythatencouragescreativityandinitiative。这句话的意思是他们需要一个职位，这个职位withmoreresponsibility，即需要承担更多的责任，that指代responsibility，encouragescreativityandinitiative——激发创造力和进取心。从这句话可知海外求职者认为为外国公司工作可以激发自己的创造性和进取心，而不是像A所说的海外求职者往往创造性强、充满进取心。 B，海外求职的目的是提高自己的外语水平。第二段最后一句话讲到了提高外语水平：theymaywishtoexposetheirchildrentoanotherculture,andtheopportunitytolearnasecondlanguage。opportunitytolearnasecondlanguage即是学习第二语言的机会。但这里的“机会”应该与前文的“to”连接，完整句子是theymaywishtoexposetheirchildrentotheopportunitytolearnasecondlanguage，他们希望带给孩子学习外语的机会。可见学习外语的孩子而不是求职者。 C，海外求职者对在国内的生活不满。文中找不到类似的描述，只有第二个理由(moreresponsibilitythatencouragescreativityandinitiative)似乎有点联系，但从这里只能推断国外有些职位比目前工作更需要创造性，略欠创造性的工作不一定就会引起对生活的不满。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses D，期望个人或孩子的发展。从作者给出的三个原因来看，第一个是为自己充电，第二个是寻找激励自己的机会，第三个是让孩子接触外国文化，学习外语。前两个原因属于个人发展，第三个原因属于孩子的发展，正好与D的表述一致。23.Whenitcomestoresumewriting,itisbestto________. A)takeculturalfactorsintoconsideration B)learnaboutthecompany’shiringprocess C)followappropriateguidelinesforjobhunting D)knowtheemployer’spersonallikesanddislikes(A) 题目问在进行简历写作时，最好是…… 文章第三段提出了一个海外求职者简历写作的难题：guidelinesforpreparingaresumeareconstantlychanging，意思是准备简历的指导原则总是不同的。而后作者给出了解决办法：findoutwhatisappropriateregardingthecorporateculture,thecountryculture,andthecultureofthepersonmakingthehiringdecision，即简历要照顾到公司文化、国家文化以及有聘用决定权的人的文化。 A，把文化因素考虑进去。这一说法与文意恰好吻合。 B，了解公司聘用程序。文中没有介绍这一方面的内容。 C，遵循合适的求职指导。文中提到了求职指导(guidelinesforpreparingaresume)，但有关的描述恰恰是说求职指导的不可靠性(constantlychanging)，也就是说跨国求职不宜遵循惯常的求职指导，与C的说法相反。 D，了解雇主的个人好恶。文中说到海外求职简历要顾及有聘用决定权的人的文化(thecultureofthepersonmakingthehiringdecision)。文化所涵盖的范畴是比较广泛的，不能仅用好恶来概述，D的说法以偏概全。 24.Whenwritingaboutqualifications,applicantsareadvisedto________. A)stresstheiracademicpotentialtoimpressthedecisionmaker B)givethetitleoftheuniversitydegreetheyhaveearnedathome C)provideadetaileddescriptionoftheirstudyandworkexperiences D)highlighttheirkeeninterestinpursuinga‘cross-border’career(C) 题目问有关任职资格的撰写问题，求职者得到了什么建议。 A，突出他们的教育潜力，以打动招聘负责人。 B，告知其在国内所获的大学学历文凭。 C，提供学习、工作经历的详细描述。 D，表现出对跨国工作的强烈兴趣。 在最后三段作者提供的简历写作建议中，第一个段落写的是学历问题，第二个段落写的是履历的时间顺序问题，第三个段落写的是英式英语与美式英语的区别问题。题目问的是任职资格，那么其答案应该在第一个段落中。第一个段落一共三句话，第一句说明各国对教育水平的要求不同，由于这个原因，作者接下来指出juststatingthetitleofyourdegreewillnotbeanadequatedescription，即仅仅写出获得了什么文凭是不够的。这样B的说法就不对了。第三句话给出了作者的建议：Providethereaderwithdetailsaboutyourstudiesandanyrelatedexperience，即详细列出你的学习和任何相关经历。这与C的说法吻合。而A和D的说法在文中都找不到。 25.Accordingtotheauthor’slastpieceofadvice,theapplicantsshouldbeawareof主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses ________. A)thedifferenteducationalsystemsintheUSandtheUK B)thedifferencesbetweenthevarietiesofEnglish C)therecipient’spreferencewithregardtotheformat D)thedistinctivefeaturesofAmericanandBritishcultures(B) 题目问根据作者的最后一条建议，求职者应该意识到…… A，美国和英国的不同教育系统。 B，不同英语之间的区别。 C，简历接收者对格式的喜好。 D，美国与英国文化各自的特点。 最后一条建议是这样的：IfyouaresubmittingyourresumeinEnglish,findoutiftherecipient(收件人)usesBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglishbecausetherearevariationsbetweenthetwoversions.Forexample,universityeducationisoftenreferredtoas‘tertiaryeducation’intheUnitedKingdom,butthistermisalmostneverusedintheUnitedStates.Areaderwhoisunfamiliarwiththesevariationsmayassumethatyourresumecontainserrors. 直译为：如果你要提交的简历是英文的，应该弄清收件人说的是英式英语还是美式英语，因为这二者之间存在不同的地方。比如大学教育在英国被成为tertiaryeducation，而在美国从来没有用过这个词组。读简历者如果不熟悉此类区别，将会认为你的简历存在错误。 这段话比较简易，不难理解，讲的是两种英语的区别可能会让读简历者产生误解。A的说法是生造出来的，在文中没有论及教育系统的区别。B的说法与文章的意思一致。C说的格式问题是第二条建议的内容，不能张冠李戴给第三条建议。D所说的文化特点过于宽泛，虽然语言也属于文化，但不能以语言来概括文化。另外，值得一提的是，英式英语不见得就代表了英国英语，在澳大利亚、加拿大以及其他很多国家，人们讲的同样是英式英语。把英式英语等同于英国英语是不对的。 PassageTwo Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激励),providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation. Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandartkeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-theprophecy(预言)becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle(恶性循环)ofneglect. Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethe主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses homeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle. Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning. 26.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis________. A)troublesome B)labor-saving C)rewarding D)expensive(C) 27.Bysaying“...theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Lines45,Para.2).theauthormeansthat________. A)girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys B)girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams C)girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach D)girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome(A) 28.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen________. A)womencaremoreabouteducation B)girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation C)afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren D)parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’education(B) 29.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation? A)Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues. B)Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries. C)Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments. D)Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.(C) 30.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________. A)unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountries B)thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomen C)themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosociety D)theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomen(D) 这篇文章从经济学的角度论证了在发展中国家女性教育的价值。全文第一句话就概括了全文论述的核心：Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedeveloping主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses world，在发展中国家，女性教育可能会获得比任何其他投资更高的回报。一般说来，女性教育属于社会学研究的问题，但文章开头却从投资的角度看待这个问题，观点新颖，立即引起读者的阅读欲望。作者随后指出女性教育不受重视的问题首先可以从经济学角度(incentives，动机)进行理解。 第二段承接第一段的内容，具体解释女性教育不受重视的经济学原因：donotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily，父母们认为女孩不会对家庭经济做出贡献。女孩的价值因而被认为比男孩低而被剥夺了受教育的权利，使女性教育陷入恶性循环。 作者接下来从相反的角度论述了受教育女性会带来的价值：对外，greaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehome，赚钱的能力更强(这是从经济学角度);对内，daughtersaregivenafairchance，在教育问题上对男女孩一视同仁(社会效应)。这样下一代女孩因为受到了足够的教育，在处理自己的儿女教育问题时，同样会重视女孩的教育(thenextgenerationofgirlswillbeeducatedandhealthy)，因而形成良性循环。 最后一段承接上文对重视女性教育所带来的社会效应的论述，提出女性教育的巨大经济效应：wagesoffemaleworkers(女性工人的工资增长)——riseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling，多上一年学，工资增长10-20%。作者把这一效应和其他投资的收益相对比(impressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments)，与开篇引题的一句遥相呼应。文末指出女性教育的影响远不止此。26.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis________. A)troublesome B)labor-saving C)rewarding D)expensive(C) 题目问作者认为对女孩的教育在发展中国家是…… A，麻烦的。 B，C，Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld，在发展中国家，女性教育可能会获得比任何其他投资更高的回报。在这里，作者谈论女性教育的出发点是经济回报，而不是惯常的社会问题等。在四个答案中C是“有回报的意思”，应该选择C。至于第一段以外的段落，因为作者是从经济学角度来论述女性教育问题，所以并未提及麻烦、省力与否这些社会学角度的问题，答案A和C是没有着落的。至于D，第二段有一句话theydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren，意思是女孩不能带来经济回报，没有回报又要花钱养活，似乎有“昂贵”的意思。但要注意这里的观点是发展中国家里父母们的观点，而题目是问作者对此的看法。因此也不能选择D。 27.Bysaying“...theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Lines45,Para.2).theauthormeansthat________. A)girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses B)girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams C)girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach D)girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome(A) 题目问作者说theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling这句话目的是要指出什么。 这句话本意是预言完成了自我实现。“预言”是指什么，“实现”为什么是自我实现，这些需要到前文去找。 这句话出现在第二段末尾，整个第二段讲的是发展中国家的父母忽视女孩教育的原因。全文一共两个长句，大意是：父母没有在女儿身上投资是因为他们认为女儿不会为家庭做出经济贡献，她们长大后只会嫁入别家生儿育女;女孩因而被视为价值低于男孩而被安排在家中做家务，而男孩则被送入学校学习。预言完成了自我实现。 首先看预言指的是什么。在这一段前半部分找不到预言这个字眼，也没有类似于汉语的普遍观念中“预言”的内容，似乎prophecy的出现非常突兀。但细看的话，前面提到了expect一词，它有期望、设想的意思，与预言略微接近，除此外就无其他任何意义近似的词了。这样只能断定expect就是指的prophecy，作者在这里使用了比较夸张的写法，用带有神谕色彩的prophecy来指代发展中国家思想较为落后的父母们的设想，是一种讽刺手法。 找到“预言”的着落点后，再看它为何完成了自我实现。预言本身的内容是女孩们不会带来经济贡献，那么无论自我实现还是外力促使实现，结果都只能是女孩们没有带来经济贡献。这个结果何以发生?是因为Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandartkeptathometodohousework，女孩们被看做价值更低而只被允许在家中做家务。这样的话，从预言做出到结果出现就呈现这样一个逻辑：父母们预言女儿不会做出贡献，便不送她们上学，因为不送她们上学，她们在事实上就无法做出经济贡献，最终验证了父母们的预言。是父母们的预言本身促成了本身的实现。这应该就是作者所说自我实现的意义。 A，事实证明女孩的价值比男孩低。 B，女孩能够实现她们的梦想。 C，女孩将最终发现她们的生活目标是可望不可即的。 D，女孩对家庭生活越来越不满意。 四个答案中A符合文意。 28.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen________. A)womencaremoreabouteducation B)girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation C)afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren D)parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’education(B) 题目问作者认为在什么时候恶性循环会转变成良性循环。 A，女性更注重教育。 B，女孩能够获得同等的受教育机会。 C，一个家庭中孩子数量更少同时又更健康。 D，父母能够供得起女儿们上学。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 可以看到，文中的第二段详细讲述了恶性循环的内容，第三段详细讲述了良性循环的内容(viciouscircle和virtuouscircle这二个词组分别出现在这两段的末尾)。恶性循环的内容是：父母不重视女孩教育，考试&大不让女孩上学，得不到教育的女孩无法为家庭经济做出贡献，更使父母们忽视女孩教育。良性循环的内容是：一个女性如果受过教育，她就有了较强的赚钱能力(greaterearningabilities)，同时在家庭方面更倾向于少生孩子，但更加注重孩子的健康，她会在教育方面给予孩子们平等的发展机会;女孩们获得了同样的受教育的机会，在将来抚养孩子时也会注重女孩的教育，从而形成良性循环。 良性循环与恶性循环的最重要区别在于女孩能不能获得同等的教育机会。良性循环循环的起点必须是女孩获得受教育机会，而终点当然也是下一代女孩受到同样的受教育机会。而题目问的是什么时候恶性循环转变成良性循环，那么这个转变当然应该发生在良性循环的起点。 A所说的女性更注重教育是循环中的第二环，它不可能不以起点为前提而独立出现。C所述的确实是受过教育的女性才有的做法，但在这个良性循环中它没有起到关键作用，它不会促使循环进入下一环。起关键作用的是赋予女孩教育机会。D的说法有一定迷惑性。如果父母供得起女儿上学，那么女儿就得到了受教育机会，这样就进入了良性循环的起点。然而前文说了，父母们不给女儿受教育机会是因为他们认为女儿不会创造价值，而不是因为供不起她们上学，因此这个前提本身就是错误的。29.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation? A)Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues. B)Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries. C)Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestments. D)Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.(C) 本题问关于女性教育，作者说了什么。文章全篇均是对女性教育的论述，不能肯定问题的答案出自哪一个特别的自然段。因此需要使用排除法来把错误选项逐个排除。 A，它应比其他社会问题得到更多的关注。通读全篇可知，作者是从经济学角度来讨论女性教育问题，附带提到了它的社会效应(第三段)，但始终把它和其他社会问题进行对比。因此A的说法不对。 B，在许多发展中国家它正受到优先照顾。文中所表达的意思与B的说法恰好相反，在许多发展中国家，女性教育根本得不到重视。 C，它能比其他已知的投资产出更多的回报。这是文章论述的中心思想。 D，它已经引起越来越多的经济学家的兴趣。文中提到经济学家的地方只有第一段的一处：Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists，意思是女性教育问题对于经济学家来说或许是个陌生的领域。除此之外再无相关的论述，由此可见D的说法没有着落点。 30.Thepassagemainlydiscusses________. A)unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountries B)thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomen C)themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosociety主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses D)theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomen(D) 题目问文章主要讨论的是什么。根据前文的分析，文章的主要讨论的问题应该是女性教育所带来的经济利益。 A，发展中国家男孩和女孩受到不平等的对待。本文讨论的重心在于女孩，不能把男孩和女孩等量齐观。另外文章讨论的是女孩在教育上的不公平问题，这里没有把问题具体化。 B，受过良好教育的女性的赚钱潜力。文章第三段提到Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehome，意思是受过教育的女性在社会上赚钱的能力较强。不过以此作为全文的论述核心则有不妥，因为这个说法所涵盖的范围过于狭窄，局限于赚钱能力本身，应当上升到女性教育问题的高度。 C，受教育女性对社会的主要贡献。这一说法较为宽泛，文中所述的受教育女性对社会的贡献主要在于家庭内部，如少生孩子，重视孩子健康，重视下一代女性的教育问题，形成女性教育的良性循环等。C的说法是受教育女性对社会的“主要”贡献，按照常理，其主要贡献肯定绝不止于文中所述。 D，女性教育所带来的经济和社会利益。女性教育所带来的经济利益，这一说法没有问题，它是全文论述的核心。而在文章第三段也附带说了重视女性教育所带来的社会效应，所以这一说法全面地概括了文章讨论的主要问题。PassageThree Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Speedingoffinastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisinforanunwelcomesurprise.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobiliser(锁止器),andaradiosignalfromacontrolcentremilesawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain. Theideagoeslikethis.Acontrolboxfittedtothecarcontainsamini-cellphone,amicro-processorandmemory,andaGPS(全球定位系统)satellitepositioningreceiver.Ifthecarisstolen,acodedcellphonesignalwilltellthecontrolcentretoblockthevehicle’senginemanagementsystemandpreventtheenginebeingrestarted. IntheUK,asetoftechnicalfixesisalreadymakinglifeharderforcarthieves.‘Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged,’saysMartynRandall,asecurityexpert.Hesaysitwouldonlytakehimafewminutestoteachapersonhowtostealacar,usingabareminimumoftools.Butonlyifthecarismorethan10yearsold. Moderncarsarefartoughertosteal,astheirenginemanagementcomputerwon’tallowthemtostartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignition(点火)key.IntheUK,technologieslikethishavehelpedachievea31%dropinvehicle-relatedcrimesince1997. Butdeterminedcriminalsarestillmanagingtofindotherwaystostealcars,oftenbygettingboldoftheowner’skeys.Andkeytheftisresponsiblefor40%ofthetheftsofvehiclesfittedwithatrackingsystem. Ifthecartravels100metreswithoutthedriverconfirmingtheirID,thesystemwillsendasignaltoanoperationscentrethatithasbeenstolen.Thehundredmetres主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses minimumavoidsfalsealarmsduetoinaccuraciesintheGPSsignal. Staffatthecentrewillthencontacttheownertoconfirmthatthecarreallyismissing,andkeeppoliceinformedofthevehicle’smovementsviathecar’sGPSunit. 31.What’sthefunctionoftheremoteimmobilizerfittedtoacar? A)Tohelpthepolicemakeasurpriseattackonthecarthief. B)Toallowthecartolockautomaticallywhenstolen. C)Topreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitstops. D)Topreventcartheftbysendingaradiosignaltothecarowner.(C) 32.Bysaying“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged”(Lines1-2.Para.3),MartynRandallsuggeststhat________. A)ittakesalongertimeforthecarthieftodothestealing B)self-preparedtoolsarenolongerenoughforcartheft C)thethiefhastomakeuseofcomputertechnology D)thethiefhaslostinterestinstealingcarsover10yearsold(B) 33.Whatisessentialinmakingamodemcartoughertosteal? A)Acodedignitionkey. B)AuniqueIDcard. C)Aspecialcellphonesignal. D)AGPSsatellitepositioningreceiver.(A) 34.Whydoesthetrackingsystemseta100-metreminimumbeforesendinganalarmtotheoperationscentre? A)Toleavetimefortheoperationscentretogiveanalarm. B)Tokeeppoliceinformedofthecar’smovements. C)Togivethedrivertimetocontacttheoperationscentre. D)ToallowforpossibleerrorsintheGPSsystem.(D) 35.Whatwilltheoperationscentredofirstafterreceivinganalarm? A)Startthetrackingsystem. B)Contactthecarowner. C)Blockthecarengine. D)Locatethemissingcar.(B) 这是一篇讲述汽车防盗系统的说明文。文章开头另辟蹊径，以场景描述开篇，叙述一个偷车贼在偷车逃跑的过程中如何受困于防盗系统。这个场景言简意赅，概括了本篇所述的防盗系统的三个要点：immobiliser(锁止器)，acontrolcentre(控制中心)，以及其结果notbeabletostartitagain(不可启动)。第一段以场景描述形象地向读者介绍了本篇讨论的核心内容，引起读者的阅读兴趣，随后的第二段马上以专业语言对这一系统进行描述。这种布局法显然好于开篇就直接介绍防盗系统的工作原理。 接下来的一段援引一个安全专家的话介绍了英国国内汽车偷盗现象的现状：因为车上安装了一套技术装置(asetoftechnicalfixes)，使得现在的偷车贼无法再用以前的方法轻松地偷车成功。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 第四段进一步讲解了这套技术装置的原理，并指出这种技术使与车辆有关的犯罪发生率下降了31%(achievea31%dropinvehicle-relatedcrime)。第三、四这两段说明的目的是为后文新的防盗系统的出现做好铺垫——因为旧有的方法不再奏效，许多偷车贼开始使用一种更为原始的方式：gettingholdoftheowner’skeys(偷钥匙)，本文的所介绍的防盗系统就是为了应付这种偷盗方式而出现的——这是第五段的内容。 文章的最后两段具体说明了这种系统的工作方式。第六代说明的是汽车失窃的第一阶段：发出信号“sendasignaltoanoperationscentrethatithasbeenstolen”。第七段说明第二阶段：工作人员确认失窃，并协助警方追捕盗贼。31.What’sthefunctionoftheremoteimmobilizerfittedtoacar? A)Tohelpthepolicemakeasurpriseattackonthecarthief. B)Toallowthecartolockautomaticallywhenstolen. C)Topreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitstops. D)Topreventcartheftbysendingaradiosignaltothecarowner.(C) 题目问轿车上安装的远程锁止器的功能是什么。 文章第一次提到锁止器是在第一段第二行，纵观四个题支，其内容涉及得基本全部是第一段。把第一段的内容理解透彻之后，得出正确结论并不难。 第一段前两句是一种场景描述，意在构筑类似小说的情景。最后一个长句才是关键。前半句Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobilizer，汽车安装了一个远程锁止器;andaradiosignalfromacontrolcentremilesawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain，一个数英里外的控制中心会发送一种无线电信号，一旦窃贼关掉引擎，就不可能再点着了。乍看之下，作者并没有说锁止器和引擎失效之间的联系，因为锁死引擎的信号是控制中心发出的，而控制中心和锁止器在这一段中并没有发生联系。要详细了解这套系统的工作方式，还要看第二段。第二段给出了具体说明：车上安装了一套设备，如果汽车被偷，就会发出手机信号告知控制中心锁死汽车的引擎控制系统，不让引擎再次启动。 A，帮助警察对偷车贼发动突然袭击。在本文的例子中，锁止器确实帮了警察这个忙(heisinforanunwelcomesurprise)，但很显然帮警察发动突然袭击不是它的功能。 B，使汽车被偷时自动锁死。Automaticlly，自动地。但由第二段signalwilltellthecontrolcentretoblock可知，锁死汽车的是控制中心，汽车并不是自动锁死的。 C，它停止时防止偷车贼重新启动它。这句话应该就是出题者心目中的答案。不过从纯语言的角度讲，这句话也存在问题，问题就在于it指代不清。题目问的是What’sthefunctionoftheremoteimmobilizerfittedtoacar?那么完整的回答就应该是thefunctionoftheremoteimmobilizerfittedtoacaristopreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitstops。在这个句子中，后面的it不可能是指的car，因为car是thief的定语，不是实体。按照这句话的结构，it指的应该是锁止器，那么C的说法就错了。如果出题人能把题支改成Topreventthecarthieffromrestartingtheengineonceitstops就没有问题了。 D，通过向汽车主人发送无线电信号防止汽车被偷。根据第三段的内容，无线电信号是发送给了控制中心(signalwilltellthecontrolcentreto)，而不是汽车主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 的主人。 32.Bysaying“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged”(Lines1-2.Para.3),MartynRandallsuggeststhat________. A)ittakesalongertimeforthecarthieftodothestealing B)self-preparedtoolsarenolongerenoughforcartheft C)thethiefhastomakeuseofcomputertechnology D)thethiefhaslostinterestinstealingcarsover10yearsold(B) 题目问Randall所说的Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged是指什么。 A，偷车贼偷窃汽车所费时间更长了。 B，自行准备的工具对于偷窃汽车来说已经不够用了。 C，窃贼不得不使用电脑技术。 D，窃贼已经对偷窃汽车失去兴趣超过十年了。 对于理解文中某句话的意义这类题，只能通过上下文的内容进行逻辑推理找出答案。这句话的本意是“车辆犯罪的方式已经发生了变化”。Randall说出这句话是在第三段中间部分，这一句之前的一句是IntheUK,asetoftechnicalfixesisalreadymakinglifeharderforcarthieves，意思是在英国，一套技术装置已经让偷车贼们感到生活更为艰难了。之后的二句是Hesaysitwouldonlytakehimafewminutestoteachapersonhowtostealacar,usingabareminimumoftools.Butonlyifthecarismorethan10yearsold，意思是一个偷车贼教会一个人用最少的工具偷车只需几分钟，但除非那车已经是十多年前的了。 第一句实际上对这句话的理解很有帮助，因为这句话里出现了change(变化)，而第一句里有harder(更为艰难了)，是一个比较级，含有变化的意思。不过从这句还看不出这种生活的艰难具体是指什么，而后面两句显然是对此的解释。“一个偷车贼教会一个人用最少的工具偷车只需几分钟”，这里涵盖的信息的是偷车贼使用很少的工具在很短的时间就可以偷车成功，相对于前面的harder，这无疑是一种轻松的生活。“但除非那车已经是十多年前的了”，意思是偷车贼的轻松生活只有在十多年前的车上实现，暗含有现在的车已经不是那样了的意思，这里表达的也是“change”。由此可见，文Randall的这句话意思就是偷车贼已经不能像十多年前那样只用很少的工具很少的时间就能偷车成功。四个答案中C和D存在明显的错误。A是说时间变长，B是说工具不够用了，这二者中起关键作用的还是工具不够用，时间变长实际上是工具不够用的结果，选择B更为合理。33.Whatisessentialinmakingamodemcartoughertosteal? A)Acodedignitionkey. B)AuniqueIDcard. C)Aspecialcellphonesignal. D)AGPSsatellitepositioningreceiver.(A) 题目问使一辆现代的轿车更难被偷的根本因素是什么。 A，加密点火钥匙。 B，唯一的身份卡。 C，特殊的手机信号。 D，GPS卫星定位接收器。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 第三段引用MartynRandall的话指明了当代汽车因为某种技术装置而难于被偷的事实，第四段就是对这种技术装置的详细说明。开头的一句话就是本题所问的问题：Moderncarsarefartoughertosteal,astheirenginemanagementcomputerwon’tallowthemtostartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignitionkey，前半句是题目本身：现在的汽车远比以前难偷;而后是单词as，表示“因为”而不是“当”，as后面就是理由：“引擎控制系统的电脑不允许汽车发动，除非它们接到一个由点火钥匙发出的唯一的身份码。” 这里没有直接提到特殊的手机信号和GPS定位系统，这二者是在第二段的介绍中出现的，它们是锁止器系统中的要素，而本段讨论的是锁止器出现之前就已经普遍存在的防盗系统，正是因为这一系统使一些偷车贼转而去偷钥匙，最终促使锁止器系统的出现。 而在点火钥匙与身份卡之间，可以判断出身份卡是由钥匙发出的，有了钥匙就有了身份卡，身份卡不能独立于钥匙而存在，这样看的话，钥匙应该是核心因素。应该选择A。 34.Whydoesthetrackingsystemseta100-metreminimumbeforesendinganalarmtotheoperationscentre? A)Toleavetimefortheoperationscentretogiveanalarm. B)Tokeeppoliceinformedofthecar’smovements. C)Togivethedrivertimetocontacttheoperationscentre. D)ToallowforpossibleerrorsintheGPSsystem.(D) 题目问为什么跟踪系统要设置一个100米的最小行驶量，之后才向操作中心发出警报。 可以看到倒数第二段说明了设置这个100米最小行驶量的原因：Ifthecartravels100metreswithoutthedriverconfirmingtheirID,thesystemwillsendasignaltoanoperationscentrethatithasbeenstolen.ThehundredmetresminimumavoidsfalsealarmsduetoinaccuraciesintheGPSsignal。第一句是题干里所述的情况，随后的一句对原因进行了解释：一百米的最小量可以防止由GPS不准确造成的假警报。 A，给操作中心发警报留出时间。文中没有提到。不过从逻辑上讲，如果跟踪系统不发出警报，控制中心是不会知道汽车被盗的，也就永远不会发出警报，谈不上留出时间。 B，使警察随时获知汽车的行驶方位。这是全文最后一句提到的内容，是在发出警报之后的事情了。 C，给驾驶者留出时间来与操作中心联系。汽车被盗后的驾驶者显然是偷车贼，偷车贼会和操作中心联系什么呢? D，预防GPS系统的可能错误。与前面的分析一致。 35.Whatwilltheoperationscentredofirstafterreceivinganalarm? A)Startthetrackingsystem. B)Contactthecarowner. C)Blockthecarengine. D)Locatethemissingcar.(B)主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 题目问操作中心在接收到警报后首先要做的是什么。 A，启动跟踪系统。 B，联系车主。 C，锁定汽车引擎。 D，确定丢失车辆的位置。 倒数第二段讲到车辆被偷后，跟踪系统会把被偷的信息发给操作中心(thesystemwillsendasignaltoanoperationscentrethatithasbeenstolen)，这就是题目所说的操作中心接到了警报。接下来的一段讲的就是操作中心的反应：Staffatthecentrewillthencontacttheownertoconfirmthatthecarreallyismissing,andkeeppoliceinformedofthevehicle’smovementsviathecar’sGPSunit。一共两点，第一是首先联系车主确认车辆是否失踪，然后通过车上的GPS随时把车辆的位置告知警方。可见第一步是联系车主，B是正确的。PassageOne Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Justfiveone-hundredthsofaninchthick,lightgoldenincolorandwithaperfect“saddlecurl,”theLay’spotatochipseemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination.Butitsmaker.Frito-Lay.Thinksotherwise.“Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld,”saidSalmanAmin,thecompany’sheadofglobalmarketing.AminbelievesthereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip. Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmerica,ownedbyPepsiCo.Andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas. Itsstrategyrestsontwobeliefs:firstaglobalproductofferseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete.Andsecond,consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept.“Global”doesnotmeanproductsthatareconsciouslyidentifiedasAmerican,butonesthanconsumes-especiallyyoungpeople-seeaspartofamodem,innovative(创新的)worldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrossculturesbysharedbeliefsandtastes.PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthanFrito-LayisanAmericancompany.Instead,Riskey,thecompany’sresearchanddevelopmenthead,wouldhopetheyassociatethebrandwiththenewworldofglobalcommunicationsandbusiness. Withbrandperceptionacrucialfactor,RiskeyorderedaredesignoftheFrito-Laylogo(标识).Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips,wouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion. TheexecutivesacknowledgethattheytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica,buttheydenythatamountstoeconomicimperialism.Rater,theyseeFrito-Layasspreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld.“We’remakingproductsinthosecountries,we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,buildingbusinessesandemployingpeopleandchanginglives,”saidSteve主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses Reinemund,PepsiCo’schiefexecutive. 21.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarkingthat________. A)potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket B)theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales C)thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany’spotatochips D)peopletheworldoverenjoyeatingtheircompany’spotatochips(D) 22.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2? A)Itsproductsusetobepopularamongoverseasconsumers. B)Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker. C)Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany. D)Itneedstoturntothewordmarketfordevelopment.(D) 23.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichFrito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat________. A)consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands B)localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands C)productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits D)productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue(A) 24.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned? A)Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers. B)Topromotethecompany’sstrategyofglobalization. C)Tochangethecompany’slong-heldmarketingimage. D)TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.(B) 25.Frito-Lay’sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket________. A)won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople B)willleadtoeconomicimperialism C)willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople D)won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips(C) 这是一篇介绍某薯片公司海外发展战略的短文。文章开头以新颖的方式引出中心论题：先是对Lay公司出品的薯片本身做以描述，而后自然发出对这种食品能否风行全球的疑问(seemsanunlikelyweaponforglobaldomination)，最后推出厂商代表对此疑问进行反驳(nocorneroftheworldthatcanresist)，实现一种对比反差效果，使人对该公司印象深刻，同时也引起人们对公司代表因何如此信心十足的探究，为下文详加叙述铺平了道路。 第一段透露出几点信息，首先是文章内容范畴限定在薯片，第二是对薯片制造公司的介绍仅限于Lay公司。可见这是一篇商业推广性质的文章，目的是给Lay做广告宣传。第三是该公司的目标是征服全球。 为了回应第一段内容所引起的读者们的疑问，第二段马上对Lay公司进行了介绍：百事子公司，美国最大零食企业，百事公司一半以上的年利润由它带来(accountsforoverhalfoftheparent主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses company)。这最后一种说法具有震撼效果，因为谁都知道百事是做碳酸饮料的企业，很少人能够想到其超过一半的利润竟然是薯片带来的。之后，文章对第一段中关于该企业把目标定在全球市场这一信息做出回应：原因是国内市场饱和(largelysaturated)，需要开拓海外市场(hastolookoverseas)。 第三段详细介绍了该公司开拓海外市场的战略思想。共有两点，一是全球产品的经济总量是当地企业无法比拟的(offerseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete)，意即该公司的资金量巨大，当地企业无法与其竞争。二是21世纪的消费者们认同一种全球化概念，意即公司可以打全球牌，使消费者认为Lay薯片是一种全球共享的产品。之后文章对这一概念做了详细解释。先是对global做出定义：一个现代的、创新的、超越文化的世界(amodem,innovativeworldinwhichpeoplearelinkedacrosscultures)，而后以中国为例，证明人们对全球化概念的认同程度。 接下来的一段说到Lay公司的具体行动——采用新的公司标示，并称该标示将与“难以抗拒的诱惑”这一公司形象一起，共同促进其全球策略开展。 最后一段，为了不使全球化战略显得过于霸道、势利，否认经济帝国主义的存在(denythatamountstoeconomicimperialism)，文章搬出公司高管的名言对占领全球市场这一“野心”进行粉饰：在当地制造，以当地人口味为准改造产品，在当地建立公司，雇用当地人，改变当地人的生活。 21.ItisthebeliefofFrito-Lay’sheadofglobalmarkingthat________. A)potatochipscanhardlybeusedasaweapontodominatetheworldmarket B)theircompanymustfindnewwaystopromotedomesticsales C)thelightgoldencolorenhancesthecharmoftheircompany’spotatochips D)peopletheworldoverenjoyeatingtheircompany’spotatochips(D) 本题问Frito-Lay公司全球市场总监相信什么。 A,马铃薯片很难成为统治世界市场的武器。 B,他们公司必须发现更多办法来提升国内销售。 C，金黄的颜色使得他们公司的薯片更具魅力。 D，全世界的人们喜欢他们公司的薯片。 全文中提到全球市场总监的地方(headofglobalmarking)只有一处，就是第一段后半部分。而至于他的观点如何，文中有两处可供分析，一是引号内的原话，二是最后一句“Aminbelieves……”。前面一句话是Potatochipsareasnackfoodfortheworld，马铃薯片是全世界的零食。后一句是thereisnocorneroftheworldthatcanresistthecharmsofaFrito-Laypotatochip，第二句是世界上没有哪个角落能够抗拒Lay公司的马铃薯片。 从这两句话可以看出，这位总监对公司的薯片能否征服全球市场是持肯定态度的，而四个答案中只有D表达了这个意思。 A的说法与总监的想法恰好相反，文中也已经显而易见地指出了这一点：ButitsmakerFrito-Laythinksotherwise。B的内容来源于第二段，snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolook主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses overseas，但这里只是说零食市场在国内已经饱和，需要开拓海外市场以图发展，暗含的意思就是再努力提高国内销售也是徒然，与B的说法相反。C的说法来源于文中对对该公司马铃薯片外形的描述，不过文中没有提到颜色对其魅力的影响，说总监有此想法就更加牵强了。 22.WhatdowelearnaboutFrito-LayfromParagraph2? A)Itsproductsusedtobepopularamongoverseasconsumers. B)Itsexpansionhascausedfiercecompetitioninthesnackmarker. C)Itgiveshalfofitsannualprofitstoitsparentcompany. D)Itneedstoturntotheworldmarketfordevelopment.(D) 题目问从第二段我们可以得知Frito-Lay的什么情况。 既然已经指明考查的是第二段，我们就可以把全部注意力放在对第二段的理解上。Frito-LayisthebiggestsnackmakerinAmerica,ownedbyPepsiCo.Andaccountsforoverhalfoftheparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits.ButtheU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated,andtogrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas。第二段只有两句话，也非常好理解，第一句是“该公司是美国最大的零食制造商，归百事所有，母公司30亿美元的年利润中有一半多是它贡献的。”这里存在的唯一难点是accountfor这个词组的意义，这个词组有两个含义，一个是“构成决定性的或主要的因素”，如Badweatheraccountedforthelongdelay，长期的延迟是坏天气导致的;另一个意思是“做出解释，提出理由”，那么在句中的意思应该是第一个，即这个公司是百事公司一半多利润的决定因素。第二句是“美国零食市场已经很大程度上饱和了，为了发展，公司必须瞄准海外市场。 A，它的产品过去在海外消费者中非常受欢迎。Usedto是过去常如何如何的意思，从文意可知该公司正准备抢占国际市场，说它过去即受到海外消费者的欢迎是无中生有的。 B，它的扩张已经引起零食制造商们的激烈竞争。B的推断很可能来自于theU.S.snackfoodmarketislargelysaturated这句话，因为市场的饱和说明竞争推广销售非常到位，已经把潜在需求发掘殆尽。不过仅从这句话也很难推断出是否发生过激烈竞争，该公司完全可以一头独大，把国内市场发掘完毕。另外expasion一词在第二段更可能指的是海外扩张，而从第二段的信息可知，公司只是在lookoverseas，还没有真正参与海外竞争。 C，它把年利润的一半上交给母公司。从theparentcompany’s$3billionannualprofits这句话中的’s可知年利润是指百事的年利润，而halfoftheparentcompany中的of则表明这里的一半是指母公司的一半。连起来就是母公司年利润的一半，是说这个公司的利润占到百事总利润的一半多，而不是把自己的一半多上交到百事。 D，为了发展，它需要转向世界市场。这个说法是togrow,thecompanyhastolookoverseas的翻版，完全正确。 23.OneoftheassumptionsonwhichFrito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyisthat________. A)consumersworldwidetodayareattractedbyglobalbrands B)localbrandscannotcompetesuccessfullywithAmericanbrands C)productssuitingChineseconsumers’needsbringmoreprofits D)productsidentifiedasAmericanwillhavepromisingmarketvalue(A)主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 题目的句式较难理解，which引导的是定语从句，如果which前面有介词，则可把介词放入定语从句中与谓语连接起来理解。这个句子可变为Frito-Laybasesitsdevelopmentstrategyononeoftheassumptions，谓语是base，句意是该公司以某一设想为其发展战略的基础，这一设想是什么。 根据第三段的叙述，Lay公司的发展战略基于两个设想，一个是经济总量是当地企业无法比拟的(offerseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete)，二是21世纪的消费者们认同一种全球化概念(consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept)。题支的说法只要符合二者其一就是正确的。 A，如今全球的消费者都被全球性品牌吸引。与文中consumersinthe21stcenturyaredrawnto“global”asaconcept意义一致，是对的。 B，当地品牌与美国品牌竞争不会成功。文中是说全球性品牌可以“offerseconomiesofscalewithwhichlocalbrandscannotcompete”，全球性品牌可以是美国的，但美国品牌不都是全球性的，其中的弱小品牌参与国际竞争不会有多大优势。 C，满足中国消费者需求的产品会带来更高的利润。这个题支考查对PotatochipsareanAmericaninvention,butmostChinese,forinstance,donotknowthatFrito-LayisanAmericancompany一句的理解。这句原文的意思是说大多数中国人不知道Lay是一家美国公司，结合后面的论述可知，文章在这里要表达的意思是中国消费者只会把Lay理解成全球化的品牌加以接受。这里没有提到利润问题，只提到中国人对其产品是“接受”的，那么相信其利润不会比美国高多少。 D，美国产的产品市场价值前景更佳。这个说法与B的说法犯了同样的错误，把美国产品等同于全球化产品。 24.WhydidRiskeyhavetheFrito-Laylogoredesigned? A)Tosuitchangingtastesofyoungconsumers. B)Topromotethecompany’sstrategyofglobalization. C)Tochangethecompany’slong-heldmarketingimage. D)TocompetewithotherAmericanchipproducers.(B) 题目问Riskey为什么要重新设计公司标示。 A，为了迎合不断变化的年轻消费者口味。 B，为了推广公司的全球化战略。 C，为了改变公司保持了很长时间的市场形象。 D，为了与其他美国薯片制造商竞争。 文章说到改变公司标示一事是在第四段，关键要理解Thelogo,alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips,wouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion这句话。为了更好地理解这个长句，可以去掉中间的状语成分，句子就成了Thelogowouldhelpfacilitatethecompany’sglobalexpansion，意思是标示可以帮助促进公司的全球化扩张。显然，四个答案中B含有这个意思。A和D的描述都是无中生有，C的内容与文章有所关联，与它相关的即是上面去掉的状语成分alongwiththecompany’slong-heldmarketingimageofthe“irresistibility”ofitschips。Alongwith是“与……一起的意思”，也就是说wouldhelp主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses facilitate这个谓语同时也是image的谓语，image——公司形象也是促进海外扩张的因素之一，那么image显然是不能变的。 25.Frito-Lay’sexecutivesclaimthatthepromotingofAmericanfoodintheinternationalmarket________. A)won’taffecttheeatinghabitsofthelocalpeople B)willleadtoeconomicimperialism C)willbeintheinterestofthelocalpeople D)won’tspoilthetasteoftheirchips(C) 题目问Lay公司的高管们宣称美国食品在国际市场的推广如何如何。 结合四个答案的意义，可以判断出本题是在考查对最后一段的理解。最后一段旨在解释全球化战略不会带来经济霸权，而是为了spreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld，即让全世界分享自由企业带来的福利。而后用高管们的话具体说明他们这一公司理想。 A，不会对当地人的饮食习惯造成影响。第四段里有一句话：theytrytoswingnationaleatinghabitstoafoodcreatedinAmerica，高管们承认全球化会把一个国家的饮食口味转向这种美国食品，这与A的说法相反。虽然后面还有一句：we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries,不过这句话的意思是对薯片的口味稍作改动，而饮食习惯本身的改变指的是让人们都去吃薯片，少吃原来的食品，而不是在薯片成为主流食品时把其口味改动一下。 B，将会走向经济帝国主义。高管们恰好反对经济帝国主义。 C，将会代表当地人的利益。与spreadingthebenefitsoffreeenterpriseacrosstheworld所表达的意思一致，同时，buildingbusinesses和employingpeople这些都是对当地人的贡献，可以说是给当地人带来了利益。 D,不会破坏他们的薯片的口味。这与we’readaptingthemtothetastesofthosecountries(我们会为了那些国家改变口味)的意思相左。IncommunitiesnorthofDenver,residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministratorsastheVrainschoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement.“We’reworriedaboutourteachersandprincipals,andwereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis,”oneparentsail.“Ifwecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill.“ Teachersaregrateful,butknowitmaybeyearsbeforethedistrictissolvent(有综合能力的).Theyfeelreallygoodabouttheparentsupport,buttheyrealizeit’simpossibleforthentosolvethisproblem. The22,000-studentdistrictdiscoveredtheshortagelastmonth.“It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel,”saidStateTreasurerMikeCoffman. Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplanfreeingypa$9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll(工资单)tobemetfor2,700teachersandstaffintimefortheholidays. Districtofficialsalsotook$1.7millionfromstudent-activityaccountsits38schools. AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’s主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses finances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools. InFrederick,students’parentsarebuyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilitiestokeepfirst-yearteachersandprincipalsintheirjobs. Some$36,000hasbeenraisedindonationsfromSafeway.AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750billforrentingthedrivereducatingcars.IBMcontributed4,500packsofpaper. “Weemploythousandsofpeopleinthiscommunity,”saidMitchCarson,ahospitalchiefexecutive,whohelpedraisefunds.“Wehavechildrenintheschool,andweseehowtheycouldbeaffected.” AtCreekHighSchool,threestudentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum(论坛)。“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.” 26.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict? A)Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen. B)Manyschoolstherearemismanaged. C)Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit. D)Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff.(A) 27.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage? A)Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit. B)Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit. C)Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit. D)Theydemandedathroughinvestigation.(C) 28.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis________. A)unavoidable B)unthinkable C)insolvable D)irreversible(B) 29.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation? A)Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem. B)Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase. C)Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent. D)Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbongissue.(A) 30.Threehighschoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto________. A)attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneeds B)appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonations C)exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirduties主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses D)keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisis(D) 这篇短文讲述的是学校资金短缺事件。全文共十个小段，第一段从丹佛某社区发起运动说起，交代了事件基本信息：1380万美元的预算短缺，而后引用某位学生父母对学校表示物质支持的原话(wecanhelpeasetheirfinancialburden,wewill)。这个段落有这样一个特点，即事件本身只是在句中附带提到，叙述的重点在于社区对与此事相关的学校、教师的支持。这也暗示了后文的叙述方向不会是对资金短缺事件的原委的叙述，而是各方对此事的反应。从全文来看，包括社区、教师、官方、企业以及学生的反应。 接下来的第二段叙述了教师们对社区支持的反应(grateful)，而后用教师们的想法传达出资金短缺事件的解决难度(impossibleforthentosolvethisproblem，社区支持不可能解决问题)。 下一段进一步透露出事件的其他信息：发现时间(lastmonth)，并交代了州官员的反应：惊诧(Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel)。下三小段继续叙述官方的进一步行动：为教师工资提供贷款(9.8millionloanthatenabledthepayroll)，从学生活动资金帐户中提出170万美元(officialsalsotook$1.7million)，调查该地区财务(beguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances)。 最后的四段分别交代了学生父母、企业和学生们的反应。父母们为学校购买日常教学器具(buyingclassroomsuppliesandofferingtopayforgroceriesandutilities)，企业捐助，如一家雪佛兰经销商捐助一万美元，同时免除校车租金(AChevroletdealershipdonated$10,000andforgavethedistrict’s$10,750bill)，IBM捐助了实物(4,500packsofpaper)。之后的一段简单解释了募捐的原因。最后一段是学生们的行动：建立网站随时发布该事件的进展情况(Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.)。 26.WhathashappenedtotheVrainSchoolDistrict? A)Ahugefinancialproblemhasarisen. B)Manyschoolstherearemismanaged. C)Lotsofteachersinthedistrictareplanningtoquit. D)Manyadministrativepersonnelhavebeenlaidoff.(A) 题目问Vrain校区发生了什么事情。从第一段可知，Vrain校区发生了资金短缺($13.8millionbudgetshortage)，而通读全篇后可知，这一难题的影响非常严重。 A，发生了严重的财务困难。资金短缺(budgetshortage)也就是财务困难，可以选A。 B，那里许多学校管理不善。此选项考查对theVrainschoolDistricttriestosolvea$13.8millionbudgetshortageblamedonmismanagement一句的理解。前半句的理解应该不成问题，意思是该校区力图解决一个1380万的预算缺口。后面的blamedonmismanagement是理解的关键，blamed是个被动语态，这里省略了is，而这个句子的完整形式应该是个which引导的从句：shortagewhichisblamedonmismanagement。Blamedsthonsth是把某事物的错误归因于另一事物，在句中就是“预算短缺的原因被归咎于管理不善”。这样的话，管理不善的对象就是预算而不是学校。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses C，该校区的许多教师计划离职。文中引用了一位学生家长的话：wereallydon’twanttolosethembecauseofthis，表达了人们对预算短缺可能导致教师离去的后果。但文中没有指出教师是否计划(planning)离职，或者是否有“很多”(many)教师有此想法。 D，许多管理人员遭到解雇。文中没有相关叙述。 27.HowdidtheresidentsintheVrainSchoolDistrictrespondtothebudgetshortage? A)Theyfeltsomewhathelplessaboutit. B)Theyaccusedthoseresponsibleforit. C)Theypooledtheireffortstohelpsolveit. D)Theydemandedathroughinvestigation.(C) 题目问这个校区的居民对预算短缺如何反应。 A，他们对此事有些爱莫能助。 B，他们谴责此事的罪魁祸首们。 C，他们为解决此事共同出力。 D，他们要求彻查此事。 文章开头一句话即是叙述居民们如何努力帮助教师与学校官员们：residentsarepitchingintohelpteachersandadministrators。Pitchin词组是努力投入的意思，可见居民们对此事十分重视，力争帮助学校走出难关。C的叙述符合这个意思，而A的叙述与C的意思恰好相反，可以排除。至于B，从全篇来看，对居民们的描写均为始终是如何帮助学校，没有提到谴责谁的问题，也没有要求彻查此事——要求调查此事的是Coffman(AtCoffman’srequest——在Coffman的要求下——theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances)，而他是一位官员，不是该地居民。 28.IntheviewofStateTreasurerMikeCoffman,theeducationalbudgetshortageis________. A)unavoidable B)unthinkable C)insolvable D)irreversible(B) 题目问在MikeCoffman看来，教育预算短缺是…… A，不可避免的。 B，不可想象的。 C，无法解决的。 D，不能取消的。 文章讲到Coffman的地方一共三处，第一次是引用了他对预算短缺事件的评论：It’sextraordinary.Nobodywouldhaveimaginedsomethinghappeninglikethisatthislevel。意思是“这太不寻常了。谁也想不到会发生这样的事，这种程度的事”。第二次是他拟定了一份紧急贷款方案(Coffmananddistrictofficialslastweekagreedonastateemergencyplan)，第三次是他要求调查地区财政(AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances)。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 从本题的题意及四个选项来看，应该考查的是对第一处——也就是他的发言的理解。Coffman的发言首先指出此事的extraordinary，不同寻常;而后表示了惊讶——谁也想不到会发生这样的事，这种程度的事。他对此事的态度大体上是“不可思议”。这样A和D明显不对，B的说法正确，至于C，引言中无法体现出来，而结合后面二处的描写，也没有发现“无法解决”的迹象，反倒是紧急贷款和调查财政等雷厉风行的行事态度显示出解决此事的决心。因为C的说法也不正确。29.WhydidCoffmanrequestaninvestigation? A)Toseeiftherewasadeliberatecover-upoftheproblem. B)Tofindouttheextentoftheconsequencesofthecase. C)Tomakesurethattheschoolprincipalswereinnocent. D)Tostopthevotersapprovingthe$212millionbongissue.(A) 题目问Coffman为什么要求展开调查。 文中讲述Coffman要求调查此案是在第六段，除此外再无段落出现相关叙述，因此只要完全理解这一段的意思就可以做出正确的解答。 AtCoffman’srequest,theDistrictAttorneyhasbeguninvestigatingthedistrict’sfinances.CoffmansayshewantstoknowwhetherdistrictofficialshidthebudgetshortageuntilaftertheNovemberelection,whenvotersapproveda$212millionbondissueforschools. 这一段共2句话。第一句指出Coffman要求调查地区财务。第二句是一个长句，主结构是Coffmansays……这样一个主谓宾结构。宾语从句中依然嵌套一个宾语从句hewantstoknowwhether……后面内容的意思是“是否地区官员掩盖了预算短缺问题，直到十一月投票发生以后……”后半句是一个非限制性定语从句，when指代的是十一月投票，意思是在十一月投票中，“投票者通过了二亿一千二百万美元的学校公债事项。”这样，Coffman所怀疑的就是地区官员有可能在十一月投票中掩盖了预算短缺问题，以使公债事项得以通过。 A，看是否有故意掩盖问题的行为。这一说法与文意一致。 B，看一看此事的后果严重到什么程度。这个说法没有着落点。 C，确定学校官员是无辜的。文章没有提到类似的内容。 D，阻止选民通过二亿一千二百万美元的公债事项。理解文意可知，这一公债事项早在十一月投票就已经通过，现在不可能再去阻止。 30.Threehighschoolstudentsstartedawebsiteinorderto________. A)attractgreaterpublicattentiontotheirneeds B)appealtothepublicforcontributionsanddonations C)exposeofficialswhoneglectedtheirduties D)keeppeopleproperlyinformedofthecrisis(D) 题目问三家高中的学生开设了一家网站，其目的是什么。 A，吸引更多的公共关注，以为己用。 B，呼吁公众捐献物资。 C，揭露玩忽职守的官员们。 D，使人们随时得知此次危机事件的真实进展。 文章提到学生建设网站之事是在最后一段。AtCreekHighSchool,three主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses studentsstartedawebsitethatdisplaysnewspaperarticles,districtinformationandanemailforum(论坛)。“Rumorsaboutwhat’shappeningtothedistrictaremovingatlightingspeed,”saidastudent.“Wewantedtoknowthetruth,andspreadthataroundinstead.” 第一句叙述了学生们建设网站的事实，第二句引用了学生们的原话，解释了建设网站的原因。前一句意思是“关于这个地区发生了什么的谣言传得向闪电一样快”，后一句的意思是“我们想去了解真相，然后把真相传播出去。”注意后一句里面使用的时态：wanted用的是一般过去时，表示这一想法是建设网站之初的想法，而不是现在的想法，这样就可推断出这一想法就是建站的目的。四个选项中只有D符合这个意思。PassageThree Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage. “Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise.”SaidDr.HansSelye,thefirstphysiciantodocumenttheeffectsofstressonthebody.Whilehere’sonquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou. Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheystressthatyoucanmanagealsoboostimmune(免疫的)function.InastudyattheAcademicCenterforDentistryinAmsterdam,researchersputvolunteersthroughtwostressfulexperiences.Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsthroughagory(血淋淋的)videoonsurgicalprocedures.ThosewhodidwellonthememorytesthadanincreaseinlevelsofimmunoglobulinA,anantibodythat’sthebody’sfirstlineofdefenseagainstgerms.Thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibody. Stresspromptsthebodytoproducecertainstresshormones.Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovedmemoryfunction.“Theycanhelpnervecellshandleinformationandputitintostorage,”saysDr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversityinNewYork.Butinthelongrunthesehormonescanhaveaharmfuleffectonthebodyandbrain. “Sustainedstressisnotgoodforyou,”saysRichardMorimoto,aresearcheratNorthwesternUniversityinIllinoisstudyingtheeffectsofstressonlongevity,“It’stheoccasionalburstofstressorbriefexposuretostressthatcouldbeprotective.” 31.Thepassageismainlyabout________. A)thebenefitsofmanageablestress B)stayawayfrom C)runoutof D)putupwith(D) 32.Theword“shun”(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans________. A)cutdownon主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses B)stayawayfrom C)runoutof D)putupwith(B) 33.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2001that________. A)peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemory B)peoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestress C)doingchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’shealth D)stresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstgerms(C) 34.IntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3,thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibodybecause________. A)thevideowasnotenjoyableatall B)theoutcomewasbeyondtheircontrol C)theyknewlittleaboutsurgicalprocedures D)theyfeltnopressurewhilewatchingthevideo(B) 35.Dr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversitybelievesthat________. A)aperson’smemoryisdeterminedbythelevelofhormonesinhisbody B)stresshormoneshavelastingpositiveeffectsonthebrain C)shortburstsofstresshormonesenhancememoryfunction D)aperson’smemoryimproveswithcontinuedexperienceofstress(C)首先需要指出的是，这篇文章因真题试卷排版问题出现了许多错漏句的情况，给文意的理解带来了很大的困难，有些题目是根本无法作答的，这一点比较遗憾，我们也只能就能够通畅理解的部分提出一些看法。 这是一篇学术论文性质的文章，主要介绍压力对人体的影响。全篇材料一共四段，第一段开头即引用了一位医生对压力的观点，暗示出本文讨论的是学术级别的论题。之后，文章用一个长句对医生的观点进行了解释。这个长句总体结构比较简单，while引导的从句打头，后面是一个主句。While在这里是“虽然”的意思，表明while引导的内容不是论述的重点，重点在主句当中。主句的意思是几项研究表明(severalstudiessuggest)，如果能够成功应对挑战性环境，那么这种环境对人也是有益的(risetotheoccasion是一个短语，意思是成功应对困难环境)。可以看到，这里的最终观点是挑战性环境(也即压力)可以对人有益，但前提是能够成功应对压力。 第二段描述了上文提到了severalstudies(几项研究)，一共两项研究，第一项是2001年对158家医院护士的调查，文章没有详述研究过程，直接给出了研究结果。第二个是阿姆斯特丹一家牙科研究中心所做的实验：记忆力测试。 第三段对实验结果进行了理论上的分析：短期内荷尔蒙的爆发会产生积极影响(Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect)，如使神经细胞更好地分析、记忆信息(helpnervecellshandleinformationandputitintostorage)。段末指出长期的荷尔蒙影响则会有害于身体健康。最后一段继续引用研究人员的话强调长短期压力对身体的不同影响。 31.Thepassageismainlyabout________. A)thebenefitsofmanageablestress主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses B)stayawayfrom C)runoutof D)putupwith(D) 题目问这篇短文主要写的是什么。 在四级阅读考试中，第一道题即考查对全篇理解的情况比较少见，这种题多数是在最后一道中出现，需要在通读全篇后，综合各种信息再作解答。 本题在试卷印刷方面出了问题，B、C、D三个答案选项错印成了32题的选项，致使本题无法作答。至于本文的中心思想，可以参考前面的分析。 32.Theword“shun”(Line1,Para.1)mostprobablymeans________. A)cutdownon B)stayawayfrom C)runoutof D)putupwith 题目问单词shun最可能是什么意思。 这个单词出现在Humansshouldnottrytoavoidstressanymorethantheywouldshunfood,loveorexercise一句中，该句作为全文开篇句，有提示文章中心论题的作用。文章的中心论题是成功应对压力对人有益，要正确(B)理解这句话必须结合这一中心论题。 Shun前面的半句意思是人类不应设法回避压力，后面是一个比较级morethan，它与前面的not构成notmorethan，表示“大体相当于、只是”的意思，那么后半句的句意就必须能与前半句形成对比。可以想象food、love、exercise应该充当前面stress的角色，而shun应该起的avoid的作用，大体意思也应是回避。前后意思联系起来就是：人类不应设法回避压力，就像不应回避食物、爱和锻炼一样。这里暗含的意思是压力并非有害，而是像食物、爱和锻炼一样对人是有益的，这个意思与文章的中心论题一致，可以认为shun的意义类似于回避。 A，减少 B，远离 C，用完 D，忍受 四个选项中含义回避意义的只有B，因为stayawayfrom可以指远离，在具体语境中也可以指回避。 33.Wecanconcludefromthestudyofthe158nursesin2001that________. A)peopleunderstresstendtohaveapoormemory B)peoplewhocan’tgettheirjobdoneexperiencemorestress C)doingchallengingworkmaybegoodforone’shealth D)stresswillweakenthebody’sdefenseagainstgerms 题目问我们能从2001年对158名护士的研究中得出什么结论。 文章对2001年这项研究的描述仅限于一个长句，本题考查的就是对这个长句的理解。遗憾的是，这里再次出现了排版错误，致使句子结构混乱，意义不清，不过，从大体结构上还是能把握本句的大意。 Ina2001studyof158hospitalnurses,thosewhofacedconsiderablework主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses demandsbutcopedwiththechallengeweremorelikelytosaytheywereingoodhealththanthosewhofelttheystressthatyoucanmanagealsoboostimmune(免疫的)function。 可以看出本句的主语应该是those,而whofacedconsiderableworkdemandsbutcopedwiththechallenge是those的定语从句，修饰those，意思是“那些面对相当大的工作要求却能应对挑战的人”。谓语是由were引导的比较级，意思是“更可能会说他们的健康状况良好”。比谁更有可能说这句话呢?than后面给出了答案：thosewhofeltthey，那些感觉自己如何如何的人。在they后面出现了排版错误，据推断应该是漏掉了感觉的内容，而后面的stressthatyoucanmanagealsoboostimmunefunction应该是另外一个新句子，在stress前面可以补上“thisshowedthatthe”，与后面的句子连成thisshowedthatthestressyoucanmanagealsoboostimmunefunction，意思是“这一实验说明，压力，如果能够成功应对，同样可以提高免疫功能”。 A，压力下的人往往记忆力差。这个实验没有提到压力与记忆力的关系，也许在漏掉的内容中有相关的叙述，但现有情况下无从知晓。 B，无法完成工作的人体验到更大的压力。这个说法同样涉及漏掉的内容。不过前半句已经有“那些面对相当大的工作要求却能应对挑战的人”，那么与此对应的很有可能是“面对工作却无法应对挑战即无法完成的人”。所以说B的说法有可能是正确的。 C，进行挑战性的工作对人的健康有益。这个说法可以排除，因为只有那些进行并能成功完成挑战性工作的人才会更为健康，C的说法缺少条件。 D，压力会减弱人体对细菌的抵抗力。这是另外一个实验的内容。 这样看来，可以确定排除的选项是C和D，而A提到的记忆力与第二个实验的关系比较大，很有可能是迷惑选项，这样最好是选择B。(C)34.IntheexperimentdescribedinParagraph3,thevideo-watchersexperiencedadownturnintheantibodybecause________. A)thevideowasnotenjoyableatall B)theoutcomewasbeyondtheircontrol C)theyknewlittleaboutsurgicalprocedures D)theyfeltnopressurewhilewatchingthevideo(B) 题目问在第三段所描述的实验中，观看视频的人经历了抗体的减少，原因是什么。 文章第三段提到阿姆斯特丹的这所研究中心进行了一项研究，研究分为两组(twostressfulexperiences)，不过文中只描述了其中观看视频的一组，另一组的具体情形没有描述。而从全段来看，这缺失的一组对本题的回答是有帮助的。因此，可以猜测这里在排版时很可能又漏掉了一些内容。另外，对第一组实验的描述也存在问题。Inthefirst,atimedtaskthatrequiredmemorizingalistfollowedbyashorttest,subjectsthroughagoryvideoonsurgicalprocedures，分析这个句子可知它没有谓语，可以把atimedtask看作是主语，thatrequiredmemorizingalist是主语的定语从句。而followedbyashorttest是个省略了which的定语从句(whichwasfollowedbyashort主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses test)，所以follow不是谓语。对follow不是谓语的判断源于by这个词，既然有by，就表示followed是被动语态，那么一定要接在was后面，但这里was省略了，可以就此判断这是个定语从句。这样的话，前半句没有出现谓语，那么后半句呢?后半句中没有一个动词，所以根本不可能存在谓语;subject可以作为动词使用，表示“隶属于”，但文章使用的过去时态，subjects是一般现在时，不符合语法，所以subject不是动词。 这样只能认为这又是一个错句。如此多的错误出现在关键部位，文章的理解尚成问题，也就谈不上正确回答问题了。 A，因为视频一点也不好看。 B，这一结果是他们无法控制的。 C，他们对外科手术过程知之甚少。 D，观看视频时他们感觉不到压力。 35.Dr.BruceMcEwenofRockefellerUniversitybelievesthat________. A)aperson’smemoryisdeterminedbythelevelofhormonesinhisbody B)stresshormoneshavelastingpositiveeffectsonthebrain C)shortburstsofstresshormonesenhancememoryfunction D)aperson’smemoryimproveswithcontinuedexperienceofstress 题目问BruceMcEwen医生认为什么。 可以看出本题考查的是对最后两小段的理解。这两段不难理解，其核心意思是短期压力对人有益，长期压力对人无益。 A，人的记忆力是被身体里的荷尔蒙水平决定的。根据文意，荷尔蒙对人的记忆力产生了一定影响，但称其“决定”了记忆力水平就太夸张了。 B，压力荷尔蒙对大脑有持续的积极影响。文中谈到长期的压力荷尔蒙对人有害(Sustainedstressisnotgoodforyou)，与本选项正好相反。 C，压力荷尔蒙的短期爆发会加强记忆功能。Inshortburststhesehormoneshaveapositiveeffect,includingimprovedmemoryfunction，这一句与C的说法完全一致。 D，随着人不断感受到压力，人的记忆力也随之改善。continuedexperienceofstress可以理解为长期的压力，而根据文意，这种压力对人体是有害的。 C的说法正确。 PassageFour Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage. Ifyouwanttoteachyourchildrenhowtosaysorry,youmustbegoodatsayingityourself,especiallytoyourownchildren.Buthowyousayitcanbequitetricky. Ifyousaytoyourchildren“I’msorryIgotangrywithyou,but...”whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective:“Ihadabadday”or“yournoisewasgivingmeaheadache”leavesthepersonwhohasbeeninjuredfeelingthatheshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology. Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone. Thenthereisthegeneral,allcoveringapology,whichavoidsthenecessityof主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses identifyingaspecificactthatwasparticularlyhurtfulorinsulting,andwhichthepersonwhoisapologizingshouldpromisenevertodoagain.Saying“I’muselessasaparent”doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement. Thesepseudo-apologiesareusedbypeoplewhobelievesayingsorryshowsweakness,Parentswhowishtoteachtheirchildrentoapologizeshouldseeitasasignofstrength,andthereforenotresorttothesepseudo-apologies. Butevenwhenpresentedwithexamplesofgenuinecontrition,childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry.Athree-year-oldmightneedhelpinunderstandingthatotherchildrenfeelpainjustashedoes,andthathittingaplaymateovertheheadwithaheavytoyrequiresanapology.Asix-year-oldmightneedremindingthatspoilingotherchildren’sexpectationscanrequireanapology.A12-year-oldmightneedtobeshownthatraidingthebiscuittinwithoutaskingpermissionisacceptable,butthatborrowingaparent’sclotheswithoutpermissionisnot. 36.Ifamotheradds“but”toanapology,________. A)shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized B)shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt C)thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept D)thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology(D) 37.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostprobablymeans“________”. A)Youhavegoodreasontogetupset B)I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblame C)Iapologizeforhurtingyourfeelings D)I’matfaultformakingyouupset(B) 38.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause________. A)itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises B)itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty C)itisvagueandineffective D)itishurtfulandinsulting(C) 39.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry________. A)thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored B)theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount C)parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample D)parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant(B) 40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis________. A)asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention B)notnecessaryamongfamilymembers C)asignofsocialprogress D)notassimpleasitseems(D)主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses 本文的材料主要内容是告诫父母们如何教导孩子向人道歉，具有很强的社会实用性，也因为这一功能，文章的遣词造句较为平易，使用谆谆教诲的口吻，可使人把阅读的注意力放在告诫的内容上。 全文材料一共6段，按照告诫的内容可分为两大部分。第一部分是一至五段，讲的是父母应该如何言传身教，在需要的时候真诚地向孩子道歉，从而起到榜样作用。最后一段讲述父母们应该使孩子们明白在何种情境下需要道歉。 第一段指出父母在教导孩子如何道歉时应当首先给孩子做出榜样(youmustbegoodatsayingityourself)，点出本文的主要内容，而后以itcanbequitetricky作为详细讲述如何做出榜样的总起句。后面的二到四段分别列举了三种不适宜的道歉方式，第一种是在sorry后面接but解释道歉的原因，这会降低道歉的效果(“but”canrendertheapologyineffective);第二种是I’msorryyou’reupset，暗含对方主动给了别人进行烦扰的机(atfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone);第三种是道歉过于空泛(general)，这种方式往往不会对孩子形成具体的指导(doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement)。 第五段分析了父母们采用上述道歉方式的心理原因：showsweakness，即认为道歉是示弱的表现。随后作者提出了解决方案：shouldseeitasasignofstrength，即把道歉视为一种力量的表现。 最后一段讨论了另外一个话题——告诉孩子在什么情境下需要道歉。对此，作者以三岁、六岁和十二岁小孩为例具体进行了解释。 36.Ifamotheradds“but”toanapology,________. A)shedoesn’tfeelthatsheshouldhaveapologized B)shedoesnotrealizethatthechildhasbeenhurt C)thechildmayfindtheapologyeasiertoaccept D)thechildmayfeelthatheowesheranapology(D) 题目问如果一个母亲在道歉之后又说了“but”，将会怎样。在道歉后说but也就是解释道歉的理由。 A，说明她觉得不应该道歉。 B，说明她没有意识到孩子已经受到了伤害。 C，那么孩子或许会觉得道歉更容易接受。 D，那么孩子或许会觉得他也应该向母亲道歉。 本题考查对第二段的理解。第二段首先指出在道歉之后说but的直接结果：whatfollowsthat“but”canrendertheapologyineffective，but后面的话可能会使道歉无法产生效果。而后作者对出现这一结果的原因做了解释，以“我今天过得不好”、“你吵闹的声音让我头疼”这二句为例，说明这些话会让孩子认为“heshouldbeapologizingforhisbadbehaviorinexpectinganapology”，意思是他也应该为引来父母的道歉而表示道歉。四个选项中含有这个意思的是D。 37.Accordingtotheauthor,saying“I’msorryyou’reupset”mostprobablymeans“________”. A)Youhavegoodreasontogetupset B)I’mawareyou’reupset,butI’mnottoblame C)Iapologizeforhurtingyourfeelings主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses D)I’matfaultformakingyouupset(B) 本题问根据作者的观点，I’msorryyou’reupset最可能的意思是什么。 A，你有很好的烦恼的理由。 B，我知道你很烦恼，但这不应责怪我。 C，我为伤害了你的感情道歉。 D，使你烦恼是我的错。 这个句子出现在第三段：Anothermethodbywhichpeopleappeartoapologizewithoutactuallydoingsoistosay“I’msorryyou’reupset”;thissuggeststhatyouaresomehowatfaultforallowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone。这里一共两个句子，第一句举出“表面道歉实际没有道歉”的另一个例子，即I’msorryyou’reupset。第二句分析了这句话暗含的意思。前半句youaresomehowatfaultfor基本呈现出了主谓宾结构，“你是有错的，因为……”for后面是“你也有错的原因。原因是Allowingyourselftogetupsetbywhattheotherpersonhasdone，直译过来是“允许你自己变得烦恼，被其他人的所作所为”，与全句联系起来的意思是“因为别人做了某事，你就变得烦恼，对此你自己是有责任的”，言下之意是换个人面对这种事就不会烦恼，你烦恼只能是你的错。 C和D的说法都认为错误在到道歉人的一方，可以首先排除。B的说法与上面的分析一致，而A的意思在本句中是无法体现的。38.Itisnotadvisabletousethegeneral,all-coveringapologybecause________. A)itgetsoneintothehabitofmakingemptypromises B)itmaymaketheotherpersonfeelguilty C)itisvagueandineffective D)itishurtfulandinsulting(C) 本题问道歉过于空泛并不是明智之举，原因是什么。 A，这会使人养成空做承诺的习惯。 B，这会使对方感到内疚。 C，这种道歉意思含混，没有效果。 D，这种道歉具有伤害性和侮辱性。 文章第四段谈到了这个问题。第四段的段意分为两个部分，第一部分是个结构复杂的长句，用两个which引导的从句举出空泛道歉的两种例子。第一个例子是并不说明自己的哪一行为带有伤害或侮辱对方的意思(由此可知D的理解是错误的);第二个例子是只笼统说自己再也不会这样了，也就是不具体指出到底不会怎么样了(由此可知A的理解是错误的)。第四段的第二部分道出空泛的道歉之所以不明智是因为它doesnotcommitapersontoanyspecificimprovement，即“并不能使人做出具体的改进”，也就是说道歉过于空泛，使人不知道该在哪里改进，也就谈不上改进。C的说法含有这个意思。 39.Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinteachingchildrentosaysorry________. A)thecomplexitiesinvolvedshouldbeignored B)theiragesshouldbetakenintoaccount C)parentsneedtosetthemagoodexample主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses D)parentsshouldbepatientandtolerant(B) 本题问从最后一段可以得知，在教育孩子道歉的问题上如何如何。 A，相关复杂性应该被忽略。 B，应该把他们的年龄考虑进去。 C，父母们需要给他们树立榜样。 D，父母们应该有耐心，多容忍。 最后一段讲的是如何告诉孩子识别应当道歉的情境。最后一段第一句话对此做了提示：childrenstillneedhelptobecomeawareofthecomplexitiesofsayingsorry，意思是孩子们需要帮助来明白道歉的复杂性。但这一句的意义表达并不十分清晰，通过后来作者所举的三个例子，可知这句话的意思是孩子在分辨什么情况下该道歉什么情况下不需道歉的时候需要帮助。这样就排除了A，而C的说法是前5段的内容，D的说法在第四段里没有相关内容。第四段以三个年龄的孩子为例进行论述，这就说明应当把年龄问题加以考虑，B的说法正确。 40.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatapologizingproperlyis________. A)asocialissuecallingforimmediateattention B)notnecessaryamongfamilymembers C)asignofsocialprogress D)notassimpleasitseems(D) 本题问从这篇材料可以推断出，适宜的道歉方式是…… A，一个急需关注的社会问题。本文讨论的是父母该如何指导孩子道歉，主要论述道歉技巧问题，没有把道歉方式上升到社会问题，“急需关注”的社会问题就更谈不上了。 B，在家庭成员之间不是必需的。文中举出了很多例子来说明父母应以正确的方式来向孩子道歉，可见在作者看来家庭成员之间合适的道歉绝对不能说是可有可无的。 C，社会进步的表现。文章没有提到适宜的道歉方式与社会进步有什么关系。 D，并不像看上去那么简单。前五段一开始指出父母向孩子道歉时应该讲究技巧，所用的词是tricky，而后用了数段具体讲述应当如何讲究技巧，可见适宜的道歉方式并不简单。而父母们往往做不好这一点，即是因为它看似简单，所以D的说法是正确的。主蒸汽及高、低温再热蒸汽系统采用单元制系统，均采用“双管、单管、双管”的布置方式。主蒸汽管道和高温再热蒸汽管道分别从过热器和再热器的出口联箱的两侧引出，然后汇成一根母管，到汽轮机前再分成两根支管分别接入高压缸和中压缸左右侧主汽关断阀和再热关断阀。theoilleveltothenormaloillevel.(2)forthesecondarypreventionoftheleakageofcoolingwaterpipefittings,valvepartsbeforeinstallationtocheck...4.2measurestoeliminatequalitydefectsofcablescablelayinginfrontofthecableconstruction,design,supervisionandconstructionunitstodeliverthedesign,anddrawingthethird.Combinedtheengineeringfieldtofindfault,addingomitteditems.BecausetheunitusedcomputerDCScontrolandaddsagreatdealofcontrolandsignalcables.Soyoushouldcarefullyreview,checksformissingphysicalcable,readyforconstructionandtoverifycablelength,specifications,familiarwiththecablechannelandthedevicelocationandbracketcablebracketonthesectionnumber.Atthetimeofpreparationoftheinventoryofcable,firstofall,theprofessionalcarefullystudyelectricalschematics,inaccordancewiththeprincipleofaccountingthecablepathcablevolume,thenumberofcoresused,totalvolumeanddesigninventorycheckcabletocablewithandwithoutomission,layingofthecableinordertoensuretheprocessdoesnotputacableonecable.Finally,atthetimeofinventory,preparedtotakethesamepaththecablestogether.Inventorypreparationiscompleted,laterineachenclosureaffixedonbothsidesofeachsideofthecableyouwanttolayaccuratelyverifycablelengthsandsetaside.Bridgeshouldbecombined,correctingerrors,avoidstraight,nocablebridgescaffoldingusedintheconstruction,notallowedtouseelectricity(fire)cutting,fixcabletray,cabletrayisnotallowedasaweldinggroundconnectionorcabletraycannotbeusedforotherprocesses
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