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1、Sportisnotonlyphysicallychallenging,butitcanalsobementallychallenging.Criticismfromcoaches,parents,andotherteammates,aswellaspressuretowincancreateanexcessiveamountofanxietyorstressforyoungathletes.Stresscanbephysical,emotional,orpsychological,andresearchhasindic
2、atedthatitcanleadtoburnout(筋疲力尽).Burnouthasbeendescribedasdroppingorquittingofanactivitythatwasatonetimeenjoyable.Theearlyyearsofdevelopmentarecriticalyearsforlearningaboutoneself.Thesportsettingisonewherevaluableexperiencescantakeplace.Youngathletescan,forexampl
3、e,learnhowtocooperatewithothers,makefriendsandgainothersocialskillsthatwillbeusedthroughouttheirlives.Coachesandparentsshouldbeaware,atalltimes,thattheirfeedback(反馈)toyoungsterscangreatlyaffecttheirchildren.Youngstersmaytaketheirparents'andcoaches'criticismstohea
4、rtandfindaflaw(缺陷)inthemselves.Coachesandparentsshouldalsobecautiousthatyouthsportparticipationdoesnotbecomeworkforchildren.Theoutcomeofthegameshouldnotbemoreimportantthantheprocessoflearningthesportandotherlifelessons.Intoday'syouthsportsetting,youngathletesmayb
5、eworryingmoreaboutwhowillwininsteadofenjoyingthemselvesandthesport.Followingagame,manyparentsandcoachesfocusontheoutcomeandfindfaultwithyoungster'sperformances.Positivereinforcementshouldbeprovidedregardlessoftheoutcome.Researchindicatesthatpositivereinforcementm
6、otivatesandhasagreatereffectonlearningthancriticism.Again,criticismcancreatehighlevelsofstress,whichcanleadtoburnout.Betweenabout1910and1930,newartisticmovementsinEuropeanartweremakingthemselvesfeltintheUnitedStates.Americanartistsbecamefamiliarwiththenewartonthe
7、irtripstoParisandattheexhibitionsinthefamousNewYorkgallery(美术馆)"219"(namedafteritsaddressonFifthAvenue)ofthephotographerAlfredStiegliz.ButthemostimportantinthespreadofthemodernmovementsintheUnitedStateswastheArmoryShowof1913heldinNewYork,inwhichtheworksofmanyofth
8、eleadingEuropeanartistswereseenalongwiththeworksofanumberofprogressiveAmericanpainters.MostoftheAmericanmodernistswhowereinfluencedbytheArmoryShowfoundthecityl
