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1、Vol446
2、5April2007
3、doi:10.1038/nature05670LETTERSQuantifyingsocialgroupevolution121,3GergelyPalla,Albert-La´szlo´Baraba´si&Tama´sVicsek1–7Therichsetofinteractionsbetweenindividualsinsocietydominatedbysinglelinks,whereastheco-authorshipdatahavemanyresultsincomple
4、xcommunitystructure,capturinghighlycon-dense,highlyconnectedneighbourhoods.Furthermore,thelinksinnectedcirclesoffriends,familiesorprofessionalcliquesinasocialthephonenetworkcorrespondtoinstantcommunicationevents,cap-3,7–10network.Thankstofrequentchangesintheact
5、ivityandcom-turingarelationshipasithappens.Incontrast,theco-authorshipdatamunicationpatternsofindividuals,theassociatedsocialandcom-7,11–16municationnetworkissubjecttoconstantevolution.OuraCo-authorshipbPhonecallknowledgeofthemechanismsgoverningtheunderlyingcom
6、mun-itydynamicsislimited,butisessentialforadeeperunderstanding17–22ofthedevelopmentandself-optimizationofsocietyasawhole.23,24Wehavedevelopedanalgorithmbasedoncliquepercolationthatallowsustoinvestigatethetimedependenceofoverlappingcommunitiesonalargescale,andth
7、usuncoverbasicrelationshipscharacterizingcommunityevolution.Ourfocusisonnetworkscapturingthecollaborationbetweenscientistsandthecallsbe-tweenmobilephoneusers.Wefindthatlargegroupspersistforlongeriftheyarecapableofdynamicallyalteringtheirmember-ship,suggestingth
8、atanabilitytochangethegroupcompositionresultsinbetteradaptability.Thebehaviourofsmallgroupsdis-playstheoppositetendency—theconditionforstabilityisthatcd0.614theircompositionremainsunchanged.Wealsoshowthatknow-〉12Zip-code0.5Zip-codeledgeofthetimecommitmentofmemb
9、erstoagivencommunityAgeAge10s0.4randcanbeusedforestimatingthecommunity’slifetime.Thesefind-〈n8〉/0.3ingsofferinsightintothefundamentaldifferencesbetweenthe〉/6realreal〈n0.2dynamicsofsmallgroupsandlargeinstitutions.4〈n0.1Thedatasetsweconsiderare(1)themonthlylistof
10、articlesinthe200CornellUniversityLibrarye-printcondensedmatter(cond-mat)02040608010012002040608010012025ssarchivespanning142months,withover30,000authors,and(2)therecordofpho
