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1、外文翻译TryStrategiestoMotivateYourEmployeesMaterialSource:Chopra,S,（美）ModernManagementScience,2007Author:McGraw-HillAbstract:Awiseemployerwillworkoutvariouswaystoretaintheexperiencedandresponsibleemployeesifhereali zestheimportantrolehisemployeesplayinoperations.Inmanagement,th
2、eemployermayadoptstrategiestomotivateemployeesfortheirbetterperformance.Therearevariousstrategiesformotivatingthem.Butthefol lowingonesaresomeofthemostcommontypes.Keywords:employersmanagementstrategymotivate_staffRewardsandpunishmentThisstrategyisbasedonaconceptwhichiscalled
3、behaviormodification.Behaviorthatisrewardedtendstoberepeated,whilebehaviorthatispunishedtendstobeterminated.Therefore,managerscanmodifyemployees'behaviorforbetterperformancethroughsystematicrewardsandpunishment.Forexample,payingabonustoemployeeswhoexceedtheirquotastendstomak
4、ethemworkhardagain.Suspensionofpaywouldforceemployeeswhoareoftenlatetobelatelessoften.Itisgenerallyagreedthatrewardsaremoreeffectivethanpunishmentforthelong-termbehaviorofem ployees,becauserewardsemphasizethepositiveaspectsofthebehaviors,whilepunishmentmaycausenegativeeffect
5、ssuchasanger,resentmentandretaliation.Thatiswhymanagersareverycautiousinusingpunishment.Tomakeemployeesworkeffectively,rewardsmustbejustwhattheywant.Andtheemployeesmustbe lievetheycanperformbetteriftheytryandbeconvincedthattheywillgetrewardsiftheydoperformbetter.Managementby
6、objectivesManagementbyobjectives(MBO)isaprogrammainlyusedtoassistmanagersinsettingandcarryingouttheirplans.However,manymanagersalsothinkthatMBOcanhelpthemimprovehumanrelationsaswell,be causeitallowsemployeestoparticipateinsettingtheirowngoalsandmonitoringtheirprogresstowardt
7、hegoals.Managersbelieve,theemployeeswillbemorehighlymotivatedandwork6moreconscientiously.AtthebeginningofanMBOprogram,eachemployeeisgivenanobjectiveforaperiodoftime.Theobjec tiveissetafteragreementbetweentheemployeeandthemanger.Whentheobjectiveisbeingimplemented,theperforman
8、ceoftheemployeeisreviewedperiodicallytodeterminehis/herprogresstowardtheobj
