资源描述:
《宋明理学 ppt》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。
1、宋明理学Neo-ConfucianismOriginsNeo-ConfucianismhasitsoriginsintheTangDynasty;theConfucianistscholarsHanYuandLiAoareseenasforbearsoftheNeo-ConfucianistsoftheSongDynasty. TheSongDynastyphilosopherZhouDunyiisseenasthefirsttrue"pioneer"ofNeo-Confucianism,usingDaoistmetaphysicsasafr
2、ameworkforhisethicalphilosophy. Neo-ConfucianismdevelopedbothasarenaissanceoftraditionalConfucianideas,andasareactiontotheideasofBuddhismandreligiousDaoism.AlthoughtheNeo-ConfucianistsdenouncedBuddhistmetaphysics,Neo-ConfucianismdidborrowDaoistandBuddhistterminologyandconce
3、pts.BronzestatueofZhouDunyi(周敦颐)inWhiteDeerGrottoAcademy(白鹿洞書院OneofthemostimportantexponentsofNeo-ConfucianismwasZhuXi.Hewasaratherprolificwriter,maintaininganddefendinghisConfucianbeliefsofsocialharmonyandproperpersonalconduct.Oneofhismostrememberedwasthebook FamilyRituals
4、,whereheprovideddetailedadviceonhowtoconductweddings,funerals,familyceremonies,andthevenerationofancestors.Buddhistthoughtsoonattractedhim,andhebegantoargueinConfucianstylefortheBuddhistobservanceofhighmoralstandards.Healsobelievedthatitwasimportanttopracticalaffairsthatone
5、shouldengageinbothacademicandphilosophicalpursuits,althoughhiswritingsareconcentratedmoreonissuesoftheoreticalsignificance.ItisreputedthathewrotemanyessaysattemptingtoexplainhowhisideaswerenotBuddhistorTaoist,andincludedsomeheateddenunciationsofBuddhismandTaoism.AfterZhuXi,
6、WangYangmingiscommonlyregardedasthemostimportantNeo-Confucianthinker.Wang'sinterpretationofConfucianismdeniedtherationalistdualismofZhu'sorthodoxphilosophy.SchoolsNeo-Confucianismisclassicallycategorizedintotwodifferentschoolsofthought.ThemostdominantoftheseschoolswastheChe
7、ng-Zhuschool,basedontheideasofChengYi,ChengHao,andZhuXi.Thelessdominant,opposingschoolwastheLu–Wangschool,basedonthethoughtsWangYangmingandLuJiuyuan.Incontrasttothistwo-branchmodel,theNewConfucianMouZongsanarguesthatthereexistedathirdbranchoflearning,theHu-Liuschool,basedon
8、theteachingsofHuHongandLiuZongzhou.Thesignificanceofthisthirdbranch,accordingtoMou