018_parallel processing

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1、WilliamStallingsComputerOrganizationandArchitecture6thEditionChapter18ParallelProcessing并行处理MultipleProcessorOrganization多处理器的组织Singleinstruction,singledatastream–SISD单指令流,单数据流Singleinstruction,multipledatastream–SIMD单指令流,多数据流Multipleinstruction,singledatastream–MISD多指令流,单数

2、据流Multipleinstruction,multipledatastream-MIMD多指令流,多数据流TaxonomyofParallelProcessorArchitectures并行处理器体系结构分类法SingleInstruction,SingleDataStream–SISD单指令流,单数据流Singleprocessor一个处理器Singleinstructionstream一个指令流Datastoredinsinglememory数据存储在一个存储器中Uni-processor单处理器ParallelOrganizations–S

3、ISD并行组织-单指令流单数据流SingleInstruction,MultipleDataStream–SIMD单指令流,多数据流Singlemachineinstruction一条机器指令Controlssimultaneousexecution控制同步执行Numberofprocessingelements处理元件的数目Lockstepbasis基于同步的基础Eachprocessingelementhasassociateddatamemory每个处理元件都有相关的数据存储器Eachinstructionexecutedondifferen

4、tsetofdatabydifferentprocessors每条指令由不同的处理器对不同组数据进行处理Vectorandarrayprocessors矢量和阵列处理机ParallelOrganizations–SIMD并行组织结构--SIMDMultipleInstruction,SingleDataStream–MISD多指令流，单数据流Sequenceofdata一串数据Transmittedtosetofprocessors传送到一组处理器Eachprocessorexecutesdifferentinstructionsequence每个

5、处理器执行不同的指令序列Neverbeenimplemented从未被实现过ParallelOrganizations-MIMDSharedMemory并行处理—MIMD共享存储器MultipleInstruction,MultipleDataStream-MIMD多指令流，多数据流Setofprocessors一组处理器Simultaneouslyexecutedifferentinstructionsequences并发地执行不同的指令序列Differentsetsofdata不同组数据SMPs,clustersandNUMAsystems均衡

6、式多处理器，机群，非均衡式存储器访问系统ParallelOrganizations–MIMD并行处理MIMDDistributedMemory分布式存储器MIMD–OverviewMIMD概述Generalpurposeprocessors通用处理器Eachcanprocessallinstructionsnecessary每个都可以处理所需的所有指令Furtherclassifiedbymethodofprocessorcommunication根据处理器的通讯方式还可以进一步分类TightlyCoupled–SMP紧耦合--SMPProcess

7、orssharememory处理器共享存储器Communicateviathatsharedmemory通过共享的存储器来通讯SymmetricMultiprocessor(SMP)均衡式多处理器Sharesinglememoryorpool共享一个主存或存储池Sharedbustoaccessmemory通过共享的总线来访问存储器Memoryaccesstimetogivenareaofmemoryisapproximatelythesameforeachprocessor对每个处理器来说对指定区域的存储器的访问时间近似是一样的TightlyCo

8、upled–NUMA紧耦合--NUMANonuniformmemoryaccess非均衡式存储器访问Accesstimes