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时间:2019-11-28
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1、AAbrasive.Ahardandwear-resistantmaterial(commonlyaceramic)thatisusedtowear,grind,orcutawayothermaterial・Absorption.Theopticalphenomenonwherebytheenergyofaphotonoflightisassimilatedwithinasubstance,normallybyelectronicpolarizationorbyanelectronexcitationevent.Accep
2、torlevel.Forasemiconductororinsulator,anenergylevellyingwithinyetnearthebottomoftheenergybandgap,whichmayacceptelectronsfromthevalenceband,leavingbehindholes.Thelevelisnormallyintroducedbyanimpurityatom.Activationenergy(Q).Theenergyrequiredtoinitiateareaction,such
3、asdiffusion・Activationpolarization.Theconditionwhereintherateofanelectrochemicalreactioniscontrolledbytheonesloweststepinasequenceofstepsthatoccurinseries・Addition(orchainreaction)polymerization.Theprocessbywhichbifunctionalmonomerunitsareattachedoneatatime,inchai
4、nlikefashion,toformalinearpolymermacromolecule.Adhesive・Asubstaneethatbondstogetherthesurfacesoftwoothermaterials(termedadherends).Agehardening・SeePrecipitationhardening.Allotropy.Thepossibilityofexistenceoftwoormoredifferentcrystalstructuresforasubstance(generall
5、yanelementalsolid).Alloy.Ametallicsubstancethatiscomposedoftwoormoreelements.480Alloysteel.Aferrous(orironbased)alloythatcontainsappreciableconcentrationsofalloyingelements(otherthanCandresidualamountsofMn,Si,S,andP).Thesealloyingelementsarcusuallyaddedtoimproveme
6、chanicalandcorrosionresistanceproperties.Alternatingcopolymer.Acopolymerinwhichtwodifferentmerunitsalternatepositionsalongthemolecularchain.Amorphous・Havinganoncrystallinestructure.Anelasticdeformation.Time-dependentclastic(nonpermanent)deformation.Anion.Anegative
7、lycharged,nonmetallicion.Anisotropic.Exhibitingdifferentvaluesofapropertyindifferentcrystallographicdirections.Annealing.Agenerictermusedtodenoteaheattreatmentwhereinthemicrostructureand,consequently,thepropertiesofamaterialarcaltered."Annealing"frequentlyrefersto
8、aheattreatmentwherebyapreviouslycold-workedmetalissoftenedbyallowingittorecrystallize.Annealingpoint(glass).Thattemperatureatwhichresidualstressesinagla
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