1、高中定语从句详细讲解(一)定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导定语从句;B、代替先行词;C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。<关系词一般出现在先行词之后,从句之首,只有在充当宾语成分时才能够省>例如: The ma
2、n who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. (该句中,who is shaking hands with my father 是定语从句,修饰先行词the man, “who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。)4.句子的主要成分有:主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语。WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Hepracticesrunningeverymorni
4、theonlypersoninourofficewhowasinvited.(去掉定语从句,意思就不完整)2、非限制性定语从句:从句对先行词关系不密切,去掉定从句,意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开,不能that用引导。e.g.Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworksharddayandnight.(who引导非限制性定语从句,整个句子可分成两句来翻译)(二)关系代词引导的定语从句1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语,宾语还有表语。The boys who are playing football are from Cl
5、ass One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。2.whom 指人,在
6、定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is
7、 our monitor. 老师经常表扬的那个女孩是我们的班长。 注意:关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替,也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.练习:1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whoseB.whoC.who