chapter 4 syntax(090510)

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1、句法学FromWordtoTextModernEnglishLinguisticsStudiesL7ReviewRulesofsoundpatterningRulesofwordformationProduction,transmission,andperceptionofsoundsPhoneticsPhonologyMorphologySyntaxSemanticsPragmaticsInterdisciplinary…???QuestionshittingonyouWhatissyntax?Syntaxisthestudyofru

2、lesgoverningthewaysdifferentconstituentsarecombinedtoformsentences,orthestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenelementsinsentencestructures.Whatonearthisthischapterabout?ConstituentsandsyntaxClausecomplexClausePhrase/wordgroupWordRulesgoverningthewaystheseconstituentsarecombinedt

3、oformsentencesistheconcernofsyntax.Inshort,RulesofsoundpatternRulesofwordformationRulesofwordandwordgroupsincombiningsentencesProduction,transmission,andperceptionofsoundsPhoneticsPhonologyMorphologySyntaxSemanticsPragmaticsInterdisciplinary…???Question2Whatisthischapter

4、about?TodaySyntacticrelations（句法关系）Positionalrelation（位置关系）Relationofsubstitutability（替代性关系）Relationofco-occurrence（同现关系）GrammaticalConstruction（语法结构）GrammaticalconstructionImmediateConstituents（直接成分）EndocentricandExocentricConstructions（向心结构和离心结构）CoordinationandSubordin

5、ation（并列关系和从属关系）SyntacticFunction（句法功能）Subject（主语）Predicate（谓语）Object（宾语）RelationbetweenclassesandfunctionsNextPeriodCategory（范畴）Number(数)Gender（性）Case（格）Agreement(一致关系)Phrase,clauseandsentencePhraseClause（小句）Sentence（句子）Recursiveness（递归性）Conjoining（连接）Embedding（嵌套）Beyon

6、dthesentenceSententialconnectionCohesion（衔接）SyntacticRelations(句法关系)Positionalrelation（位置关系）Theboykickedtheball.NPNPPositionrelation,orWORDORDER（词序）,referstothesequentialarrangementofwordsinalanguage.ViolationofpositionalrelationBoytheballkickedthat.Theballkickedtheboy.T

7、heteachersawthestudents.Thestudentssawtheteacher.---See(Hu,2005:85)(subject)(DirectObject)**UngrammaticalNonsenseGrammaticalbutdifferentinmeaningFirstly,itreferstoclassorsetsofwordssubstitutedforeachothergrammaticallyinsentenceswiththesamestructure.Secondly,itreferstogro

8、upsofmorethanonewordwhichmaybejointlysubstitutablegrammaticallyforasinglewordoraparticularset.---See(Hu