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1、复语英汉互译2009 I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分) IndiaandChinaneedhelptogrow,nothectoring Everytimethereisaspikeinoilprices,orwhenfoodcostsmore,orthereisarenewedworryaboutcarbonandclimatechange,academics,pundits,andthepressimmediatelypointtothehigh-consumptionfutureofIndiaan
2、dChina. Theyarewrongtodosowhenweconsiderthecausesofenergyandfoodchallenges,and,moreimportantly,whenwethinkoftheactionsandpoliciesneededtomanagechangesincomingdecades.IfitisquestionablethatIndiaandChinaaretoblamefortheglobalenergycrunch,itisevenlessacceptab
3、letoexpectthemtoadheretopleastomoderatetheirenergyconsumption. Historically,energyconsumptionhascorrelatedwitheconomicgrowth.Thepresentdebateoverenergyoftenfocusesontwodimensions:climatechange(fromgreenhousegases),andthescarcityoffossilfuels. Withgrowingp
4、opulationsandeconomies,IndiaandChinawillcertainlyconsumeagrowingfractionofglobalresources,buttheyconsumeonly3percentand9percent,respectively,oftheworld'spetroleumtoday.Thegloballeader,theUS,consumesjustunderaquarter. Lookingatfutureoptions,whydoesitmatteri
5、fIndiaandChinaareorarenotsimilarintermsofenergyconsumptionandneeds?Globaltreatiesaimtomodifyfutureconsumption,andmechanismsorformulaethatareconsideredfair(andlikelytoberatified)mustbecognizantofdifferences.Giventhedifferencesintheirsystems,needs,andincentiv
6、es,aproposalmeanttoappealtobothmaynotappealtoeither.Withoutglobalparticipation,nosolutionislikelywork. Chinaalreadyhastheworld'ssecond-largestelectricitygrid,and,atcurrentratesofgrowth,itwillsoonbecomethelargestelectricityproducerintheworld.LikeIndia,mosto
7、fthisisbasedoncoal,theleast“green”oftheleadingfossilfuels. India'spresentinstalledelectricitycapacityisnotinthesameleague.Theresultisthat,forthecomingdecade,itwillnotbeabletogrowatarateanywherenearthatofChina.Inabsolutenetgrowth,theUSwilladdmorethantwiceas
8、muchcapacitythanIndiain2007-08.China'sgrowthofenergyconsumptionhasbeenpositiveforitspopulation.Ithasnowprovidedelectricitytoanestimated98percentofhouseholds,unlikeIndiaorAfrica.Indiahasnotmetitsenergyg
