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1、单克隆抗体MonoclonalAntibodies单克隆抗体抗体的结构与功能单克隆抗体的制备和生产单克隆抗体的改造和应用HumanlymphoidorgansCentrallymphoidorgans??Secondarylymphoidorgans?Thymus,bonemarrowTonsil,adenoid,lymphaticvessels,lymphnodes,spleen,peyer’spatchesinsmallintestine,appendixInnateimmuneresponseAdaptiveimmuneresponseHumoralimmunityCell-medi
2、atedimmunity抗原：进入机体内对机体的免疫系统产生刺激作用的外源物质。包括：蛋白质、多糖、核酸、病毒、细菌、各种细胞等。特点：外源性、结构性（分子表面具有稳定的环状结构基团作为识别位点）、特异性（抗原与抗体的反应）。Antigensaremoleculesthatreactwithantibodies,whereasimmunogensaremoleculesthatinduceanimmuneresponses.Substancesforeigntothebody,suchasdisease-causingbacteriaandvirusesandotherinfectious
3、agents,knownasantigens,arerecognizedbythebody'simmunesystemasinvaders.动物脾脏有上百万个B淋巴细胞，一个细胞就是一个克隆，它针对抗原上的一个抗原决定簇产生的抗体是单克隆抗体。antigendeterminantsimmunodominant一种抗原通常具有多个不同的抗原决定族，因此能刺激多个B淋巴细胞产生相应的单克隆抗体，因此血清中的抗体是针对不同抗原决定族的单克隆抗体混合物，称为多克隆抗体。类别，表位，个体间比例，时间Antibodiesthatariseinananimalinresponsetotypicalant
4、igensareheterogenerous,becausetheyareformedbyseveraldifferentclonesofplasmacells------Polyclonal.Antibodiesthatarisefromasinglecloneofcells,eg,inplasmacelltumor(myeloma)arehomogeneous,theyaremonoclonal.Antibodiesareglobulinproteinsthatreactspecificallywiththeantigenthatstimulatedtheirproduction.Th
5、erearefiveclassesofantibodiesbasedondifferencesontheirheavychains.FunctionsNeutralizetoxinsandvirusOpsonizemicrobesActivatecomplementsPreventattachmentCatalyticcapabilityMonoclonalAntibodyTechnology-TheBasicsSubstancesforeigntothebody,suchasdisease-causingbacteriaandvirusesandotherinfectiousagents
6、,knownasantigens,arerecognizedbythebody'simmunesystemasinvaders.Ournaturaldefensesagainsttheseinfectiousagentsareantibodies,proteinsthatseekouttheantigensandhelpdestroythem.Antibodieshavetwoveryusefulcharacteristics:1)extremelyspecific-eachantibodybindstoandattacksoneparticularantigen.2)someantibo
7、dies,onceactivatedbytheoccurrenceofadisease,continuetoconferresistanceagainstthatdisease;classicexamplesaretheantibodiestothechildhooddiseaseschickenpoxandmeasles.Thesecondcharacteristicofantibodiesmakesitpossibl
