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ID:14280753
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页数:7页
时间:2018-07-27
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1、one1.INTRODUCTION.Theconceptofmanagementandmanagersisintroducedinthischapter.Fivequestionsareaddressed:A.Whoaremanagers?B.Whatismanagement?C.Whatdomanagersdo?D.Whatisanorganization,andhowistheconceptofanorganizationchanging?E.Whystudymanagement?2.WHOAREMANAGERS
2、?Thechangingnatureoforganizationsandworkhasblurredtheclearlinesofdistinctionbetweenmanagersandnon-managerialemployees.Manyworkers’jobsnowincludemanagerialactivities.Definitionsusedinthepastnolongerwork.Howdowedefineamanager?Amanagerisanorganizationalmemberwhowo
3、rkswithandthroughotherpeoplebycoordinatingtheirworkactivitiesinordertoaccomplishorganizationalgoals.However,keepinmindthatmanagersmayhaveotherworkdutiesnotrelatedtointegratingtheworkofothers.Managerscanbeclassifiedbytheirlevelintheorganization,particularlyfortr
4、aditionallystructuredorganizations(thoseshapedlikeapyramid).(SeeExhibit 1.1)First-linemanagersarethelowestlevelofmanagement.They’reoftencalledsupervisors.Middlemanagersincludealllevelsofmanagementbetweenthefirst-linelevelandthetopleveloftheorganization.Topmanag
5、ersincludemanagersatornearthetopoftheorganizationwhoareresponsibleformakingorganizationwidedecisionsandestablishingtheplansandgoalsthataffecttheentireorganization.3.WHATISMANAGEMENT?Managementreferstotheprocessofcoordinatingandintegratingworkactivitiessothatthe
6、y’recompletedefficientlyandeffectivelywithandthroughotherpeople.Theprocessreferstotheongoingfunctionsorprimaryactivitiesengagedinbymanagers.Coordinatingothers’workactivitiesiswhatdistinguishesamanager’sjobfromanon-managerialone.Efficiencyisgettingthemostoutputf
7、romtheleastamountofinputs,thegoalofwhichistominimizeresourcecosts.(SeeExhibit1.2.)Effectivenessiscompletingactivitiessothatorganizationalgoalsareattained;oftendescribedas“doingtherightthings.”(SeeExhibit1.2.)4.WHATDOMANAGERSDO?7Notwomanagers’jobsarealike.Butman
8、agementwritersandresearchershavedevelopedsomespecificcategorizationschemestodescribewhatmanagersdo.We’regoingtolookatfivecategorizationschemes:functionsandprocesses,roles,sk
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