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ID:6574846
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页数:7页
时间:2018-01-18
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1、one1.INTRODUCTION.Theconceptofmanagementandmanagersisintroducedinthischapter.Fivequestionsareaddressed:A.Whoaremanagers?B.Whatismanagement?C.Whatdomanagersdo?D.Whatisanorganization,andhowistheconceptofanorganizationchanging?E.Whystudymanagement?2.WHOAREMANAGERS?Thechangingnatureoforgani
2、zationsandworkhasblurredtheclearlinesofdistinctionbetweenmanagersandnon-managerialemployees.Manyworkers’jobsnowincludemanagerialactivities.Definitionsusedinthepastnolongerwork.Howdowedefineamanager?Amanagerisanorganizationalmemberwhoworkswithandthroughotherpeoplebycoordinatingtheirworka
3、ctivitiesinordertoaccomplishorganizationalgoals.However,keepinmindthatmanagersmayhaveotherworkdutiesnotrelatedtointegratingtheworkofothers.Managerscanbeclassifiedbytheirlevelintheorganization,particularlyfortraditionallystructuredorganizations(thoseshapedlikeapyramid).(SeeExhibit 1.1)Fi
4、rst-linemanagersarethelowestlevelofmanagement.They’reoftencalledsupervisors.Middlemanagersincludealllevelsofmanagementbetweenthefirst-linelevelandthetopleveloftheorganization.Topmanagersincludemanagersatornearthetopoftheorganizationwhoareresponsibleformakingorganizationwidedecisionsande
5、stablishingtheplansandgoalsthataffecttheentireorganization.3.WHATISMANAGEMENT?Managementreferstotheprocessofcoordinatingandintegratingworkactivitiessothatthey’recompletedefficientlyandeffectivelywithandthroughotherpeople.Theprocessreferstotheongoingfunctionsorprimaryactivitiesengagedinb
6、ymanagers.Coordinatingothers’workactivitiesiswhatdistinguishesamanager’sjobfromanon-managerialone.Efficiencyisgettingthemostoutputfromtheleastamountofinputs,thegoalofwhichistominimizeresourcecosts.(SeeExhibit1.2.)Effectivenessiscompletingactivitiessothatorganizationalgoalsareattained;of
7、tendescribedas“doingtherightthings.”(SeeExhibit1.2.)4.WHATDOMANAGERSDO?7Notwomanagers’jobsarealike.Butmanagementwritersandresearchershavedevelopedsomespecificcategorizationschemestodescribewhatmanagersdo.We’regoingtolookatfivecategorizationschemes:functionsandprocesses,roles,sk
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