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1、经济解释听课笔记(8)（Notesonlecturesineconomicinterpretation(8)）Disclaimer:ThisistherecordingofthelectureIheardfromProfessorZhang,withoutreviewbyProfessorZhangWuchang.WithouttheauthorizationofProfessorZhangWuchangandtheFangJinheEconomicResearchCenter,nopersonorinstitutionshallpublish,
2、reprintorusethisarticleforanycommercialpurpose.Thankstotheneedforresearchorlearning,pleasealsonotethesource,thankyou!ThechoiceoflimitationsStevenThepricebehaviorbelow,whichisaninterestingtopicineconomics,butisrarelymentionedinsomeEnglishtextbooks.Idivideitintothreecategories,
3、andtherearetwotypesinthetextbook.Thefirstclassiscalledvalence,pricetaking.Traditionally,thisisthepriceundercompetition,thatistosay,thisdemandcurveismorethanjustasalesperson,it'sflat,anditcansellasmuchaspossible.Eachcustomerdemandcurveisdowntotheright,andthedemandcurveofthemar
4、ketisalsodowntotheright.Butasellerisonlyasmallpartofthemarket,sothedemandcurvehefacesisflat.Hehasnochoicebuttoraisethepricealittlebit,nobodywantsit,andifthepricegoesdown,hecansellitendlessly,sohe'llthinkthere'samarketprice,andhe'llsellitatthemarketprice.Thisiswhateconomicscal
5、ls"perfectcompetition."theanalysisinsideitisveryreluctant,andthereisnowisdom.Anearexampleisgold,forexample,howmuchisthepriceofgoldtoday?Youhavenoreasontosellithigherorlowerthanitsmarketprice.Youcanonlyacceptthepriceofthemarket,soit'scalledtheprice.Myteacherputforwardtheconcep
6、tofpricetaking,whichiswhateverybodycallsitnow.Leavingthisperfectlycompetitivemarket,theseller'sdemandcurveisslopingtotheright,sohecansetthepricehighandsellless;orlowerthepriceandsellmore.Thenyouhavetomakeachoice.It'syours,andyou'regoingtofindaprice.Thisiswhatmyteachercalledpr
7、icesearching,andItranslateforprice,becausetheso-calleddemandcurvetiltstotheright,notyoureallyseetheline,butyoucanfindasuitableprice.Thereisalsoamonopolypricementionedlasttime,andthedemandcurveforeverysellerinthemarketisdownwardsloping,soitisnotabigdealtomonopolizethepriceinpr
8、inciple.Openarestaurant,whereyoucangotoeat,notyoucannoteat,thenyouca
