2012临床执业医师《专业综合》考试大纲》

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2012临床执业医师《专业综合》考试大纲症状与体征单元细目要点　（一）发热（1）概念（2）常见病因和发病机制（3）临床表现（4）常见伴随症状及临床意义（二）咳嗽与咳痰（1）常见原因（2）临床表现（3）伴随症状及临床意义（三）咯血（1）概念（2）常见原因及发病机制（3）临床表现（4）伴随症状及临床意义（四）发绀（1）概念医度在线http://www.yduedu.com/（2）常见原因及发病机制（3）分类与临床表现（4）伴随症状及临床意义（五）呼吸困难（1）常见原因（2）临床常见类型与特点（3）临床意义（六）呼吸频率、深度及节律变化（1）呼吸频率变化及临床意义（2）呼吸深度变化及临床意义（3）呼吸节律变化及临床意义（七）语音震颤临床意义（八）叩诊音胸部异常叩诊音及临床意义（九）呼吸音（1）正常呼吸音及听诊特点（2）异常呼吸音及临床意义（十）啰音（1）湿啰音发生机制、听诊特点、分类及临床意义（2）干啰音发生机制、听诊特点、分类及临床意义（十一）胸膜摩擦音听诊特点及临床意义（十二）水肿（1）常见病因（2）发病机制（3）临床表现（4）临床意义methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （十三）心悸（1）常见病因（2）临床意义（十四）胸痛（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）临床意义（十五）晕厥（1）常见病因（2）分类与主要临床特点（十六）颈静脉怒张（1）常见病因（2）检查方法（3）临床意义（十七）心前区震颤（1）常见病因（2）产生机制（3）检查方法（4）临床意义（十八）心界（1）正常心界范围（2）心界变化及临床意义（十九）心音（1）心音的组成（2）听诊特点及临床意义（二十）心音分裂（1）心音分裂的种类（2）听诊要点（3）临床意义（二十一）额外心音（1）心脏瓣膜听诊区定位（2）产生机制及类型（3）听诊特点（4）临床意义（二十二）心脏杂音（1）主要类型（2）产生机制（3）听诊要点（4）临床意义（二十三）心包摩擦音（1）听诊特点（2）临床意义（二十四）周围血管征（1）常见病因（2）产生机制（3）检查方法和临床意义（二十五）恶心与呕吐（1）常见病因（2）产生机制（3）临床表现及意义（二十六）进食梗噎、疼痛、吞咽困难（1）常见病因（2）产生机制methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （3）临床表现及意义（二十七）腹痛（1）常见原因（2）发病机制（3）常见伴随症状（4）临床表现及意义（二十八）腹泻　1.急性腹泻（1）常见原因（2）发病机制（3）临床表现及意义2.慢性腹泻（1）常见原因（2）发病机制（3）临床表现及意义（二十九）呕血及便血（1）常见出血病因及出血部位（2）不同出血量的病理生理改变与临床表现（3）伴随症状、体征及临床意义（4）食管静脉曲张破裂与非食管静脉曲张出血的区别（5）出血量与活动性判断（三十）便秘（1）常见原因（2）临床表现及意义（三十一）蜘蛛痣特点及意义（三十二）腹壁静脉曲张特点及意义（三十三）黄疸（1）正常胆红素代谢（2）黄疸病因、分类及辅助检查（3）黄疸鉴别诊断（三十四）腹水（1）常见原因（2）发病机制（3）1临床表现（4）辅助检查及意义（三十五）肝大（1）常见原因与机制（2）诊断方法（3）常见疾病的鉴别诊断（三十六）脾大（1）正常脾脏的体表投影位置（2）引起脾肿大的常见原因（3）体格检查时脾肿大的测量方法及临床常用脾肿大分度标准（三十七）腹部肿块（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）常见伴随症状（4）临床意义methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （5）诊断方法（三十八）排尿异常（1）多尿、少尿、无尿、尿失禁的概念及临床意义（2）夜尿增多的概念及临床意义（三十九）尿路刺激征（1）概念（2）临床意义（四十）异常白带（1）概念（2）病因和发病机制（3）临床表现（4）常见伴随症状（5）临床意义（四十一）异常阴道流血（1）概念（2）分类（3）病因和发病机制（4）临床表现（5）常见伴随症状（6）临床意义（四十二）外阴瘙痒（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）临床意义（四十三）淋巴结肿大（1）肿大淋巴结的触诊内容（2）常见原因（3）临床意义（四十四）紫癜（1）概念（2）常见原因（3）临床表现及其与充血性皮疹的鉴别（4）临床意义（四十五）意识障碍（1）概念（2）常见原因（3）临床表现（4）伴随症状及临床意义（5）意识状态评估Glasgow昏迷评分法和传统评估方法（四十六）头痛（1）概念（2）常见原因（3）临床表现（4）伴随症状及临床意义医学|教育网搜集整理疾病（按照人体系统排列）系统疾病疾病的各个方面一、呼吸系统（一）慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）（1）概述（2）病因和发病机制（3）病理生理methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （4）临床表现（5）辅助检查（6）诊断与鉴别诊断（7）并发症（8）治疗和预防（二）肺动脉高压与肺源性心脏病　1.继发性肺动脉高压（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗2.特发性肺动脉高压（1）流行病学（2）病因和发病机制（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗3.肺源性心脏病（1）流行病学（2）病因和发病机制（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗（三）支气管哮喘（1）概念（2）病因和发病机制（3）临床表现（4）辅助检查（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗与预防（四）支气管扩张（1）概念（2）病因和发病机制（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）并发症（6）治疗（五）肺炎概述1.肺炎球菌肺炎（1）病因与发病机制（2）临床表现（3）辅助检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）并发症（6）治疗2.葡萄球菌肺炎（1）病因与发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 3.肺炎克雷伯杆菌肺炎（1）病因与发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗4.肺炎支原体肺炎（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗（六）肺脓肿（1）概念（2）病因和发病机制（3）临床表现（4）辅助检查（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗（七）肺结核（1）病因与发病机制（2）临床表现（3）辅助检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）并发症（6）治疗和预防（八）肺癌（1）病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗（九）肺血栓栓塞症（1）概念（2）危险因素（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗（十）呼吸衰竭（1）概述（2）病因、分类和发病机制1.急性呼吸衰竭（1）病因（2）临床袁现（3）诊断（4）治疗2.慢性呼吸衰竭（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗（十一）急性呼吸窘迫综合征与多器官功能障碍综合征　1.急性肺损伤与急性呼吸窘迫综合征（1）概念（2）病因和发病机制（3）临床表现（4）辅助检查methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗2.呼吸支持技术（1）氧疗（2）人工气道的建立与管理（3）机械通气3.系统性炎症反应综合征与多器官功能障碍综合征概念（十二）胸腔积液、脓胸　1.胸腔积液（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）辅助检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）结核性胸膜炎的治疗2.急、慢性脓胸（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗（十三）胸部损伤　1.损伤性气胸（1）闭合性气胸的治疗（2）开放性气胸的病理生理（3）开放性气胸急救处理（4）胸膜腔闭式引流的适应证（5）张力性生气胸的临床表现（6）张力性气胸的急救处理2.损伤性血胸（1）血胸的来源（2）损伤性血胸的病理生理（3）进行性出血的判定标准（4）治疗3.肋骨骨折（1）解剖特点（2）多根多处肋骨骨折（胸壁软化）的病理生理（3）肋骨骨折的临床表现（4）肋骨骨折的治疗（十四）纵隔肿瘤　1.纵隔分区法　2.纵隔肿瘤好发部位　二、心血管系统（一）心力衰竭　1.基本知识（1）基本病因及诱因（2）心力衰竭的类型（3）病理生理（4）心功能分级2.慢性心力衰竭（1）临床表现（2）诊断与鉴别诊断（3）治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （4）顽固性心力衰竭的定义及对策3.急性心力衰竭（1）急性心力衰竭的病因（2）临床表现（3）急性左心衰竭的抢救措施（二）心律失常　1.窦性心律失常（1）病因和临床意义（2）病态窦房结综合征的心电图表现及处理原则（3）窦性心动过速的临床表现、心电图特点及处理原则（4）窦性心动过缓的临床表现、心电图特点及处理原则2.室上性心律失常（1）房性期前收缩的常见病因、心电图表现及治疗（2）心房颤动的常见病因、临床表现、心电图特点及治疗（3）阵发性室上性心动过速的常见病因、临床表现、心电图改变及治疗3.室性心律失常（1）阵发性室性心动过速的常见病因、临床表现、心电图改变及治疗（2）心室颤动的常见病因、临床表现、心电图改变和治疗（3）室性期前收缩的常见病因、心电图改变和治疗4.心脏传导阻滞（1）房宣传导阻滞及室内传导阻滞的常见病因及心电图表现（2）房室传导阻滞的治疗（三）心脏骤停和心脏性猝死（1）定义（2）病因（3）心脏骤停的临床表现（4）心脏骤停的处置和疗效判断（四）高血压　原发性高血压（1）高血压的概念和分类（2）主要临床表现和并发症（3）诊断和鉴别诊断（4）治疗目的和靶血压（5）治疗（6）主要降压药物的作用特点及副作用（7）特殊人群的降压问题：糖尿病、慢性肾脏疾病、脑血管病、老年人、高血压急症（8）顽固性高血压的概念和主要原因（五）冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（1）主要危险因素（2）血脂紊乱的分类、诊断及治疗（3）缺血性心脏病的分类（4）心绞痛的发病机制、临床分类、临床表现、诊断与鉴别诊断、辅助检查（5）治疗（6）急性心肌梗死的发病机制、临床表现、心电图和血清心肌损伤标志物（CK，CK--MB和Tn）水平改变、诊断与鉴别诊断、并发症和治疗、心功能Killip分级（六）心脏瓣膜病　methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 1.二尖瓣狭窄（1）病因和病理生理要点（2）临床表现（3）X线和超声心动图检查（4）并发症（5）治疗2.二尖瓣关闭不全（1）病因和病理生理要点（2）临床表现（3）X线和超声心动图检查（4）并发症（5）治疗3.主动脉瓣狭窄（1）病因和病理生理要点（2）临床表现（3）X线、超声心动图和心电图检查（4）并发症（5）治疗4.主动脉瓣关闭不全（1）病因和病理生理要点（2）临床表现（3）X线和超声心动图检查（4）并发症（5）治疗（七）感染性心内膜炎临床分型自体瓣膜亚急性感染性心内膜炎（1）常见致病微生物（2）临床表现（3）并发症（4）辅助检查（5）超声心动图检查（6）诊断（7）防治原则（八）心肌疾病　1.心肌病概念和分类2.扩张型心肌病（1）临床表现（2）辅助检查：X线检查、超声心动图等（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗3.肥厚型心肌痛（1）临床表现（2）辅助检查：X线检查、超声心动图等（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗4.心肌炎（1）病因和分类（2）病毒性心肌炎的临床表现、诊断和治疗（九）心包疾病和心脏损伤　急性心包炎（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）辅助检查：X线检查、超声心动图、心电图等methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （4）鉴别诊断（5）治疗（6）心包穿刺术的指征和注意事项（7）心脏压塞的临床表现和治疗（十）休克　1.概论（1）发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断与监测（4）治疗2.低血容量休克（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗3.感染性休克（1）常见致病菌和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）治疗4.过敏性休克（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗（十一）周围血管疾病分类1.动脉粥样硬化性外周血管疾病（1）危险因素（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗2.血栓闭塞性脉管炎（Buerger痛）（1）病因及病理（2）临床表现和分期（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗3.下肢静脉疾病（1）下肢静脉解剖和生理（2）单纯性下肢静脉曲张的病因、发病机制、诊断与治疗（3）下肢深静脉血栓形成三、消化系统（一）食管、胃、十二指肠疾病　1.胃食管反流病（1）发病机制（2）临床表现（3）辅助检查（4）诊断（5）治疗2.食管癌（1）病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗3.胃、十二指肠的解剖（1）胃的解剖与生理（2）十二指肠的解剖methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 4.急性胃炎（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗5.慢性胃炎（1）病因和发病机制（2）病理改变（3）临床表现（4）辅助检查（5）诊断（6）治疗　（1）概念（2）病因和发病机制（3）病理改变（4）临床表现6.消化性溃疡（5）并发症医度在线http://www.yduedu.com/（6）辅助检查（7）诊断与鉴别诊断（8）内科治疗（9）手术治疗消化性溃疡的理论基础（10）胃、十二指肠溃疡外科治疗的适应证（11）主要手术目的、方法及术后并发症（12）急性穿孔的诊断、治疗、手术指征（13）大出血的诊断、手术指征（14）瘢痕性幽门梗阻的临床表现、诊断、治疗7.胃癌（1）早期胃癌的概念（2）病理（3）临床表现与诊断（4）治疗（二）肝脏疾病　1.肝硬化（1）病因和发病机制（2）病理改变（3）临床表现（4）并发症（5）辅助检查（6）诊断与鉴别诊断（7）治疗2.门静脉高压症（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）外科治疗3.肝性脑病（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）辅助检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （6）治疗（7）预防4.肝脓肿（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗5.肝癌（1）病因及病理（2）临床表现（3）辅助检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗（三）胆道疾病　1.解剖（1）胆囊与肝外胆管的解剖（2）胆管、胰管与十二指肠汇合部解剖2.胆囊结石（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）胆囊切除术适应证及手术方式3.急性胆囊炎（1）临床表现和诊断（2）急诊手术适应证4.肝外胆管结石（1）临床表现（2）治疗5.急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎（1）病因（2）临床表现和诊断（3）治疗6.胆管癌（1）临床表现（2）诊断（四）胰腺疾病　1.急性胰腺炎（1）病因和发病机制（2）病理改变（3）临床表现（4）主要全身并发症及局部并发症（5）辅助检查（6）诊断与鉴别诊断（7）内科治疗（8）外科治疗的适应证、治疗2.胰头癌与壶腹周围癌（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗（五）肠道疾病　1.克罗恩病（1）病理改变（2）临床表现及并发症（3）辅助检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （5）治疗2.溃疡性结肠炎（1）病理改变（2）临床表现（3）并发症（4）辅助检查（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗3.肠易激综合征（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗4.肠梗阻（1）病因和分类（2）病理和病理生理变化（3）临床表现和诊断（4）各种类型肠梗阻的特点（5）各类肠梗阻的治疗5.结肠癌（1）病因、病理和分期（2）临床表现和诊断（3）治疗及预后6.肠结核（1）病因和发病机制（2）病理改变（3）临床表现（4）辅助检查（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗7.结、直肠息肉（1）病理类型（2）临床表现（3）诊断依据（4）治疗（六）阑尾炎　1.急性阑尾炎（1）阑尾的解剖与生理（2）阑尾炎的病因和病理类型（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）阑尾炎的并发症（6）治疗与手术并发症（7）特殊类型阑尾炎2.慢性阑尾炎（1）病因和病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗（七）直肠肛管疾病　1.解剖（1）直肠的解剖（2）肛管的解剖（1）概念methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 2.肛裂、直肠肛管周围脓肿、肛瘘、痔和直肠息肉（2）诊断（3）治疗3.直肠癌（1）临床表现与诊断（2）手术方法及适应证（八）消化道大出血（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗（九）腹膜炎　1.急性化脓性腹膜炎（1）腹膜的解剖与生理（2）原发性和继发性腹膜炎病因及常见致病菌（3）病理生理（4）临床表现和诊断（5）治疗2.腹腔脓肿　（1）膈下脓肿的诊断和治疗（2）盆腔脓肿的诊断和治疗3.结核性腹膜炎　（1）病因和发病机制（2）病理改变（3）临床表现（4）辅助检查（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗（十）腹外疝　1.腹股沟区解剖　（1）腹股沟管结构（2）Hesselbach三角组成（3）股管结构2.腹股沟疝（1）腹股沟疝的发病机制及临床类型（2）斜疝与直疝的鉴别诊断（3）腹股沟疝的手术治疗（4）嵌顿性和绞窄性疝的治疗3.股疝　（1）诊断要点（2）治疗（十一）腹部损伤　1.概论　（1）临床表现（2）腹部闭合性损伤的诊断要点、主要辅助诊断方法（3）腹部闭合性损伤的治疗，急诊手术探查的指征、顺序（4）腹部闭合性损伤非手术探查的指征、观察项目和要求2.常见腹部脏器损伤　（1）脾、肝、胰损伤的临床特点与治疗（2）小肠、结肠、直肠损伤的临床特点与治疗四、泌尿系统（含男性生殖系统）（一）尿液检查　1.血尿（1）概念（2）引起血尿的常见原因methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （3）肾小球源性血尿与非肾小球源性血尿的鉴别2.蛋白尿（1）概念（2）分类3.管型尿（1）概念（2）分类（二）肾小球疾病　1.概述（1）发病机制（2）原发性肾小球疾病的临床与病理分类2.急性肾小球肾炎（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗3.急进性肾小球肾炎（1）概念（2）常见病因（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗4.慢性肾小球肾炎（1）临床表现（2）诊断与鉴别诊断（3）治疗5.肾病综合征（1）诊断标准（2）继发性肾病综合征的常见原因及主要特点（3）糖皮质激素的应用（4）其他治疗（5）并发症的防治6.IgA肾病（1）概念及诊断依据（2）临床表现（三）泌尿、男性生殖器感染　1.急性肾盂肾炎（1）诊断与鉴别诊断（2）治疗2.慢性肾盂肾炎（1）诊断标准（2）治疗3.急性膀胱炎（1）临床表现（2）治疗4.无症状细菌尿（1）临床表现（2）治疗5.前列腺炎（1）临床表现（2）治疗（四）肾结核（1）病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗（五）尿路结石　methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 1.概述（1）形成结石的因素（2）尿路结石成分及性质（3）病理生理2.上尿路结石（1）临床表现（2）诊断与鉴别诊断（3）治疗3.膀胱结石（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗（六）泌尿、男性生殖系统肿瘤　1.肾肿瘤（1）病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗2.膀胱肿瘤（1）病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗3.前列腺癌（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗（七）泌尿系统梗阻　1.概论（1）病因（2）病理生理　2.肾积水（1）诊断（2）治疗　3.良性前列腺增生症（1）病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗　4.急性尿潴留（1）病因（2）治疗      （八）泌尿系统损伤　1.肾损伤（1）病因及病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗2.球部尿道损伤（1）病因及病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 3.后尿道损伤（1）病因及病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗（九）泌尿、男性生殖系统先天性畸形及其他疾病　1.隐睾（1）病因（2）诊断（3）治疗2.鞘膜积液（1）病因及病理（2）诊断（3）治疗（十）肾功能不全　1.急性肾衰竭（1）概念（2）急性肾小管坏死的病因、临床表现及鉴别诊断（3）治疗2.慢性肾衰竭（1）慢性肾脏病概念（2）常见病因（3）慢性肾脏病分期（4）肾功能恶化诱因（5）临床表现（6）非透析治疗（7）透析指征五、女性生殖系统（一）女性生殖系统解剖　1.外生殖器外阴的范围和组成2.内生殖器内生殖器及其功能3.女性生殖器官血管、淋巴和神经（1）血管及其分支（2）淋巴分布与生殖器官淋巴的流向（3）内外生殖器官神经支配4.骨盆（1）骨盆的组成（2）骨盆的分界（3）骨盆的类型5.骨盆底（1）骨盆底（2）会阴6.邻近器官内生殖器与邻近器官的关系（二）女性生殖系统生理　1.女性一生各阶段的生理特点（1）胎儿期（2）新生儿期（3）儿童期（4）青春期（5）性成熟期（6）绝经过渡期（7）绝经后期methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 2.卵巢功能与卵巢周期性变化（1）卵巢的功能（2）卵巢周期性变化（3）卵巢性激素的合成及分泌3.子宫内膜的周期性变化与月经（1）子宫内膜的组织学变化（2）月经4.生殖器其他部位的周期性变化（1）输卵管的周期性变化（2）宫颈黏液的周期性变化（3）阴道黏膜的周期性变化5.月经周期的调节（1）下丘脑促性腺激素释放激素（2）腺垂体对卵巢功能的调节（3）卵巢性激素的反馈调节（三）妊娠生理　1.妊娠概念2.受精及受精卵发育、输送与着床（1）受精卵的形成（2）着床3.胎儿发育及生理特点（1）胎儿发育分期（2）不同孕龄胎儿发育特征（3）胎儿生理特点4.胎儿附属物的形成及其功能（1）胎盘的形成及其功能（2）胎膜的形成及其功能（3）脐带的形成及其功能（4）羊水的形成及其功能5.妊娠期母体变化（1）生殖系统的变化（2）乳房的变化（3）循环系统的变化（4）血液系统的变化（5）泌尿系统的变化（6）呼吸系统的变化（7）消化系统的变化（8）皮肤的变化（9）内分泌系统的变化（10）新陈代谢的变化（11）骨骼、关节及韧带的变化（四）妊娠诊断　1.妊娠分期分期2.早期妊娠的诊断（1）症状与体征（2）辅助检查3.中晚期妊娠的诊断（1）病史与症状（2）体征与检查（3）辅助检查4.胎产式、胎先露、胎方位（1）胎产式（2）胎先露（3）胎方位methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （五）孕期监护与孕期保健　1.围生医学概念（1）围生医学范畴（2）围生期概念2.孕妇监护（1）产前检查的时间（2）首次产前检查的内容（3）复诊产前检查3.孕妇管理（1）孕产期系统保健的三级管理（2）孕产妇系统保健手册（3）高危妊娠进行筛查、监护及管理4.胎儿监护（1）胎儿宫内状况的监护（2）胎儿成熟度检查5.孕期用药（1）药物对胎儿的影响（2）孕期用药的基本原则（3）药物对胎儿的危害性等（六）正常分娩　1.影响分娩的因素（1）产力（2）产道（3）胎儿（4）精神心理因素2.枕先露的分娩机制　3.先兆临产及临产的诊断（1）先兆临产（2）临产4.分娩的临床经过及处理（1）总产程及产程分期（2）第一产程的临床经过及处理（3）第二产程的临床经过及处理（4）第三产程的临床经过及处理（七）正常产褥　1.产褥期概念2.产褥期母体变化（1）生殖系统（2）乳房（3）循环系统及血液系统3.产褥期临床表现（1）生命体征（2）子宫复旧（3）产后宫缩痛（4）恶露（5）褥汗4.产褥期处理及保健（1）产褥期处理（2）产褥期保健（3）母乳喂养（八）病理妊娠　1.流产（1）概念（2）病因（3）临床表现及临床类型methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （4）诊断（5）鉴别诊断（6）处理2.早产（1）概念、病因（2）临床表现及诊断（3）鉴别诊断（4）处理3.过期妊娠（1）概念（2）病因（3）病理（4）诊断（5）对母儿的影响（6）处理4.异位妊娠（1）病因（2）病理（3）临床表现及诊断（4）鉴别诊断（5）治疗5.妊娠期高血压疾病（1）概念（2）子痫前期--子痫高危因素及病因学说（3）子痫前期--子痫基本病理生理变化（4）子痫前期--子痫对母儿的影响（5）分类（6）诊断（7）鉴别诊断（8）治疗（9）预防（10）HELLP综合征6.妊娠剧吐（1）病因（2）临床表现及诊断（3）鉴别诊断（4）治疗7.胎盘早剥（1）概念（2）病因（3）病理（4）临床表现及诊断（5）鉴别诊断（6）并发症（7）对母儿的影响（8）处理8.前置胎盘（1）概念（2）病因（3）分类（4）临床表现及诊断methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （5）鉴别诊断（6）对母儿的影响（7）处理9.双胎妊娠　（1）概念（2）分类（3）并发症（4）诊断（5）处理10.巨大胎儿及肩难产　（1）概念（2）诊断（3）处理11.羊水过多　（1）概念（2）病因（3）临床表现及诊断（4）鉴别诊断（5）对母儿影响（6）处理12.羊水过少　（1）概念（2）病因（3）临床表现及诊断（4）对母儿的影响（5）处理13.胎儿生长受限　（1）概念（2）病因（3）分类与临床表现（4）诊断（5）处理14.死胎　（1）概念（2）病因（3）诊断（4）处理15.胎膜早破　（1）概念（2）病因（3）诊断（4）对母儿的影响（5）处理16.胎儿窘迫（1）病因（2）临床表现及诊断（3）处理（九）妊娠合并症　1.妊娠合并心脏病（1）妊娠对心血管系统的影响（2）种类和对妊娠的影响（3）对胎儿影响（4）常见并发症methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （5）诊断（6）处理2.妊娠合并急性病毒性肝炎　（1）妊娠期肝脏的生理变化（2）妊娠对病毒性肝炎的影响（3）病毒性肝炎对妊娠的影响（4）临床表现及诊断（5）鉴别诊断（6）处理（7）预防3.妊娠合并糖尿病　（1）类型（2）妊娠期糖代谢的特点（3）妊娠与糖尿病的相互影响（4）临床表现及诊断（5）处理（十）遗传咨询、产前筛查、产前诊断　（1）遗传咨询的目的、对象、程序（2）产前筛查常用方法（3）产前诊断的对象、方法（十一）异常分娩　1.产力异常（1）分类（2）子宫收缩乏力的原因、临床特点和诊断（3）子宫收缩乏力对母儿的影响（4）子宫收缩乏力的预防与处理（5）子宫收缩过强的分类、诊断、处理2.产道异常（1）狭窄骨盆的分类、诊断、对母儿影响及处理（2）软产道异常的分类3.胎位异常（1）临床分类（2）持续性枕后（横）位的诊断、处理（3）臀先露的分类、诊断、处理（4）肩先露的诊断、处理4.异常分娩的诊治要点　（1）诊断要点（2）处理要点（十二）分娩期并发症　1.子宫破裂　（1）病因（2）分类（3）临床表现及诊断（4）鉴别诊断（5）处理（6）预防2.产后出血　（1）概念、病因（2）诊断（3）处理（4）预防3.羊水栓塞　（1）概念（2）相关因素methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （3）病因及病理生理（4）临床表现（5）诊断（6）处理（7）预防4.脐带先露与脐带脱垂　（1）病因（2）对母儿的影响（3）诊断（4）处理及预防（十三）异常产褥　1.产褥感染　（1）产褥感染与产褥病率的概念（2）病因（3）病理及临床表现（4）诊断及鉴别诊断（5）处理2.晚期产后出血　（1）病因（2）临床表现及诊断（3）处理3.产褥中暑　（1）病因（2）临床表现及诊断（3）鉴别诊断（4）处理（十四）女性生殖系统炎症　1.生殖道生理防御机制防御机制2.细菌性阴道病　（1）诊断（2）鉴别诊断（3）处理3.外阴阴道念珠茵病（假丝酵母菌病）　（1）病因医度在线http://www.yduedu.com/（2）传播途径（3）临床表现及分类（4）诊断（5）处理4.滴虫阴道炎　（1）病因（2）传播途径（3）临床表现及诊断（4）处理5.萎缩性阴道炎　（1）病因（2）临床表现及诊断（3）处理6.宫颈炎症　（1）病因（2）病理（3）临床诊断（4）处理7.盆腔炎症（1）发病诱因methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 　（2）病理（3）临床表现及诊断（4）处理（十五）外阴上皮非瘤样病变（1）外阴硬化性苔癣（2）外阴鳞状上皮增生（十六）女性生殖器官肿瘤　1.外阴癌　（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）临床分期（4）处理2.宫颈癌　（1）病因（2）组织发生及病理（3）转移途径（4）临床分期（5）临床表现（6）诊断与鉴别诊断（7）治疗（8）预后及随访（9）预防3.子宫肌瘤　（1）分类（2）病理（3）变性（4）临床表现（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）处理（7）子宫肌瘤合并妊娠4.子宫内膜癌　（1）病因（2）病理（3）转移途径（4）分期（5）临床表现（6）诊断（7）鉴别诊断（8）治疗5.卵巢肿瘤　（1）组织学分类及分级（2）卵巢恶性肿瘤转移途径（3）卵巢恶性肿瘤临床分期（4）临床表现（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）良、恶性卵巢肿瘤鉴别诊断（7）并发症（8）治疗（9）随访与监测（十七）妊娠滋养细胞疾病概念及分类methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 　1.葡萄胎　（1）发病相关因素（2）病理（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗及随访2.妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤　（1）病理（2）临床表现及诊断（3）鉴别诊断（4）治疗及随访（十八）生殖内分泌疾病　1.功能失调性子宫出血　（1）病因及病理生理（2）病理（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗2.闭经　（1）病因与分类（2）诊断及诊断步骤（3）处理3.多囊卵巢综合征（1）病理生理与内分泌特征（2）病理（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗4.绝经综合征　（1）概念（2）内分泌变化（3）临床表现（4）诊断（5）治疗（十九）子宫内膜异位症和子宫腺肌病　1.子宫内膜异位症　（1）概念与病因（2）病理（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）处理2.子宫腺肌病　（1）概念与病因（2）病理特征（3）临床表现及诊断（4）治疗（二十）女性生殖器损伤性疾病　1.子宫脱垂　（1）概念与病因（2）临床分度methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （3）临床表现（4）诊断（5）处理及预防2.尿瘘　（1）病因及分类（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）预防和治疗（二十一）不孕症与辅助生殖技术　（1）不孕症的概念和分类（2）不孕症病因（3）不孕症检查与诊断（4）不孕症治疗（5）辅助生殖技术概念、方法（二十二）计划生育　1.计划生育概念　2.宫内节育器避孕　（1）种类（2）避孕机制（3）放置与取出（4）不良反应（5）并发症3.甾体激素药物避孕　（1）避孕机制（2）适应证与禁忌证（3）常用类型及用法（4）药物不良反应及处理4.屏障避孕　（1）男用避孕套（2）女用避孕套5.其他避孕方法　（1）紧急避孕（2）自然避孕（3）其他避孕6.输卵管绝育术　（1）适应证（2）禁忌证（3）并发症7.人工流产　（1）概念（2）药物流产（3）手术流产8.避孕方法的知情选择　（1）新婚期（2）哺乳期（3）生育后期（4）绝经过渡期（二十三）妇女保健　（1）各期保健内容（2）统计指标六、血液系统　（一）贫血　1.贫血概述　（1）概念（2）分类methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （3）临床表现（4）诊断（5）治疗2.缺铁性贫血　（1）概念（2）铁代谢（3）病因和发病机制（4）临床表现（5）实验室检查（6）诊断与鉴别诊断（7）治疗3.再生障碍性贫血　（1）分型（2）病因和发病机制（3）急性再障和慢性再障的临床表现及实验室检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗4.溶血性贫血　（1）发病机制分类（2）临床表现（3）实验室检查（4）诊断步骤（5）自身免疫性溶血性贫血的分型、诊断及治疗（6）溶血性贫血脾切除治疗的适应证（二）白血病　1.急性白血病　（1）FAB分型和MICM分型（2）临床表现（3）血象和骨髓象及细胞化学染色特征和免疫学检查（4）染色体及分子生物学在分型中的意义（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗2.慢性粒细胞白血病　（1）临床表现和分期（2）实验室检查（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗3.骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）　（1）概念（2）FAB分型和WH0分型及临床表现（3）实验室检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗（三）淋巴瘤　（1）基本病理分类（2）临床表现和分期（3）辅助检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗（四）出血性疾病　1.概述（1）正常止血、凝血、抗凝和纤维蛋白溶解机制methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 　（2）发病机制分类（3）诊断（4）常用止血凝血障碍检查及临床意义2.过敏性紫癜　（1）常见原因（2）发病机制（3）临床表现和实验室检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗3.特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）　（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）实验室检查（4）急性型和慢性型的鉴别（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗4.弥散性血管内凝血（DIC）　（1）病因（2）发病机制（3）临床表现（4）实验室检查（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗（五）血细胞数量的改变　1.中性粒细胞减少和缺乏（1）诊断标准（2）病因2.中性粒细胞增多　（1）诊断标准（2）病因3.嗜酸性粒细胞增多　（1）诊断标准（2）病因4.淋巴细胞增多　（1）诊断标准（2）病因5.红细胞增多　（1）诊断标准（2）分类和病因6.血小板增多　（1）诊断标准（2）病因（六）输血　1.概述　（1）安全输血面临的挑战（2）全球血液安全战略2.合理输血　（1）输注血液成分的优点（2）常用血液成分特性（3）合理输血（4）输血适应证（5）血液保护3.安全输血　（1）输血不良反应（2）输血基本程序methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 七、内分泌系统（一）内分泌及代谢疾病概述　1.内分泌系统、器官和组织（1）内分泌的概念（2）内分泌系统、器官和组织（3）内分泌器官的生理功能2.内分泌及代谢疾病的诊断与治疗（1）内分泌及代谢疾病常见症状和体征（2）内分泌疾病的功能状态（3）病因、功能和定位诊断（4）内分泌及代谢疾病的治疗（二）下丘脑-垂体病　1.垂体腺瘤（1）分类（2）泌乳素瘤（3）生长激素分泌瘤2.腺垂体功能减退症（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗3.中枢性尿崩症（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗（三）甲状腺疾病　1.甲状腺的解剖和生理（1）甲状腺的解剖（2）甲状腺生理（3）甲状旁腺生理2.甲状腺功能亢进症（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗方法及适应证（5）甲亢性心脏病（6）甲亢合并周期性瘫痪（7）甲状腺危象3.甲状腺功能亢进的外科治疗　（1）外科分类和特点（2）手术治疗适应证（3）手术前准备和术后处理（4）术后并发症原因、表现及处理4.甲状腺功能减退症　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗5.慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎（1）临床表现（2）诊断及治疗6.亚急性甲状腺炎　（1）临床表现（2）诊断及治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 7.单纯性甲状腺肿　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断和治疗8.甲状腺肿瘤　（1）甲状腺腺瘤的临床表现、诊断和治疗（2）甲状腺癌的病理类型及临床特点（3）甲状腺癌临床表现和治疗（四）肾上腺疾病　1.库欣综合征（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗2.原发性醛固酮增多症（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗3.原发性慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗（5）肾上腺危象4.嗜铬细胞瘤　（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗（五）糖尿病与低血糖症　1.糖尿病　（1）定义（2）临床表现（3）诊断和分型（4）糖尿病急性并发症（5）糖尿病慢性并发症（6）综合防治原则（7）口服降血糖药物治疗（8）胰岛素治疗（9）糖尿病筛查及预防2.低血糖症　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）处理（4）胰岛素瘤的诊断与治疗（六）水、电解质代谢和酸碱平衡失调　1.水和钠的代谢紊乱（1）病因和分类（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗2.血钾异常（1）低钾血症的病因methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （2）低钾血症的临床表现和治疗（3）高钾血症的病因、诊断和治疗3.代谢性酸中毒（1）病因（2）临床表现和诊断（3）治疗4.代谢性碱中毒（1）病因（2）临床表现和诊断（3）治疗5.水电解质代谢和酸碱平衡失调的防治原则（1）外科患者生理需要量、病理、防治原则（2）平衡失调时的纠正方法八、精神神经系统　（一）神经病学概论　1.运动系统　（1）上运动神经元瘫痪解剖生理、临床表现、定位诊断（2）下运动神经元瘫痪解剖生理、临床表现、定位诊断（3）锥体外系损害的临床表现（4）小脑损害的临床表现2.感觉系统　（1）浅感觉解剖生理、临床表现、定位诊断（2）深感觉解剖生理、临床表现、定位诊断3.脑神经　第Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ、X、Ⅻ对脑神经的解剖生理和临床表现（二）周围神经病　1.面神经炎　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗2.三叉神经痛　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗3.急性炎症性脱髓鞘性多发性神经痛　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗（三）脊髓病变　1.脊髓压迫症　（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断2.急性脊髓炎　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗（四）颅脑损伤　1.头皮损伤治疗2.颅骨骨折（1）颅骨线状骨折诊断methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 　（2）凹陷骨折手术指征（3）颅底骨折临床表现及处理3.脑损伤　（1）脑震荡诊断及治疗（2）弥漫性轴索损伤的临床特点（3）脑挫裂伤临床表现（4）脑干损伤临床表现4.颅内血肿　（1）硬脑膜外血肿形成机制（2）硬脑膜外血肿临床表现（3）硬脑膜下血肿临床表现（4）慢性硬脑膜下血肿诊断（5）颅内血肿的CT、MRI表现（6）颅内血肿手术适应证（五）脑血管疾病　1.短暂性脑缺血发作　（1）概念（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴剐诊断（4）治疗八、精神神经系统2.脑血栓形成　（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）急性期治疗3.脑栓塞　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）治疗4.脑出血　（1）常见病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）急性期治疗（5）高血压颅内血肿手术适应证5.蛛网膜下腔出血　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗（六）颅内感染　单纯疱疹性脑炎　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗（七）颅内肿瘤大脑半球肿瘤临床表现（八）颅内压增高　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）一般处理（4）降颅内压治疗（九）脑疝（1）常见病因methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 　（2）脑疝种类1.小脑幕切迹疝　（1）解剖学基础（2）临床表现2.枕骨大孔疝　（1）解剖学基础（2）临床表现3.脑疝的处理原则　4.脑疝的处理方法　（十）帕金森病（1）生化改变（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗（十一）偏头痛　（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗（十二）癫痫　（1）概念（2）病因（3）临床表现（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗（十三）神经-肌接头与肌肉疾病　1.重症肌无力　（1）概念（2）临床表现与分型（3）诊断医学教|育网搜集整理（4）治疗2.周期性麻痹　（1）临床表现（2）诊断与鉴别诊断（3）治疗（十四）精神疾病　1.概述　（1）精神障碍和精神病的概念（2）精神障碍的病因学2.症状学　（1）认知障碍（2）情感障碍（3）意志行为障碍（4）注意、记忆智能障碍（5）自知力及诊断意义（6）常见的精神疾病综合征3.精神障碍的检查和诊断　（1）病史采集的原则和内容（2）精神检查的原则和内容（3）精神科诊断的基本步骤（4）CCMD-3、ICD-10关于精神障碍的分类methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 八、精神神经系统（十五）脑器质性疾病所致精神障碍　（1）概念及病因（2）常见脑器质性综合征、处理原则（3）阿尔茨海默病的常见精神症状（4）脑血管疾病的常见精神症状（十六）躯体疾病所致精神障碍　（1）概念（2）临床表现的共同特点（3）治疗原则（4）糖尿病常见的精神症状（5）甲亢和甲减常见的精神症状（十七）精神活性物质所致精神障碍　1.概述　（1）精神活性物质的概念和主要种类（2）依赖的概念（3）耐受性的概念（4）戒断状态的共同表现2.药物依赖　（1）鸦片类依赖的主要临床表现（2）药物依赖的治疗3.酒所致精神障碍　（1）急性酒中毒的主要临床表现（2）慢性酒中毒的临床表现（3）酒依赖及戒断症状的处理（4）酒精性震颤谵妄的处理（十八）精神分裂症　（1）主要临床表现及分型（2）诊断标准（3）抗精神病药物的应用原则（十九）心境障碍（情感性精神障碍）　1.概述　2.抑郁症　（1）概述（2）临床表现（3）诊断标准（4）鉴别诊断（5）治疗（6）预防八、精神神经系统3.躁狂症　（1）概述（2）临床表现（3）诊断标准（4）鉴别诊断（5）治疗（6）预防（二十）神经症及癔症　1.神经症概念　2.焦虑症惊恐障碍和广泛性焦虑的临床表现与治疗3.强迫症（1）临床表现methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 　（2）诊断要点（3）治疗4.躯体形式障碍　（1）临床表现（2）诊断要点与鉴别诊断（3）治疗5.神经衰弱　（1）概念（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断6.癔症　（1）概述（2）转换性障碍的主要临床表现（3）转换性障碍的鉴别诊断（4）治疗（二十一）应激相关障碍　1.概述　2.常见临床表现　3.处理原则　（二十二）心理生理障碍　1.进食障碍　（1）概述（2）临床表现（3）治疗2.睡眠障碍　（1）失眠症的主要临床表现、鉴别诊断和治疗（2）夜惊和梦魇的临床表现、诊断及治疗九、运动系统（一）骨折概论　1.骨折的临床表现及影像学检查　（1）全身表现（2）局部表现（3）影像学检查2.骨折的并发症　（1）早期并发症（2）晚期并发症3.骨折的急救及治疗　（1）急救及急救固定的目的（2）骨折的治疗（3）常用的复位及固定方法（4）复位标准（5）开放性骨折的治疗4.骨折的愈合　（1）骨折的愈合过程（2）影响骨折愈合的因素（二）上肢骨折　1.锁骨骨折　（1）临床表现（2）治疗2.肱骨外科颈骨折　（1）解剖概要（2）分型与治疗3.肱骨干骨折　（1）并发症（2）治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 4.肱骨髁上骨折　（1）好发年龄（2）分型及临床表现（3）并发症5.桡骨下端骨折　（1）分型及典型体征（2）治疗（三）下肢骨折　1.股骨颈骨折　（1）成人股骨头的血供（2）分类（3）临床表现（4）治疗2.股骨干骨折　（1）并发症（2）治疗3.胫骨平台骨折　（1）分型（2）治疗4.胫腓骨骨折　（1）解剖概要（2）并发症（3）治疗（四）脊柱和骨盆　1.脊柱骨折　（1）分类（2）临床表现（3）影像学检查（4）急救搬运方法（5）治疗2.脊髓损伤　（1）脊髓损伤的分类（2）临床表现及诊断（3）治疗3.骨盆骨折　（1）临床表现及诊断（2）常见的并发症（3）治疗（五）关节脱位　1.肩关节脱位　（1）临床表现与诊断（2）复位方法2.肘关节脱位临床表现3.桡骨头半脱位　（1）好发年龄及发病机制（2）临床表现与诊断（3）治疗4.髋关节脱位　（1）分类及临床表现（2）后脱位的并发症（3）后脱位的治疗（六）手外伤及断肢（指）再植　1.手外伤　（1）手部组织损伤类型及程度检查（2）手外伤的治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 2.断肢（指）再植　（1）断肢（指）的分类（2）断肢（指）的急救处理（3）断肢（指）再植的适应证与禁忌证（七）周围神经损伤　1.上肢神经损伤　（1）正中神经损伤表现（2）尺神经损伤表现（3）桡神经损伤表现2.下肢神经损伤　（1）坐骨神经损伤表现（2）胫神经损伤表现（3）腓总神经损伤表现（八）运动系统慢性疾病　1.肩关节周围炎　（1）临床表现（2）治疗2.肱骨外上髁炎　（1）临床表现（2）治疗3.狭窄性腱鞘炎　（1）临床表现（2）治疗4.股骨头坏死　（1）病因（2）X线分期（3）临床表现及诊断（4）治疗5.胫骨结节骨软骨病　（1）临床表现（2）治疗6.颈椎病　（1）分型（2）临床表现（3）治疗7.腰椎间盘突出症　（1）临床表现（2）诊断医学教|育网搜集整理标准与鉴别诊断（3）治疗（九）非化脓性关节炎　1.骨关节炎　（1）临床表现（2）诊断与鉴别诊断（3）治疗2.强直性脊柱炎　（1）临床表现（2）诊断与鉴别诊断（3）治疗3.类风湿关节炎　（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断标准与鉴别诊断（4）治疗4.痛风　（1）临床表现（2）诊断与鉴别诊断methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （3）预防和治疗（十）骨与关节感染　1.化脓性感染　（1）化脓性骨髓炎的致病菌及感染途径（2）急性血源性骨髓炎的临床表现、早期诊断和治疗（3）化脓性关节炎的诊断和治疗（4）慢性骨髓炎的诊断、手术指征和禁忌证2.结核　（1）脊柱结核的临床表现、影像检查及治疗（2）髋关节结核的临床表现、影像检查及治疗（十一）骨肿瘤　1.良性骨肿瘤　（1）良性骨肿瘤的特点（2）骨软骨瘤的临床表现及诊断2.瘤样病损　（1）骨囊肿的临床表现、诊断及治疗（2）骨纤维异样增殖症的临床表现、诊断及治疗3.潜在恶性骨肿瘤　（1）骨巨细胞瘤的临床表现及诊断（2）骨巨细胞瘤的治疗4.恶性骨肿瘤　（1）恶性骨肿瘤的特点（2）骨肉瘤的临床表现及诊断（3）骨肉瘤的治疗5.转移性骨肿瘤常见骨转移瘤的临床表现、诊断及治疗十、儿科（一）绪论　年龄分期和各期特点（1）年龄分期（2）各期特点（二）生长发育　1.生长发育规律小儿生长发育的规律2.体格生长　（1）体格生长常用指标（体重、身高、头围、胸围）（2）骨骼发育（头颅骨、脊柱、长骨骨化中心）（3）牙齿发育3.运动和语言发育　（1）运动发育（2）语言发育（三）儿童保健　计划免疫与预防接种　（1）计划免疫种类（2）预防接种实施程序（四）营养和营养障碍疾病　1.儿童营养基础　（1）能量（2）营养物质和水的需要2.婴儿喂养　（1）母乳喂养（2）人工喂养（3）过渡期食物（辅食）添加3.维生素D缺乏性佝（1）病因和发病机制methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 偻病　（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗和预防4.维生素D缺乏性手足搐搦症　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗5.蛋白质-热能营养不良　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）并发症（4）治疗（五）新生儿与新生儿疾病　1.新生儿特点及护理　（1）新生儿的分类方法（2）正常足月儿和早产儿的特点（外观特点和生理特点）（3）新生儿护理2.新生儿窒息　（1）临床表现（2）治疗3.新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病　（1）临床表现（2）诊断（3）治疗4.新生儿黄疸　（1）新生儿胆红素代谢特点（2）新生儿生理性黄疸和病理性黄疸的鉴别（3）新生儿病理性黄疸的病因分类与疾病举例5.新生儿溶血病　（1）临床表现（2）实验室检查与诊断（3）鉴别诊断（4）治疗与预防4.新生儿败血症　（1）病因（病原菌和感染途径）（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗7.新生儿寒冷损伤综合征　（1）病因和病理生理（2）临床表现（3）治疗（六）遗传性疾病　1.21-三体综合征　（1）临床表现（2）细胞遗传学诊断（3）诊断与鉴别诊断2.苯丙酮尿症　（1）发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （七）免疫与风湿性疾病　1.小儿免疫系统特点　（1）特异性细胞免疫特点（2）特异性体液免疫特点（3）非特异性免疫特点2.风湿热　（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现和辅助检查（3）诊断标准（4）治疗（5）预防3.川崎病　（1）临床表现（2）辅助检查（3）诊断标准（4）鉴别诊断（5）治疗（6）预后与随访（八）感染性疾病　1.常见发疹性疾病（麻疹、风疹、幼儿急疹、水痘、猩红热）　（1）常见呼吸道发疹性传染病的病因（2）各种皮疹特点和出疹规律（3）常见并发症（4）治疗（5）预防2.中毒型细菌性痢疾　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗（九）结核病　1.结核病概述　（1）病因（2）结核菌素试验的试验方法和临床意义2.原发型肺结核　（1）病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗3.结核性脑膜炎　（1）病理（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗（十）消化系统疾病　1.解剖生理特点　（1）解剖特点（2）生理特点2.先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄　（1）临床表现（2）辅助检查（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 3.先天性巨结肠　（1）临床表现（2）辅助检查（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗4.小儿腹泻病　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗（5）液体疗法（小儿体液特点及其平衡失调、常用溶液配制、液体疗法基本实施方法）（十一）呼吸系统疾病　1.解剖生理特点　（1）解剖特点（2）生理特点2.急性上呼吸道感染　（1）病因（2）临床表现（包括两种特殊类型的“上感”）（3）诊断与鉴别诊断（4）治疗3.支气管哮喘　（1）诊断标准与分期（2）治疗（3）预防4.肺炎　（1）肺炎的分类（2）支气管肺炎的临床表现、并发症、治疗（3）几种不同病原体所致肺炎的临床特点（十二）心血管系统疾病　1.心血管系统生理特点（1）胎儿血循环及出生后的改变（2）小儿血管、心率、血压的特点2.先天性心脏病概述　（1）先天性心脏病的分类（2）几种常见先心病的临床表现、诊断与鉴别诊断（3）先心病的特殊检查方法3.房间隔缺损　（1）病理生理（2）临床表现和并发症（3）诊断（4）治疗4.室间隔缺损　（1）病理生理（2）临床表现和并发症（3）诊断（4）治疗5.动脉导管未闭　（1）病理生理（2）临床表现和并发症（3）诊断（4）治疗6.法洛四联症　（1）病理生理（2）临床表现和并发症methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （3）诊断（4）治疗（十三）泌尿系统疾病　1.泌尿系统解剖生理特点　（1）解剖特点（2）生理特点（3）小儿排尿及尿液特点2.急性肾小球肾炎　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）实验室检查医学教|育网搜集整理（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗3.肾病综合征　（1）分类方法（包括病因、病理、临床、疗效分型）（2）临床表现（3）实验室检查（4）并发症（5）诊断（6）治疗（十四）造血系统疾病　1.小儿造血及血象特点　（1）造血特点（2）血象特点2.小儿贫血概述　（1）贫血定义（2）贫血分类（包括分度、病因分类、形态分类）3.营养性缺铁性贫血　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）实验室检查（4）治疗和预防4.营养性巨幼细胞性贫血　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）实验室检查（4）治疗和预防（十五）神经系统疾病　1.小儿神经系统发育特点　（1）脑的发育（2）脊髓的发育（3）神经反射2.热性惊厥　（1）临床表现（2）治疗与预防3.化脓性脑膜炎　（1）病原菌（2）临床表现（3）实验室检查（4）并发症与后遗症（5）诊断与鉴别诊断（6）治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （十六）内分泌系统疾病　先天性甲状腺功能减低症　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）实验室检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗十一、传染病、性传播疾病（一）总论　传染病的基本特征及诊治特点（1）传染病感染过程：5种表现（2）传染病感染过程中病原体作用（3）传染病感染过程中免疫应答作用（4）传染病流行过程中3个基本条件（5）影响流行过程因素（6）传染病的基本特征（7）诊断的主要方法（8）传染病治疗（9）传染病主要预防方法（二）常见疾病　1.病毒性肝炎（1）病原学（2）流行病学（3）临床表现（4）诊断（5）治疗（6）预防2.肾综合征出血热（1）病原学（2）流行病学（3）休克、出血、急性肾衰竭的发病机制（4）临床表现（5）诊断（6）各期治疗要点（7）主要预防措施3.流行性乙型脑炎　（1）病原学（2）流行病学（3）临床表现（4）脑脊液及血清学检查（5）诊断及确诊依据（6）鉴别诊断（7）治疗原则（8）预防4.钩端螺旋体病　（1）病原学（2）流行病学（3）临床表现（4）辅助检查methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （5）诊断及确诊依据（6）病原治疗及赫氏反应的诊断和处理（7）预防5.伤寒　（1）病原学（2）流行病学（3）肠道病变特点（4）诊断及确诊依据（5）临床表现（6）血象、培养及肥达试验在伤寒诊断中的意义（7）病原治疗6.细菌性痢疾　（1）病原学（2）流行病学（3）临床表现（4）诊断及确诊依据（5）病原治疗和中毒型菌痢的抢救治疗7.霍乱（1）病原学及其分型（2）流行病学（3）病理生理（4）临床表现（5）诊断及确诊依据（6）补液疗法及病原治疗8.流行性脑脊髓膜炎（1）病原学及分型（2）流行病学（3）临床表现（4）诊断依据（5）病原治疗及暴发型流脑的治疗（6）预防9.疟疾（1）病原学种类及在人体内发育过程（2）流行病学（3）典型间日疟的临床表现（4）诊断及确诊依据（5）控制发作的药物、防止复发和传播的药物、预防药物（6）保护易感人群的措施10.日本血吸虫病（1）病原学（2）流行病学（3）临床表现（4）诊断及确诊依据（5）病原治疗（6）预防11.囊尾蚴病（1）病原学（2）流行病学（3）临床表现（4）确诊依据methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof （5）治疗（6）预防12.艾滋病（1）病原学（2）流行病学（3）CD4+T淋巴细胞受损伤的方式及表现（4）临床分期及各期主要临床表现（5）诊断（6）目前抗病毒治疗的主要药物种类（7）预防（三）性传播疾病　1.淋病（1）淋病的特点（2）感染途径（3）临床特征（4）诊断：流行病学资料、临床及实验室诊断（5）治疗及妊娠期治疗（6）预防措施2.梅毒（1）病原体及其特点（2）感染途径（3）分期（4）临床特征（5）实验室诊断依据（6）治疗（7）预防措施3.生殖道沙眼衣原体感染　（1）特征（2）感染途径（3）临床特征（4）诊断（5）治疗（6）预防措施4.生殖道病毒感染　（1）生殖器疱疹的传染方式、临床特点、诊断依据、治疗（2）巨细胞病毒感染对胎儿、新生儿的危害及诊断依据5.尖锐湿疣（1）病因及传播途径（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗（5）预防措施十二、其他（一）无菌技术（1）灭菌、消毒概念和方法（2）手术洗手方法和原则（3）不同手术区消毒范围和原则（4）手术中的无菌原则（二）围手术期处理　1.术前准备（1）围手术期的概念和术前准备的目的methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 　（2）一般准备（3）特殊准备2.术后处理　（1）卧位、术后活动（2）饮食、输液（3）切口与引流：切口分类选择及处理，引流观察及处理，拆线与切口愈合判断（4）术后不适的处理3.术后主要并发症　（1）临床表现（2）预防及处理（五）创伤和战伤　1.概论（1）分类（2）创伤的诊断、创口的判断（3）清创治疗（4）急救及治疗（5）影响伤口愈合的局部和全身因素及治疗2.火器伤火器伤的特点及治疗（六）烧伤　1.热烧伤　（1）面积计算与深度判定（2）现场急救与治疗（3）初期处理与补液方法2.电烧伤（1）特点（2）急救（七）肿瘤　1.概论（1）概念（2）分类和病因（3）良恶性肿瘤的临床与病理特点2.恶性肿瘤（1）诊断（2）分期与转移方式（3）治疗和预防（八）乳房疾病　1.乳房解剖、生理和检查　2.急性乳腺炎　（1）病因（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗及切开引流的注意事项3.乳腺囊性增生病　（1）概述（2）临床特点和诊断（3）治疗4.乳腺纤维腺瘤（1）临床特点（2）诊断（3）治疗methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof 5.乳腺癌（组织类型）　（1）高危因素（2）病理类型（3）临床表现和临床分期（4）诊断（5）手术治疗方式、适应证（6）综合治疗和预防（九）风湿性疾病概论　（1）概念（2）分类（3）病理特点（4）辅助检查（5）诊断（6）治疗（十）系统性红斑狼疮（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）免疫学检查（4）诊断（标准）与鉴别诊断（5）治疗（十一）中毒　1.总论　（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）诊断（4）治疗和预防2.急性有机磷杀虫药中毒　（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现和分级（3）辅助检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗3.急性一氧化碳中毒（1）病因和发病机制（2）临床表现（3）辅助检查（4）诊断与鉴别诊断（5）治疗、防治并发症和后发症（6）预防methodofbasicoperation;includingCT,andMRIvariouscontrast,andImage-guidedbiopsy,ultrasound,etc.(11)teaching,scientificresearchandtraininginclinicalteaching,writtenwithinthreeyearswithsomelevelofrevieworbookreportsofnotlessthan1.Four,toreadreferencebooks,Journalofinternalmedicine(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials)andofthemedicalimaging(medicalcollegeplanningmaterials);thepracticalscience;theHarrisonScience(inEnglish),ChineseJournalofinternalmedicineseries.SurgicalsurgicalspecialistreferstotherulescompletethemedicalundergraduateorgraduateeducationFoundation,acceptedandadoptedsurgicalspecialisttraining,surgicaldiagnosis,treatment,preventionandfollow-upofcommondiseases,surgicaldiagnosisandtreatmentofrareorincurablediseases,acuteandcriticalillnessinemergencyandrescuehavepreliminaryknowledgeandexperience.Surgicalspecialisttrainingfor3years.Asurgicalspecialist,traininggoalsthroughtraining,traineestoachievesurgicalspecialistlevel,withmoreskilledsurgicalskills,canguidetheteachingof