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1、Chapter1Language,LinguisticsandLexicologyI.Linguistics1.DefinitionLinguisticsisthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.Scientificstudymethod①observe②hypothesis③classify④test&conclude3.Featuresofscientificstudy①exhaustiveness②consistency③economy④objectivityII.Languag
2、e1.DefinitionLanguageisasystemofarbitrary,vocalsymbolsbymeansofwhichthemembersofaspeechcommunitycommunicate,interactandtransmittheirculture.1.Functions·interrogative·expressive·informative·evocative·directive·performative·phatic2.InformationtransmissionSema
3、nticencoding↓Grammaticalencoding↓Phonetic&phonologicalencoding(pitch,loudness,length,quality)↓Sending↓Transmission3.OriginsofthecalendarBabylonian→Egyptian→Greek→(750BC)OldRoman1)Months·750BCMarchMarsAprilGoddessofloveMayGoddessofspringJuneGodofmarriage※Qui
4、ntillisFive※SextillisSixSeptemberSevenOctoberEightNovemberNineDecemberTen·500BCJanuary‘door’February‘festival’·46BCQuintillis→JulyJuliusCaesarSextillis→AugustAugustusCaesar1)DaysSundayGodofSun(Babylonian)MondayGodofMoon(Norse)TuesdayChiefofallgods(Nor.)Wedn
5、esdayGodofcommerce(Nor.)ThursdayGodofThunder(Nor.)FridayGodofLove(Nor.)SaturdayGodofHarvest(Bab.)I.Lexicology1.Basictermsanddefinitionsword(OE):talk,speakvocabulary(MLat):①allwordsinacertainrealm②wordsinspecificcontextlexicon(lexis):wordsinaspeciallanguagel
6、exicology:origins+development+meaningsofwords2.EnglishLexicology·morphonologicalstructures·formation·semanticstructurerelations·usages·lexicography3.Apoem~Spring,thesweetestspring,istheyear’spleasantKingThenbloomseachthing,thenthemaidsdanceinaringColddothno
7、tsting,theprettybirdsdosingKoo-koo,juck-juck,puwe,to-witta-wooThepalmandmaymakecountryhousesgayLambsfriskandplay,theshepherdspipealldayAndwehearayebirdstunethismerrylayKoo-koo,juck-juck,puwe,to-witta-wooThefieldsbreezesweet,thedaisieskissourfeetYoungloversm
8、eet,oldwivesa-sunningsitIneverystreet,thesetunesourearsdogreetKoo-koo,juck-juck,puwe,to-witta-woo
