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时间:2018-10-16
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1、(1)GiveabriefaccountofthemajorachievementsofGreekculture,suchasthoseinreligion,philosophy,literatureandscience.GreekreligionreallytookshapeduringtheHomericAgeandfeaturedpolytheismwithgodstakinghumanformandfeeling.GreekreligionmadeagreatcontributiontoGreekliterature,philosoph
2、yandart.ItisanimportantoriginofGreekmythologywhichwasfullydevelopedbythereligioustalesoftheHomericepicandthusaffectedthelaterdevelopmentofallkindsofGreekculture.GreekphilosophystartedwithThales(640BC–547BC)whobelievedthatthematerialworldoriginatedinwater.Hisphilosophywasmate
3、rialism.HewasfollowedbyPythagoraswhoassumedthatthekeytotheunderstandingoftheworldisnumbers,ontheoppositionofthespokesmanforidealism.ThecoreGreekphilosophersareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.Socrateshadscantregardformaterialwealth,butwaskeenonprobingintothedefinitionofsomeethical
4、andbehavioralissues,suchas“friendship”and“courage”.PlatoestablishedtheAcademy-thefirstGreekinstitutionofhigherlearning.Hiscontributionsincludedhistheoryofideasandhisargumentson“republic”whichwassupposedtoembracehisidealsaboutafuturestatewherehumanscouldenjoyahappylife.Aristo
5、tleis alsoalearnedmanandhisworkcoverswide-rangingareas.Hisreputationasaphilosopherlargelydependsonhisargumentonmetaphysicswhichhetriedtoachieveacompromisebetweenmatteranddivinity.LiteraryrepresentationcentredroundthetwoepicpoemsoftheIliadandtheOdyssey,lyricalpoetrybySapphoan
6、dPindaranddramabyAeschylus,EuripidesandAristophanes.TheirworkscombinedGreekmythsandsociallifeandwonmuchappreciationandenthusiasmfromthepublic.InsciencethemathematicianEuclidestablishedplanegeometryandArchimedesdiscoveredtheratioofradiusofacircleandtherelationshipbetweenthevo
7、lumeandsurfaceofasphere.(2)WhatdoyouthinkoftheinfluenceGreekculturehasexertedonWesterncivilizationasawhole?Giveexamples.GreekcultureisoftentermedthecradleoftheWesterncivilizationandhashadanenormousimpactonWesternculture.Thespecificcontributionsarefoundintheareasofphilosophy,
8、politics,literature,art,scienceandarchitecture.Greekpoliticswasoneofthegrea
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