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时间:2018-11-27
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1、(1)GiveabriefaccountofthemajorachievementsofGreekculture,suchasthoseinreligion,philosophy,literatureandscience.GreekreligionreallytookshapeduringtheHomericAgeandfeaturedpolytheismwithgodstakinghumanformandfeeling.GreekreligionmadeagreatcontributiontoGreekliterature,philo
2、sophyandart.ItisanimportantoriginofGreekmythologywhichwasfullydevelopedbythereligioustalesoftheHomericepicandthusaffectedthelaterdevelopmentofallkindsofGreekculture.GreekphilosophystartedwithThales(640BC–547BC)whobelievedthatthematerialworldoriginatedinwater.Hisphilosoph
3、ywasmaterialism.HewasfollowedbyPythagoraswhoassumedthatthekeytotheunderstandingoftheworldisnumbers,ontheoppositionofthespokesmanforidealism.ThecoreGreekphilosophersareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.Socrateshadscantregardformaterialwealth,butwaskeenonprobingintothedefinitiono
4、fsomeethicalandbehavioralissues,suchas“friendship”and“courage”.PlatoestablishedtheAcademy-thefirstGreekinstitutionofhigherlearning.Hiscontributionsincludedhistheoryofideasandhisargumentson“republic”whichwassupposedtoembracehisidealsaboutafuturestatewherehumanscouldenjoya
5、happylife.Aristotleis alsoalearnedmanandhisworkcoverswide-rangingareas.Hisreputationasaphilosopherlargelydependsonhisargumentonmetaphysicswhichhetriedtoachieveacompromisebetweenmatteranddivinity.LiteraryrepresentationcentredroundthetwoepicpoemsoftheIliadandtheOdyssey,lyr
6、icalpoetrybySapphoandPindaranddramabyAeschylus,EuripidesandAristophanes.TheirworkscombinedGreekmythsandsociallifeandwonmuchappreciationandenthusiasmfromthepublic.InsciencethemathematicianEuclidestablishedplanegeometryandArchimedesdiscoveredtheratioofradiusofacircleandthe
7、relationshipbetweenthevolumeandsurfaceofasphere.(2)WhatdoyouthinkoftheinfluenceGreekculturehasexertedonWesterncivilizationasawhole?Giveexamples.GreekcultureisoftentermedthecradleoftheWesterncivilizationandhashadanenormousimpactonWesternculture.Thespecificcontributionsare
8、foundintheareasofphilosophy,politics,literature,art,scienceandarchitecture.Greekpoliticswasoneofthegrea
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