西方文化导论_课后习题答案

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1、......(1)GiveabriefaccountofthemajorachievementsofGreekculture,suchasthoseinreligion,philosophy,literatureandscience.GreekreligionreallytookshapeduringtheHomericAgeandfeaturedpolytheismwithgodstakinghumanformandfeeling.GreekreligionmadeagreatcontributiontoGreekliterature,philosoph

2、yandart.ItisanimportantoriginofGreekmythologywhichwasfullydevelopedbythereligioustalesoftheHomericepicandthusaffectedthelaterdevelopmentofallkindsofGreekculture.GreekphilosophystartedwithThales(640BC–547BC)whobelievedthatthematerialworldoriginatedinwater.Hisphilosophywasmaterialis

3、m.HewasfollowedbyPythagoraswhoassumedthatthekeytotheunderstandingoftheworldisnumbers,ontheoppositionofthespokesmanforidealism.ThecoreGreekphilosophersareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.Socrateshadscantregardformaterialwealth,butwaskeenonprobingintothedefinitionofsomeethicalandbehaviora

4、lissues,suchas“friendship”and“courage”.PlatoestablishedtheAcademy－thefirstGreekinstitutionofhigherlearning.Hiscontributionsincludedhistheoryofideasandhisargumentson“republic”whichwassupposedtoembracehisidealsaboutafuturestatewherehumanscouldenjoyahappylife.Aristotleis　alsoalearned

5、manandhisworkcoverswide-rangingareas.Hisreputationasaphilosopherlargelydependsonhisargumentonmetaphysicswhichhetriedtoachieveacompromisebetweenmatteranddivinity.LiteraryrepresentationcentredroundthetwoepicpoemsoftheIliadandtheOdyssey,lyricalpoetrybySapphoandPindaranddramabyAeschyl

6、us,Euripidesand专业word可编辑.......Aristophanes.TheirworkscombinedGreekmythsandsociallifeandwonmuchappreciationandenthusiasmfromthepublic.InsciencethemathematicianEuclidestablishedplanegeometryandArchimedesdiscoveredtheratioofradiusofacircleandtherelationshipbetweenthevolumeandsurface

7、ofasphere.(2)WhatdoyouthinkoftheinfluenceGreekculturehasexertedonWesterncivilizationasawhole?Giveexamples.GreekcultureisoftentermedthecradleoftheWesterncivilizationandhashadanenormousimpactonWesternculture.Thespecificcontributionsarefoundintheareasofphilosophy,politics,literature,

8、art,scienceandarchitecture.Greekp