英文版产业经济学教程第3章垄断(2)

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1、Chapter3MonopolyECNUOrientalRealEstateCollege3.1Marketstructure:classification,characteristicandmeasure3.1.1DeterminantsMarketconcentrationratioProductdifferentiationBarrierstoentryandexitPriceelasticityShort-termcoststructure1、Marketconcentrationratio：firmi’soutput,sale,asse

2、tsamount,employeenumber，etc.Herfindahl-HirschmanindexXsizeoftheindustryXifirmi’ssizeSimarketshareoffirminnumberoffirms2、ProductdifferentiationCrosspriceelasticityAdvertisingdensity=AD/SLAD=sumofadvertisingSL=productsale植草益（1997，31industries）AD/SL≥3.5%orAD≥2billionyenveryhighp

3、roductdifferentiation1%≤AD/SL<3.5%or1billionyen≤AD<2billionyenhighproductdifferentiationAD/SL<1%orAD<1billionyenmediumproductdifferentiation3、BarrierstoentryandexitBarrierstoentryBarrierstoentryistheadvantagesharedbycurrentfirmsthatmeansincumbentscankeeppricehigherthancompeti

4、tivelevelwithoutentryofnewfirms.(Bain)Barrierstoentrybedefinedasakindsofadditionalcostburdenedbyentrantwhileincumbentisneedless.(Stigler)componentsabsolutecostadvantagescaleeconomicscapitalbarriertechnologicalbarrierlawbarrierstrategicbarrierBarrierstoexitAssetsspecialityands

5、unkcostSeverancepayLawrestrictionClassificationofmarketstructure：1、RobinsonJ.（1933）CoreassumptionsofPerfectcompetitionVerylowindustryconcentration/atomicityProducthomogeneityPerfectinformationFreeentryEqualaccess(anyfirmcangetallproducingtechnology)agriculturegoodsmarketsorma

6、turefuturesmarkets.eg.PerfectMonopolyIndustryconcentration100%,onlyonecorporationsupplyingproductNoreplaceableproductVeryhighbarrierstoentryworkablecompetitionOligopolyHighindustryconcentrationProductsnearlyhomogenousorcomparativelyhighdifferentiationComparativelyhighbarriers

7、toentryandexitMonopolisticCompetitionComparativelylowerindustryconcentrationHighproductsdifferentiationComparativelylowerbarrierstoentryandexit2、Bain’sclassificationconcentrationratioMarketstructureC4value(%)C8value(%)OligopolyⅠ85≤C4─OligopolyⅡ75＜C4≤85or85≤C8OligopolyⅢ50≤C4＜7

8、575≤C8＜85OligopolyⅣ35≤C4＜5045≤C8＜75OligopolyⅤ30≤C4＜3540≤C8＜45competi