英文版产业经济学教程第4章价格歧视

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1、Chapter4PricediscriminationECNUOrientalRealEstateCollege4.1DefinitionAprevalentmarketingskillandeconomicphenomena.preferentialpriceorquantitydiscount.eg.Sometimespeoplewillthinkthatiffirmschargedifferentpriceondifferentconsumersforthesamegoods,itmeanspricediscrimination.Butthisunderstan

2、dingisincomplete.Inmuchcase,discretepricemaybeonlyreflecttrafficcostandsalescostfee.Andincertaincase,universalpricemeansdiscriminationonthecontrary(fixedfeeinbuseg.).Pricediscriminationmeansonefirmsalestheidenticalgoodstodifferentconsumerswithdifferentnetprice.(Philips,1983)Netprice,sub

3、tractproductdifferencefromgoodsprice.Ifpricedifferentiationjustreflectsthecostdifferenceofsupplyingtodifferentconsumers,wedeempricediscriminationdoesn’texist.Ratiotest《Harrypotter》inpainlypackededitionvs.deluxeedition,eg.Atthesametime,wecan’tsayprovidingdifferentqualitygoodstodifferentc

4、onsumersmeansnodiscrimination.Reasonofprovidingserviceindifferentquality(suchasclassedcabininaircraftsandtrains)partlyistogetconsumerssurplusbysegmentingconsumersintodifferentgroupsTheconceptof“identical”goods：BMWinUSAisthesametoinGerman?Generalequilibriumtheoristmaypointoutwithsomeexcu

5、se，goodsdeliveredindifferenttime,differentlocationanddifferentstateordifferentqualityisdifferentgoods,soscopeofpurepricediscriminationisverylimited.Conditionsofpricediscrimination1、firmsmusthasmarketpower.Weoftenconfineitinmonopolyoroligopolymarket,onlywhenfirmscanpricehigherthanmargina

6、lcost,cantheychargedifferentpriceondifferentconsumers.LocayandRodriguez,1992：competitivefirmsispossibletopracticepricediscrimination,ifconsumerspurchaseingroupunit.2、theabilityofeffectivemarketsegmentation.3、ensureofnoarbitrage.MarketsegmentationCanwefindarightwaytoconductmarketsegmenta

7、tion（theresultmustberelatedtopriceelasticityandWTP(willingtopay)statusgenderageLocationtimeusePurchasingamountKindsofarbitragesPossibilityofpricediscriminationisrelatedwithpossibilityofarbitrage.Onekindofarbitrageisrelatedwithtransferabilityofgoods.Iftransactioncostislow,priced