英文版产业经济学教程垄断

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1、Chapter3MonopolyECNUOrientalRealEstateCollege3.1Marketstructure:classification,characteristicandmeasure3.1.1DeterminantsMarketconcentrationratioProductdifferentiationBarrierstoentryandexitPriceelasticityShort-termcoststructure1、Marketconcentrationratio：firmi’soutput,sale,assetsamount,employeenum

2、ber，etc.Herfindahl-HirschmanindexXsizeoftheindustryXifirmi’ssizeSimarketshareoffirminnumberoffirms2、ProductdifferentiationCrosspriceelasticityAdvertisingdensity=AD/SLAD=sumofadvertisingSL=productsale植草益（1997，31industries）AD/SL≥3.5%orAD≥2billionyenveryhighproductdifferentiation1%≤AD/SL<3.5%or1bil

3、lionyen≤AD<2billionyenhighproductdifferentiationAD/SL<1%orAD<1billionyenmediumproductdifferentiation3、BarrierstoentryandexitBarrierstoentryBarrierstoentryistheadvantagesharedbycurrentfirmsthatmeansincumbentscankeeppricehigherthancompetitivelevelwithoutentryofnewfirms.(Bain)Barrierstoentrybedefin

4、edasakindsofadditionalcostburdenedbyentrantwhileincumbentisneedless.(Stigler)componentsabsolutecostadvantagescaleeconomicscapitalbarriertechnologicalbarrierlawbarrierstrategicbarrierBarrierstoexitAssetsspecialityandsunkcostSeverancepayLawrestrictionClassificationofmarketstructure：1、RobinsonJ.（19

5、33）CoreassumptionsofPerfectcompetitionVerylowindustryconcentration/atomicityProducthomogeneityPerfectinformationFreeentryEqualaccess(anyfirmcangetallproducingtechnology)agriculturegoodsmarketsormaturefuturesmarkets.eg.PerfectMonopolyIndustryconcentration100%,onlyonecorporationsupplyingproductNor

6、eplaceableproductVeryhighbarrierstoentryworkablecompetitionOligopolyHighindustryconcentrationProductsnearlyhomogenousorcomparativelyhighdifferentiationComparativelyhighbarrierstoentryandexitMonopolisticCompetitionComparativelylowerindustryconcentrationHighproductsdifferentiationComparativelylowe

7、rbarrierstoentryandexit2、Bain’sclassificationconcentrationratioMarketstructureC4value(%)C8value(%)OligopolyⅠ85≤C4─OligopolyⅡ75＜C4≤85or85≤C8OligopolyⅢ50≤C4＜7575≤C8＜85OligopolyⅣ35≤C4＜5045≤C8＜75OligopolyⅤ30≤C4＜3540≤C8＜45competi