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1、大学英语四级翻译专项训练主讲人：缪爽主要问题一、核心语法虚拟语气、定语从句、主语从句、非谓语动词二、固定搭配和常规用法虚拟语气一、“时态向前推移规律”及其试用范围从句谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反were,didwould(should,could,might)+v.与将来事实相反shoulddo,wereto+v.would(should,could,might)+v.与过去事实相反haddonewould(should,could,might)+havedone例句IwouldcertainlygoifIhadthetime.(与现在事实相反)Ifheshouldcome
2、heretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.(与将来事实相反)Shewouldhavecomeifwehadinvitedher.(与过去事实相反)在错综时间句中谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析”Ifyouhadn’twatchedtelevisionsolate,youwouldn’tbesosleepynow.(从去与过去时间相反，主句与现在情况相反)IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.(从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符)Iftheyhadinformedus,w
3、ewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Marywouldn’thavebeencaughtintherain.（2009，6月真题）Thevictimwouldhaveachancetosurviveifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(2006年12月真题)虚拟语气练习1.IfIwereyou,I
4、anumbrella.(take)2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iyou.(tell)3.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Iher.(meet)4.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Itohim.(talk)5.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,weskating.（notgo）6.IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Ianengineer,too.(be)7.Ifhewerefreetoday,wehimtoBeijing.(send)8.Ifheknewher,
5、heher.(greet)虚拟语气练习题答案1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.3.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.4.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.虚拟语气练习题答案虚拟语气练习题答案5.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.6.IfIhadworkedhardatsch
6、ool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.7.Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.8.Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.特殊的固定搭配用法一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order.command)四建议(advice.suggest.propose)五要求(demand.require.request.desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should+do"。should可以省略。Theprofessor
7、requiredthatwe(should)handinourresearchreportsbyWednesday.(2006年6月真题)Isuggestedheshouldadapthimselftohisnewconditions.(2006年1月真题)定语从句句子成分用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)关系副词Where的用法在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。Potatoc
