unequal compulsory education in rural and urban china

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1、UnequalCompulsoryEducationinRuralandUrbanChina　　【Abstract】Inthisessay，theauthorwillmainlydiscussthesituationandproblemsincompulsoryeducationbylookingattheunequalopportunitiesandresourcesbetweenruralandurbanareasinChina，thentrytoillustratethereasonsabouttheinequity.　　【K

2、eywords】CompulsoryEducation；Unequal；Rural；Urban　　1.Introduction　　Nowadays，theeducationrightisthebasicrightofeachcitizen.Equaleducationopportunityistheprerequisiteofthisright.Compulsoryeducationisamajorpartofcitizens’educationrightthatenforcedbythestate.Itisimplementedb

3、ythepublicschoolsthatrunbythestate，butthefundingofpublicschoolsmainlycomesfromtaxpayers.Therefore，compulsoryeducationmustemphasisequality.However，Chinaisalargecountry，becauseoftheunbalancedeconomicdevelopmentofeachareasandthedeepinfluencebytraditioninpeople’sthought，ma

4、nyunequalphenomenaforstudentstoreceivecompulsoryeducation.　　2.BackgroundofCompulsoryEducationinRuralandUrbanChina　　2.1OpportunitiesofCompulsoryEducation　　First，thedifferentaccessbetweenurbanandruralChina.Duetodifferencesineconomicdevelopment，thereisadifferenceintheabil

5、ityofurbanandruraleducationinput，especiallyinprimarysecondaryeducationstage，theenrollmentrateofsecondaryschoolincityissignificantlyhigherthanthecountryside.Forexample，inHubeiprovince，in1998，therewere216，607graduatesfromelementaryschoolsincity，theenrollmentsofsecondarys

6、choolwere210，384，andtheenrollmentratewas97.13%.Whileinruralareas，thegraduatesfromelementarywere747，857，theenrollmentsofsecondaryschoolwereonly657，305，andtheenrollmentratewasonly87.89%，itwasnearly10%gapbetweentheseareas（MinistryofEducation，1999）.Althoughasacountry’sciti

7、zens，eveninthesameprovince，becausethetownshipandvillagegovernmentdoesnotsetupenoughschools，someruralstudents’opportunitiestoreceivethecompulsoryeducationhavebeendeprivedruthlessly，whichwassignificantlyunfair.　　Secondly，therightforgirlstoreceivecompulsoryeducationisalwa

8、ysnotguaranteed.AccordingtotheresearchfromTan（2001），theenrollmentrateofprimaryforschool-agechildrenintheseareaswherep