A comparative study of politeness between English and Chinese cultures

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1、AcomparativestudyofpolitenessbetweenEnglishandChineseculturesAbstract：ThisthesisattemptstomakeacomparativestudyofpolitenessbetweenEnglishandChinesecultures.PolitenessCanberealizedinanumberofways，amongwhichtheuseoflanguageisanimportantone.Withthedevel

2、opmentofpragmaticsinthepastyears，languageisusedtoshow-politenessandalsothedifferencesbetweendifferentlanguagesandcultures.　　Keywords：Politenessprinciple；Culturedifference　　　　一、Introduction　　Politenessasasocialphenomenoncanbeobservedinalllanguagesandc

3、ultures，andithaslongbeenmadeanimportantobjectofstudyinlinguistics.ThereallyseriousstudyofpolitenessintheWesternlinguisticcirclescanbetracedbacktotheGermanRomanticMovementintheearly1920s.Inrecentyears，alongwiththerapidmovementtowardspragmatics，politen

4、esshasbecomethecentraltheme.Asacommonsocialphenomenon，politenessisnotonlyauniversallyhighly＆#118aluedvirtue，butalsoawidelyemployedstrategytorealizetactfulandeffectivecommunication.Despiteitsuniversalityofpoliteness，thewaystorealizepoliteness，andthest

5、andardsofjudgmentdifferindifferencecultures.Beingunawareofsuchdifferenceswouldprobablyleadtotroubleorfailureinculturalcommunication.　　二、PolitenessPrinciple　　（一）Definitionofpoliteness　　Politenessisauniversalphenomenoninhumansociety.Howeverdifferentlin

6、guistsandscholarsgivetheirdifferentinterpretationsofpoliteness.G.LeechintroducesthePolitenessPrinciplewhichrunsasfollows：Minimizetheexpressionofimpolitebeliefs，Maximizetheexpressionofpolitebelief.Leechspecifiedsixmaximsofthepolitenessprinciplewhichar

7、ethemeansbywhichoncanobtainthedegreeofpolitenessrequiredinacertainsituation.　　1.Tactmaxim　　Minimizetheexpressionofbeliefswhichimplycosttoother，maximizetheexpressionofbeliefswhichimplybenefittoother　　2.TheGenerositymaxim　　Minimizetheexpressionofbenefi

8、ttoself；maximizetheexpressionofcosttoself.　　3.TheApprobationmaxim　　Minimizetheexpressionofbeliefswhichexpressdispraiseofother；maximizetheexpressionofbeliefswhichexpressapprovalofother.Othermaynotbethepersondirectlyaddressed，butsomeoneorsomethingdeart