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1、OntheInfulenceofHistoricalDevelopmentandGeographyEnvironmentontheFormationofEnglishIdiomsIntrocductionWhenopeningOxfordAdvancedLearner’sDictionaryofCurrentEnglish,onecanseesuchanentry:“Idiom(n.)Phraseorsentencewhosemeaningisnotclearfromthemeaningofitsindividualwordsandwhichmustbe
2、learntasawholeunit.”Englishisalanguageparticularlyrichinidioms.Lotsofculturalinformationisembodiedinidioms.Insomesenses,idiomsarethereflectionoftheenvironment,life,historicalculture,etc.Theyarecommonlyusedinalltypesoflanguage,informalandformal,spokenandwritten.Inbrief,idiomsarefi
3、xedphrases.Theygothroughthetestofhistoryandcannotbeseparated.Theyareanimportantpartofthegeneralvocabularyofeverylanguage.Englishidiomsareusuallywidelyandcommonlyusedallovertheworld.Theycontainbriefstructuresandprofoundmeanings,andarealsoagroupofwordswiththemeaningdifferentfromthe
4、literalone.AsanEnglishlearner,westudyEnglisheveryday;learningitsliteraryworks,grammaticalfunctions,usethemandsoon.Sometimes,wecomecrosssomesentencesthatwecan’tunderstand,suchas,“Thereisablacksheep”or“Don’tbeabadapple”,“goovermyhead”,“Don’tputyourproblemsatmydoorstep”,“justbearwit
5、hme”,“heapcoaloffireonone’shead”etc.Ofcoursewecancomprehendthemeaningofeverysingleword.Whydowehavedifficultyinunderstandingthem?Becauseofalowleveloflinguisticcompetenceinthetargetlanguage,peoplewholearnEnglishasasecondlanguageareatadistinctdisadvantageinunderstandingEnglishidioms
6、.WemustknowtheoriginsofEnglishidiomssothatwecanlearnEnglishwell.TheresearchtoEnglishidiomshasalonghistory.Scholars’studyfocusesonthefollowingaspects:theoringinsoftheidioms,comparisonbetweenEnglishidiomsandChineseidioms,andthetranslationofEnglishidioms.What’smore,theytalkaboutthei
7、diomsthroughitsnotionofculture.Othersschoolarspayattentiontothestructural,semanticfunctionandrhetoricofidioms.15TheformationofEnglishidiomsisinfluencedbysuchculturalfactorsasgeographicalconditions,historicaldevelopments,customs,religiousbeliefs,literatureandartsoftheBritishnation
8、.SoIdecidedtofocuseontheinfluenceofhisto