语言学教程复习题与答案

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1、语言学教程复习题与答案(胡壮麟版第一章)ChapterI 1.  Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.2.  Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.3.  Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.4.  Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefact

2、sandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.5.  Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.6.  Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.7.  Phoneticsisdifferentfromphono

3、logyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.8.  Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.9.  Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.10. Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonl

4、ystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.11. Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.12. Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.13. Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.14. Socialchan

5、gescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.15. Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.16. Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescriptive.17. Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.18. Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointint

6、ime.19. Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,notthewrittenlanguage.20. ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:2521.Chomskydefines“competence”astheidealuser’sk_________

7、_oftherulesofhislanguage.22.Languereferstothea__________linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.23.D_________isoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewhichreferstothephenonthatlanguagecons