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1、语言学教程复习题与答案(胡壮麟版第四章)I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1.Syntaxisasubfiedoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage,includingthecombinationofmorphemesintowords.2.Grammaticalsentencesareformedfollowingasetofsyntacticr
2、ules.3.Sentencesarecomposedofsequenceofwordsarrangedinasimplelinearorder,withoneaddingontoanotherfollowingasimplearithmeticlogic.4.Universallyfoundinthegrammarsofallhumanlanguages,syntacticrulesthatcomprisethesystemofinternalizedlinguisticknowledgeof
3、alanguagespeak-erareknownaslinguisticcompetence.5.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,butthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.6.Inacomplexsentence,thetwoclausesholdunequalstatus,one
4、subordinatingtheother.7.Constituentsthatcanbesubstitutedforoneanotherwithoutlossofgrammaticalitybelongtothesamesyntacticcategory.8.Minorlexicalcategoriesareopenbecausethesecategoriesarenotfixedandnewmembersareallowedfor.9.InEnglishsyntacticanalysis,f
5、ourphrasalcategoriesarecommonlyrecognizedanddiscussed,namely,nounphrase,verbphrase,infinitivephrase,andauxiliaryphrase.10.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyfollowstheverb.11.Whatisactuallyinternalizedinthemindofanative
6、speakerisacompletelistofwordsandphrasesratherthangrammaticalknowledge.12.Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.13.Itisbelievedthatphrasestructurerules,withtheinsertionofthelexicon,generatesentencesatthelevelofD-structure.14.WH-movem
7、entisobligatoryinEnglishwhichchangesasentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.II.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:15. As________sentenceconsistsofasingleclausewhichcontainsasub-jectandapredicateandstandsaloneasitso
8、wnsentence.16.As______isastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.17.As______maybeanounoranounphraseinasentencethatusuallyprecedesthepredicate.18.Thepartofasentencewhichcomprisesafiniteve