高考英语语法专项：名词性从句复习课件.pptx

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名词性从句 主语1)Hisjobisimportant.2)Whathedoesisimportant.表语3)Thisishisjob.4)Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.主语从句表语从句I名词性从句的种类 宾语5)Idon’tlikehisjob.6)Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语7)Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.8)Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.宾语从句同位语从句 名词性从句一个句子在复合句中充当主语、表语、同位语、宾语,分别叫做主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句。 主语从句的一般结构：1.Thatshewillwinthematchiscertain.2.1)ItisimportantthatweteensshouldlearnEnglish.2)Itisagoodnewsthathewillattendthemeetingonbehalfofourschool.3)Itissaidthatourschoolwillholdasportsmeeting4)ItseemsthatKatyisnotcomingtothisparty. 宾语从句的结构在句子中起宾语作用的句子叫宾语从句，宾语从句放在及物动词或介词之后作宾语。1)Idon'tknowwhyheisalwayslateforschool.2)Weallagreewithwhatyousaidatthemeeting.宾语从句3)I’mnotsurewhenhewillcome. 表语从句表语从句位于连系动词后。其基本结构为:1.Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoshopping.2.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain. 同位语从句在句中作同位语，它一般要放在主句中某些名词的后面，说明这些名词的含义。可跟同位语从句的名词主要有：fact,news,promise,reason,idea,hope,word,belief等。1)Beijing,thecapitalofChina,ismyhometown.2)Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.3)Wewerehappytohearthenewsthatwasannouncedbyourboss.定语从句同位语从句 II.名词性从句的引导词：连接词：that、if、whether不作成分无意义2.连接代词：who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever3.连接副词：when、where、why、how“是否”作状语作主/宾/表，有意义 考点一：区别that,what与which考点二：区别whether与if考点三：区别what,whatever,与nomatterwhat...考点四：it作形式主语或形式宾语考点五：名词性从句的语序名词性从句考点归纳: 考点1：连接词：that与what的区别1)Whathesaidmakesmehappy.2)Thatanewteacherwillcomeistrue.that只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。what既起连接作用,又在从句中作主语,宾语,表语 what引导名词性从句时，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.2.Atlastthesoldiersreached_____thelocalscalledtheThreeGorges.3.Acomputercanonlydo_________youhaveinstructedittodo.Whatwhatwhatwhat Itiswidelyaccepted____theearthgoesaroundthesun.5.Theproblemis_____wecan’tfinishtheworkintime.6.Weexpressthehope________theywillcometovisitChinaagain.7.Weallhope________the2008OlympicGameswillbethebestever,and______theathletesandvisitorswillenjoyChinaandBeijing.thatthatthatthatthat/--that B:what(什么)/which(表选择,哪一个)1.---Doyouknow_______MrBlack’saddressis?---HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I’mnotsureof_______.2.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter______itwas?whatwhichwhichwhat无范围；which有范围解析 考点2.区别if与whether1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis_______thisbookisworthwriting.whether/ifwhetherwhether 4.Itdependson_______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5._______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._____youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whetherWhetherIf 请你归纳a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.直接加动词不定式只能用whether（todo）gwhetherornot直接连用时不用if只能使用whether的情况：请你归纳 ___________________等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而____________等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。请你归纳whoeverWho考点4.who,whoeverWhowilltakethepositionisn’tdecided. 1._______hastakenawaymybagisunknown.2._________breaksthelawwillbepunished.WhoWhoever 考点5语序问题1.Thephotographswillshowyou_______．A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike从句一定用陈述语序 2.Youcanhardlyimagine______whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited★ 3.Heasked_______foraviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid★ 做题三步曲：步骤一：首先把主句和从句区分开来，识别出名词性从句。步骤二：分析从句缺何种成分。步骤三：根据分析，选择恰当的连词。 主从复合句与高考1.主从复合句是高考语法填空的必考点，也是写作中必用的表达手段。根据一个句子在整个句子中所作句子成分确定从句类型后，就根据该类从句的关联词的使用特点确定具体的关联词。2.短文改错中，常见错误有连词的多用或少用以及误用。 一、单句填空用适当的连词填空。灵活运用1.Thenewboylookedattheteacherforafewsecondsandalltheotherstudentswondered______theboywoulddo.what2.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea_____hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.that 3.IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32____shouldhavethehonourofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.who 二、语篇填空Ilikereadingverymuch.Myclassmates’questionis1______Ibegantolovereading.Actually,Ilovereadingasachild.IgrewupinacollegetownandIspentallmysummervacationsinthisuniversity.WhatImeantwas2______Iwassurroundedbylibrariesandthepeoplewholovedtoread.3______Iwenttothelibrarytoreadeverydaywasoneofmyfavoritehobbies.whenthatThat Myloveofreadingwascreditedwiththefact4_____myparentsonlyletmewatchanhourofTVaday.Ilearnedtoentertainmyselfthroughmymindandimagination.It’snotreallysurprising5_____literaturebecamemyvocation.RecentlyIhavebeenreadingalotofmulticulturalwomen’slegends.JaneGoodallwenttoAfricaandstudiedchimpsinsteadofgoingtouniversity.thatthat Sheargued6______wildanimalsshouldbeleftinthewildandnotusedforentertainment.Afterfinishingherstory,Istillhavesomedoubts7______shecouldachievegreatsuccessonherownintheforest.LinQiaozhi,adoctor,becameaspecialistinwomen’sillnesses.ShedevotedallherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.8_____madehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationsheshowedtoallherpatients.9______shedidn’tchoosetohaveafamilyofherowniscleartomenow.thathowWhatWhy 三、单句改错1.ExactlyhowthetomatowasintroducedintoEuropeisuncertain,butitwasprobablyaround1565.how→when由1565可知，不能确定的是番茄被引入中国的“时间”，故用when引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语。 2.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That’swhenIwasborn.”when→where医院应是她出生的“地点”，故用where引导表语从句，在从句中作地点状语。 3.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisisthatmymotherusedtotellme.that→what意思是“这就是我兄弟以前常常跟我说的”，在表语从句中作tell的宾语，故用连接代词what。4.Itmakesthebooksoextraordinaryisthecreativeimaginationofthewriter.It→What引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，用连接代词what。 5.Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisishowaboutseventy-onepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.how→because因“71%的地表为水所覆盖”是“地球看起来是蓝色”的原因，故用because引导表语从句。 6.Itsuddenlyoccurredtohimhehadlefthiskeysintheoffice.在he前加that句中it作形式主语，that引导主语从句。7.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoosewhateversuitsyoubest.whatever→whichever指在前面提到的五种课程中“任选一种”,有选择范围，要用whichever引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。whichever与whatever的区别，类似于which与what，有范围用which，无范围才用what。 8.Itdoesn’tmatterifyoupaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.if→whether因whether...or…(不管……还是……)是固定搭配。9.Ourteachersalwaystellustobelieveinthatwhatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.去掉that因句中已有连接代词what引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语了。 10.Whenthenewscamehowthewarbrokeout,hedecidedtoserveinthearmy.how→that因thewarbrokeout是thenews的同位语从句，从句的结构和意义已完整了，故用that引导。