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1、IntroductiontoDr.NormanBethuneDr.NormanBethuneisbestknownasaherointhePeople'sRepublicofChinaandforhisimpactonSino-Canadianrelations.ButhealsogainedareputationinhisnativeCanadaasagiftedsurgeon,aninventor,apoliticalactivistandanearlyproponentofauniversalhealthcaresystem.NormanBet
2、hunewasbornin1890inGravenhurst,Ontario,northofToronto.Hewasthesonofaclergymanbutchosetofollowinhisgrandfather'sfootstepsandbecomeasurgeon.HestudiedattheUniversityofToronto'sFacultyofMedicinebut,in1911,heinterruptedhisstudiestoworkforayearasalabourer-teacherwithFrontierCollege.N
3、ormanBethune(1890-1939),byFrancineAugerWartimeserviceAttheoutbreakoftheFirstWorldWar,BethunejoinedtheN0.2FieldAmbulanceMedicalCorpsandsailedforFranceinFebruary1915.Hewasworkingasastretcher-bearerinYpres,Belgium,whenashrapnelshellexplodedclosetohimandpiecesofitpiercedhisleg.Hewa
4、ssentbyshiptoEnglandwherehespentthreemonthsrecoveringinhospital.WhenBethunereturnedtoCanada,heresumedhismedicalstudiesandcompletedhisBachelorofMedicineinDecember1916.OneofhisclassmateswasFrederickBanting,whowouldlaterachievefameastheco-discovererofinsulin.PaintingshowingDr.Norm
5、anBethuneperformingabloodtransfusionWiththewarstillraging,Dr.Bethunefeltcompelledtoreturntoservice,sohejoinedtheRoyalNavyasalieutenant-surgeon.Atwar'send,hetookonasix-monthinternshipattheprestigiousHospitalforSickChildreninLondon,England.BackinCanada,Dr.Bethuneworkedinprivatepr
6、acticeinStratfordandIngersoll,Ontario.Buthewasarestlessman,sohetraveledbacktoBritaintotrainasasurgeonattheUniversityofEdinburgh.OnFebruary 3,1922,hewaselectedaFellowoftheRoyalCollegeofSurgeons.PersonalcrisesWhilehewasinScotland,NormanBethunemarriedaScottishgirl,Frances Campbell
7、Penney,andtheymovedtoDetroit,Michigan,wherehesetupanotherprivatepractice.Buthewasfacingaperiodofcrisesinhispersonallife.In1926,hecontractedpulmonarytuberculosis.Aboutthesametime,hismarriagefailed,largelyduetohislavishspendingandflamboyantlifestyle.TurningpointDr.Bethune'sstayin
8、aNewYorksanitariumwasaturningpoint.Here,hesawfirst-han
