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1、考研英语：1997翻译真题精练精讲一、全真试题Doanimalshaverights?Thisishowthequestionisusuallyput.Ttsounds1ikeauseful,ground-clearingwaytostart.(71)Actual1y,itisn"t,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.Ononeviewofrights,to
2、besure,itnecessarilyfollowsthatanimaIshavenone.72)Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements-Therefore,animalscannothaverights>Theideaofpunishingatigerthatkillssomebodyisabsurd,forexactlythesame
3、reason,soistheideathattigershaverights・However,thisisonlyoneaccount,andbynomeansanuncontestedone.Itdeniesrightsnotonlytoanimalsbutalsotosomepeople—forinstance,toinfants,thementailyincapableandfuturegenerations.Inaddition,itisunclearwhatforceacontractcanha
4、veforpeoplewhoneverconsentedtoit:howdoyoureplytosomebodywhosaysTdon"tlikethiscontract?"Thepointisthis:withoutagreementontherightsofpeople,arguingabouttherightsofanimalsisfruitless.(73)Tt1eadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset:itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimal
5、sshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumans,orwithnoconsiderationatall.Thisisafalsechoice.Bettertostartwithanother,morefundamcntalquestion:isthewaywotreatanimalsamoralissueatall?Manydenyit.(74)Arguingfromtheviewthathumansarediffere
6、ntfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect,extremistsofthiskindthinkthatanimalslieoutsidetheareaofmoralchoice.Anyregardforthesufferingofanimalsisseenasamistake一asentimentaldisplacementoffeelingthatshouldproperlybedirectedtootherhumans.Thisview,whichhoidsthattort
7、uringamonkeyismorallyequivalenttochoppingwood,mayseembravely"logical”.Infactitissimplyshallow:theethicalequivalentoflearningtocrawl一istoweighothersinterestsagainstone'sown.Thisinturnrequiressympathyandimagination:withoutwhichthereisnocapacityformoralthoug
8、ht.Toseeananimalinpainisenough,formost,toongagesympathy・(75)Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake:itismankind,sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,aninstinetthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.二、翻译题解(71)Actually,itist
