英汉互译实用教程精简笔记

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1、-一翻译概论译者合格条件五条：1.外文水平高2.中文水平高3.知识面广4.政治觉悟较高5.熟悉基本的翻译技巧AbriefintroductiontothehistoryoftranslationinchinaTranslationinchinahasalonghistoryofabouttwothousandyears.Duringthecenturies,quiteanumberofworld-famoustranslatorsinChinaappearedoneafteranotherandtheymadegreatcontributionstoChinaasw

2、ellastotheworldinthedevelopmentoftranslation.Seethefollowingfacts:1.TheEasternHan–theNorthernandSouthernDynasties(25—581)ChinainvitedforeignersortheforeignerscametoChinabythemselvestotranslateBuddhistScripture.AmongthemwereAnShigao（AnQing）fromPersia(nowIran),InduDharmarakchaandKumaraji

3、vaformIndia.2.TheSuiDynasty(581—618)–theTangDynasty(618—907):GoldenAgeofTranslationinAncientChina.ThreegiantsintranslatingBuddhistScriptureappeared:1)XuanZang(theTangDynasty)2)Kumarajiva(theEasternJinDynasty)鸠摩罗什3)Paramatha(alsocalledGunarata)(N.&S.Dynasties)真谛（波罗末他）3.TheMingDynasty(13

4、68—1644)XuGuangqi(徐光启),aChineseandM.Ricci,(利玛窦)anItaliancotranslatedEuclid’sElements(or:Euclid’sElementorum)4.TheQingDynasty(1644—1911)ThereweregreattranslatorslikeYanFuandLinShuLinShu:1Camille(or:LaDameauxCamelias)(《巴黎茶花女遗事》)2UncleTom’sCabin(《黑奴吁天录》)3DavidCopperfield(《块肉余生述》)YanFu:1Ev

5、olutionandEthicsandOtherEssaysbyT.H.Huxley(《天演论》)2AnInquiryIntotheNatureandCauseoftheWealthofNationsbyA.Smith(《原富》)3OnLibertybyJ.S.Mill(《群己权界论》)4AHistoryofPoliticsbyE.Jenks(《社会通诠》)习题1.YanFu’s3-wordtranslationcriteriaarefaithfulness,expressivenessandelegance.（严氏三字真言）2.Thetwowordsusedast

6、hecommoncriteriaoftranslationinChinatodayare.---faithfulnessandsmoothness.3.Translationisarepresentationorrecreationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage,notonlyanartbutalsoascience.(whatismeantbytranslation?)4.KarlMarxwasfondofsaying:“Aforeignlanguageisaweaponinthestrugg

7、leoflife.”5.Generallyspeaking,aqualifiedtranslatorshouldhavefiveprerequisites：1agoodcommandofthesourcelanguage,2agoodcommandofthetargetlanguage,3awiderangeandscopeofknowledge,4ahighpoliticalconsciousness,5anecessaryknowledgeofbasictechniquesusedintranslation.6.Tome,thecriteriaoftrans